Kinematics

To solve most of the questions under this topic, you can use one of the following equations. I. s = (u + v)t II. s = ut + at2 III. s = vt at2 IV. v = u + at V. v2 = u2 + 2as For projectile motion moving with a speed of u: Horizontal component of the speed = u Cosx (where x is angle of projection) Vertical component of the speed = u Sinx (where x is the angle of projection) Time (t) to reach the top of the projectile = (u Sinx)/g Range of the projectile = 2u Cosx t

Q1. A girl walks 2 meters north, 4 meters west, and 2 meters south. Her final displacement is A) 4m east B) 4m west C) 2m north D) 2m south E) 5m northwest Ans- (B) As the girl moves 2m north and then 2m south, these two displacement vectors are opposite to each other and cancel out each other. So, the total displacement is 4m west Q2. A cart is pulled by a rope making an angle of 45 to the horizontal. If 100 newtons of force are applied to the rope, the magnitude of the horizontal component is approximately A) 45 N B) 71 N C) 80 N D) 100 N E) 141 N Ans: (B) The horizontal component of the force is given by F cosx = 100 cos45 = 70.7 N Q3. A bomb is dropped from an airplane moving horizontally with a speed of 200 km per hour. If the air resistance is negligible, the bomb will reach the ground in 5 seconds when the altitude of the plane is approximately A) 50 m B) 75 m C) 125 m D) 250 m E) 300 m Ans: (C) The horizontal velocity does not affect the vertical velocity. A suitable expression for free fall. s = ut + ()gt2 and as u = 0 here, s= (1/2)gt2 = (1/2)(10)(52) = 125 m Q4. On an unknown planet, an astronaut drops an object from rest. She observes that the object falls a distance of 10 meters during a time interval of 2 seconds. What is the magnitude of the acceleration due to gravity on that planet? A) 30 m/s2 B) 25 m/s2 C) 15 m/s2

D) 10 m/s2 E) 5 m/s2 Ans: (E) Use the formula s = ut + (1/2)gt2, and because she just drops the object u = 0. s = 10, t = 2. Putting these values in the equation, we get g = 5. Q5. A handball is tossed vertically upward with a velocity of 19.6 m/s. Approximately how high will it rise? A) 15 m B) 20 m C) 25 m D) 30 m E) 60 m Ans: (B) Here, we just know the initial velocity(u) and we have to find the distance(s). But as we want to find the maximum height it reached, we also know that the final velocity(v) = 0 and a = -g. So, we can use the equation v2 = u2 + 2as. Putting the values, we get s = 19.6 m Q6. A projectile is launched at an angle of 45 with a velocity of 250 meters per second. If air resistance is neglected, the magnitude of the horizontal velocity of the projectile at the time it reaches maximum altitude is equal to A) 0m/s B) 175 m/s C) 200 m/s D) 250 m/s E) 300 m/s Ans: (B) The horizontal component of the velocity remains constant in the absence of any resistive force. The horizontal component is given by u cos x = 250 cos 45 = (250)(0.7) = 175 m/s Q7. A projectile is launched horizontally with a velocity of 25 meters per second from the top of a 75 meter cliff. How many seconds will the projectile take to reach the bottom? A) 15.5 B) 9.75 C) 6.31 D) 4.27 E) 3.91 Ans: (E)

s = ut + (1/2)at2 Q8. A projectile is launched from the ground with an initial velocity of 75 m/s at an angle of 25. If air resistance is negligible, what is the acceleration of the object at the maximum height? A) 0 B) 0.5g C) 0.7g D) g E) 2g Ans: (D) At the maximum height, the acceleration is still equal to g even though the object has stopped moving vertically. Q9. At a launch angle of 45, the range of the launched projectile is A) u2/g B) 2u2/g C) u2/2g D) (u2/2g) E) 2u/g Ans: (A) The formula for range of the projectile is R = (u2 sin2x)/g Here x = 45 => R = u2/g Q10. Which of the following sentences describes an example of instantaneous velocity? A) The hot-air balloon rose upward 42 meters in 12 seconds B) The pitcher can throw a baseball that moves at 42 meters per second C) At the age of 16, Jessica Watson sailed 23,000 nautical miles around the world in 210 days. D) The runner moved 18 kilometers in her first 2 hours of the marathon E) At the 10-second mark, the submersible was sinking downward at 25 meters per second. Q11. How long does it take a car to travel 50 m if it accelerates at a constant rate of 3 m/s2? A) 3.05 s B) 4.08 s C) 5.77 s D) 12.2 s E) 16.7 s

Q12. An object thats moving with constant speed travels once around a circular path. True statements about this motion include which of the following? I. The displacement is zero II. The average speed is zero III. The acceleration is zero A) I only B) I and II only C) I and III only D) III only E) II and III only Ans: (A) Q13. Which of the following must always be true? I. If an objects acceleration is constant, then it must move in a straight line. II. If an objects acceleration is zero, then its speed must remain constant. III. If an objects speed remains constant, then its acceleration must be zero. A) I and II only B) I and III only C) II only D) III only E) II and III only Ans: ( C) Q14. A rock is dropped off a cliff and strikes the ground with an impact velocity of 30 m/s. How high was the cliff? A) 15 m B) 20 m C) 30 m D) 45 m E) 60 m Ans: (D) v2 = u2 + 2as Here u = 0, v = 30m/s and g = 10 m/s2 s = v2/2a = (30)2/2(10) = 45

Q14. A soccer ball, at rest on the ground, is kicked with an initial velocity of 10 m/s at a launch angle of 30. What is the total flight time, assuming that air resistance is negligible. A) 0.5 s B) 1 s C) 1.7 s D) 2 s E) 4 s Ans: (B) Total flight time is twice the value it takes to reach the top of the trajectory and we know that at the top of trajectory, v = 0 v = u + at t = uy/a = u sinx/g = (10)sin30/10 = 0.5 2t = 2(0.5) = 1 Q15. A projectile is launched horizontally from a flat roof of height h and with a velocity v. If the height is kept constant and the velocity is doubled(ignoring air resistance), the time the projectile takes to reach the ground will A) double B) quadruple C) halve D) quarter E) remain the same Ans: (E) The time the projectile takes to reach the ground does not depend on the horizontal velocity. Since the height of the roof has not changed, the time the projectile takes to fall stays the same. Q16. For a projectile launched from the ground at a 90 angle, the maximum height reached is given by A) 2u2 B) u2/2g C) u2/g D) u2g E) 2u2g Ans: (B) Maximum height = u2sin2x/2g = u2/2g

Q17. Which of the following statements is true concerning the motion of an ideal projectile launched at an angle of 45 to the horizontal? A) The acceleration vector points opposite to the velocity vector on the way up and in the same direction as the velocity vector on the way down. B) The speed at the top of the trajectory is zero. C) The objects total speed remains constant during the entire flight. D) The horizontal speed decreases on the way up and increases on the way down. E) The vertical speed decreases on the way up and increases on the way down. Ans: (E)