Document Splitting - 2013 Document Splitting

You can use document splitting to automatically split line items for selected dimensions (such as receivable lines by profit center) or to effect a zero balance setting in the document for selected dimensions. In document splitting, the system creates additional clearing lines. Document splitting enables you to draw up complete financial statements for the following dimensions at any time: Segments Profit centers Business areas Funds Receivables Customer-defined dimension (customer field) You can, for example, create a segmented display of a (partial) balance sheet according to a set of legal requirements (for example, IAS or US GAAP) or according to areas of responsibility (such as profit centers). In addition, you can allocate at the time of posting additional costs (such as realized or valuated exchange rate differences) to the CO-relevant account assignment objects to which the costs relate. You can also subsequently capitalize fixed assets at the time of posting. Implementation Considerations The implementation of document splitting requires careful analysis of your business processes, identification of the relevant business transactions, and in many cases the adaptation of document types. For more information, seeMigration to New General Ledger Accounting and Migration with Document Splitting. If you have upgraded the SAP system, classic Financial Accounting is still active and continues to function as before. Furthermore, if you would like to migrate to new General Ledger Accounting, consult SAP Note 812919. If you already use new General Ledger Accounting in your production system and now want to implement document splitting subsequently, you need to use the General Ledger Migration Cockpit with scenario 6. For more information, see Subsequent Implementation of Document Splitting. If you want to make subsequent changes to document splitting, consult SAP Note 891144. Integration Document splitting is a function of new General Ledger Accounting (as of SAP ERP 5.0). It is comparable with document splitting for special purpose ledgers (FI-SL). Document splitting uses document splitting characteristics as account assignment objects to portray the dimensions. Document splitting has an effect on subsequent processes, such as closing operations, and on processes in Controlling (CO). The following figure shows the data flow of documents when document splitting is applied:

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Document Splitting - 2013

Data Flow of Documents For more information on the Accounting interface, see Interfaces to Accounting (AC). Features Document splitting is based on the unique assignment of document types to predefined, non-modifiable business transactions (or their attributes in a business transaction variant) as well as on the assignment of accounts to predefined, non-modifiable item categories. The item categories are used to define document splitting rules, which, depending on the business transaction, determine which items of a document the system splits and how. A document splitting rule is assigned to a document splitting method. To activate document splitting, assign a document splitting method. A document splitting method contains the document splitting rules that the system uses to split documents.

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Document Splitting - 2013

Document Splitting The standard delivery contains a standard document method that you can use in most cases unchanged. However, you can also define your own document splitting rules and methods so as to adapt the standard document method to meet your requirements. For more information, see Document Splitting Method. Document Splitting Process Document splitting runs as follows: 1. When making a posting, the system determines from the document type the underlying business transaction, assigns the item category to the individual items within the document, and checks whether the item categories are permitted for that business transaction. 2. The system creates a reference to preceding documents (such as clearing and invoice reference). The system applies the account assignments that you have defined as document splitting characteristics for General Ledger Accounting. For more information, see Passive Document Splitting. 3. Depending on the classification of the document, the system applies the related document splitting rule for the document in which it is specified how the document is split and for which line items. For more information, seeActive Document Splitting. 4. If the system cannot determine the account assignments of the document splitting characteristics for individual line items, it can determine the account assignments either by inheritance or by using a standard account assignment. This can be necessary if the required information is not yet available when the posting occurs. You can use account assignment inheritance or standard account assignment to simplify document splitting. For more information, see Enhancement Logic.

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Document Splitting - 2013

For individual document splitting characteristics for General Ledger Accounting, you can define that the line items for these document splitting characteristics must be assigned to an account (required entry field). The system then checks whether the line items for these document splitting characteristics have an account assignment. If not, the system rejects the posting and issues an error message. For more information, see Validation of the Document Splitting Characteristics for General Ledger Accounting. 6. If the document does not produce a balance of zero for balancing dimensions, the system creates additional clearing items that ensure that the balancing dimensions in the document do produce a balance of zero. For additional information, see Creation of the Zero Balance Setting for Each Document. For an example of the document splitting process, see Overview of Document Splitting Process. Subsequent Processes You can use the split line items in all other application components for subsequent processes and transfer them to other programs or interfaces, such as for the following processes: Realized Exchange Rate Differences You can also use the CO-relevant account assignments relating to the costs to post realized exchange rate differences with clearing or partial payments. Closing Operations You can perform closing operations, such as foreign currency valuation of open items, for the document splitting characteristics defined. For more information, see Subsequent Processes. Simulation of Document Splitting During document entry, you can simulate the resulting postings. From the simulation in the general ledger view, you can call the expert mode. In the expert mode, you obtain detailed information about the split document as well as about the document splitting rules applied. Furthermore, the expert mode allows you to view the Customizing settings for document splitting specific to the business transaction. For more information, see Simulating Documents in the General Ledger View. Displaying the Split Document You can display a document in Financial Accounting as follows: In the entry view From the view of a ledger in the general ledger view and with the clearing lines generated by document splitting How the document is displayed in the general ledger view depends on whether the ledger to which you want to post contains the document splitting characteristics that the system uses to split the document. For more information, see Document Display. Constraints You can only use document splitting for documents that you can uniquely assign to a business process. The relevant relationship is unclear when there are multiple business processes within one document (see also Active Document Splitting). Example The following examples show a unique business process with document splitting: Example 1: Invoice A vendor invoice is entered with the following items: Vendor Invoice During Entry Posting Key 31 Account Vendor Segment Amount 100.00

5.

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Document Splitting - 2013

Vendor Invoice During Entry Posting Key 40 40 Account Expense Expense Segment 0001 0002 Amount 40.00 60.00

Document splitting then creates the following document in the general ledger view: Document in General Ledger View Posting Key 31 31 40 40 Account Payables Payables Expense Expense Segment 0001 0002 0001 0002 Amount 40.00 60.00 40.00 60.00

Example 2: Payment The payment for the above vendor invoice then contains the following items when entered: Payment During Entry Posting Key 50 25 50 50 Account Bank Vendor Cash discount received Cash discount received 0001 0002 Segment Amount 95.00100.00 2.003.00-

Document splitting then creates the following document in the general ledger view: Document in General Ledger View Posting Key 50 50 25 25 50 50 Account Bank Bank Payables Payables Cash discount received Cash discount received Segment 0001 0002 0001 0002 0001 0002 Amount 38.0057.0040.00 60.00 2.003.00-

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