You are on page 1of 7

Acknowledgement Elements of Remote Sensing

by
Dr. Bharat Lohani, Associate Professor, Department of Civil

Engineering, IIT Kanpur, UP, India.

Ramji Dwivedi GIS Cell, MNNIT Allahabad

Course Structure
Introduction to Geoinformatics Principles of Remote Sensing Concept of Image Formation Data Preprocessing Data Processing Image Classification Satellite orbits and Satellite information Introduction to LiDAR

References
Remote sensing and Image interpretation by Lillesand and Kiefer Principle of Remote Sensing by P J Curran Physical Principle of Remote sensing by W. E. Rees Lecture notes

1
Print to PDF without this message by purchasing novaPDF (http://www.novapdf.com/)

Geoinformatics Definition Lecture 1


Introduction to Geoinformatics

Geo+ Information+ Matics Measurement of Geoinformation

Geoinformation: What is it?


Any artificial or natural object/phenomena on, below or

The fundamental divisions of Geoinformatics:


1. Measurement of Geoinformation
Geometry and time: What is where and when? Identification: What is what?

above the surface of the earth. Examples:


Land parcels Roads Topography Forest Houses River Flooding Glaciers

2
Print to PDF without this message by purchasing novaPDF (http://www.novapdf.com/)

The fundamental divisions of Geoinformatics


2. Management of Geoinformation
Management (storage, retrieval, presentation) of information Manipulation (analysis based on information)

Measurement tools

Measurement tools
Primitive techniques:
Pacing, hands, guessing, rods Vedic age method of pacing Patwari measurement methods Human figure used mostly.

Measurement tools
Land surveying techniques:
Using chain and compass Using tape, chain, Theodolite etc. But cumbersome and cannot be done in inaccessible areas Substantial human dependence

3
Print to PDF without this message by purchasing novaPDF (http://www.novapdf.com/)

Measurement tools
Electronic Land surveying techniques:
Using EDMI and total station Now robotic total station Fast, accurate Difficult for inaccessible areas, as points need to be occupied

Measurement tools
Aerial photogrammetry:
Emerged during world war I and II Initial uses of pigeon with camera to spy on enemy terrain

Measurement tools
Aerial photogrammetry Using Balloons Aircraft based Single photograph for interpretation Stereo for 3D model generation and measurement

Measurement tools
Aerial photogrammetry
Analogue > Analytical > Digital photogrammetry Still we need to fly to collect the data every time Costly affair and may not be possible in bad weather.

4
Print to PDF without this message by purchasing novaPDF (http://www.novapdf.com/)

Measurement tools
Satellite remote sensing
Commercial remote sensing since 1972 From 600 km to 900 km altitude LANDSAT (80m Resoultion)

Measurement tools
Satellite remote sensing
To get a synoptic view of terrain regularly in several wave bands From km to m level spatial resolution

Measurement tools
Satellite remote sensing Used for both measurement and identification

5
Print to PDF without this message by purchasing novaPDF (http://www.novapdf.com/)

Measurement tools
Global positioning system (GPS)
An absolutely new concept to know ones location 24 earth orbiting satellites; Minimum 4 needed; position known in Geocentric coordinate system

Measurement tools
Global positioning system
Fast: less accurate:: Slow: very accurate Can be done everywhere where open sky is seen Thousands of applications: more being invented.

Management of Geoinformation
Requirement to store and retrieve information efficiently Requirement to present information Requirement to incorporate all information collected in

analysis to suit modern application The Management part i.e. GIS does it all !!!

6
Print to PDF without this message by purchasing novaPDF (http://www.novapdf.com/)

Examples of GIS

Flood relief operation needs


Flood extent Road network and types of roads Topography of land Distribution of pucca houses Distribution of one story or multi-story houses Distribution of probable shelters Locations of rescue team

A model that uses all above data to locate sites on priority for rescue

should be able to make use of all data simultaneously.


A difficult task for manual interpretation and also using conventional

analysis methods.
A GIS provides the platform for running the model andfor

presenting the result.

7
Print to PDF without this message by purchasing novaPDF (http://www.novapdf.com/)

You might also like