Name: - Form: - Date: - Lesson 1 - Linear Motion A) Introduction

Forces & Motion SMKSI-mai-06
Name : __________________________________ Form :

___________
Date : _____________
LESSON 1 - LINEAR MOTION
A) Introduction
1. Linear motion
___________________________________________________________________
_________________________________.
2. Kinematics
_____________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
_______
______________________________________________________________
_______.
3. Dynamics
_____________________________________________________________________.
4. Distance ,d and Displacement, s
* Distance ,d is
________________________________________________________________ or the
length of the path of an object. Distance is __________________ and the value
________________.The unif of distance is ___________________.
* Displacement , s ___________________________________________.
Displacement ,s = final position – initial position. Displacement is
_______________________ and the value can be positive and negative depend
on their directions. The unif of dispacement is ____________
Diagram below shows the difference between distance and displacement.
1
Distance = Length of the road

Displacement = Length of the line AB
If the motion in a straight line and in one direction, the magnitude of

distance is same as the magnitude of displacement .
5. Speed and Velocity ,v
* Speed is the rate of change of distance.
Speed = ________________________
Average speed = _________________________
Speed is a scalar quantity and the value always positive. The unif of speed
is metre per second (m s-1)
* Velocity is the rate of change of displacement.
Velocity = ______________________
v= s
t
Average velocity = __________________________
Velocity is ______________________ and the value can be positive and

negative depend on their directions. The unit of velocity is
_____________________________________
If an object moves in a circle with constant speed , it has different velocities

at different points along the circle because the direction and hence the
velocity of the object is always changing as shown in the following diagram.
6. Acceleration,a and Deceleration(Retardation)
2
* Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity.

Acceleration = change in velocity
time taken
Acceleration = final velocity – initial velocity
time taken
a = v - u
t
Negative acceleration is called as deceleration (retardation). Acceleration is
a vector quantity
The unif of acceleration or deceleration is metre per second per second (ms-
2
)
Extra notes
1 uniform = constant = same

2 increasing velocity = acceleration
3 decreasing velocity (slow down) = deceleration
4 zero velocity = the object is stationary (at rest)
5 negative velocity = the object moves in opposite
direction
6 uniform velocity = zero acceleration
7 negative acceleration = deceleration (retardation)
Example 1
A boy walks finish the following path AB. Solution
Find
(a) total dinstance traveled
(b) displacement
Example 2
Solution
3
Figure above shows runner runs 500 m towards east in 2 minutes and
1200m towards north in 4 minutes.
Calculate his
(a) average speed
(b) average velocity
Example 3
An object accelerates uniformly along a straight line from a velocity of 10

m s-1 until 25 m s-1 in 5 s.
Calculate
(a) the acceleration of the object
(b) the velocity of the object during the first 10 s of motion
(c) the time taken to reach a final velocity 50 ms-1
Solution
a) b)
c)
B) Ticker Timer
1. Using a ticker timer to analyzing the motion
4
A ticker timer is connected to an alternating electricity supply (a.c.) and

uses the mains electricity frequency of 50 Hz to make 50 ticks or vibrations
every second. 1 tick is the time interval between one dot and the next dot
on the tape.
50 ticks = 1 s
1 tick = 0.02s
Example 4 Solution
a)
Based on the ticker tape above calculate

(a) time taken b)
(b) average volocity
Example 5
Based on the figure above, calculate the acceleration .
Solution
Example 6
5
The figure above shows a ticker tape contains 5 ticks for every interval
AB.BC.CD and DE .Calculate
the acceleration.
Solution
Example 7
The following figure shows a tape chart.
Calcluate
(a) the acceleration
(b) the average velocity
Solution
a) b)
6
2. The type of motion based on ticker tape or tape chart

(i)
The type of motion is ____________________________________________
(ii)
The type of motion is
velocity acceleration
7
(iii)

(iv)
8
(v)

C) Using a stroboscopic photograph to analyzing the motion
Stroboscopic photograph is the taking of very short –exposure pictures of

moving objects using a camera and a stroboscope. A stroboscope is a
device for making a moving body intermittently visible in order to make
appear stationary. The moving object appear ‘freeze’ when the
stroboscope frequency at the same frequency of moving object. There
are two types of stroboscopes:
(i) Mechanical stroboscope
Stroboscopic photograph frequency = stroboscope frequency x

number of slits or f = np
9
(ii) Electronic stroboscope ( multiflash stroboscope )
Stroboscopic photograph frequency = light flashes frequency
Example 8
The following figure a stroboscopic photograph shows a metal ball

moves along a horizontal plane. The photograph is taken by by using a
camera and a mechanical stroboscope rotates with frequency 5 Hz.
(a) State the type of motion of the metal ball.

(b) What is the stroboscopic fotograph frequency
(c) What is the time intervals between one image and the next.
(d) What is the number of images in 30 seconds.
(e) Calculate the average velocity of the metal ball
Solution
a) b)
c) d)
10
e)
Example 9
The following figure a stroboscopic photograph shows a trolley down an

inclined plane. The photograph is taken by using a camera and an electronic
stroboscope produces 20 flashes per second.
11
(a) State the type of motion of the trolley.

(b) What is the stroboscopic photograph frequency
(c) What is the time intervals between one image and the next.
(d) Calculate
(i) the initial velocity
(ii) the final velocity
(iii) the acceleration
Solution
a) b)
c) d) i)
ii)
iii)
D)Using Equations of Linear Motion with Uniform Acceleration
The various equations of linear motions of an object with uniform

acceleration are given as follows:
v = u + at ……………………….(1)
s= u+v t ………………………..(2)
2
s = ut + ½ at2 ………………………..(3)
v2 = u2 + 2as ………………………..(4)
Where s :_______________________________
12
u :_______________________________
v :_______________________________
a :_______________________________
t :_______________________________
Extra notes:
moves from rest : ____________________________

finally it stops/brakes:____________________________
released from a height / fall freely from rest
:__________________________
thrown vertically upwards:___________________________
at maximum height :________________________
Example 10
A car accelerates from rest to 25 m s-1 in 4 s.Find the acceleration of

the car.
Solution
Example 1
A bus accelerates uniformly along a straight line from a velocity 20 ms-1

until 30 ms-1 in 5 s.
Calculate,
(a) the acceleration
(b) the total displacement travelled by the bus
Solution
a) b)
13
Example 12
A construction worker accidentally knocks a brick from a building so that it

falls in 4 s to the ground. Calculate
(a) the velocity of the brick as it hits the ground
(b) the distance fallen of the brick
Solution
a) b)
TUTORIAL 1
1 A car moves with a constant velocity. The acceleration of the car

is
A increased B decreased
C zero D uniformly
2 Deceleration means the velocity of an object is
14
A negative B positive
C increased D decreased
3 The following figure shows an object moves with a constant speed 5 m s-1
in a circle.
The object is also moves with
A an acceleration
B zero acceleration
C constant velocity
4 The figure shows a path of a moving object.
If AB = 5m , BC = 5m and CD = 7m ,find the total displacement of

the object if it moves from
A to D.
A 3m B 7m
C 13 m D 17 m
E 20 m
5 Ali rides a motocycle with a constant speed 30 km j-1 . Bakar runs at a

dinstace 100 m in 15 s. Chan rides a bicycle at dinstance 240 km in 10
hours. Which comparison is true?
15
A Speed of Ali = speed of Bakar

B Speed of Ali = speed of Bakar = speed of Chan
C Speed of Ali > speed of Bakar
D Speed of Ali =speed of Chan > speed of Bakar
E Speed of Bakar = Speed of Chan < speed of Ali
6 A tick on the ticker tapes is
A the speed of the ticker timer

B the frequency of the ticker timer
C the dinstace between two consecutive dots
D the time interval between two consecutive dots
7 The frequency of a ticker timer is 50 Hz. The time interval between two
consecutive dots is
A 0.60 s B 0.44 s
C 0.32 s D 0.30 s
E 0.20 s
8 Figure shows the ticker tape for the motion of a trolly.
Which of the following statement is true?
A The volcity between in region DE is same as the velocity in region A

B
B Frequency in region BC is greater than frekuency in region DE
C The time in region AB is same as the time in region DE
D The velocity between in region CD is low
16
Based on the figure above, calculate the average velocity.
A 0.2 ms-1 B 0.3 ms-1

C 0.4 ms-1 D 0.5 ms-1
E 0.5 ms-1
10 What is the average velocity between PQ in the above figure?
A 85 cms-1 B 170 cms-1

B 200 cms-1 C 240 cms-1
E 500 cms-1
11
What is the final velocity as shown in figure above?
A 40 cms-1 B 120 cms-1

C 150 cms-1 D 267 cms-1 E 420 cms-1
13
Based on the figure above , calculate the acceleration.

A 2 ms-2 B 4 ms-2
C 5 ms-2 D 8 ms-2
E 10 ms -2
14 Based on the figure above , calculate the acceleration.
A -5 ms-2 B - 50 ms-2
C - 500 ms-2 D 50 ms-2
E 500 ms-2
17
15 The following figure shows a tape chart.
Based on figure , which of the following is true?
At the beginning of At the end of

motion motion
A the velocity unchanged the acceleration
increases
B the velocity increases the acceleration
increases
C the velocity increases the acceleration
unchanged
D the velocity unchanged the acceleration
unchanged
16 Which of the following shows an object moving with decreasing

acceleration ?
17 The following figure is a stroboscopic photograph shows a ball moves

on a smooth table.
Which of the following is true?
A The acceleration is constant
B The velocity is increasing
C The acceleration is zero
18
D The velocity is zero

18 A stroboscope has 4 slits and rotates with frequency 5 Hz. The time
intervals between two successive images is
A 40.0 s B 2.0 s
C 1.0 s D 0.4 s
E 0.05 s
19 The following figure a stroboscopic photograph shows an ice cube

moves along a horizontal plane. The photograph is taken by using a
camera and a mechanical stroboscope has 2 slits and rotates with
frequency 25 Hz.
What is the velocity of the ice cube?
A 5 cms-1 B 25 cms-1
C 100 cms-1 D 250 cms-1
E 500 cms-1
20 The following figure a stroboscopic photograph shows a ball moves

along a horizontal plane. The photograph is taken by by using a camera
and an electronic
stroboscope produces 50 flashes per second.
Calculate the average velocity of the ball.
A 0. 5 ms-1 B 1.0 ms-1

C 1.5 ms-1 D 2.0 ms-1
E 3.0 ms-1
19
21 The following figure a stroboscopic photograph shows a boy down an

inclined plane. The photograph is taken by using a camera and an
electronic stroboscope produces 4 flashes per second.
The acceleration of the boy is
A 6ms-2 B 12 ms-2
C 24 ms-2 D 32 ms-2
E 48 ms-2
22 A cyclist riding at a velocity 8 ms-1 and is accelerating with 4 ms-2 .

What is the velocity of the cyclist after 5 s .
A 16 ms-1 B 20ms-1
C 24 ms-1 D 28 ms-1
E 32 ms-1
23 A rocket starts at velocity 2500 ms-1 and accelerates uniformly upwards

at 20 ms-2 . What is the velocity of the rocket after 4 minutes.
A 4800 ms-1 B 5000 ms-1

C 6800 ms-1 D 7300 ms-1
E 7500 ms -1
24 A trolley starts from rest and is uniformly accelerated to speed of 12

cms-1 in 5 . What is the distance traveled by the trolley?
A 16 cm B 24 cm
C 28 cm D 30 cm
E 42 cm
20
25 A car starts from rest and accelerates uniformly and after travels at
distance 45m the velocity of the car is 20 ms-1 . What is the time
taken?
A 4.5 s B 9.0 s
C 13.5 s D 18.0 s
E 22.4 s
26 A airplane accelerates at 40 ms-2 in 10 s to take off. What is the

minimum length of the runway on the airfield?
A 1000 m B 2000 m
C 3000 m D 4000 m
E 5000 m
27 A car starts from rest and accelerates uniformly . If the distance reached
is 900 m after travels in 30 s, calculate the acceleration of the car.
A 5 ms -2 B 4 ms-2
C 3 ms-2 D 2 ms-2
E 1 ms-2
28 A lorry start from rest and accelerates at 10 ms-2. What is the velocity of
the lorry after travels for a distance 20m ?
A 10 ms-1 B 20ms-1
C 40 ms -1
D 80 ms-1
E 100 ms-1
29 A car travels with a velocity 15 ms-1 . It then accelerates uniformly and
travels a distance of 12.5 m. If the velocity reached is 10 ms-1 find the
acceleration of the car.
A –5.0 ms-2 B –2.5 ms-2

C 2.5 ms-2 D 5.0 ms-2
E 7.5 ms-2
30 A car moves with a velocity 40 ms-1 . After the brakes of the car is
applied ,it moves 100 m more before coming to rest. Calculate the
deceleration of the car.
A 4 ms-2 B 8 ms-2
C 12 ms-2 D 16 ms-2
E 20 ms-2
21
31 A lorry moves with a velocity 20 ms-1. After the brakes of the car is
applied it moves for a distance 4 m before coming to rest. What is the
time taken before it stops?
A 10 s B 8s
C 6s D 4s
E 2s
32 A stone fall freely from rest through a height of 5 m. What is the velocity
of the stone when it hits the ground.
A 5 ms-1 B 10 ms-1
C 15 ms -1
D 20ms-1
E 30 ms-1
33 A coconut falls vertically to the ground. If the coconut takes 1.5 s to fall
to the ground, calculate the height from which it fell.
A 8.45 m B 11.25 m
C 15.00 m D 22.50 m
E 31.25m
34 A metal sphere falls 125m vertically to the ground. What is the time the
metal sphere takes to reach the ground?
A 2s B 4s
C 5s D 8s
E 10 s
35 A ball is thrown vertically upwards from the ground with a velocity of 20

ms-1. Calculate the maximum height reached.
A 60 m B 40 m
C 30 m D 20 m
E 10 m
22
36 The table (a) and (b) shows the distances traveled and the times taken
for four students in a competition
Student Distance/ Time/ s

m
P 100 20
Q 120 20
Table (a)
Student Distance/ Time/ s

m
R 100 20
S 100 15
Table (b)
(a) Compare the speeds of the
(i) student P dan student Q
(ii) student R dan student S
(b) State the relationship between

(i) the speed and the distance in table (a)
(ii) the speed and the distance in table (b)
(c) Based on the relationship in (b),state the definition of speed.
23
38 The following figure shows a tape chart . The chart is produced by the
motion of a trolly.The ticker timer used a supply voltage 12 V a.c. at 50
Hz.
(a) Describe the type of motion is shown in the tape chart.
(b) What ishe time interval between two consecutive dots ?
(c) Calculate
(i) the minimum velocity
(ii) the maximum velocity
(iii) the average velocity.
(iv) the acceleration.
24
39 The following equation shows the equations of linear motion of an object

with uniform acceleration.
v = u + at
(a) (i) What is meant by the symbol of ‘a’
(ii) Give the definition of the symbol of ‘a’
(b) (i) What is the information can you get from the term of ‘at’
(ii) What is the S.I. units for the term of ‘at’
(c) The above equation can also be used for an object in state of free-fall.
A stone fall freely to the ground from rest in 4 s.
(i) What is meant by ‘fall freely’?
(ii) Calculate the velocity of the stone when it hits the ground.
40 Each figure below shows two positions of a student on a swing. The

initial position in each figure is different.
Observe the positions of each of the swing in each diagram and the
appearance of the student when she swings. Based on the observations:
25
(a) State one suitable inference that can be made.

(b) State one appropriate hypothesis for an investigation.
(c) With the use of apparatus such as trolley, ticker timer and other
apparatus, describe an experimental framework to test your
hypothesis.
In your description, state clearly the following:
(i) Aim of the experiment

(ii) Variables in the experiment
(iii) List of apparatus and materials
(iv) Arrangement of the apparatus
(v) The procedure of the experiment which include the
method of controlling the manipulated variable and the
method of measuring the responding variable.
(vi) Way you would tabulate the data
(vii) Way you would analysis the data
26

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Forces & Motion SMKSI-mai-06

Name : __________________________________ Form :

LESSON 1 - LINEAR MOTION

4. Distance ,d and Displacement, s

Diagram below shows the difference between distance and displacement.

Distance = Length of the road

If the motion in a straight line and in one direction, the magnitude of

5. Speed and Velocity ,v

* Speed is the rate of change of distance.

Average speed = _________________________

* Velocity is the rate of change of displacement.

Velocity is ______________________ and the value can be positive and

If an object moves in a circle with constant speed , it has different velocities

6. Acceleration,a and Deceleration(Retardation)

* Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity.

1 uniform = constant = same

A boy walks finish the following path AB. Solution

An object accelerates uniformly along a straight line from a velocity of 10

1. Using a ticker timer to analyzing the motion

A ticker timer is connected to an alternating electricity supply (a.c.) and

Based on the ticker tape above calculate

Based on the figure above, calculate the acceleration .

The following figure shows a tape chart.

2. The type of motion based on ticker tape or tape chart

The type of motion is ____________________________________________

The type of motion is

The type of motion is

The type of motion is

The type of motion is

C) Using a stroboscopic photograph to analyzing the motion

Stroboscopic photograph is the taking of very short –exposure pictures of

(i) Mechanical stroboscope

Stroboscopic photograph frequency = stroboscope frequency x

(ii) Electronic stroboscope ( multiflash stroboscope )

Stroboscopic photograph frequency = light flashes frequency

The following figure a stroboscopic photograph shows a metal ball

(a) State the type of motion of the metal ball.

The following figure a stroboscopic photograph shows a trolley down an

(a) State the type of motion of the trolley.

The various equations of linear motions of an object with uniform

moves from rest : ____________________________

A car accelerates from rest to 25 m s-1 in 4 s.Find the acceleration of

A bus accelerates uniformly along a straight line from a velocity 20 ms-1

A construction worker accidentally knocks a brick from a building so that it

1 A car moves with a constant velocity. The acceleration of the car

2 Deceleration means the velocity of an object is

4 The figure shows a path of a moving object.

If AB = 5m , BC = 5m and CD = 7m ,find the total displacement of

5 Ali rides a motocycle with a constant speed 30 km j-1 . Bakar runs at a

A Speed of Ali = speed of Bakar

6 A tick on the ticker tapes is

A the speed of the ticker timer

8 Figure shows the ticker tape for the motion of a trolly.

Which of the following statement is true?

A The volcity between in region DE is same as the velocity in region A

Based on the figure above, calculate the average velocity.

A 0.2 ms-1 B 0.3 ms-1

10 What is the average velocity between PQ in the above figure?

A 85 cms-1 B 170 cms-1

What is the final velocity as shown in figure above?

A 40 cms-1 B 120 cms-1

Based on the figure above , calculate the acceleration.

14 Based on the figure above , calculate the acceleration.