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2.1 Objectives
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Electronic Circuits I Laboratory
Fig. 2.2
As Fig.2.2 reveals, the negative cycle of the input voltage can be clipped of by
this type of series clippers. Reverse of the diode pins yields to a positive cycle
clipping circuit as shown in Fig. 2.3.
Fig. 2.3
Previous circuits clip the values larger or smaller than zero voltage. This
voltage, technically called “threshold voltage” and can be changed to a desired value
by inserting a D.C. voltage source. This is achieved in two different ways.
In the first type, the voltage source of Em ( positive or negative) is connected
through output terminals as in Fig. 2.4. Depending on the diode connection (normal
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Electronic Circuits I Laboratory
Fig. 2.4.
Note that if Em is negative, ( where the voltage source is reversely connected)
again the values smaller or larger than this negative value is clipped, do not get
confused.
Fig. 2.5
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Fig 2.8
Being different from clippers, clamping circuits uses a capacitor and a diode
connection. When diode is in its on state, the output voltage equals to diode drop
voltage (ideally zero) plus the voltage source, if any. Now let us examine the
clamping process for the circuit in Fig. 2.9.
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E0 = - ( |Ei |+ |Ec | )
Fig. 2.12
By this process, the input signal is shifted to negative D.C. value (its maximum
value is ideally zero) without any change in its amplitude ideally.
There exist again modified versions of this circuit inwhich a threshold value is
inserted for clamping. Following figures illustrate these modifications and resulting
outputs.
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Fig.2.13
Fig. 2.14
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2.4 Procedures
Fig. 2.15
(4) Adjust oscilloscope divisions until you have a clear view of input signal.
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(5) Disconnect function generator output from oscilloscope and apply this
to TP2.
(7) Turn off all active devices, and reconfigure the short-circuit clips refering
to Fig. 2.15 b.
(9) Again examine the output waveform and plot output waveform on
Graph 2.1.b
a b
Graph 2.1
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Electronic Circuits I Laboratory
(1) Turn off all active devices, and connect short-circuit clip and voltage
source ( + 5 V DC) by refering to Fig.2.16-a.
Fig. 2.16
(2) Record the plot of output voltage on Graph 2.2.a (on Pg. 25)
(3) Turn off all active devices, and reconfigure short-circuit clips refering to
Fig.2.16-b.
Turn off all active devices. Now you will apply negative threshold value to
the clipper circuit.
(5) Refering to Fig.2.17-a, reconfigure short circuit clips and substitute +5V
DC source with -5 V DC Source. Do not directly reverse the terminals of
+ 5 V source, this will cause a short circuit !!!
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Fig. 2.17
(6) Observe and plot the output waveform on Graph 2.2.c
(7) Turn off all active devices again and rearrange short circuit clip refering
to Fig.2.17.b
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a b
c d
Graph 2.2
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Fig. 2.18
(3) Observe output voltage on TP2 and plot on Graph 2.3.a
(4) Turn off all active devices and rearrange short circuit clips by refering to
Fig. 2.18 b.
(5) Observe output voltage on TP2 and plot on Graph 2.3.b
a b
Graph 2.3
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Fig. 2.19
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a b
Graph 2.4
2.5 Conclusion
In this experiment you have learned two main types of diode circuits.
• Clippers
• Clampers
Although the clippers are also classified into series and parallel clipping
circuits, both circuits are based on the same principle. In other words, the design of
both circuits utilizes the characteristics of diode that will be forward turned on and will
reversely turned off.
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