RFID Basics

Radio Frequency Identification Basics

RFID Basics

UPM Rafsec Value Chain Position

Reader + Antenna

Software

System Integration Customer RFID Application

IC Suppliers

RFID Tags

Converters

Partners UPM Rafsec

UPM

November 20, 2009

RFID Basics

Agenda

1. Automatic identification systems 2. Advantages of RFID 3. Auto-ID Center & EPCglobal

UPM

November 20, 2009

RFID Basics

What is automatic identification?

Automatic identification is used to identify items, capture information and get the data into a computer.

Aims:

increase efficiency reduce data entry errors free up staff to do other value added functions

Examples:

barcode RFID (radio frequency identification)

UPM

November 20, 2009

Identifying objects in 1972

UPM

November 20, 2009

32 years later... the information economy and internet revolution

UPM

November 20, 2009

RFID Basics

Advantages of RFID vs. Barcode

No requirement for line-of-sight Dynamic information carrier (read/write) High memory capacity if needed Anti-collision (many tags can be read at the same time) Robust and reliable Performs in rugged, harsh environment Cheaper in long term No human intervention Reader virtually maintenance free

UPM

November 20, 2009

RFID Basics

Passive RFID Read/Write

Antenna

Tag Reader Computer

Antenna IC (Integrated Circuit)

UPM

November 20, 2009

RFID Basics

How RFID Systems work

RFID tag gets into reading device's electromagnetic field tag receives the signal which energizes the passive tag tag transmits the data stored in the IC in return reader passes the information to the host system host system can be connected into the Internet or company's ERP system reader can also pass information to the tag which can be re-written or deactivated

UPM

November 20, 2009

RFID Basics

Primary RFID Application Areas

Supply chain management Mass transit Postal and courier services Food industry Library systems Healthcare, pharmaceutical industry Access management Anti-counterfeiting Toll collection Airline baggage handling Animal identification Document tracking
November 20, 2009 10

UPM

RFID Basics

Passive RFID tags

No internal power source

IC (integrated circuit) - provides the memory and stores data

Antenna harvests power & communicates with the reader

Inlay/inlet IC and antenna assembled together for insertion

RFID tag an inlet converted in a way that it can be applied to an object

UPM

November 20, 2009

11

RFID Basics

RFID Frequencies

125-134 KHz 13.56 MHz 862-928 MHz 2.45 GHz 5.8 GHz

LF: Low Frequency HF: High Frequency UHF: Ultra High Frequency Microwave Microwave

UPM

November 20, 2009

12

Different applications, different RFID frequencies

UPM Rafsec believes that HF and UHF will co-exist in the RFID tag market. One cannot do without the other.
UPM November 20, 2009 13

RFID Basics

UHF Frequencies

Europe: USA: Korea: Singapore: Japan:

868 MHz 915 MHz 908.5914 MHz 866-869 & 923-925 MHz 950 MHz (pending)

UPM

November 20, 2009

14

RFID Basics

HF 13.56 MHz
Short range (up to 1m) Thin, flexible form factor Read/write capability Low cost Relatively high data rate Very robust

vs.

UHF 862 - 960 MHz

Long range (a few meters) Thin, flexible form factor Read/Write capability Quite low cost High data rates Relatively robust

UPM

November 20, 2009

15

RFID Basics

Typical Applications
HF Tags 13.56 MHz
Mass transit applications Access management Supply chain management Libraries In-mouldable objects Garment & fashion industry

UHF Tags 860/960Mhz

Supply chain management Retail Pharma / medical In-mouldable objects

UPM

November 20, 2009

16

RFID Basics

Selecting UHF Tags protocol required by supply chain read/write distance delivered quality performance impactors materials (high/low absorption, reflection) surroundings speed orientation

UPM

November 20, 2009

17

Standards' development

1999-2003

2000UPM November 20, 2009 18

RFID Basics

EPC Global
A joint venture between EAN International in Europe and the Uniform Code Council (UCC) in USA Carries forth the work completed by the Auto-ID Center EPCglobal is leading the development of industry-driven standards for the Electronic Product Code (EPC) to support the use of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) numbering scheme RFID protocols database access and formatting A neutral, consensus-based, non-profit standards organization www.epcglobalinc.org www.ean-ucc.org UPM November 20, 2009

19

RFID Basics

Prevalent RFID Protocols

UHF Tags 860 to 960 MHz

HF Tags 13.56 MHz

EPC Class 0/0+ EPC Class 1 EPC Class 1 Gen 2 ISO 18000-6 U-Code 1.19
UPM

ISO 15693 ISO 14443 A ISO 14443 B ISO 18000 P3 EPC HF

November 20, 2009 20

RFID Basics

Classes of EPC RFID Tags

UPM

November 20, 2009

21

RFID Basics

EPC System
ONS (Object name Service) ePC(Electronic product code) PML (Physical mark up language)

IC

ID

Reader

data

LAN

internet

UPM

November 20, 2009

22

RFID Basics

EPC Components

UPM

November 20, 2009

23

RFID Basics

UPM

November 20, 2009

24

UPM Rafsec business model

Reader + Antenna

Software

System Integration Customer RFID Application

IC Suppliers

RFID Tags

Converters

Partners UPM Rafsec

UPM

November 20, 2009

25

Advantages of RFID vs. Magnetic Stripe

Contactless Faster Much higher security, virtually impossible to counterfeit Higher memory capacity Reader virtually maintenance free

UPM

November 20, 2009

26