ACUTE GLOMERULONEPHRITIS refers to a specific set of renal diseases in which an immunologic mechanism triggers inflammation and proliferation of glomerular

tissue that can result in damage to the basement membrane, mesangium, or capillary endothelium. Acute nephritic syndrome is a group of disorders that cause inflammation of the internal kidney structures (specifically, the glomeruli). In acute glomerulonephritis, the kidneys are normal in size or enlarged and edematous, and the surface of the kidney may show punctate hemorrhages. With the development of the microscope, Langhans was later able to describe these pathophysiologic glomerular changes. Acute glomerulonephritis (AGN) is active inflammation in the glomeruli. Each kidney is composed of about 1 million microscopic filtering "screens" known as glomeruli that selectively remove uremic waste products. The inflammatory process usually begins with an infection or injury (e.g., burn, trauma), then the protective immune system fights off the infection, scar tissue forms, and the process is complete. There are many diseases that cause an active inflammation within the glomeruli. Some of these diseases are systemic (i.e., other parts of the body are involved at the same time) and some occur solely in the glomeruli. When there is active inflammation within the kidney, scar tissue may replace normal, functional kidney tissue and cause irreversible renal impairment. The severity and extent of glomerular damage focal (confined) or diffuse (widespread) determines how the disease is manifested. Glomerular damage can appear as subacute renal failure, progressive chronic renal failure (CRF); or simply a urinary abnormality such as hematuria (blood in the urine) or proteinuria (excess protein in the urine).

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS: G.U System Oliguria Hematuria Proteinuria Albuminuria G.I System Vomiting Abdominal pain Anorexia Musculoskeletal System Back pain Weakness Fatigue Respiratory System Tachypnea Dyspnea

Circulatory System RBC Potassium Sodium Cardiovascular System heart rate blood pressure Integumentary System Skin flushing Edema Diaphoresis CNS

Nausea Headache

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN NURSING

In partial fulfillment Of the course requirement In Competency Appraisal I

SUBMITTED BY: JOANA D. ELEGADO BSN 4A

SUBMITTED TO: MS. THELMA AGDA INSTRUCTOR

PATHOGENESIS:

Streptococcal Infection Microorganism circulate in the blood stream Deposition of antigen-antibody complex glomerulus Acute inflammation and damage within the nephrons including the glomerulus Proliferation of the endothelial cell lining of the glomerular capillary Leukocytes infiltration of the glomerulus Thickening of the glomerular filtration membrane Scarring and loss of glomerular filtration membrane Decrease glomerular filtration rate