CHAPTER:1 INTRODUCTION

Plant clinic may be defined as the management practices of diseased crops, their causal organisms, etiology etc.In this practice the knowledge of Kochs postulate is considered essential so that we would be able to identify, isolate and inoculate the requirements respectively. According to Kochs postulate, 1. The organism in question must be found constantly associated with a particular symptom. 2. The organism must be isolated, grown and studied in pure culture. 3. The organism grown in pure culture must be inoculated into a healthy plant to produce the particular disease. The symptom produced in the inoculated plant should be the same as the symptom first observed. 4. The organism must be re-isolated from the inoculated be the same as the symptom first observed. 4. The organism must be re-isolated from the inoculated plant and compared with the first culture to be shown to be same as the original culture. This method of disease management comes under microscopic studies of plant clinic. It requires certain culture techniques, apparatus, sterilization methods etc.Therefore it is instructed to be carried out in the laboratory conditions with various precautionary measures. In certain plant diseases, the symptoms are so specific that one can immediately establish its identity only by having a glance at it. The symptoms of whip smut of sugarcane, loose smut of wheat, rust of wheat etc may easily be placed in this category. During our course of RAWE project, we selected some specific diseases which are most prominent in the Rajasthan state. The diseases mainly infested in some seasonal crops are cited as below:

1. WHEAT CROP (Triticumaestivum)

a. Rusts of wheat (i.e. black, brown and yellow) b.Wheat aphid

2. CHILLIES (Capsicum annuum)

a.Anthracnose and fruit rot of chili b. Chili leaf curl

3. BRINJAL (Solanummelongena)
a. Leaf spot of Brinjal b. Little leaf of Brinjal c. Root knot disease of brinjal

4. GRAM (Vignamoongo L.)

Gram pod Borer

5. MUSTARD(Brassica Juncea)
Mustard Aphid

6. BARLEY(Hordeumvulgare)
Smut of Barley

7. NATURAL ENEMIES
Lady bird Beetle

8. PHEROMONE TRAP

CHAPTER:2
1.DISEASES IN WHEAT AND THEIR CLINIC MANAGEMENT
RUSTS IN WHEAT
Rusts of wheat (i.e. black, brown and yellow)are the most important and destructive of all the plant diseases. They are the potential causes of enormous economic losses in all wheat growing regions of the world. The rusts of wheat are thus a great enemy of the cultivators and often ravage their crops. The important analysis of the diseases under consideration is:

a)BLACK OR STEM RUST OF WHEAT

Fig.13.Black rust of wheat Pathogen: Pucciniagraministritici Symptoms: The onset of black rust is first marked by an eruption of elongated, brown pustules on the stalk, leaf sheaths and leaves, the stalk being often most attacked. These pustules (uredosori or uredia) may be a quarter of an inch or more in length and frequently run into one another. They very soon burst, exposing a brown powder consisting of thousands of uredospores. The prominent fringes appear on the margins of the pustules. Later on teleutosori or telia develop. The teleutospores are often produced in the same sorus as the uredospores, and as they are darker in color than the latter, one can see the pustules gradually changing from brown to black as the season advances. Spread of the pathogen: The initial infection of few odd plants in any field in the plains is sufficient to spread the disease. The disease soon spreads from one field to another by the dissemination of spores by air currents. They are easily carried away by wind and lodged on leaf and other green surface of the plant. In presence of moisture the spores germinate and caused infection. The greater the number of these short cycles, the greater would be the damage to the crop. The multiplication and spread of the rusts in the plains depend on the weather conditions specially the rain or heavy dew on the leaves of the wheat plants .Heavy dew for a long period or rain,
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moderately high temperatures and strong wind for dissemination of spores on the susceptible varieties are the important factors for rust epidemics.

B)YELLOW OR STRIPE RUST OF WHEAT

Fig.12.Yellow rust of wheat

Pathogen: Pucciniastriiformis Symptoms: The uredia are chiefly formed on the leaf blades but when the attack is severe, they also appear on the leaf sheaths, stalks and glumes as well. Sometimes the rust pustules are also seen on the pericarp and kernels. The green color of the leaves fade in long streaks, on which rows of small uredo-pustules appear .Each row consist of a series of oval, lemon-yellow pustules arranged end to end and its pustules remains distinct from that above and below. The uredospores eventually break through the epidermis and yellow uredospores are shed. Nature and recurrence of disease The disease is air borne. The inoculums causing the annual recurrence are brought from the hills to the plains every year. The uredospores of Pucciniastriiformis over summer on the hills at 7000 ft and above

C)BROWN, ORANGE OR LEAF RUST OF WHEAT

Fig.14 Brown rust of wheat

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Pathogen: Puccinia recondita Symptoms : The uredosori appear as a rule on the leaves, being scarce on the stalks and leaf sheaths. The uredia are always scattered on the leaf surface, they are never in row or in stripes. Uredia burst out on the upper surface as points of a bright orange color. The scattered uredia in their orange color form the most characteristic features of the brown rust. Nature and recurrence of disease The disease is air borne. Like other rust of wheat the inoculums survive on the tillers and self sown plants in the hills. The inoculums survive at 5000ft and above. Every year uredospores are carried over by wind from the hills to the plains, where they cause infection.

CONTROL MEASURES OF RUST DISEASE IN WHEAT

1.Cultural practices Certain modification in cultural practices viz. cultivation of early maturing varieties, early sowing, judicious manuring and irrigation help in minimizing the incidence of rusts. a)cultivation of early maturing varieties Varieties of wheat which mature early should be sown so as to avoid the critical period i.e., milk stage of the crop from the attack of the rust, the black rust assumes serious intensity during the month of February and if the crop has passed its milk stage at this time it will suffer negligible losses. b) Early sowing Sowing of wheat varieties a bit earlier than normal is another good method to escape the severe rust incidence at the milk stage of the crop. C) Proper manuring Manuring is an important factor governing the Incidence of rusts. Nitrogenous manures in general are Known to increase the susceptibility of the crops towards diseases by delaying maturity. The rust resistance is increased by the application of pottassic manures to the crop. d)Proper irrigation High humidity favors the rusts and therefore irrigation is an important factor which governs the rust appearance. Heavy irrigation at the time of rust appearance only favors the speedy development and spread of rust. Irrigation should therefore be given properly and regularly. e) Chemical treatment Search for chemicals that would be effective in small quantities has lead to the formulation of such fungicides as dithane, zineb and actidione.Four to five applications of Nabam and Zinc sulphate gave effective control of wheat rusts in some regions. Certain Naphthaquinonones and Phenols also exert a fungicidal action at low concentrations on cereal rusts.Parzate liquid with zinc sulphate has been found to be effective in reducing rust infection appreciably under artificial conditions at I.A.R.I,New Delhi.
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f) Resistant varieties The best control of wheat rust lies in evolving resistant varieties. Varieties like HD 2009, HD2204, HD2135, HD2278, HD2281, Sonalika and WH147 are resistant to rusts up to some extent.

WHEAT APHID
Aphids
Sitobionavenae, Rhopalosiphumpadiand various other species

Distribution: All wheat growing areas, especially in NWPZ and Peninsular India. Development: The aphids exist in different stages, viz., winged (alates), wingless (apterous) sexual and asexual forms. The rapid spread takes place through asexual reproduction where females give rise directly to nymphs rather than eggs. Infestation usually occurs during second fortnight of January till crop maturity. Management: When feeding in sufficient numbers, they can cause considerable damage, but under normal conditions, losses are not much. Chemical pesticides are recommended for this pest in wheat if the level of aphids per tiller crosses 10 during vegetative phase and 5 during reproductive phase. However, there is need to keep watch on this pest. The spray of imidacloprid @ 20 g a.i. per ha initially on border rows and if infestation is severe then in entire field will give good protection against this pest. Generally, natural enemies present in

3. CHILLI (Capsicum annuum)

a) ANTHRACNOSE AND FRUIT ROT OF CHILLI

Fig.15.Anthracnose of chilli

Fig.18.Chilli fruit rot

Pathogen: Colletotrichum capsicin Symptoms: The symptoms of the disease generally appear on ripened fruits and therefore, sometimes the disease is called Ripe fruit rot. Usually circular and sunken lesions with black margins appear on the ripe fruits. A pinkish mass of fungal spores cover the sunken spot .In the advanced stage of the disease, the concentric markings with dark acervuli appear on the affected parts. The spotted fruits drop down prematurely, and heavy losses are resulted .The fungus also attacks the fruit stalk and stem and inflict die-back symptoms. Nature and occurrence of disease: This is an externally seed-borne disease. The fungus also survives in soil for a long time. The secondary infection takes place by means of conidia, which are carried from one place to another by windblown rains during rainy season. Control: Prior to sowing the seeds should be treated with organomurcurials. The seed borne infection may be checked by crop rotation and other practices of crop management. The secondary infection may be checked by spraying of copper fungicides. Bordeaux mixture may be sprayed at fortnightly intervals, starting from the first time of first fruiting to the maturity of the fruits.

b) CHILLI LEAF CURL

fig.16.Chilli leaf curl Pathogen: Nicotiana virus Symptoms: The symptoms consist of abaxial and ad axial curling of the leaves accompanied by puckering and blistering of interveinous areas and thickening and swelling of veins. In advance stages of the diseases axillaries buds stimulate to produce clusters of leaves which are reduced in size. The whole plant assumes a bushy appearance with stunted growth. Fewer flower and fruits develop on the diseased plants and those that are formed are much reduced in size and curl at the styler end.

4. BRINJALS (Solanum melongena)

A)LEAF SPOT OF BRINJAL

Fig. leaf spot of brinjal Pathogen: Cercospora solanacea Symptoms: The infection appears on either surface of the leaves in the form of grayish, irregularly circular spots. At first the margins are not clearly defined but as the tissues are dried in the centre of the spots, the margins, become well distinguished. The spots become darker with age. In severe cases complete defoliation takes place. Nature and recurrence: This is a soil borne disease. Along with plant debris, the conidia survive in the following season. The secondary infection takes place by means of conidia. Control measures: The field sanitation should be practiced. Since the disease is soil borne, the crop rotation may be of much use for the control of disease.

B)LITTLE LEAF OF BRINJAL

Fig.little leaf of brinjal Pathogen: The disease has been shown to be associated with mycoplasma. Symptoms: The main symptom on brinjal is the reduction of leaf size, the new leaves progressively become soft glabrous and pale green. In thorny varieties the thorns are attenuated or absent. Axillary and latent buds are stimulated into growth and the internodes are shortened resulting in a bushy appearance of the affected plants. Phyllody is very common and plants are sterile. Transmission: The disease jassidHishimousphycitis. is not sap transmissible. It is transmitted by the

Control: For its control the affected plants should be removed and burnt. Spray of Metasystox 6 ml in 9 litres of water, before the fruit set ,is practiced to control the insect vector population. Such sprays should not be carried after the fruit setting starts. Spraying with tetracycline antibiotic like ledermycin at 500 ppm,suppresses the symptoms.

C)ROOT KNOT DISEASE OF BRINJAL

Fig. Root knot disease

Pathogen: A nematode disease Symptoms: The nematode infestation on the root appears as tiny tubercles but heavy and localized infestation stimulates excessive cell division leading to gall formation. The plants develop slowly and appear stunted if the infestation has been early and severe. The leaves are yellllowish green to yellow, tend to droop and wilt suddenly. The main roots and the laterals in all cases bear spherical to elongated galls. Disease cycle: The female nematode having numerous eggs in their body is present in great numbers in the root galls. These survive in the soil and leaf debris. Root infection is caused by larvae when crop is sown in infested soil. The nematodes multiply rapidly within the roots and cause disease

5. GRAM
Gram Pod Borer
Biological name: Helicoverpaarmigera Symptoms of damage

Skeletinization of leaves feeding chlorophyll only leaving veins by young larvae Defoliation Feeds flower and green pods In green pods make circular holes and feed the grains and make empty.

Fig. Larva of gram pod borer

Identification of the pest Eggs are spherical in shape and creamy white in colour, laid Pupa brown in colour, occurs in soil, leaf, pod and crop Adult - light pale brownish yellow stout Forewing grey to pale brown with V shaped Hind wings are pale smoky white with a broad blackish outer margin. Circular bore hole singly debris moth. speck.

Identification & Monitoring

Adult is a stout moth with dark yellow-olive forewings and pale hind wings. Eggs are laid single and in all parts of plant and yellowish, shiny. Full grown larva is 40 mm long and hairy and varied in color. Use pheromone traps for monitoring. Visual observations at weekly intervals at all stages. Setting of light traps (1 light trap/5 acre) to know the range of pest incidence

Fig. Moth of gram pod borer Damage

Small larvae eat up the green portion of the plant. The larger larvae eat up the floral parts, flowers, leaves and pods. The larvae eat up the bulged portion of the pods. The larvae eats up the floral buds. By eating the buds holes are formed, and the larvae proceed by further eating up the grains.

Cultural Control

Deep summer ploughing.

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Sowing should be done by the end of June to avoid pod borer attack. Remove the weeds from the field. Intercropping of early maturing pigeon pea with mung bean in alternate and paired row results in low infestation of pod borer. Sow resistant varieties The varieties bahar and sharad should be grown in pod borer endemic areas of northern India. Short duration varieties escapes from the attack of pod borer.

Mechanical Control

The population of pod borer can be regulated by using pheromone traps. In cases of heavy infestation, physical shaking of pigeon pea plants to dislodge larvae is favored. Bird perches placed just above the crop canopy will also help to reduce the population of the pest.

Biological Control

Conserve predators like spiders and wasp etc. Use of NPV at 500 LE with adjuvant like teepol, tinopal and jaggery etc. Applying HNPV at a rate of 500 larval equivalents (LE) per ha. This application can be repeated at 15-20 days intervals. Female moths can be deterred from ovipositing by the spraying of 5% neem kernel suspension.

Chemical Control

Any systemic insecticide should be used at 50 % flowering stage and after 10 - 15 days neem seed kernal extract should be used. Quinalphos 25 EC @1000 ml OR Endosulfan 35EC 800 ml OR Deltamethrin 2.8 EC @750 ml/ha dissolved in 600-750 litres of water and spray. If needed, repeat the spray after 15 days.

6. BARLEY
Barley loose smut
Scientific Name: Ustilagonuda

Fig.Barley loose smut

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Description: Loose smut of barley is known to occur wherever barley is grown. The pathogen survives from one season to the next as dormant mycelium (fungal threads) within the embryo of the barley seed. When a non-protected, infected seed germinates the fungus breaks dormancy and grows systemically within the developing barley plant. When the barley plant would normally produce a head the pathogen invades all the flower parts. When the head of the infected plant emerges it produces massive amounts of smut spores (teliospores) instead of a normal flowering barley head. Infection occurs when normal flowering heads of adjacent plants are dusted with the wind-blown teliospores form smutted heads. The teliospores germinate and invade the female parts of the barley flowers and eventually colonize the developing embryo. Once the infected seed matures the pathogen goes dormant until the cycle is repeated with the germination of the barley seed. Unlike other seedborne pathogens, loose smut cannot be controlled by any fungicide that is not systemically active. Fortunately there are several very effective seed treatment fungicides.

Control Recommendations
Pesticide Fungicide Common Name Fungicide Trade Name carboxina carboxina carboxina carboxin + captana carboxin + thirama tebuconazole-thirama Vitavax Vitavax 34 Vitavax 75W Vitavax 20-20 Vitavax 200 RaxilThiram

Remarks a: Use according to instructions on label. Must be applied as a slurry treatment for complete coverage.
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7. MUSTARD
Mustard aphid: Lipaphiserysimi
Symptoms of damage

Both nymphs and adults suck the sap from leaves, buds and pods. Curling may occur in infested leaves and at advanced stage plants may wither and die. Plants remain stunted and sooty molds grow on the honey dew excreted by the insects. The infected filed looks sickly and blighted in appearance.

Identification of the pest

Aphids - are small, soft-bodied, pearl-shaped insects that have a pair of cornicles (wax-secreting tubes) projecting out from the fifth or sixth abdominal segment.

Favourable seasons

The aphid attacks generally during 2nd and 3rd week of December and continues till March. The most favourable temperature is between 8 and 24o C 70 to 80 % humidity is favourable for faster multiplication of aphid. Rainy and humid weather help in accelerating the growth of insects.

Management

Use tolerant varieties like JM-1 and RK-9501. The crop sown before 20th October escape the damage. Set up yellow stick trap to monitor aphid population. Destroy the affected parts along with aphid population in the initial stage. Conserve the following natural enemies: Ladybird beetles viz., Coccinellaseptempunctata, Menochilussexmaculata, Hippodamiavariegata and Cheilomonesvicinaare most effcientpradators of the mustard aphid. Adult beetles may feed on an average of 10 to 15 adults/day. Several species of syrphid fly i.e., Sphaerophoria spp., Eristallis spp., Metasyrphis spp., Xanthogrammaspp and Syrphusspp. are predating on aphids. The braconid parasitoid, Diaretiellarapae a very active bio control agent cause the mummification of aphids. The lacewing, Chrysoperlacarnea predates on the mustard aphid colony. Predatory bird Motacillacospica is actively feeding over aphids in February-March. A number of entomogenous fungi, Cephalosporium spp., Entomophthoraand Verticilliumlecanii infect aphids. Spray the crop with one of the following in the flowering stage; oxydemeton methyl, dimethoate@ 625 - 1000 ml per ha.
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CHAPTER:3
NATURAL ENEMIES
Ladybird Beetle

Ladybird Beetle or Ladybug, common name for any of numerous related species of brightly colored beetles found in temperate and tropical regions throughout the world. The ladybird beetle is less than 1.2 cm (less than 0.5 in) in maximum length. It has a nearly hemispherical body, rounded above and flat below, a small head, and short legs. Ladybird beetles are often red or orange above, spotted with black, white, or yellow. Some species are black, with or without spots. The larvae are also brilliantly colored, often blue, with stripes of orange or black. All the ladybird beetles, with the exception of the members of one vegetation-eating genus, are carnivorous. In both the adult and larval stages they feed on insects harmful to plants, such as aphids and scale insects. Because of the help ladybird beetles render farmers in destroying agricultural pests, the beetles were popularly regarded in the Middle Ages as instruments of benevolent intervention by the Virgin Mary, whence the common name ladybird. A common North American species of ladybird beetle, the nine-spotted ladybug beetle, is orange above, spotted with black. Adults of the two-spotted ladybug beetle often hibernate in houses during winter. This beetle is orange above, with a single large black spot on each elytron (protective outer wing). The convergent ladybug beetle is a western American species, the adults of which commonly swarm in large numbers on mountain peaks. These swarms are collected by western agricultural firms and are distributed to farmers for aphid control. The vedalia, an Australian species, has been imported into California to fight the cottony-cushion scale insect, which attacks citrus trees. A few ladybird beetles are injurious to humans. The Mexican bean beetle is the most serious of these agricultural pests, feeding on the leaves and pods of bean plants. This beetle, which has spread throughout the United States, is brownish-yellow above, marked with eight black spots. The squash ladybird feeds on the leaves of plants of the gourd family. Scientific classification: Ladybird beetles make up the family Coccinellidae. The nine-spotted ladybug beetle is classified as Coccinellanovemnotata, the two-spotted ladybug beetle as Adaliabipunctata, the convergent
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ladybug beetle as Hippodamiaconvergens, and the vedalia as Rodoliacardinalis. The few ladybird beetles that are agricultural pests belong to the genus Epilachna. The Mexican bean beetle is classified as Epilachnavarivestis, the squash ladybird as Epilachna borealis.

PHEROMONE TRAP

Fig: Pheromone Trap A pheromone trap is a type of insect trap that uses pheromones to lure insects. Sex pheromones and aggregating pheromones are the most common types used. A pheromone-impregnated lure is encased in a conventional trap such as a Delta trap, water-pan trap, or funnel trap. Sensitivity Pheromone traps are very sensitive, meaning they attract insects present at very low densities. They are often used to detect presence of exotic pests, or for sampling, monitoring, or to determine the first appearance of a pest in an area. They can be used for legal control, and are used to monitor the success of the Boll Weevil Eradication Program and the spread of the gypsy moth. The fact that pheromone traps are highly species-specific can also be an advantage, and they tend to be inexpensive and easy to implement. However, it is impractical in most cases to completely remove or "trap out" pests using a pheromone trap. Some pheromone-based pest control methods have been successful, usually those designed to protect enclosed areas such as households or storage facilities. There has also been some success in mating disruption. In one form of mating disruption, males are attracted to a powder containing female attractant pheromones. The pheromones stick to the males' bodies, and when they fly off, the pheromones make them attractive to other males. It is hoped that if enough males chase other males instead of females, egg-laying will be severely impeded.[1] Some difficulties surrounding pheromone traps include sensitivity to bad weather, their ability to attract pests from neighboring areas, and the fact that they generally only attract adults although it is the juveniles in many species that are pests. They are also generally limited to one sex.

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Pheromone Lures and Traps

Sex & Aggregation Lures, Highly-Effective Traps

Sex Pheromones Adult female insects that are ready for mating, emit species-specific chemical odours to attract male insects for procreation. This method of utilizing these pheromones as tools for their control was first introduced in India by PCI. Lab-synthesised pheromones are specially packed and supplied as lures, to be used along with suitable traps to deceive, attract and trap male insects. Aggregation pheromones Insects also produce chemicals to call others to a location, for e.g. when a food source is located. These are called aggregation pheromones and can be effectively used to trap both males and females since both sexes respond to the chemical signal.

Types of traps available with PCI

Fero-T

Wota-T

Del-Ta

Fligh-T

Coco-Trapp

Uses
Mass Trapping

Sex pheromones and traps can also be used as a device for reducing the population of target pests. The majorities of females present in cropped fields remain unmated and lay infertile eggs as a result of mass trapping of males.

Monitoring
Installation of traps with PCIs pheromone lures @ 2-3 per acre can provide information 16

on pest incidence and intensity in agricultural fields. Based on the number of males caught, the timing and frequency of control measures can be determined. Also visit our Stored-Insect Product Monitoring service (SIM Service)

Available Lures
American Bollworm (Helicoverpaarmigera) Brinjal Fruit & Shoot Borer (Leucinodesorbonalis) Cigarette Beetle (Lasiodermaserricorne) Cocoa Pod Borer (Conopomorphacramerella) Codling Moth (Cydiapomonella) Coffee White Stem Borer (Xylotrechusquadripes) Diamond Back Moth (Plutellaxylostella) Melon Fruit Fly (Bactroceracucurbitae) Oriental Fruit Fly (Bactroceradorsalis)

Pink Bollworm (Pectinophoragossypiella) Red Palm Weevil (Rhynchophorusferrugineus) Rice Yellow Stem Borer (Scirpophagaincertulas) Rhinoceros Beetle (Oryctes rhinoceros) Spiny Bollworm (Eariasinsulana) Spotted Bollworm (Eariasvittella) Sugarcane Early Shoot Borer (Chiloinfuscatellus) Sugarcane Internode Borer (Chilosacchariphagusindicus) Sugarcane White Top Borer (Scirpophagaexcerptalis) Tobacco Caterpiller (Spodopteralitura)

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CHAPTER:4
PLANT PROTECTION
Name of the Pests/Diseases PESTS Epilachana (AkshintalaPurugu) octopunctata E.dodecastigma Both adults and grubs skeletonize beetles the leaves which present a lace like appearance. These leaves dry up and plant presents an unhealthy appearance. Spray of Malathion 0.16% @ 3 ml per water of Methyl parathion 0.03% @ 1ml per lit.of water. @ 1ml per lit.of water. 3 sprayingsofCarbaryl 50% w.p.2.5 g or Monocrotophos @ 1.25 ml per lit of Water .A safe period of 10 days should Water .A safe period of 10 days should Be maintained between spraying and Harvest. Symptoms of damage Control measures

In nursery no damage is done by this tranplanted seedlings. They Brijal shoot and fruit wither and tranplanted seedlings. Borer(MuvvaMariyu They wither and droop. At Kaya ToluchuPurugu) fruiting stage fruits are bored. Leucinodesorbonalis They form galleries. They form galleries. Brinjal mealy (pindiPurugu) Centrococcusinsolitus Brinjal (Doma) Tetranychustelarius DISEASES

bug Stunted growth of plant. Plants Malathion 0.15% @ 3 ml/lit of appear as though covered with water Or Monocrotophaos @ white wash. 0.4% 1.25 ml lit of water. Spray Wettable Sulphur @ 3 to 5 mite Leaves present a blotching g/lit or Dicofol @ 2.7 ml/lit of appearance, become whitish and water or dust. Sulphur @ 20 to 25 brown patches develop. kg/ha.

Early (AkumaduTegulu) Alternariasolani

Scattered dark brown spots on leaflets showing concentric rings blight may cover large areas of the leaf Spray with Bordeaux mixture blade. Severely affected leaves 5:5:50 or Zineb 0.25%. may drop off. The infected fruits turn yellow and drop off Prematurely. Affected plants produce tiny leaf leaves, which are pale green in Rouge out diseased plants. Spray color. Plants become bushy due to any insecticide to control the like stimulation of axillary buds in to vector. numerous shoots of small leaves . Flowers are virescent and Sterile.

Little (VerriTegulu) Mycoplasma Organisms

Infected plants show malformation and yellowing of leaves, stunted growth and some Rouge out diseased plants. Mosaic Virus (Virus Tegulu) times show concentric rings on Spray insecticides to control the the leaf lamina. Infected plants vector. bear less number of flowers and fruits.
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CONCLUSION Plant clinic may be considered as one of the most important subject in agricultural field .In order to produce more healthier and good productivity of various crops in the it is considered necessary that we should analyze what plant clinic holds in agricultural point of view as a whole. Studies of diseases in crop field with appropriate management are must in plant clinic.

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