DEVONIAN ROCKS OF SOUTHEASTERN MICHIGAN AND NORTHWESTERN OHIO

BY

G. M. EHLERS, E. C. STUMM and R. V. KESLING

PREPARED FOR THE STRATIGRAPHIC FIELD TRIP OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA DETROIT MEETING, NOVEMBER 1 9 5 1

Copyright, 1951, by

G. M. Ehlers, E. C. Stumrn and R. V. Kesling

CONTENTS
Page

..................................... Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Geologic structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Stratigraphy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General description of rocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Correlation of rocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Selected references . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Itinerary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Introduction

1 1
3 3 3
23

27
40

iii

ILLUSTRATIONS
Page Map. 1. A r e a l geologic map showing distribution of Devonian rocks, underlying Silurian, and overlying Mississippian s t r a t a in p a r t s of southeastern Michigan and northw e s t e r n Ohio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Facing page Fig. 1. Drawing made f r o m an oblique a e r i a l photograph of the Silica, Ohio region to show a r e a l distribution of the Devonian formations and main q u a r r i e s in which they a r e exposed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fig. 2. Fig. 3.

....
.

Columnar section of the Devonian r o c k s of the Silica, Qhio region, giving the thickness of each formation and indicating the s t r a t a found in the various q u a r r i e s Generalized section of the Detroit River group f r o m the Sibley-Rockwood region, Michigan, to the Maumee River valley 6 m i l e s south of Waterville, Ohio. Section shows the stratigraphic relationships of the v a r i o u s formations . . . .

....

C h a r t 1. C h a r t comparing the classification used in this paper f o r r o c k s of the Detroit River group with that used by Lane, P r o s s e r , Sherzer and Grabau i n 1909 . . . . . . . C h a r t 2. Correlation of the Devonian rocks of New York, northern Michigan, and southe a s t e r n Michigan-northwestern Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

...

......
...

P l a t e 1. Views showing exposures of the Sylvania sandstone, Lucas and Anderdon formations, and the Dundee limestone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . P l a t e 2. Views showing exposures of the Sylvania sandstone, Amherstburg and L u c a s formations, Dundee limestone, and Silica formation . . . . . . . . . . . . P l a t e 3 . F o s s i l s of P l a t e 4. F o s s i l s of P l a t e 5. F o s s i l s of

....... the Amherstburg, Lucas and Anderdon formations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . the Dundee and Silica f o r m a t i o n s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . the Silica f o r m a t i o n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

0 c

5
w -

1 0
I

0
Woodville

S C A L E IN M I L E S

Bowlinq

Green

M a p 1. A r e a l geologic m a p s h o w i n g d i s t r i b u t i o n of Devonian r o c k s , u n d e r l y i n g S i l u r i a n , and o v e r l y i n g M i s s i s s i p p i a n s t r a t a in p a r t s of s o u t h e a s t e r n Michigan and n o r t h w e s t e r n Ohio.

INTRODUCTION
This paper d e s c r i b e s briefly the lithology, succession, and relationships of the Devonian s t r a t a of southeastern Michigan and northwestern Ohio a few miles south of the Michigan-Ohio boundary. The conditions under which s o m e of the rocks w e r e deposited, the chief diagnostic fossils of the various formations, and the correlation of the rocks with the Devonian s t r a t a of northern Michigan andNewYork a r e noted.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The authors a r e greatly indebted to P r o f e s s o r J. E. C a r m a n of Ohio State University f o r permission to use descriptions of s o m e rock sections and for c o r r e c t i o n s in a r e a l mapping. They wish to thank P r o f e s s o r C a r m a n and Doctor Grace A. Stewart of Ohio State University f o r joining them in a field conference a t which time a n agreement was reached in r e g a r d to questions of stratigraphic classification. The authors a r e grateful t o Doctor H. F. Kriege, Technical Director of the F r a n c e Stone Company, f o r much information helpful to a n understanding of the geologic s t r u c t u r e and rock succession of his company's q u a r r i e s n e a r Silica, Ohio. They wish to thank Mr. Scott, Manager of the Medusa Portland Cement Company's plant a t Silica, for the loan of a n a e r i a l photograph of the q u a r r i e s of the Silica region. To both of these gentlemen the authors a r e indebted f o r permission to examine the rocks of their q u a r r i e s and f o r help in planning field trips. The authors wish to thank Mr. Keough, Manager of the Solvay P r o c e s s Company a t Sibley, Michigan, and Mr. R . S. Lebold, Manager of the Michigan Silica Company a t Rockwood, Michigan, f o r permission to study the rocks of their q u a r r i e s and for aid in planning transportation through their q u a r r i e s . The Museum of Paleontology of the University of Michigan contributed to the study by providing funds and equipment for field work and by making available the facilities of the museum.

GEOLOGIC STRUCTURE
T h e Devonian r o c k s of s o u t h e a s t e r n Michigan and northwestern Ohio a r e located on t h e n o r t h w e s t e r n flank of t h e n o r t h e a s t branch of the Cincinnati geanticline. They dip gently into the Michigan basin except along t h e L u c a s County monocline. T h e location of the L u c a s County monocline, which h a s been well d e s c r i b e d by J. E. C a r m a n and Wilbur Stout (1934, pp. 523-525), i s indicated by the c l o s e l y spaced formational contacts shown in Map 1. T h e t r e n d of the monocline i s about N. 10 W. T h e a v e r a g e d i p of the s t r a t a in t h e monocline a s shown in the q u a r r i e s n e a r Silica, Ohio i s about 6O S. 80 W. ( s e e P1. 2, Fig. 2).

STRATIGRAPHY
GENERAL DESCRIPTION O F ROCKS BOIS BLANC FORMATION

T h e B o i s Blanc formation, which i s well exposed on Bois Blanc Island in L a k e Huron and nearby p a r t s of t h e Mackinac S t r a i t s region, i s the o l d e s t Devonian deposit of s o u t h e a s t e r n Michigan. According to K. K. L a n d e s (1945b) t h i s f o r m a t i o n c a n b e recognized by cuttings f r o m d e e p w e l l s a s f a r south a s Monroe County. He s t a t e s (ibid.) that the f o r m a t i o n "thins out 4 o r 5 m i l e s s h o r t of t h e outcrop of the Sylvania formation" in s o u t h e a s t e r n Michigan and r e s t s on Upper Silurian d o l o m i t e s of t h e B a s s Islands group.

DETROIT RIVER GROUP - SYLVANIA SANDSTONE T h e Sylvania sandstone, named by D r . E d w a r d Orton (1888, pp. 4, 88) f o r e x p o s u r e s n e a r Sylvania, L u c a s County, Ohio, i s the oldest exposed Devonian formation in n o r t h w e s t e r n Ohio and s o u t h e a s t e r n Michigan. I t s a r e a l distribution i s shown in Map 1. Except w h e r e underlain by B o i s Blanc s t r a t a , the Sylvania r e s t s disconformably on the R a i s i n R i v e r dolomite, the youngest f o r m a t i o n of the Upper S i l u r i a n B a s s Islands group. I t s contact with t h e Raisin R i v e r dolomite i s w e l l shown i n the Holland q u a r r y about 7 1,'2 m i l e s south of Silica, Ohio, w h e r e , a s r e p o r t e d bv C a r m a n (1936, pp. 258-259), the Sylvania contains a b a s a l c o n g l o m e r a t e with pebbles of t h e Raisin River dolomite. In n o r t h w e s t e r n Ohio i t s contact with the overlying A m h e r s t b u r g dolomite i s not s h a r p l y defined b e c a u s e the lowest b e d s of t h e A m h e r s t b u r g a r e dolomitic s a n d s t o n e s , which g r a d e downward into t h e Sylvania sandstone. T h e Sylvania sandstone and the overlying f o r m a t i o n s of the D e t r o i t R i v e r g r o u p a r e exceptionally well shown in s e v e r a l q u a r r i e s n e a r the village of Silica about 2 m i l e s southwest of Sylvania, Ohio ( s e e Fig. 1). T h e lithologic c h a r a c t e r , t h i c k n e s s , and m o r e common f o s s i l s of a l l t h e Detroit R i v e r f o r m a t i o n s of t h e Silica region a r e given i n t h e following d e s c r i p t i o n s ( s e e Fig. 2 and P1. 3 ) .

Description of Detroit River Group Exposed in the Silica, Lucas County, Ohio Region ANDERDON LIMESTONE Exposed in west wall of E a s t quarry of F r a n c e Stone Company about one-quarter mile north of Sylvania Avenue Ft. In.

Unit

7. Covered in l a r g e part; highest 1 to 2 f e e t consists of light buff dolomite with d a r k laminae of carbonaceous material. Exposed in field about 35 feet west of Centennial road and about one-fifth mile north of Sylvania Avenue. A rock cut being excavated in the e a s t wall of the West Q u a r r y of the France Stone Company n e a r this point with the view to connecting the E a s t and West Q u a r r i e s of the F r a n c e Stone Company by a tunnel beneath Centennial Road probably will be deepened by the time of this field conference s o a s to show the contact between the Detroit River group and the overlying Dundee limestone. . . . . . . . . . 7 + 6. Golomite, light g r a y to dark buff-gray, unevenly bedded, s u r f a c e white on weathering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-5 5. Limestone, buff-gray, laminated, with laminae contorted in upper p a r t . . . . . . . . 2 4. Dolomite, buff-gray to buff, v e r y finely crystalline, filled with vugs and geodes of crystalline calcite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 3. Dolomite, light buff, fine grained and laminated; weathers into l a y e r s 1 to 2 inches in thickness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Exposed in s m a l l , abandoned, elongate q u a r r y just south of Sylvania Avenue and just e a s t of Centennial Road and in extension of west wall of E a s t q u a r r y of F r a n c e Stone Company south of Sylvania Avenue 2. Dolomite, d a r k buff to brown, crystalline and thick bedded. Thickness is 5 ft. 10 in. in west wall of E a s t q u a r r y of F r a n c e Stone Company about one-third of a m i l e north of Sylvania Avenue.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1. Dolomite, light buff to buff-gray, with vugs of calcite c r y s t a l s and molds of many s m a l l gastropods and of a s m a l l number of pelecypods, simple c o r a l s , and stromatoporoids. T h e most c h a r a c t e r i s t i c gastropods a r e Pleurotrochus t r i c a r i n a t u s Grabau and undescribed s p e c i e s of Loxonema, Murchisonia, Platyloron, Rhineoderma, and Tropidodiscus. T h e pelecypod Conocardium sibleyense L a Rocque i s associated with t h e s e gastropods. Dolomite h a s petrofiferous odor when s t r u c k with h a m m e r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

10 8 7

Total . . . . . . . . . . 23' 6" - 24' 6" LUCAS DOLOMITE Exposed in s m a l l abandoned q u a r r y noted above

Unit 18. Dolomite, light buff-gray, fine-grained, with laminae which show well on weathered s u r f a c e s ; a f e w specimens of P r o s s e r e l l a planisinosa Sherzer andGrabau . . . . . . 1 17. Dolomite, light buff-gray, fine-grained, s i m i l a r in lithology to unit 18; weathered s u r f a c e s white; dolomite thins from 7 to 3 inches in places a s the r e s u l t of solution accompanying formation of stylolites a t t o p . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16. Dolomite, buff, coarse-grained, thick-bedded, with carbonaceous l a m i n a e . . . . . . . 6 15. Dolomite, buff, fine-grained, thin-bedded, with closely spaced carbonaceous laminae; bedding planes and laminae with many undulations. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 14. Dolomite, light buff-gray and fine-grained; dolomite much fractured, angular f r a g m e n t s surrounded by c r y s t a l s of calcite; prominent stylolite parallel to bedding in c e n t e r of unit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 8 3-7 2
1

Unit

Ft.

In.

13. Dolomite, light buff and grayish-buff, crystalline, in beds 4 to 12 inches in thickness; s o m e beds with carbonaceous laminae; few vugs of calcite c r y s t a l s in lower part; buff g r a y oolite, 10 inches in thickness, top of which i s 6 ft. 10 in. below top of u n i t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19+ 12. Dolomite, buff, and in fragments mixed with c r y s t a l s of calcite, many of which a r e "dog-tooth s p a r " 3 to 4 in. in length. T h e unit was in a zone of ground water solution. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 11. Dolomite, light buff-gray and buff, with s o m e vugs of calcite c r y s t a l s in the f o r m of "dog-tooth spar". Some beds with laminae; o t h e r s without laminae a r e porous and contain P r o s s e r e l l a lucasi S h e r z e r and Grabau, Acanthonema holopiforme S h e r z e r and Grabau, and other f o s s i l s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 10. Dolomite, light g r a y ; with disseminated, rounded and i r r e g u l a r l y shaped a r e a s of calcite, m o s t of which a r e about one-sixteenth of a n inch in diameter. . . . . . . . 1 9. Dolomite, buff, with undulating laminae of carbonaceous material. Fragments of the dolomite a r e mixed with m a s s e s of calcite in the f o r m of "dog-tooth spar". T h e unit was a zone of ground water solution. Unit i s much weathered and s i m i l a r to unit 12.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 8. Dolomite, buff to grayish-buff, medium t o c o a r s e l y crystalline, with numerous laminae; w e a t h e r s into l a y e r s 4 to 7 in. in thickness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 7. Dolomite, light g r a y mottled with pinkish-gray i r r e g u l a r l y shaped a r e a s , finely c r y s t a l l i n e and laminated; laminae contorted, probably due to submarine gliding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6. Dolomite, light buff, coarsely crystalline, massive, with few cavities . . . . . . . . . 1 5. Dolomite, a r e n a c e o u s , buff-gray mottled with pinkish-gray irregularly shaped a r e a s ; m a s s i v e , with vugs of calcite in the f o r m of "dog-tooth spar". Rock contains ?Cylindrophyllum, P r o s s e r e l l a and other fossils. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 4. Dolomite, buff-gray mottled with pinkish-gray i r r e g u l a r l y shaped a r e a s , medium to c o a r s e l y crystalline, containing few vugs of calcite i n the f o r m of "dogtooth spar"; weathered surfaces show laminae. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 3. Dolomite, s i m i l a r to unit 5 but somewhat d a r k e r , in l a y e r s 6 to 12 inches in thickness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 2. Dolomite, v e r y light gray, very fine grained, thin bedded, in l a y e r s 1 to 6 inches in thickness, and laminated; laminae prominent on weathered s u r f a c e s ; s o m e laminae contorted probably due to s u b m a r i n e gliding. Weathering along bedding planes and closely spaced joints c a u s e s dolomite to b r e a k into angular blocks. Weathered white s u r f a c e s of the rock make unit conspicuous. . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Exposed in e a s t wall of E a s t quarry of F r a n c e Stone Conlpany about one-tenth mile south of B r i n t Road ( s e e Fig. 1 and P1. 2, F i g s 1 and 2). 1. Dolomite, buff-gray, light buff on weathered s u r f a c e s ; thinner bedded than underlying Amherstburg dolomite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10+ Total thickness AMHERSTBURG DOLOMITE Unit 2. Dolomite, g r a y to buff-gray, mottled with bluish-gray, thick-bedded, containing s o m e fine quartz sand, vugs and geodes of crystalline calcite, and molds of Cylindrophyllum profundum ( S h e r z e r and Grabau), Zaphrentis carinata ( S h e r z e r and Grabau), P r o s s e r e l l a modestoides S h e r z e r and Grabau, Conocardium monroicum Grabau, Mourlonia ? s p . and other gastropods. Prominent zone of vugs and geodes between 1 and 7 ft. below top of unit . . . . . 1. Dolomite, g r a y to buff-gray, with much quartz sand and many l a r g e vugs and geodes of c r y s t a l l i n e calcite; lower 2 ft. with abundant sand and m o r e buff than r e m a i n d e r of unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total thickness. . . . . . . . Ft. In.

. . . . . . . .

83' 9" - 84' 1"

14

About 9 ft. of Svlvania sandstone i s exposed below the Amherstburg dolomite a t this locality. It c o n s i s t s of medium to c o a r s e grained, buff-gray, c r o s s bedded sandstone with grains of f r o s t e d quartz. Vugs and geodes with c r y s t a l s of calcite present in considerable abundance between 1 and 3 f t . below top of sandstone. SYLVANIA SANDSTONE Exposed a t e a s t end of s m a l l abandoned q u a r r y south of Sylvania Avenue, and in Toledo Stone and Glass Sand Company q u a r r y

Unit

Ft.

In.

3. Sandstone, consisting of quartz sand i n dolomitic m a t r i x and having f o s s i l s near base. Some o r a l l of unit may be sandy phase of Amherstburg dolomite . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 2. Sandstone, consisting of fine quartz sand i n calcareous cement and thick bedded. Exposed in q u a r r y f a c e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 1. Sandstone, consisting of fine quartz sand. Estimated thickness . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Total thickness

. . . . . . . . . . . 50'

T h e best exposure of the Sylvania sandstone in Michigan is i n the q u a r r y of the Michigan Silica Company about 1 mile southeast of Rockwood, Wayne County, Michigan ( s e e Map 1 and P1. 1, Figs. 2 and 3). The lithologic c h a r a c t e r , thickness, and fossils of the formation in this q u a r r y and in d r i l l c o r e s in this region a r e noted in the following description. Description of Sylvania Sandstone Exposed in Quarry of Michigan Silica Company About 1 Mile Southeast of Rockwood, Wayne County, Michigan SYLVANIA SANDSTONE Exposed in walls of q u a r r y

Unit 4. Sandstone, white to grayish-white, cross-bedded and friable; quartz g r a i n s frosted and well rounded; s o m e g r a i n s secondarily enlarged with crystalline s i l i c a . Locally sandstone contains s o m e dolomitic cement. Crinoid columnals, and fragments of dendroid graptolites, Favosites sp., and other indeterminable f o s s i l s r a r e . Unit contains s c a t t e r e d m a s s e s of unusually fine calcite and celestite c r y s t a l s . S h e r z e r and Grabau (1910, p. 84) found the sand of this sandstone "to actually out-Sahara the Sahara sand itself s o f a r a s purity, rounding and a s s o r t i n g a r e concerned." . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F o r m e r l y exposed in walls of c r u s h e r pit below q u a r r y floor 3 . Sandstone, s i m i l a r to unit 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. Dolomite, exceedingly a r e n a c e o u s , light g r a y to nearly black with bands of c h e r t nodules; s o m e l a y e r s with numerous pebbles of dolomite and mud-lumps, both of which contain a n abundance of quartz sand. Dolomite contains f r a g ments of pelecypods, gastropods, Mesoconularia sp., and Tentaculites s p . and s m a l l , much worn pieces of a r t h r o d i r a n bone. At the time of excavation of the c r u s h e r pit a v e r y l a r g e flow of hydrogen sulphide water w a s encountered in this unit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unexposed 1. Sandstone, white to grayish-white, known from d r i l l c o r e s obtained f r o m places near q u a r r y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ft.

In.

33 12

15

30-35

Total thickness . . . . . . . . . . . 90'-95'

FEET

T E N M I L E GREEK

Unit 18

SILICA

Units 7-13 Units 1

-6

DUNDEE LIMESTONE

ANDERDON LIMESTONE

a
3
[Z

o w

LUCAS DOLOMITE

SYLVANIA SANDSTONE

Fig. 2. Columnar section of the Devonian rocks of the Silica, Ohio region, giving the thickness of each formation and indicating the s t r a t a found i n the various quarries.

T h e total thickness of the Sylvania sandstone n e a r the a r e a of outcrop a s found in a c o r e drilled by the International Salt Company about 1 mile west of this company's mine in Oakwood, n e a r the southw e s t e r n limit of Detroit, i s 120 feet. In the type a r e a of the Sylvania sandstone, n e a r Sylvania, Ohio, the thickness i s only about 50 feet. In the region of the Michigan Silica Company q u a r r y , the thickness i s 90 to 95 feet, a s indicated in the above description; the contact of the Sylvania with the underlying Raisin River dolomite in this region was encountered in the drill holes from which the c o r e s w e r e taken. The highest beds of the Sylvania w e r e not penetrated because drilling began below the contact of the Sylvania with the overlying Amherstburg dolomite. In the a r e a delineated by Map 1, the g r e a t e s t thickness of the formation i s known f r o m wells; according to Landes (1945b, Fig. 1) this thickness i s over 300 feet and is found in e a s t e r n Washtenaw County, Michigan, about 5 miles e a s t of Ann Arbor.

DETROIT RIVER GROUP - AMHERSTBURG DOLOMITE T h e Amherstburg dolomite, which o v e r l i e s the Sylvania sandstone, was named by S h e r z e r and Grabau (1909, pp. 542-543) for a thick bedded, brown dolomite brought to the s u r f a c e during the c o u r s e of the dredging of the e a s t e r n o r Canadian channel of the Detroit River opposite Amherstburg, Ontario. At the time of S h e r z e r and Grabau's study it was a l s o exposed a s h o r t distance west of the Canadian channel in a d r y cut in the bottom of the Detroit River. T h e dolomite became almost completely covered by water when the r i v e r was directed into the cut to f o r m the Livingstone Ship Channel ( s e e Map 1). S h e r z e r and Grabau (1910, p. 51) believed that only the Amherstburg dolomite w a s p r e s e n t in the bottom of the Detroit River. They (1910, p. 49) recorded the o c c u r r e n c e of Acanthonema holopiforme S h e r z e r and Grabau and Hormotoma subcarinata Grabau [ = Murchisonia subcarinata (Grabau)] in the Amherstburg of the Detroit River. T h e s e two gastropods a r e c h a r a c t e r i s t i c of the Lucas dolomite and s o f a r a s known have not been found in the Amherstburg dolomite. A large p a r t of the r o c k s which w e r e exposed in the Detroit River a t the time of the excavation of the Livingstone Channel, belong to the Lucas formation and S h e r z e r and Grabau e r r e d in assigning many Lucas s p e c i e s to the Amherstburg dolomite. At p r e s e n t the only accessible outcrop of the Amherstburg in southeastern Michigan i s in the s m a l l abandoned C u m m i n ' s q u a r r y located in the SE. 1/4 s e c . 2, T. 8S., R. 6E., about 6 miles south and 1 3/4 m i l e s e a s t of P e t e r s b u r g , Monroe County ( s e e Map 1). T h i s q u a r r y shows about 15 feet of gray to buff-gray, porous dolomite with considerable q u a r t z sand and many typical Amherstburg f o s s i l s pres e r v e d a s molds. The Amherstburg r e s t s on 2 feet of Sylvania sandstone, exposed in a shallow trench of the q u a r r y floor. T h e Amherstburg dolomite i s well exposed in the Silica, Ohio, region. Its lithologic c h a r a c t e r , thickness and m o r e common fossils a r e given in the description of the Detroit River group of this region previously presented. T h e Amherstburg dolomite in the Silica, Ohio, region i s about 50 feet thick. It i n c r e a s e s in thickness toward the Detroit a r e a where it has a thickness of about 70 feet.

DETROIT RIVER GROUP

LUCAS DOLOMITE

T h e L u c a s dolomite was named by P r o s s e r (1903, pp. 540-541) to include "all r o c k s between the top of the Sylvania sandstone and the b a s e of the Columbus limestone" in Ohio o r the Dundee limestone in southeastern Michigan. P r o s s e r believed that the beds in northwestern Ohio which he called Columbus w e r e the s a m e b e d s that Mather (1859, p. 25) and Newberry (1873, p. 89) d e s c r i b e d by that name f r o m q u a r r i e s in the vicinity of Columbus, Ohio. As now recognized, the Columbus limestone i s absent in ~orthwestern Ohio and the younger Dundee limestone was the one to which P r o s s e r r e f e r r e d . By P r o s s e r ' s definition the lower p a r t of his L u c a s limestone included rocks which a r e now classified a s Amherstburg and the upper part included r o c k s now called Anderdon. Lane, P r o s s e r , S h e r z e r , and Grabau (1909, p. 555) proposed t h e name Detroit River s e r i e s f o r the rocks between the Sylvania sandstone and the Dundee limestone. They listed the L u c a s dolomite a s the uppermost bed of their Detroit River s e r i e s , which a l s o included the Flat Rock dolomite, Anderdon limestone, and Amherstburg dolomite ( s e e C h a r t 1 ) . T h i s succession of beds w a s based on the e r r o n e ous belief of S h e r z e r and Grabau (1909) that the Dundee limestone overlapped a l l formations of their

Lane, P r o s s e r , S h e r z e r , and Grabau - 1909 Lucas dolomite (Presser- 1903) Amherstburg dolomite (Sherzer and ~ r a b a u - 909) I Anderdon limestone ( S h e r z e r and Grabau-1908) F l a t Rock dolomite ( S h e r z e r and Grabau-1909) Disconformity Middle Monroe Sylvania sandstone (Orton- 1888) Disconformity Lower Monroe or B a s s Islands series (Lane, P r o s s e r , Sherzer and Grabau) Raisin River dolomite ( S h e r z e r and Grabau-1909) Put-in-Bay dolomite ( S h e r z e r and Grabau-1909) Tymochtee beds (Winchell- 1873) Greenfield dolomite (Orton- 1871) 5 rn

Classification used in t h i s paper

Upper Monroe
Z

Anderdon limestone a

or Detroit River series (Lane, P r o s s e r , S h e r z e r and Grabau) C

C
Y

P: 3
; 1 u

$G

z g

8
a h

L u c a s dolomite (Restricted)

rn

2 f 3

Amherstburg dolomite

Sylvania sandstone Disconformity

-a
V)

I%

2
E

Raisin River dolomite

& W a

d z
C

cd

Put-in-Bay dolomite

a
3

Tymochtee beds Greenfield dolomite

by

Chart 1. Chart comparing the classification used i n this paper for rocks of the Detroit River group with that used Lane, Prosser, Sherzer, and Grabau in 1909.

Detroit River s e r i e s . In Figure 1 of S h e r z e r and Grabau's paper, t h e i r Detroit River s e r i e s i s shown in a syncline under the Detroit River between Sibley quarry and the Anderdon q u a r r y , which i s now worked by the Brunner, Mond Canada, Ltd. This syncline does not exist; the s t r a t a have a g e n e r a l northwesterly dip f r o m the Anderdon q u a r r y to Sibley quarry. At both q u a r r i e s the Dundee limestone r e s t s disconformably on the Anderdon limestone. The Lucas and Amherstburg dolomites a r e present beneath the Anderdon limestone a t both q u a r r i e s and throughout the entire southeastern Michigan - northwestern Ohio region and obviously could not have been removed f r o m above the Anderdon by pre-Dundee erosion. T h e Flat Rock dolomite was described by S h e r z e r and Grabau (1909, pp. 541, 546) f r o m exposures in the Oakwood s a l t shaft, i n a q u a r r y a t Flat Rock, Michigan, and along the Huron River a t Flat Rock. P r e s e n t investigations indicate that the Sylvania sandstone i s succeeded respectively by the Amherstburg dolomite, the Lucas dolomite, and t h e Anderdon limestone. T h e Flat Rock dolomite of S h e r z e r and Grabau can not be distinguished a s a distinct formation. E h l e r s (1950, pp. 1455-1456) stated that t h e r e i s little doubt that this dolomite i s a p a r t of the Amherstburg dolomite, and suggested that the name F l a t Rock be dropped f r o m stratigraphic nomenclature. The name Lucas i s r e s t r i c t e d in this paper, a s previously suggested by E h l e r s (1950, pp. 1455-1456), to the beds above the Amherstburg dolomite and below the Anderdon limestone. The Lucas dolomite i s well shown in q u a r r i e s of the type a r e a n e a r Silica, Ohio. Its lithologic c h a r a c t e r and thickness a r e given i n the detailed description of the Detroit River group presented on previous pages. T h e Lucas dolomite i s v e r y poorly exposed in southeastern Michigan. One of the l a r g e s t exposures was shown in a cut made in the bed of the Detroit River at the time of the excavation of the Livingstone Channel. The P a t r i c k q u a r r y a t the south end of G r o s s e Isle about 4 1/2 m i l e s northeast of Rockwood and the Gibralter q u a r r y about 4 m i l e s e a s t of Flat Rock ( s e e Map 1) showed representative sections of the Lucas dolomite with many f o s s i l s diagnostic of this formation before they were abandoned and became filled with water. A s m a l l section of the Lucas i s shown in the walls of the c r u s h e r pit of the Solvay P r o c e s s Company's q u a r r y a t Sibley, Michigan, and is described on l a t e r pages in a detailed description of a l l the rocks of this q u a r r y . T h i s section, like those of older q u a r r i e s in Michigan exhibiting Lucas s t r a t a , i s likely to become covered with water o r e a r t h because the Sibley q u a r r y h a s now been abandoned a s a s o u r c e of limestone. The Lucas dolomite in the Silica, Ohio, q u a r r i e s i s about 84 feet thick and in the Detroit region 170 feet.

DETROIT RIVER GROUP - ANDERDON LIMESTONE The Anderdon limestone was named by Sherzer and Grabau (1908, p. 408) for a high calcium limestone exposed in the Anderdon (Brunner, Mond Canada, Ltd.) q u a r r y about 1 1:'4 miles north of Amherstburg, Ontario, ( s e e Map 1). The lithologic c h a r a c t e r and thickness of the Anderdon limestone and the underlying Lucas and overlying Dundee formations a t this locality a r e given in the following description. Description of Rocks Exposed in Quarry of Brunner, Mond Canada, Ltd. ("Anderdon quarry" of many authors) in Anderdon township about 1 1/4 m i l e s northeast of Amherstburg, Ontario DUNDEE LIMESTONE Exposed in wall of q u a r r y

Unit

Ft.

In.

1. Limestone and dolomitic limestone s i m i l a r to Dundee s t r a t a in Solvay P r o c e s s Company q u a r r y a t Sibley, Michigan. Detailed description given by C. R. Stauffer (1915, p. 202). Basal bed of unit i s buff, dolomitic limestone with considerable quartz sand. Thickness, given by Stauffer (1915, p. 202).

. ...

54 54'

5 5"

Total thickness . . . . . . . .

DISCONFORMITY ANDERDON LIMESTONE Exposed in wall and floor of quarry

Unit 16. Limestone, light g r a y to light bluish-gray, finely crystalline, containing Idiostroma s p . , other stromatoporoids, Favosites sp., a n athyrid, a c o s t a t e Atrypa, Pentamerella sp., Leiorhynchus? sp., s e v e r a l g e n e r a and s p e c i e s of cephalopods, many large, loosely-coiled, low-spired gastropods. Molds of many gastropods and cephalopods filled with buff, arenaceous and dolomitic-limestone of overlying Dundee formation. Quartz sand of b a s a l Dundee present in weathered f i s s u r e s of Anderdon limestone to a depth of 4 feet below top of unit 16 (unit 7 of Stauffer, 1915, p. 203) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15. Limestone, light buff-gray, crystalline, containing few stromatoporoids, few poorly p r e s e r v e d t e t r a c o r a l s and brachiopods, many undescribed s p e c i e s of gastropods, and Barychilina sp., Kloedenia sp., and s p e c i e s of the ostracod families Cypridae and Leperditidae. Unit 6 of Stauffer (1915, p. 203) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14. Limestone, g r a y , crystalline, with Idiostroma sp., numerous o t h e r stromatoporoids, many c o r a l s including the g e n e r a Cystiphylloides, Disphyllum, Emmonsia, Favosites and Heterophrentis, a costate Atrypa, a n athyrid, Conocardium sibleyense LaRocque, undescribed s p e c i e s of Murchisonia, Platyloron, Rhineoderma and Tropidodiscus, and s p e c i e s of the ostracod genera Aparchites, Isochilina, Kloedenia?, and Punctoprimitia. Small, low bioherms composed largely of a digitate Favosites in a brown to brownish-black dolomite having considerable asphaltic m a t e r i a l present locally in quarry. Unit 5 of Stauffer (1915, p. 203). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13. Limestone (calcilutite), light buff-gray, banded with d a r k e r gray, with s m a l l disseminated c r y s t a l s of calcite; lowest 6 inches m o r e buff than r e s t of unit. Units 13 to 1 inclusive approximately equivalent to unit 4 of Stauffer (1915, p. 2G3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12. Dolomite, d a r k g r a y to blackish-gray, with s c a t t e r e d c r y s t a l s of calcite and g r a i n s of quartz s a n d . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11. Limestone (calcilutite), v e r y light buff-gray, with disseminated s m a l l c r y s t a l s of calcite, conchoidal f r a c t u r e , and stylolites . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10. Limestone (calcilutite), s i m i l a r to unit 11, with s o m e d a r k e r g r a y bands a r r a n g e d parallel to bedding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9. Limestone (calcilutite), light g r a y to light buff-gray, with conchoidal fracture. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8. Limestone slightly dolomitic, buff to brown, medium to coarsely c r y s t a l line, with discontinuous thin bands of g r a y , finely crystalline limestone . . . . 7. Limestone (calcilutite), buff-gray to light buff, with s m a l l s c a t t e r e d c r y s t a l s of calcite and few grains of q u a r t z sand; lowest 10 inches a calcarenite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6. Limestone (calcilutite), light buff-gray banded with d a r k e r buff-gray . . . . . . . 5. Limestone (calcilutite), like unit 6 but with wider bands of color. . . . . . . . . . 4. Limestone (calcilutite), lighter buff-gray than unit 5, without color banding and with conspicuous conchoidal f r a c t u r e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. Limestone, light g r a y , with few s m a l l vugs of calcite, and earthy feel, and stromatoporoids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ft.

In.

1
1

Exposed in ditch beside west wall of c r u s h e r Unit 2. Limestone (calcarenite), light gray, with s m a l l vugs lined with c r y s t a l s of calcite; ? Idiostroma sp. and athyrid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. Limestone, very light buff-gray, with very few s m a l l crystals of calcite and few ostracods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ft. In. 11 8

1 1 28'

. Total thickness . . . . . . . . .

9"

DETROIT RIVER GROUP - LUC AS DOLOMITE Upper 5 to 6 feet exposed locally in q u a r r y floor; remainder in walls of c r u s h e r pit.

Uni t 14. Limestone, very dolomitic, crystalline, with stromatoporoids and c o r a l s . Units 14 and 13 approximately equivalent to unit 3, "Flat Rock dolomite?", of Stauffer (1915, p. 203). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13. Limestone, dolomitic, light buff, crystalline, with few very thin, undulating s e a m s of black carbonaceous material, stromatoporoids and c o r a l s . . . . . . . 12. Limestone, slightly dolomitic, crystalline, light buff though d a r k e r than unit 13, with stromatoporoids and c o r a l s . Unit approximately equivalent to unit 2, "Flat Rock dolomite?", of Stauffer (1915, p. 203) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11. Limestone (calcilutite), gray, with minute disseminated c r y s t a l s of calcite and few vugs of calcite; lowest 6 inches of unit buff-gray and without s c a t t e r e d c r y s t a l s of calcite. The limestone is unit 1, "Flat Rock dolomite?", of Stauffer (1915, p. 203) but i s 7 inches thinner in c r u s h e r pit than where observed elsewhere in q u a r r y by Stauffer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10. Limestone, dolomitic, buff to brown, medium t o coarsely crystalline, with numerous undulating and interrupted laminae of carbonaceous material and few vugs of celestite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9. Limestone (calcilutite), light buff-gray, finely crystalline, with few minute c r y s t a l s of calcite and a conchoidal f r a c t u r e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8. Dolomite, light buff, finely crystalline, with many rounded and frosted g r a i n s of quartz s a n d . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7. Limestone, dolomitic, buff with thin bands of g r a y , finely crystalline. Top of unit marked by s e a m of black carbonaceous residuum. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6. Limestone, light g r a y and very finely c r y s t a l l i n e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5. Limestone, dark g r a y mottled with buff, containing minute scattered c r y s t a l s and s m a l l vugs of calcite. Idiostroma sp. and other stromatoporoids abundant, a s m a l l athyrid also p r e s e n t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4. Limestone (calcarenite), light gray, with s m a l l vugs of calcite and many Idiostroma zp. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. Covered by concrete flooring at bottom of c r u s h e r pit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. Limestone (calcarenite), light g r a y with very s m a l l vugs of calcite, few Idiostroma sp., and few bands of very fine apparently unfossiliferous m a t e r i a l (calcilutite). Samples of limestone obtained below s u r f a c e of water, filling s m a l l sump noted in unit 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. Covered by water in s m a l l s u m p excavated below concrete flooring a t bottom of . c r u s h e r pit. Rock of this covered unit probably i s limestone o r dolomite . . . Total thickness. . . . . . . . . .

Ft.

In.

The Dundee limestone of the above description has the s a m e fauna a s the Dundee limestone of southeastern Michigan and i s not the Onondaga limestone a s classified by Stauffer (1915, p. 202). The Anderdon limestone of the Brunner, Mond Canada, Ltd. quarry i s a high-calcium limestone. In Sibley q u a r r y , it i s a dolomitic limestone. In the Silica, Ohio region most of the formation i s dolomite. The

s t r a t a below the Anderdon limestone of the Brunner, Mond Canada, Ltd. quarry a r e assigned to the Lucas dolomite on the b a s i s of stratigraphic position. DUNDEE LIMESTONE The Dundee limestone was named by Lane in Wadsworth (1893, p. 66) f o r rocks f o r m e r l y exposed in the abandoned Pulver q u a r r y in Dundee, Monroe County, Michigan. As e a r l y a s 1838 Douglass Houghton mentioned the occurrence of limestone in the bed of the Raisin River at Dundee. In the l a t t e r part of the nineteenth century the Pulver quarry located within the Dundee city l i m i t s was opened, but was soon abandoned and became filled with water. S h e r z e r (1900, pp. 77-78) examined the quarry, which a t that time was filled with water to within 2 feet of the top. By examination of loose blocks of limestone scattered around the q u a r r y and with information furnished by Pulver and f o r m e r quarrymen, S h e r z e r pieced together a section aggregating 18 feet 6 inches i n thickness. This section h a s been tabulated by Bassett (1935, p. 433). The most nearly complete exposure of the Dundee limestone is located in the quarry of the Solvay P r o c e s s Company a t Sibley, 2 miles north of Trenton, Wayne County, Michigan ( s e e P1. 1, Fig. 1). The lithologic c h a r a c t e r , thickness, and f o s s i l s of the formation and of the underlying Anderdon and Lucas s t r a t a of t h i s q u a r r y a r e given in the following description. Description of S t r a t a Exposed in the Solvay P r o c e s s Company's Quarry a t Sibley, About Two Miles North of Trenton, Wayne County, Michigan (Modified f r o m description by Bassett, 1935, pp. 429-431; unit numbers in parentheses r e f e r to B a s s e t t ' s intervals) DUNDEE LIMESTONE Exposed in q u a r r y walls

Unit

Ft.

In.

11 (25) Limestone, c o a r s e l y crystalline, light-gray to grayish-white to light buff- gray, becoming d a r k e r and m o r e finely crystalline toward top. Atrypa costata Bassett, Brevispirifer lucasensis (Stauffer), and P a r a c y c l a s proavia (Goldfuss) a r e common in this u n i t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 10 (24) Limestone, finely crystalline, gray, weathering to buff. Lower part contains much c h e r t , s o m e of which i s laminated. Many fossils. The most c h a r a c t e r i s t i c a r e Favosites "turbinatus" Billings, Atrypa elegans (Grabau), and A. elegans v a r . gibbosa Bassett. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 9 (23) Limestone, g r a n u l a r with c o a r s e coquina bands, buff-gray. Actinodesma 6 occidentale (Hall) present in this unit o r in unit 21 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 (22) Limestone, finely crystalline, buff-gray, fossiliferous, containing bands of c h e r t and c h e r t nodules. ~ r e v i s p i r i f e rlucasensis (Stauffer) and other 2 fossils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 (21) Limestone, c o a r s e l y crystalline, grayish-white, and v e r y fossiliferous. Two feet above the base i s a Cyrtina bed 1 inch to 2 inches thick; a t s o m e places in q u a r r y this is absent a s the r e s u l t of solution accompanying the formation of stylolites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 6 (20) Limestone, finely crystalline, gray, having a lumpy appearance when broken. Contains many s m a l l and well-preserved f o s s i l s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 0 5 (19) Limestone, s i m i l a r to unit 4 but c o a r s e r crystalline and d a r k e r in c o l o r . . . . . 4 (18) Limestone, finely crystalline, light buff-gray, with numerous s m a l l black s p e c k s . Small c h e r t nodules s c a t t e r e d in lower 1 1,/2 feet; stylolites 5 abundant in lower and upper parts of unit. F o s s i l s r a r e . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 (17) Limestone, c o a r s e l y crystalline but not a s coarsely crystalline a s unit 2, light pinkish to buff-gray; minute subspherical particles of crystalline calcite in lower 22 inches; lower 41 inches finer crystalline and m o r e

0 8 10

15
Unit buff than overlying p a r t of unit. At points 22, 29 and 39 inches above base a r e layers of c h e r t nodules. The limestone above the c h e r t i s light gray, contains numerous columnals of crinoids, which stand in relief on the weathered s u r f a c e s of the rock, and thick-bedded. The upper 1 foot 7 inches of the limestone i s light g r a y and contains numerous shells of fossils. Unit very fossiliferous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 (16) Limestone, c o a r s e l y crystalline, g r a y and containing few f o s s i l s . . . . . . . . 1 (15) Limestone, c o a r s e grained in upper and lower p a r t s , finer grained in middle part; buff-gray. Coarse-grained p a r t s a r e fossiliferous coquina limestone. The presence of many columnals of crinoids gives the s u r f a c e of the limestone a rough appearance. The upper part contains many s h e l l s of Rhipidomella variabilis Grabau, cup c o r a l s , and Favosites "turbinatus" Billings. In the lower part, shells of Stropheodonta a r e m o r e abundant than those of Rhipidomella. Distantly spaced c h e r t nodules a r e present a s h o r t distance above and below the juncture of the lower c o a r s e and the middle finer grained p a r t s . The basal 6 inches of the unit i s full of frosted quartz grains, which at s o m e places a r e concentrated in shallow depressions in the top of the underlying Anderdon limestone. This arenaceous band a t the base of the unit is the b a s a l deposit of the Dundee limestone, which r e s t s disconformably on the Anderdon limestone. . . . . . Total thickness. DISCONFORMITY DETROIT RIVER GROUP- ANDERDON LIMESTONE Exposed in walls of q u a r r y Unit Ft. In. Ft. In.

9 1

7
6

10 70'

2 5"

. . . . . . . . .

8 (14) Limestone, finely crystalline, very light gray, unfossiliferous except for few molds of a minute gastropod found n e a r the top of the bed a t s o m e places in quarry; vertical jointing and weathered light g r a y to white s u r f a c e s a r e conspicuous c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s of unit. See P1. 1, Fig. 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 (13) Limestone, finer grained in lower and upper p a r t s ; c o a r s e r grained, with some frosted quartz g r a i n s in the middle p a r t ; buff. Many carbonaceous laminae in the upper and lower parts. Unfossiliferous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 (12) Limestone, finely crystalline, dark gray, 2 inches to 8 inches thick, containing s m a l l disseminated c r y s t a l s of calcite. Unfossiliferous. . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 (11) Limestone, fine grained, light gray, unfossiliferous . . . . ; . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 (10) Limestone, g r a n u l a r , d a r k buff to brown a t base to light buff-gray a t top. Lowest 3 inches has many carbonaceous laminae. Above this i s a band, 3 inches t o 4 inches thick, which contains molds of Pleurotrochus t r i c a r i n a t u s Grabau and of undescribed s p e c i e s of Loxonema,Murchisonia, Platyloron, Rhineoderma, Tropidodiscus and other g e n e r a of gastropods. Conocardium sibleyense L a Rocque, Diodontopteria e h l e r s i La Rocque and a few other pelecypods and cephalopods a r e associated with the gastropods. The gastropods and pelecypods a r e present above and below the 4 inch band but a r e l e s s abundant. Most of the unit i s characterized by a digitate Favosites and hemispherical and explanate stromatoporoids, in such abundance a s to form a biostrome. A s m a l l c o a r s e l y plicate Atrypa i s f a i r l y common in the biostrome. See P1. 1, Fig. 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 (9) Limestone, g r a n u l a r , buff, composed of finely comminuted shells, locally cross-bedded in lower part. Contains many quartz g r a i n s , especially in the cross-bedded p a r t . Unfossiliferous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4
0 4

8 0

16 Unit 2 (8) Limestone, fine grained, light buff with numerous carbonaceous laminae. Unfossilif e r o u s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 (7) Limestone, fine grained, grayish buff, separated into linear and wavy laminae by thin f i l m s of carbonaceous m a t t e r . Upper 3 inches h a s s m a l l a r e a s of d a r k g r a y limestone, some of which simulate pebbles. Many stylolites. Unfossilif erous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total thickness DETROIT RIVER GROUP - LUCAS DOLOMITE Exposed in q u a r r y wall Ft. In.

2
23'

.........

9"

Unit 15 (6) Dolomite, finely crystalline, light buff, banded in light and dark s h a d e s of t h i s color. Upper 4 inches has i r r e g u l a r gray bands of dolomitic limestone which a r e broken into angular fragments . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ft.

In.

...

F o r m e r l y exposed in s m a l l sump in floor of q u a r r y about one-fifth of a m i l e south of c r u s h e r . Sump now filled with r o c k and soil. Limestone, dolomitic, fine grained, light buff-gray, on weathering shows l a y e r s one-half t o four inches in thickness. Contains many s m a l l , irr e g u l a r m a s s e s of calcite. Stylolites present. Unfossiliferous . . . . . . . Limestone, dolomitic, c o a r s e r grained than unit 12, buff, with laminae of lighter and d a r k e r shades. Locally, the laminae a r e bent and fractured. Contains i r r e g u l a r l y shaped m a s s e s of crystalline calcite. Unfossiliferous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dolomite, exceedingly fine grained, light gray, on weathering shows mottling of pink o r black. Unfossiliferous. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dolomite, fine grained, laminated, light to dark buff, with i r r e g u l a r l y shaped m a s s e s of calcite. Angular fragments of dolomite locally p r e s e n t in middle of bed. Unfossiliferous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Limestone, dolomitic, fine grained, d a r k to light buff, with s o m e calcite geodes. B a s e not s e e n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Covered to unit 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Exposed in walls of c r u s h e r pit Limestone, dolomitic, m o r e dolomitic a t top and bottom, light buff-gray in lower p a r t grading t o buff in upper part, with vugs of calcite and numerous laminae of dark brown carbonaceous material; laminae d i s placed with faults of v e r y small throw; prominent stylolite, 3 inches in height, a t b a s e of unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Limestone, dolomitic, buff, finely crystalline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Limestone, dolomitic, light buff-gray to buff, finely crystalline . . . . . . . . Dolomite, light buff-gray with contorted light buff carbonaceous laminae in lower p a r t grading into very light gray in upper part; lower p a r t m o r e c r y s t a l l i n e than upper part; upper p a r t with local concentrations of numerous rhombohedra1 c r y s t a l s of calcite and few rounded g r a i n s of quartz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Limestone, v e r y dolomitic, light buff, finely crystalline, with disseminated s m a l l c r y s t a l s of calcite and bent and interrupted laminae of brownishblack carbonaceous material; lower 4 inches in l a y e r s one-quarter to one-half inch in thickness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Unit Dolomite, buff, crystalline, with black carbonaceous laminae and s c a t t e r e d g r a i n s of quartz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Limestone, light buff-gray, finely crystalline, with s m a l l s c a t t e r e d quartz, sand, brownish-black carbonaceous laminae, and stylolites. Thinner bedded than unit 1. Limestone apparently c o n s i s t s of comminuted fossils; few f r a g m e n t s of echinoderms and bryozoa recognizable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Limestone, dolomitic, v e r y light buff-gray grading downward into buff, porous, dolomite. Limestone h a s s m a l l vugs of calcite and few stylolites; dolomite contains a l a r g e r number of stylolites, P r o s s e r e l l a sp. and s m a l l , low s p i r e d gastropods. Water with hydrogen sulphide i s s u e s f r o m s t r a t a below b a s e of unit in bottom of c r u s h e r pit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total thickness
3

Ft. 0

In.

6 3"

.........

51'

T h e only other exposure of the Dundee limestone in southeastern Michigan i s in the abandoned Christiancy q u a r r y in the floodplain of Macon C r e e k about 2 m i l e s northeast of Dundee. S h e r z e r (1900, p. 75) described over 20 f e e t of beds exposed i n this q u a r r y in 1900. Since that t i m e a l l except the upper few f e e t and the surrounding dump piles have been covered with water. An extensive exposure of the formation i s p r e s e n t in the q u a r r i e s n e a r Silica, Ohio. The lithologic c h a r a c t e r , thickness and m o r e common f o s s i l s of the Dundee limestone of the Silica region a r e given in the following description ( s e e Figs. 1-2 and Pl. 4, Figs. 1-12). Description of Dundee Limestone ("Columbus Limestone" of Ohio Geologists) Exposed in Silica, Lucas County, Ohio Region DUNDEE LIMESTONE Exposed in West Q u a r r y of F r a n c e Stone Company and South and North Q u a r r i e s of Medusa Portland Cement Company

Unit 11. Limestone, light bluish-gray, in beds 4 inches to 1 2 inches thick, with many f o s s i l s . Most c h a r a c t e r i s t i c f o s s i l of unit Productella spinulicosta Hall. Cyrtina sp. abundant in lower and upper p a r t of limestone. Unit a l s o cont a i n s B r e v i s p i r i f e r lucasensis (Stauffer), an excellent guide fossil, found a l s o in the Dundee of northeastern Michigan and southwestern Ontario, Atrypa costata Bassett, other brachiopods, Hexagonaria sp., Favosites sp. and bryozoa. .................................. 10. Limestone, bluish-gray to brownish-gray, with few fossils. Most c h a r a c t e r i s t i c f o s s i l of unit P a r a c y c l a s proavia (Goldfuss). Cyrtina sp. abundant in lenses. Atrypa costata Bassett a l s o p r e s e n t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9. Limestone, gray, with many f o s s i l s . Sulcoretepora sp. and other cryptostomatous bryozoa c h a r a c t e r i s t i c of unit. Some l a y e r s in upper p a r t filled with a s p e c i e s of Cyrtina. Phenacocyclas sp. cf. P. & LaRocque, Conocardium cuneus (Conrad) and Favosites sp. a l s o present . . . . . . . . . . 8. Limestone, bluish-gray to brownish-gray, in l a y e r s 6 inches to 12 inches thick. Cyrtina sp. p r e s e n t in l e n s e s in upper 2 feet. Atrypa c o s t a t a Bassett also present . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7. Limestone, brownish-gray to brown, v e r y fossiliferous. Favosites sp. cf. F. turbinatus Billizgs v e r y common . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ft.

In.

5
3

6 6

Units 1 t o 6 exposed in rock cut in e a s t wall of West Q u a r r y of F r a n c e Stone Company about one-fifth m i l e north of Sylvania Avenue.

Unit
6. Limestone, dolomitic, light buff-gray, uneven-bedded, in beds 6 inches to 8 inches in thickness; lighter in color than unit 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5. Limestone, dolomitic, buff-gray, finely crystalline, in beds about 1 foot in thickness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4. Limestone, dolomitic, buff-gray, with many c h e r t nodules 2 inches to 8 inches thick. Nodules contain many specimens of trochiliscids, brachiopods, Tentaculites s c a l a r i f o r m i s Hall, and ostracods. Specimens of B r e v i s p i r i f e r l u c a s e n s i s (Stauffer) and Glyptodesma erectum (Conrad) a r e l e s s abundant, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. Limestone, dolomitic, light t o buff-gray, in beds 6 inches to 1 8 inches in thickness; few c h e r t nodules in upper 5 feet with Atrypa elegans -Grabau and other f o s s i l s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. Dolomite and dolomitic limestone, light buff-gray t o buff; dolomite composes m o s t of lower half of unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. Covered in l a r g e part. Between the end of the rock cut in the e a s t wall of the West Q u a r r y of the F r a n c e Stone Company and the contact between the Dundee limestone and the underlying Anderdon limestone about 35 feet west of Centennial Road a r e discontinuous field exposures of weathered buff dolomite, the lower beds of which contain c h e r t . Probably most of the covered interval c o n s i s t s of dolomite o r dolomitic limestone. T h e c h e r t contains few f r a g m e n t a r y crinoid columnals, gastropods and orthoconic cephalopods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ft. 3 9

In. 2 0

Total thickness

........

A comparison of t h e Dundee section a t Silica with the one a t Sibley shows that the formation i s thinning southward and that the lower beds have become dolomitic in northwestern Ohio.

SILICA FORMATION T h e name Silica s h a l e w a s proposed by G r a c e A. Stewart (1927, p. 5) f o r s h a l e s and thin, intercalated argillaceous limestones exposed in a q u a r r y excavated a few y e a r s previously by the Sandusky Cement Company. Intermittent exposures of the formation along Ten Mile C r e e k had been previously c a l l e d " T r a v e r s e " by Stauffer (1909, pp. 144-145) and other authors. The type locality f o r the formation is the aforementioned q u a r r y , now operated by the Medusa Portland Cement Company ( s e e South q u a r r y , Fig. 1). In 1927 only 23 feet of the formation was exposed, but l a t e r operations and d r i l l c o r e s r e v e a l e d a total of 45 f e e t of beds of this type of lithology underlain by 8 feet of bluish-gray limestone which i s somewhat argillaceous in i t s upper part. T h i s limestone, directly overlying the Dundee limestone, was given the provisional name "Blue" limestone by J. E. C a r m a n in B a s s e t t (1935, p. 437) and in Stewart (1938, pp. 6-7). Because the fauna of the "Blue" limestone i s s i m i l a r to that of the overlying s h a l e s and intercalated limestones, the authors, a f t e r a field conference with D r s . Carman and Stewart, have dropped the name "Blue" limestone and have extended the name Silica formation to include the e n t i r e 53 f e e t of beds above the Dundee limestone. T h e lithologic c h a r a c t e r , thickness and m o r e common f o s s i l s of the Silica formation a r e given i n the following description ( s e e Figs. 1-2 and P l s . 4-5). Description of Silica Formation Exposed in Silica, L u c a s County, Ohio Region SILICA FORMATION Exposed in South Q u a r r y of Medusa Portland Cement Company ( s e e P1. 2, Fig. 3). Unit 25. "Cement Rock" (argillaceous limestone)--noted in d r i l l c o r e s Ft.
In.

. . . . . . . . . .

19 Unit 24. Limestone, very argillaceous, gray, containing s c a t t e r e d m a r c a s i t e ; on weathering, rock b r e a k s into s m a l l angular fragments. Unit contains cryptostomatous and trepostomatous bryozoa, an auloporid, Stropheodonta sp. and Mucrospirifer s p. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23. Limestone, argillaceous, lighter gray than units 20? 21, and 22, h a r d e r than overlying limestone, grading into overlying and underlying units, and having numerous specimens of Leiorhynchus kelloggi Hall and s o m e specimens of Mucrospirifer sp. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22. Limestone, argillaceous, d a r k gray, with Chonetes sp., Leiorhynchus kelloggi Hall, Mucrospirifer sp., and other f o s s i l s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21. Limestone, slightly argillaceous, dark gray, h a r d e r than units 22 and 20, containing much m a r c a s i t e and numerous large tubed auloporids . . . . . . . . 20. Limestone, argillaceous, d a r k gray, containing Stropheodonta sp. and few auloporids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19. Limestone, argillaceous, gray, hard, containing Leiorhynchus kelloggi Hall, Mucrospirifer sp., and Stropheodonta sp. Base of limestone contains low discontinuous ridges s i m i l a r to those a t b a s e of unit 14. . . . . . . . . . . 18. Covered - noted in d r i l l c o r e s a s shale; upper 2 feet, bluish-gray shale with pyrite nodules, exposed in ditch beside road a t south end of South Quarry of Medusa Portland Cement Company . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17. Limestone, very argillaceous, dark gray, containing an abundance of (Conrad) and a s m a l l e r number of Leiorhynchus sp., Ambocoelia umbonata Rhipidomella sp., and Mucrospirifer sp. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16. Limestone, argillaceous, gray, grading into unit 17 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15. Shale, gray, containing many specimens of Mucrospirifer sp. . . . . . . . . . . . 14. Limestone, argillaceous, d a r k gray. Top of limestone contains many specimens of Rhipidomella sp. B a s e of limestone has discontinuous, low ridges of calcareous m a t e r i a l containing numerous crinoidal columnals and a s m a l l e r number of fragments of other fossils; r i d g e s a r e 1 to 2 inches in width and one-half t o t h r e e - q u a r t e r s of an inch in height. Base of limestone a l s o has discontinuous strap-like ridges of argillaceous m a t e r i a l containing few fragments of fossils; the ridges average one-half inch in t h i c k - e s ~ ness. The two types of ridges intersect each other in a haphazard manner. At some places they underlie o r overlie each other and a t other places cut through each other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13. Shale, dark gray, containing Arthroacantha c a r p e n t e r i (Hinde), Gilbertsocrinus ohioensis Stewart, Euryocrinus ? laddii Stewart, undescribed g e n e r a and s p e c i e s of crinoids, and two s p e c i e s of blastoids. The shale contains many well p r e s e r v e d echinoderms only where it r e s t s on the limestone of unit 12; i t has comminuted echinoderms a t other places in the q u a r r y where unit 12 i s represented by a shale. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12. Limestone, argillaceous, gray, containing many cryptostomatous bryozoa and constituting a lens. The lens i s exposed in q u a r r y wall for a distance of about 40 feet about one-tenth of a mile south of Brint Road. Elsewhere in the q u a r r y the lens i s represented by shale. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11. Shale, gray, breaking into angular fragments on weathering. Unit contains many specimens of Chonetes sp. and ostracods, few f r a g m e n t s of Rhinocaris sp. and v e r y few values of a P a r a s p i r i f e r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10. Limestone, argillaceous, gray, containing cryptostomatous bryozoa in abundance. The m o s t c h a r a c t e r i s t i c bryozoa a r e Acanthoclema ohioensis McNair, Helopora inexspectata McNair, Streblotrypa anomala McNair, and Sulcoretepora deissi McNair. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9. Shale, bluish-gray with variously shaped concretionary m a s s e s of pyrite and many pyritized fossils; s t r a t a 2 to 6 inches in thickness. Shale weathers to a clay which becomes sticky when wet. Mucrospirifer prolificus Ft. In.

20 1 1

20 Unit (Stewart) and P a r a s p i r i f e r bownockeri (Stewart) a r e two common species, s h e l l s of which a r e very numerous in the lower 1 foot of unit. Most of the f o s s i l s described f r o m the Silica shale come from this unit. . . . . . . . . . . 8. Limestone, argillaceous, bluish-gray, relatively hard, containing considerable pyrite and many pyritized fossils; limestone grades into s h a l e of unit 9. The most abundant f o s s i l is Mucrospirifer prolificus (Stewart). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7. Shale, calcareous, bluish-gray and v e r y fossiliferous; many fossils worn by wave action a t t i m e of burial. Protoleptostrophia sp. and Stropheodonta sp. a r e abundant; Hercostrophia robusta Williams is r a r e and known only from t h i s unit; a l a r g e species of Atrypa is abundant in lower 1 foot of unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ft. In.

Exposed in West Quarry of France Stone Company and South and North Q u a r r i e s of Medusa Portland Cement Company Units 1 to 6 inclusive have been designated the "Blue" limestone by Doctor J. E. C a r m a n (see C. F. B a s s e t t , 1935, p. 437 and G r a c e A. Stewart, 1938, pp. 6-7). As the result of a recent field conference, Doctors Carman, Stewart, and the authors of this guide have concluded that the "Blue" limestone should be included in the Silica formation. The lower and upper boundaries of the "Blue" limestone have been shown in Fig. 1 in o r d e r that this part of the Silica formation may be readily recognized in the field. 6. Limestone, argillaceous, bluish-gray, shaly a t top and bottom. Many specimens of a l a r g e Atrypa sp. and a s m a l l e r number of simple c o r a l s , Athyris, Mucrospirifer sp. and other s p i r i f e r i d s , Schizophoria sp., Lophonychia cordata Stewart, Limoptera sp., other pelecypods, P l a t y c e r a s sp. and trepostomatous bryozoa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5. Limestone, bluish-gray, crystalline and argillaceous a t top, containing a l a r g e number of Heterophrentis sp. and other simple c o r a l s , a s m a l l e r number of compound t e t r a c o r a l s and tabulate c o r a l s , and numerous specimens of Cyrtina sp., Spinocyrtia sp. and other brachiopods; Lophonychia cordata Stewart at top of unit; weathers brown . . . . . . . . . . 4. Limestone, v e r y argillaceous, weathering to clay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. Limestone, bluish-gray, weathers brown. Unit contains Hexagonaria (Whitfield). H. tabulata Stumm. numerous s i m ~ l e t e t r a c o r a l s and tabulate c o r a l s , and many specimens of Atrypa sp., Cyrtina sp., Stropheodonta and s p i r i f e r i d s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. Limestone, bluish-gray to brownish-gray, containing Favosites sp. and s o m e l a r g e Chonetes coronatus (Conrad) a t base . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. Limestone, bluish-gray, containing many specimens of Chonetes coronatus (Conrad) and Tropidoleptus carinatus (Conrad) associated with Atrypa sp., Megastrophia sp., Protoleptostrophia sp., a few s p i r i f e r i d s , P a r a c y c l a s sp. and Gosselettia triquetra (Conrad) . . . . . . . . .

anna

0 3

I '

1 0

0
10

Total thickness

........

54' 8 " ,

- 54' 10:"

The r e c o r d s of many wells drilled f o r oil in southeastern Michigan show a northward continuation of s e v e r a l units of the Silica formation exhibited in the q u a r r i e s near Silica. ~ e c o r t i s of deep wells in the Detroit region indicate that the Silica formation i s thicker than a t Silica and that s o m e of the limestones a t Silica have graded into shales. TEN MILE CREEK DOLOMITE T h e Ten Mile C r e e k dolomite was named by J. E. Carman f o r exposures along Ten Mile Creek in the SE. s e e . 19, Sylvania township, Lucas County, Ohio (Stewart, 1938, p. 6).

T h e lithologic character and thickness of the beds of this formation a r e given in the following description by permission of J. E. Carman. See Map 1 and Fig. 2. Description of Ten Mile Creek Dolomite Exposed Along Ten Mile C r e e k in the SE. f Section 19, Sylvania Township About T h r e e - q u a r t e r s of a Mile South of Sylvania Avenue and Points Along C r e e k Between One-quarter Mile and Slightly L e s s Than One-half Mile West of Centennial Road. ( F r o m manuscript of J. E. Carman) TEN MILE CREEK DOLOMITE

Unit Bluish-gray, fine-grained dolomite in a f i r m ledge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Exposed about 150 r o d s west of t h e e a s t line of the section n e a r the bend of the c r e e k , being the highest and most western rock exposures along Ten Mile Creek. The stone contains pyrite nodules which a r e r a t h e r abundant in the upper p a r t and s o m e s m a l l calcite pockets. On weathering the pyrite nodules give the stone a rusty appearance and ultimately weather out, producing a moderately uneven surface. D a r k bluish-gray, fine-grained dolomite becoming argillaceous upward . . . . . In the upper part is a v e r y abundant c o r a l fauna. Dark bluish-gray, fine grained to d e n s e dolomite in a f i r m ledge . . . . . . . . Brown carbonaceous, shaly dolomite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The upper 2" i s black, carbonaceous, slightly calcareous shale. Dark gray to drab, finely crystalline limestone in two l a y e r s . . . . . . . . . . Bluish-gray, crystalline dolomite with s o m e brown, argillaceous partings and much c h e r t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unevenly bedded below; m o r e evenly bedded above. Blue shale and shaly dolomite. Estimated thickness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Poorly exposed in c r e e k bank but p r e s e n t on the dump, f r o m dredging of the creek. F i r m , bluish-gray, crystalline dolomite in uneven beds of 2" to 6" and containing c h e r t lenses. Estimated thickness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Poorly exposed along c r e e k f o r about 175 feet west of the 80-rod line fence. F i r m , light gray, crystalline dolomite with s o m e bluish gray, slightly argillaceous, irregularly-bedded limestone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Contains a number of s m a l l p y r i t e nodules. The top of this zone, dipping west, comes t o s t r e a m l e v e l a t the 80-rod line fence. Zones 6 to 1 a r e exposed along t h e south bank of the c r e e k , passing eastward from t h i s fence, rising 1' to 2 " above the c r e e k level. A few c h e r t nodules were s e e n in t h e s e zones but not in quantity a s f a r t h e r west. F i r m , gray, crystalline dolomite in l a y e r s of 2" t o 4" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . T h e r e i s a thin, shaly parting a t 1' 4" above the base. Contains a number of pyrite nodules and a few cup corals. Blue, argillaceous dolomite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F i r m , g r a y , crystalline dolomite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Blue, argillaceous dolomitic limestone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Brownish g r a y to drab, grainy to crystalline, somewhat laminated dolomitic limestone in l a y e r s of 2" to 4" ................... Total thickness

Ft.

In.

........

The top of the Ten Mile C r e e k dolomite i s not exposed along Ten Mile Creek. Wells in the a r e a indic a t e that the overlying, black, Upper Devonian, Ohio shale is p r e s e n t beneath the s u r f a c e a v e r y s m a l l distance west of the highest exposed bed of the Ten Mile C r e e k dolomite. OHIO AND ANTRIM SHALES The Ohio shale of northwestern Ohio i s about 100 feet in thickness. Its northward continuation i n Michigan, the Antrim s h a l e , i s 150 to 175 feet thick in the vicinity of Ann Arbor, Michigan ( s e e Map 1).

CORRELATION

ROCKS

BOIS BLANC FORMATION The Bois Blanc formation i s known in southeastern Michigan only from a study of rock cuttings f r o m deep borings ( s e e Landes, 1945). T h i s formation, the oldest Devonian formation of t h i s region, is well exposed in the Mackinac S t r a i t s region of northern Michigan. It i s c o r r e l a t e d with that p a r t of the Onondaga limestone of southwestern Ontario, New York, and other s t a t e s in the Appalachian region con(Hall), Eodevonaria a r c u a t a (Hall) and taining Amphigenia elongata (Vanuxem), Centronella ~ l a n s f a g e a Calymene platys Green. See Chart 2. It is possible that a p a r t of the Bois Blanc formation in southeastern Michigan may b e a sandstone now included in t h e b a s a l p a r t of the Sylvania sandstone. DETROIT RIVER GROUP The formations of the Detroit River group thin rapidly from the c e n t r a l p a r t of the Michigan basin to southeastern Michigan and northwestern Ohio; they w e r e deposited in a s e a which progressively t r a n s g r e s s e d on to the northwestern flank of t h e Cincinnati a r c h ( s e e Fig. 3). The Sylvania sandstone i s the initial deposit of the t r a n s g r e s s i v e Detroit River s e a . Much of the sand was worked by wind but most, probably all, w a s deposited in the sea. The Amherstburg dolomite in the Livingstone Channel of the Detroit River west of Amherstburg, Ontario, is a brown dolomite with molds of Zaphrentis c a r i n a t a (Sherzer and Grabau), Heterophrentis alternata (Sherzer and Grabau), P r o s s e r e l l a modestoides Sherzer and Grabau, Schuchertella a m h e r s t burgense Grabau, Stropheodonta homalostriata S h e r z e r and Grabau, 2. vasculosa S h e r z e r and Grabau and Spirifer s u b m e r s u s S h e r z e r and Grabau. At C u m m i n ' s q u a r r y and the q u a r r i e s n e a r Silica, the Amherstburg i s a g r a y to buff-gray dolomite with s o m e quartz sand and contains specimens of most of the s p e c i e s found in the formation a t the Livingstone Channel. Amherstburg f o s s i l s have been found in the sandstone recorded a s Sylvania sandstone in the q u a r r y n e a r Holland, Ohio ( s e e Carman, 1936, pp. 260-262). T h e authors of this paper believe that the Sylvania sandstone n e a r Holland should be r e g a r d e d a s a n e a r - s h o r e sandy phase of the Amherstburg formation ( s e e Fig. 3). T h e Lucas dolomite i s the thickest formation of the Detroit River group in southeastern Michigan and northwestern Ohio and h a s the s a m e lithological c h a r a c t e r in both regions. The brachiopods P r o s s e r e l l a lucasi S h e r z e r and Grabau and g.planisinosa S h e r z e r and Grabau and the gastropods Acanthonema holopiforme S h e r z e r and Grabau and Murchisonia subcarinata (Grabau) a r e excellent guide f o s s i l s f o r correlation of the Lucas s t r a t a in the two regions. T h e Anderdon limestone i s the thinnest formation of the Detroit River group. I t s p r e s e n c e in the q u a r r i e s n e a r Amherstburg, Ontario, Sibley, Michigan, and Silica, Ohio h a s been recognized by the o c c u r r e n c e of Conocardium sibleyense LaRocque and s e v e r a l s m a l l undescribed s p e c i e s of gastropods in the s t r a t a of t h e s e q u a r r i e s ( s e e E h l e r s , 1950, pp. 1455-1456). DUNDEE LIMESTONE The Dundee limestone of southeastern Michigan contains Atrypa elegans, Grabau, B r e v i s p i r i f e r l u c a s e n s i s (Stauffer), and other f o s s i l s which a r e limited to this formation. T h e s e s p e c i e s a r e a l s o present in s t r a t a of northwestern Ohio previously assigned to the Columbus limestone, in s o m e s t r a t a of southwestern Ontario that have been erroneously mapped with the Onondaga limestone, and in the Dundee limestone that i s well exposed i n the l a r g e q u a r r y of the Michigan Limestone and Chemical Cornpany n e a r R o g e r s City, P r e s q u e I s l e County, in n o r t h e r n Michigan. The o c c u r r e n c e of Dundee f o s s i l s in the s t r a t a of a l l t h e s e regions indicates the widespread extent of the Dundee formation in the Michigan basin ( s e e C h a r t 2).

Antrim shale

Detroit River

C h a r t 2. Correlation of the Devonian r o c k s of New York, n o r t h e r n Michigan, and s o u t h e a s t e r n Michigan and northwestern Ohio.

The Dundee limestone i s faunally related to the Delaware limestone on the e a s t e r n s i d e of the Cincinnati a r c h and is c o r r e l a t e d with this limestone by the authors of this paper and by G. Arthur Cooper and a s s o c i a t e s (1942, p. 1754). S t r a t a of Columbus age may be p r e s e n t in the Michigan basin although no r o c k s of this age have been s e e n in outcrops beneath the Dundee limestone in northern Michigan, southeastern Michigan and northw e s t e r n Ohio. At t h e s e places the Dundee r e s t s disconformably on beds of the Detroit River group. T h e Columbus limestone, which is well exposed on the southeastern s i d e of the Cincinnati arch, i s now known a s f a r north a s the Ingersoll, Ontario region about 19 m i l e s e a s t of London, Ontario ( s e e E h l e r s and Stumm, 1951). Only the highest p a r t of the Columbus limestone, which w a s deposited in a northw a r d t r a n s g r e s s i n g s e a , i s represented in this a r e a . Near Ingersoll the Columbus contains the -s p i r i f e r acuminatus zone, which i s a l s o p r e s e n t in the "upper" Onondaga of western New York ( s e e C h a r t 2). In the exposures n e a r Ingersoll, the Columbus consists of a b a s a l sandstone and overlying beds of limestone with a considerable quantity of sand, indicating that this region w a s not f a r distant f r o m the s h o r e - l i n e of the Columbus s e a . The aforementioned observations would s e e m to indicate that t h e Columbus s e a was p r e s e n t only on the southeastern s i d e of the Cincinnati a r c h in Ohio and southw e s t e r n Ontario. In the c e n t r a l p a r t of the Michigan basin the upper p a r t of the Detroit River group of the petroleum geologists contains evaporite deposits having a maximum thickness of approximately 1100 feet. P r o s s e r e l l a planisinosa S h e r z e r and Grabau, which o c c u r s n e a r the top of the Lucas dolomite in the outcrop a r e a of southeastern Michigan, h a s a l s o been found in c o r e s f r o m a dolomite having a position below the evaporites. Landes (1951, pp. 2, 3 , 19) h a s assigned the evaporites to the Lucas formation but h a s s t a t e d that they "may be the t i m e equivalent of the Columbus limestone." SILICA FORMATION T h e Silica formation c o r r e l a t e s with the p a r t of the T r a v e r s e group occupying a position between the b a s e of the Bell s h a l e and the top of the F e r r o n Point formation (see C h a r t 2). The b a s a l calcareous b e d s of the Silica formation, units 1 to 6, the "Blue" limestone, contain the t e t r a c o r a l Hexagonaria anna (Whiffield), which is a l s o p r e s e n t in the upper Bell shale, the Rockport Q u a r r y limestone, and the b a s a l p a r t of the F e r r o n Point formation of the T r a v e r s e group of Michigan. P r o c t e r i a cornu Stumm f r o m t h e s h a l e of unit 7 of the Silica formation a l s o o c c u r s in the upper p a r t of t h e Bell shale. Mucrospirifer prolificus (Stewart) i s p r e s e n t in the Silica formation between units 7 and 1 7 and in the upper p a r t of the Bell s h a l e and lower p a r t of the F e r r o n Point formation. Phacops m i l l e r i Stewart of the Silica formation is a l s o found in the s h a l e s of the Bell and F e r r o n Point formations. Specimens of Helopora inexpectata McNair and Streblotrypa anomala McNair a r e abundant in unit 1 0 of the Silica formation and t h e F e r r o n Point formation. In the upper p a r t of the Silica formation, units 19-25, the presence of Leiorhynchus kelloggi Hall and arkonense (Shimer and Grabau) indicate that these beds a r e closely related to M u c r o s p i r i f e r sp. cf. g. the Plum Brook s h a l e of north-central Ohio and the Arkona shale of southwestern Ontario. Mucros p i r i f e r sp. cf. h/I. arkonense has been found in beds just below the top of the F e r r o n Point shale in n o r t h e r n Michigan. TEN MILE CREEK DOLOMITE T h e s t r a t a of the Ten Mile Creek dolomite containing "Strombodes" alpenensis Rominger and Callipleura nobilis (Hall) have been c o r r e l a t e d with the Centerfield limestone m e m b e r of the Ludlowville formation of New York, the Four Mile Dam formation of northern Michigan, and the Hungry Hollow f o r m a t i o n of southwestern Ontario by G. Arthur Cooper and a s s o c i a t e s (1942, p. 1785 and correlation c h a r t ) . See C h a r t 2. T h e a u t h o r s of t h i s paper believe that the s t r a t a from which the above-mentioned f o s s i l s w e r e r e p o r t e d probably a r e in the lower p a r t of the Ten Mile Creek dolomite. A detailed study of the f o s s i l s of the upper p a r t of the Ten Mile Creek dolomite may show that this formation contains s t r a t a younger than the Centerfield limestone and i t s c o r r e l a t i v e s .

SELECTED REFERENCES
1. B a s s e t t , C. F. 1935. Stratigraphy and paleontology of the Dundee limestone of southeastern Michigan: Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer., vol. 46, pp. 425-462, 7 pls. 2. B a s s l e r , R. S. 1939. The Hederelloidea, a suborder of Paleozoic cyclostomatous Bryozoa: P r o c . U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 87, pp. 25-91, 16 pls. 3. C a r m a n , J. E. 1922. Some s u b - s u r f a c e r o c k channels and cavities filled with glacial material: Ohio Jour. Sci., vol. 22, no. 5, pp. 125-128. . 1927. The Monroe division of r o c k s in Ohio: Jour. Geology, vol. 35, no. 6, pp. 481-506. 4. 5. - and Stout, W. 1934. Relationship of accumulation and porosity in t h e Lima-Indiana field: P r o b l e m s of Petroleum Geology, pp. 521-529. 6. C a r m a n , J. E. 1936. Sylvania sandstone of northwestern Ohio: Bull. Geol. SOC.Amer., V O ~ .47, pp. 253-266, 1 pl., 5 figs. 7. Cohee, G. V., and Underwood, L. B. 1945. Lithology and thickness of the Dundee formation and the R o g e r s City limestone in t h e Michigan basin: U.S. Geol. Surv., Oil and G a s Investigations, P r e l i m i n a r y Map. 38. 8. Cohee, G. V. 1947. Lithology and t h i c k n e s s of the T r a v e r s e group in the Michigan basin: U. S. Geol. Surv., Oil and Gas Investigations, P r e l i m i n a r y Chart 28. Macha, C., and Holk, M. 1951. Thickness and Lithology of Upper Devonian and Carboni9. , f e r o u s r o c k s in Michigan: U. S. Geol. Surv., Oil and G a s Investigations, C h a r t OC 41. 10. Cooper, G. A., et. al. 1942. Correlation of the Devonian sedimentary f o r m a t i o n s of North A m e r i c a : Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer., vol. 53, pp. 1729-1794. 11. Duncan, H. 1939. Trepostomatous Bryozoa f r o m the T r a v e r s e group of Michigan: Contr. Mus. Paleont., Univ. Mich., vol. 5, no. 10, pp. 171-270, 16 pls. 12. E h l e r s , G. M., and Cooley, M. E. 1927. Discovery of a Hamilton fauna in s o u t h e a s t e r n Michigan: Contr. Mus. Paleont., Univ. Mich., vol. 2, no. 13, pp. 231-236. 13. E h l e r s , G. M. 1945. Geology of t h e Mackinac S t r a i t s region: Mich. Geol. Surv., Publ. 44, Geol. S e r . 37, pp. 21-120. 14. , 1950. Revised classification of the Middle Devonian Detroit River group (abst.): Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer., vol. 61, no. 12, pt. 2, pp. 1455-1456. 15. and Stumm, E. C. 1951. Middle Devonian Columbus limestone n e a r Ingersoll, Ontario, Canada: Bull. Amer. Assoc. P e t r o l . Geologists, vol. 35, no. 8, pp. 1879-1888. 16. Gilbert, G. K. 1871. Geology of L u c a s County, Ohio: Ohio Geol. Surv., vol. 1, pt. 1, pp. 573-587. 17. Grabau, A. W., and S h e r z e r , W. H. 1910. The Monroe formation of s o u t h e r n Michigan and adjoining regions: Mich. Geol. and Biol. Surv., Publ. 2, Geol. Ser. 1 , pp. 1-248, 32 pls. 18. Grabau, A. W. 1913. P r e l i m i n a r y r e p o r t on the fauna of the Dundee limestone: Mich. Geol. and Biol. Surv., Publ. 12, Geol. Ser. 9, pp. 327-338. 19. Landes, K. K. 1945a. The Salina and B a s s Island r o c k s in the Michigan basin: U. S. Geol. Surv., Oil and G a s Investigations, P r e l i m i n a r y Map 40. 1945 b. Geology and o i l and g a s possibilities of Sylvania and B o i s Blanc f o r m a t i o n s in 20. . Michigan: U. S. Geol. Surv., Oil and G a s Investigations, P r e l i m i n a r y Map 28. 21. . 1945c. Geology of t h e Mackinac S t r a i t s region: Mich. Geol. Surv., Publ. 44, Geol. Ser. 37, pp. 121-195. 22. . 1951. Detroit River group in the Michigan basin: U . S. Geol. Surv., C i r c u l a r 133, pp. 1-23. 23. Lane, A. C. 1895. The geology of lower Michigan with r e f e r e n c e to deep borings: Mich. Geol. Surv., vol. 5, pt. 2, pp. 25-26. 24. Lane, A. C., P r o s s e r , C. R., S h e r z e r , W. H., and Grabau, A. W. 1909. Nomenclature and subdivision of the Upper Siluric s t r a t a of Michigan, Ohio, and Western New York: Bull. Geol. SOC. A m e r . , vol. 19, pp. 553-556. 25. LaRocque, A. 1950. P r e - T r a v e r s e Devonian pelecypods of Michigan: Contr. Mus. Paleont., Univ. Mich., vol. 7, no. 10, pp. 271-366.

26. Lockett, J. R. 1947. Development of s t r u c t u r e s in basin a r e a s in northeastern United States: Bull. Amer. Assoc. Petrol. Geologists, vol. 31, pp. 429-446. 27. McNair, A. H. 1937. Cryptostomatous Bryozoa from the T r a v e r s e group of Michigan: Contr. Mus. Paleont., Univ. Michigan, vol. 5, no. 9, pp. 103-170, 14 pls. 28. Meek, F. B. 1873. Descriptions of Invertebrate f o s s i l s of the Silurian and Devonian s y s t e m s : Ohio Geol. Surv., vol. 1, pt. 2, pp. 1-246. 29. Newberry, J. S. 1871. Report on the p r o g r e s s of the Geological Survey of Ohio in 1869: Ohio Geol. Surv. (Rept. of P r o g r e s s ) , pt. 1, pp. 3-53. 30. . 1873. The general geological relations and s t r u c t u r e of Ohio: Ohio Geol. Surv., vol. 1, pt. 1, pp. 50-167. 31. Newcombe, R. B. 1934. Structure and accumulation in the Michigan "basin" and i t s relation to the Cincinnati arch: P r o b l e m s of Petroleum Geology, pp. 531-556. 32. Nicholson, H. A. 1875. Descriptions of the c o r a l s of the Silurian and Devonian systems: Ohio Geol. Surv., vol. 2, pt. 2, pp. 181-268. 33. Orton, E. 1871. The geology of Highland County. Ohio Geol. Surv., Rept. Prog. 1870, pp. 253-310. 34. 1888. The geology of Ohio considered in i t s relation to petroleum and natural gas: Ohio Geol. Surv., vol. 6, pp. 1-59. 35. . 1893. Geological s c a l e and geological s t r u c t u r e of Ohio: Ohio Geol. Surv., vol. 7, pp. 3-44. 36. P i r t l e , G. W. 1932. Michigan s t r u c t u r a l basin and i t s relationship to surrounding a r e a s : Amer. Assoc. Petrol. Geologists, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 145-152. 37. P r o s s e r , C. S. 1903. The nomenclature of the Ohio geological formations: Jour. Geology, vol. 11, pp. 519-546. 38. Rominger, C. 1873. Geology of Lower Peninsula: Geol. Surv. Mich., vol. 3, pt. 1, pp. 23-37. 39. Sherzer, W. H. 1900. Geological r e p o r t on Monroe County, Michigan: Mich. Geol. Surv., vol. 7, pt. 1, pp. 1-240, 17 pls. 40. S h e r z e r , W. H. 1913. Geological r e p o r t on Wayne County, Michigan: Mich. Geol. & Biol. Surv., Publ. 12, Geol. Ser. 9, pp. 1-326, 22 pls. 41. S h e r z e r , W. H. and Grabau, A. W. 1908. A new Siluric fauna from Michigan: Science, new s e r . , vol. 27, p. 408. 42. . 1909. New Upper Silurian fauna f r o m Southern Michigan: Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer ., vol. 19, pp. 540-553. 43. Smith, R. A. 1916. Limestones of Michigan: Mich. Geol. & Biol. Surv., Publ. 21, Geol. Ser. 17, pp. 103-311. 44. 1938. Some new aspects of the Michigan basin (abst.): P r o c . Geol. Soc. Amer. f o r 1937, p. 326. 45. Stauffer, C. R. 1909. T h e Middle Devonian of Ohio: Geol. Surv. Ohio, 4th s e r . , Bull. 10, pp. 1-204, 17 pls. 1915. T h e Devonian of southwestern Ontario: Canada Dept. Mines, Geol. Surv. Mem. 34, 46. pp. 1-341. 1916. Relative age of the Detroit River s e r i e s : Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer., vol. 27, pp. 7247. 77, 3 pls. 48. 1918. Descriptions of some new s p e c i e s of Devonian fossils: Jour. Geology, vol. 26, no. 6, pp. 555-560, 3 pls. 49. Stewart, G. A. 1927. Fauna of the Silica shale of Lucas County, Ohio: Geol. Surv. Ohio, 4th s e r . , Bull. 32, pp. 1-76, 5 pls. 1930. Additional species from the Silica shale of Lucas County, Ohio: Ohio Jour. Sci., 50. vol. 30, no. 1 , pp. 52-58. 5 1. . 1933. A new pelecypod f r o m the Silica shale, Devonian of Ohio: Jour. Paleont., vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 178-180, 1 pl. 52. . 1936. Ostracodes of the Silica shale, Middle Devonian of Ohio: Jour. Paleont., vol. 10, no. 8, pp. 739-763, 3 pls. 53. Stewart, G. A. 1938. Middle Devonian C o r a l s of Ohio: Geol. Soc. Amer., Spec. P a p e r 8, pp. 1-120, 20 pls. 54. . 1940. Crinoids from the Silica shale, Devonian of Ohio: Ohio Jour. Sci., vol. 40, no. 2, pp. 53-59, 1 pl.

. .

Stumm, E. C. 1948. Lower Middle Devonian s p e c i e s of the t e t r a c o r a l genus Hexagonaria of e a s t c e n t r a l North America: Contr. Mus. Paleont., Univ. Mich., vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 7-49, 14 pls. . 1950. C o r a l s of the Devonian T r a v e r s e group of Michigan: P a r t 3, Antholites, Pleurodictyum, and P r o c t e r i a : Contr. Mus. Paleont., Univ. Mich., vol. 8, no. 8, pp. 205-220, 5 pls. Swann, D. H. 1947. The Favosites alpenensis lineage in the Middle Devonian T r a v e r s e group of Michigan: Contr. Mus. Paleont., Univ. Mich., vol. 6, no. 9, pp. 235-317, 17 pls. Wadsworth, M. E. 1893. Report of the State geologist f o r 1891-1892. Mich. Geol. Surv., Rept., pp. 51-57. Whitfield, R. P. 1891. Contributions to the paleontology of Ohio: Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., vol. 5, pp. 505-620; 1893, Ohio Geol. Surv., vol. 7, pp. 407-494. Winchell, N. H. 1874. Geology of Wood County, Ohio: Ohio Geol. Surv., vol. 2, pt. 1, pp. 368-386. . 1863. Geology of Wyandot County: Geol. Surv. Ohio, vol. 1, pt. 1 , pp. 625-639, 1 map. Williams, A. 1950. New stropheodontid brachiopods: J o u r . Wash. Acad. Sci., vol. 40, no. 9, pp. 277-281. Williams, M. Y. 1919. The Silurian geology and f a u n a s of Ontario Peninsula, and Manitoulin and adjacent islands: Canada Dept. Mines, Geol. Surv. Mem. 111, pp. 1-195, 34 pls.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE 3

AMHERSTBURG FOSSILS Figs. 1-3. Heterophrentis alternata (Sherzer and Grabau). 1 and 2, rubber c a s t and natural mold of calyx of a specimen from the Livingstone Channel; 3, mold of calyx of syntype from s a m e locality. X 1. Figs. 4-6. Zaphrentis carinata (Sherzer and Grabau). 4, c a s t of cardinal quadrants of calyx of syntype; 5, natural mold of calyx of s a m e specimen; 6 , rubber c a s t of entire calyx of s a m e specimen, Livingstone Channel. X 1. Fig. 7. Stroplleodonta homolostriata Sherzer and Grabau. External mold of d o r s a l valve, Livingstone Channel. X 1. Figs. 8-9. P r o s s e r e l l a modestoides Sherzer and Grabau. Front and s i d e views of ventral valve of syntype, Oakwood salt shaft of International Salt Company. X 1. Figs. 10-11. P r o s s e r e l l a depressa Grabau. Front and side views of internal mold of ventral valve of syntype, Livingstone Cha.nne1. X 1. Figs. 12-14. Stropheodonta vasculosa S h e r z e r and Grabau. 12, c a s t f r o m natural mold of interior of ventral valve of syntype, Livingstone Channel. X 1; 13, natural mold of exterior of a d o r s a l valve from s a m e locality. X 2; 14, c a s t from 11101d of exterior of d o r s a l valve of syntype from s a m e locality. X 1. e ~ s ~ ~ and Grabau. View of c a s t from natural mold of exterior of d o r s a l valve of syntype f r o m Livingstone Fig. 15. ' ~ S p i r i f ~ " s u ~ m Sherzer Channel. X 2. LUCAS FOSSILS Fig. 16. Acanthonema . . .holnpiforme . -. Sherzer and Grabau. View of c a s t s from external molds of syntypes f r o m Gibralter q u a r r y . X 4. Fig. 1 7 . Murchisonia subcarinata (Grabau). View of c a s t from external mold of syntype from Gibralter quarry. X 2. lucasi - S h e r z e r and Grabau. Side and front views of internal mold of ventral valve of syntype f r o m Patrick quarry. X 1. P r o s s e r -e l l a -. Figs. 18-19. -Fig. 20. P r os s ere ll a planisinosa - Sherzer and Grabau. Front view of internal mold of d o r s a l valve about 7-8 feet below top of formation; f r o m d r i l l c o r e , 1 mile west of Oakwood s a l t shaft. X 1.
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ANDERDON FOSSILS Fig. 21. Fig. 22. Fig. 23. Fig. 24. Figs. 25, Fig. 26. Fig. 28. Fig. 29. Platyloron sp. View of c a s t from external mold of a specimen f r o m unit 4, Sibley quarry. X 4. Murchisonia sp. View of c a s t from external mold of a specimen from unit 4, Sibley q u a r r y . X 4. Tropidodiscus sp. View of c a s t from external mold of a specimen from unit 1 of East Quarry of F r a n c e Stone Company, Silica, Ohio. X 4. ~ o x o n e m a KView of c a s t f r o m external mold of a specimen from Sibley q u a r r y . X 4. 27. Rhineoderma sp. Views of two c a s t s from external molds of two specimens from unit 4, Sibley quarry. X 4. Pleurotrochus t r i c a r i n a t u s Grabau. View of c a s t from external mold of specimen from unit 4, Sibley quarry. X 5. Conocardium sibleyense LaRocque. View of c a s t of right valve of paratype from unit 4, Sibley q u a r r y . X 5. Diodontopteria e h l e r s i LaRocque. View of c a s t of left valve of paratype from unit 4, Sibley q u a r r y . X 2.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE 4

DUNDEE FOSSILS Figs. 1-3. Brevispirifer lucasensis (Stauffer). Dorsal, side, and ventral views of a specimen from Whitehouse q u a r r y , Lucas County, Ohio. X 1. Figs. 4-7. Atrypa costata Bassett. Dorsal, side, ventral, and anterior views of holotype from unit 11 (25 of Bassett), Sibley quarry. X 1. Figs. 8-11. Atrypa elegans Grabau. Dorsal, side, ventral, and anterior views of neoparatype f r o m unit 10 (24 of Bassett), Sibley q u a r r y . X I. Fig. 12. Rhipidomella variabilis Grabau. View of d o r s a l valve of neoholotype from Sibley quarry. X 1. SILICA FOSSILS Figs. 13-14. -Mucrospirifer prolificus (Stewart). Ventral and d o r s a l views of a specimen from the South Quarry of the Medusa Portland Cement Company. X 1. Fig. 15. Phacops m i l l e r i Stewart. Side view of enrolled specimen from s a m e locality. X 1. Figs. 16-17. P r o c t e r i a cornu Stumm. Distal and side views of holotype from d r i l l hole a t Cone, Monroe County, Michigan. X 2. Figs. 18-20. Ambocoelia umbonata (Conrad). Ventral, side, and d o r s a l views of a specimen from unit 17 of the South Quarry of Medusa Portland Cement Company, Silica, Ohio. X 2. Figs. 21-22. Leiorhynchus kelloggi Hall. Dorsal and ventral views of a specimen from unit 23 of s a m e locality. X 1. Figs. 23-24. Hercostrophia robusta Williams. Exterior and interior of ventral valve of a specimen f r o m unit 7 of s a m e locality. X 2. Fig. 25. P a r a s p i r i f e r bownockeri (Stewart). View of d o r s a l valve of a specimen from unit 9 of the s a m e locality. X 1. Figs. 26, 29. Arthroacantha carpenteri (Hinde). 26, s i d e view of calyx of specimen with P l a t y c e r a s sp. attached; 29, two specimens with attached a r m s ; a l l from unit 13 of s a m e locality. X 1. Figs. 27-28. Gilbertsocrinus ohioensis Stewart. 27, view of tegmen showing anal a r e a ; 28, view of posterior s i d e of calyx of s a m e specimen, from unit 13 of s a m e locality. X 1. Fig. 30. Euryocrinus ? K i Stewart. Side view of specimen with attached a r m s and column, from unit 13 of s a m e locality. X 1. -

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EXPLANATION OF PLATE 5

SILICA FOSSILS Fig. 1. Stropheodonta d e m i s s a (Conrad). View of v e n t r a l valve of a s p e c i m e n f r o m unit 7 of t h e South Q u a r r y of t h e Medusa P o r t l a n d C e m e n t Company, S i l i c a , Ohio. X 1. Fig. 2. z e t e s c o r o n a t u s (Conrad). View of v e n t r a l valve of a s p e c i m e n f r o m unit 9 of the s a m e locality. X 1. Fig. 3 . R l ~ i p i d o m e l l asp. View of d o r s a l valve of a s p e c i m e n f r o m unit 14 of the s a m e locality. X 1. Fig. 4. Atryp? sp. View of v e n t r a l valve of a s p e c i m e n f r o m unit 7 of t h e same locality. X 1. Fig. 5. Tropidoleptus c a r i n a t u s (Conrad). View of v e n t r a l v a l v e of a s p e c i m e n f r o m t h e s a m e locality. X 1. Fig. 6. Chonetes f r a g l l i s Stewart. View of v e n t r a l valve of a s p e c i m e n f r o m unit 9 of t h e s a m e locality. X 1. (Whitfield). na F i g s . 7-9. H e x + g ~ ~ z r i g ~ a n 7, d i s t a l s u r f a c e of a p a r a t y p e f r o m unit 3 of the s a m e locality. X 1; 8, t r a n s v e r s e s e c t i o n of lectotype f r o m Antwerp, Pauldirig County, Ohio. X 2; 9, longitudinal section of s a m e specimen. X 2. F i g s . 10-12. Hexagonaria tabulata Stuinm. 10, d i s t a l s u r f a c e of holotype f r o m Whitehouse q u a r r y , L u c a s Co., Ohio. X 1; 11, t r a n s v e r s e section of a p a r a t y p e f r o m the s a m e locality. X 2; 12, longitudinal s e c t i o n of the s a m e s p e c i m e n . X 2. Figs. 13-14. Lophonychia c o r d a t a Stewart. 13, view of r i g h t valve f r o m unit 5 of tile South Q u a r r y of the Medusa P o r t l a n d C e m e n t Company, Silica, Ohio. X 1; 14, a n t e r i o r view of s a m e s p e c i m e n . X 1. Fig. 15. G o s s e l e t t i a t ~ ! q u e t r a (Conrad). View of i n t e r n a l mold of r i g h t valve of a s p e c i m e n f r o m unit 1 of t h e North Q u a r r y of the Medusa P o r t l a n d C e m e n t Company, Silica, Ohio. X 1. Fig. 16. Acanthoclema ohioense . . . .. - - McNair. Side view of holotype f r o m unit 10 of South Q u a r r y of t h e Medusa P o r t l a n d C e m e n t Company, Silica, Ohio. X 10. F i g s . 17-19. H&opopinexspectata McNair. 17, s i d e view of holotype f r o m F e r r o n Point f o r m a t i o n , q u a r r y of t h e K e l l e y ' s Island L i m e and T r a n s p o r t Company, Rockport, Alpena County, Michigan. X 10. T h e s a m e s p e c i e s i s abundant in unit 10 of t h e Silica formation; 18, s i d e view of a p a r a t y p e frorn the F e r r o n Point f o r m a t i o n , abandoned q u a r r y on s h o r e of Black L a k e , one-half m i l e w e s t of Onaway, P r e s q u e I s l e County, Michigan. X 10; 19, end view of s a m e s p e c i m e n showing double socket. X 10. Fig. 20. S -~ tr --e b l o t r y p a a n o m a l a M c N a i r . Side view of p a r a t y p e f r o m unit 10 of the South Q u a r r y of t h e M e d u s a P o r t l a n d C e m e n t Company, Silica, Ohio. X 10. F i g s . 21-22. -S u l c o r e t e p o r a d e i s s i McNair. 21, s i d e view of holotype f r o m unit 10 of s a m e locality. X 1; 22, s a m e s p e c i m e n . X 5.
-~ - -~ -~ ~--

ITINERARY
Leave Bagley Street entrance of Statler Hotel, Detroit, Michigan a t 8:00 A.M., Wednesday, November 7, 1951. Stop 1. Solvay P r o c e s s Company q u a r r y a t Sibley. Formations exposed a r e the Lucas dolomite, Anderdon limestone, and Dundee limestone. Stop 2. Michigan Silica Company quarry, 1 mile southeast of Rockwood, Michigan. Formation exposed i s the Sylvania sandstone. Stop 3. Luncheon at noon a t the Stork's Nest on north side of Bancroft Street, seven-tenths mile e a s t of Centennial Road and 2 m i l e s south of Sylvania Avenue. Stop 4. Abandoned q u a r r y of Toledo Stone and Glass Sand Company n e a r Silica, Ohio. See Figure 1. Formation exposed i s the Sylvania sandstone. Stop 5. P a r t of East Quarry of France Stone Company south of Sylvania Avenue. See Figure 1. Formations exposed a r e the Sylvania sandstone, Amherstburg dolomite, L u c a s dolomite and Anderdon limestone. Stop 6. E a s t wall of East Q u a r r y of F r a n c e Stone Company near B r i n t Road. See Figure 1. Formations exposed a r e the Sylvania sandstone, Amherstburg dolomite, and Lucas dolomite. Stop 7. West wall of s a m e q u a r r y about one-half mile south of Brint Road. See F i g u r e 1. Formations exposed a r e the Lucas dolomite and Anderdon limestone. Stop 8. E a s t wall of West Q u a r r y of F r a n c e Stone Company about one-tenth m i l e north of Sylvania Avenue. See Figure 1. The formations exposed a r e the Anderdon limestone and Dundee limestone. Stop 9. North end of s a m e quarry. See Figure 1. Formations exposed a r e the Dundee limestone and lower p a r t (''Blue" limestone) of the Silica formation. Stop 10. South Q u a r r y of Medusa Portland Cement Company. See F i g u r e 1. Formations exposed a r e the Dundee limestone and Silica formation. Stop 11. North Quarry of Medusa Portland Cement Company. See F i g u r e 1. Formations exposed a r e the Dundee limestone and lower p a r t ("Blue" limestone) of the Silica formation. Stop 12. Ten Mile Creek, about t h r e e - q u a r t e r s of a mile south of Sylvania Avenue and one-quarter to one-half m i l e west of Centennial Road. See Map l.and Figure 1. Formation exposed is the T e n Mile C r e e k dolomite. Leave for Detroit a t 5:00 P.M.