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ctuator sizing depends on the various valve torque values, minimum supply pressure and actuator-valve safety margins/factors considered to cover the service life of the valve. When sizing pneumatic actuators for fail-safe valves, torque safety factors can vary depending on project specications, and valve torques can vary from break to open, running and end to close positions. End-users normally determine the valve safety factor during the design stage and valve manufacturers, therefore, do not need to add extra contingencies. Essentially, these safety margins are determined with the goal that the valve should operate smoothly throughout its
Fig.2 Spring Return Cam Actuator applications where there are valve MAST issues to consider. For the spring direction of any pneumatic actuator, the spring size has to be large enough to ensure the end of spring torque closes the valve with the specied safety margin built in. With a conventional scotch-yoke actuator, the air side is not independent of the spring side. This means during the air stroke, the actuator air cylinder not only has to be a large enough diameter to produce sufcient torque with the specied safety margin to break the valve from its seat, but it also has to overcome the spring force which increases as it moves from 0 (spring extended) position to 90 (spring compressed) position! The result is a dimensionally large scotchyoke actuator, producing extremely high break torques resulting in the maximum torque output from the actuator reaching or even exceeding the valve MAST value. To overcome this problem when valve MAST issues occur, many customers are adopting an actuator design which utilises a unique cam mechanism working in conjunction with a self contained spring module. This design offers two primary benets: 1) The mathematically derived cam prole maintains a constant Moment Arm
48 March 2011
throughout the actuator stroke. This ensures a constant torque output is achieved for the full 90 travel of the actuator. 2) The self-contained spring module operates independently from the cam mechanism during the air stroke. This is achieved using a secondary air piston sized solely to compress the spring. Thus, unlike many other spring return actuators where the torque is signicantly reduced compared to its double acting version, the cam actuator has the same constant torque output for both double acting and spring return versions. When using scotch yoke actuators, it is common practice to include a pressure regulator in conjunction with a relief valve into the pneumatic circuit control system when faced with valve MAST issues. However, it is the inherent design of the cam principle actuator itself which enables plant operators to install automated valves that meet their design considerations reducing the risk of valve stem damage. An added benet exists in that the cam actuator is physically smaller than the comparable spring return scotch yoke actuator, allowing for space savings to be achieved across the plant.
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