Based on the Newton’s Second Law of

LESSON 5 motion,
The effects of a force a α F

Definition of force a α1
m
Force is defined as anything that changes
the state of rest or motion of an object we obtain a α F
moving in a straight line. m
Force is a vector quantity which has both a =kF
direction and magnitude m

The S.I. unit for force is N or kg m s-2 F = kma

Force is measured by using a Spring Balance In S.I. units , the definition of a force of 1 N
is given as the amount of force which is
The effects of a force applied on a mass of 1 kg and which causes
it to experience an acceleration of 1 ms-2
A force can Thus,
• move a stationary object 1 N = k ( 1 kg ) ( 1 ms-2 )
• stop a moving object Thus k=1
• accelerate a moving object
• decelerate a moving object Therefore F = ma
• change the direction of a moving Where F = net force
object m = mass
• alters the size of the object a=
acceleration
• alters the shape of the object

NEWTON ‘S LAWS OF MOTION

Newton’s First Law : An object will

remain at rest or continue
with a constant speed in
a straight line unless
acted on by an
unbalanced force.

Newton’s Second Law : The acceleration of a

body ,a, is directly
proportional to the net
force acting on it, F , and
Example 1
inversely proportional to
its mass, m.

Newton’s Third Law : For every action there

is an equal and opposite
reaction.
Two forces act horizontally to a block of wood
The relationship between the of mass 4 kg as shown in figure above. What
acceleration,a ,the net force ,F and is the acceleration and the direction of
the mass , m. motion of the block.

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Solution

Example 2

An object of mass 2 kg is pulled on the floor

by a force of 5 N and having a constant
velocity.
(a) What is the frictional force between the
object and the floor.
(b) Calculate the acceleration of the object if
the object is pulled by a 17 N force?
Solution
Example 4
When traveling at 120 km h-1 a car has to
overcome a drag force due to air resistance
of 900 N. If the car has a mass of 1000 kg,
determine the average force that the motor
needs to apply if it is to accelerate at 5.0 ms-
2
.

Solution

Example 3

A bus of mass 2 000 kg travels with a

uniform velocity
40 ms-1 for a distance 2500 m before it
comes to rest. Calculate
(a) the average deceleration of the bus
(b) the average force applied by the brakes
to bring the bus to a standstill

Solution

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 C Mass of M > Mass of N

3 Which of the following graph is true to

show the relationship between the
acceleration,a , the mass , m and the
force ,F
4 Which of the following objects acted on
by a pair of forces will accelerate?

5 The figure shows forces , F1 and F2 ,

exerted on a wooden block placed on a
table surface. The friction between the
block and the table surface is 2 N.

TUTORIA
L5
1 1 N is equivalent to

A 1 kg ms-1 B 1 kg ms-2
C 1 ms kg-1 D 1 kg s m-1

2 Which of following is not effects of a Which pair of forces F1 and F2 causes the
constant force? wooden block to move with an
acceleration?
A Change the direction of motion
B Change the shape of an object F1 / N F2/ N
C Change the velocity of a moving
object A 5 7
D Change the acceleration of a moving B 3 5
object C 6 4
D 3 2
3 The figure shows the graph of motion for E 4 1
two objects M and N is acted on by a
same force. 6 An object of mass 0.2 kg is pulled on a
smooth floor by a force of 8 N. What is
the acceleration of the object ?

A 20 ms-2 B 40 ms-2
C 60 ms-2 D 80 ms-2
E 160 ms-2
Which comparision is correct about the
mass of M and N? 7 Figure shows an object of mass 2 kg is
pulled on a floor by a force of 15 N. The
A Mass of M = Mass of N frictional force between the object and
B Mass of M < Mass of N the floor is 3 N.
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 placed on a table surface. The friction
force between the block and the table
surface is 2 N.

Two forces P and Q exerted on the

wooden block in three difference
situations.The magnitude of P and Q are
5 N and 12 N respectively.
The following table shows the situations
and the resultant force occurred.
.
What is the acceleration of the object? Situation Resultant
A 2 ms-2 B 5 ms-2 force
C 6 ms -2 D 8 ms-2 A 17 N
E 10 ms -2 B 13 N
C 7N
9 A box with a mass 3 kg is pushed along a
rough surface with a force 10 N. If the (a) What is meant by the resultant force?
acceleration of the box is 3 ms-2 ,
what is the frictional force between the …………………………………………………
box and the rough surface? ………..
(b) Draw the forces P and Q in figure (a)
A 0.5 N B 1.0N ,(b) and (c) which produced the
resultant force as shown in the table
C 1.5 N D 2.0 N above.

E 2.5 N

10 A car of mass 1 200 kg travelliling at 20

ms-1 is brought to rest over a distance 40
m. Find the average braking force.

A 5N B 240 N
C 2 400 N D 6 000 N

E 1 2000 N

11 A particle of mass 0.02 kg is moving with (c) Later on the wooden block is pulled
a velocity by a force of 20 N on a rough table
10 ms-1 on a smooth surface . A force 5 N
acts on the particle such that its velocity
increases to 15 m s-1. For how long will
the force act on the particle?

A 0.01 s B 0.02 s
C 0.1 s D 0.2 s surface as shown in figure (d)
E 1.0 s If the acceleration of the block is 6
ms-2,
12 Figure shows a wooden block of mass 2
kg resting on a frictionless surface.
35
 (i) Calculate the magnitude of the (c) If the wooden block is pulled by a 18
friction force between the block N force ,
and the rough table surface. calculate
(i) the acceleration of the wooden
block?

(ii) Suggest two methods to reduce (ii) the velocity of the wooden block
the magnitude of the friction after 4 s.
force.

……………………………………………
…. (d) Two identical wooden blocks B and C is
placed on the wooden block A as shown
…………………………………………… in figure (b).
….

……………………………………………
….

……………………………………………
….
13 Figure (a) shows a spring balance (i) What is the friction force between the
which is pulling a wooden block A wooden blocks and the rough
with a force of magnitude 10 N on a surface?
rough surface. The block is moving
with a uniform velocity of 2 ms-1.

(ii) What is the force is needed to move

the wooden blocks with an
acceleration is same as the
acceleration in (c)(i).
(a)What is the friction force between
the wooden block A and the rough
surface.

(b) (i) What is observed on the reading

of the spring
balance if a smaller surface area
of the wooden block A to touch
14 Figure (a) shows a car is pulling a boat
the rough surface.
and moving without the boat
respectively.
……………………………………………
Figure (b) shows the car is moving
…................
without the boat.
(ii) Give a reason for your answer in
Observe the Figure(a) and (b).
(b)(i).
Compare the mass and the
acceleration of the moving objects.
…………………………………………………
Relate the mass and the acceleration
……….
of the moving objects to deduce a
relevant physics concept.
…………………………………………………
……….
15

36
 The motocycle and the lorry stop
Figure (a)

The motocycle and the lorry

accelerate
Figure (b)
Each figure below shows a motocycle
and a lorry in two situations at a traffic
light.
Observe the situations of the motocycle
and the lorry of each diagram.
Based on the observations:

(a) State one suitable inference that

can be made.
(b) State one apporopriate hypothesis
for an investigation.
(c) With the use of apparatus such as
trolley, ticker timer and other
apparatus , describe an experimental
framework to test your hypothesis.
In your description , state clearly the
following:
(i) Aim of the experiment
(ii) Variables in the experiment
(iii) List of apparatus and materials
(iv) Arrangement of the apparatus
(v) The procedure of the
experiment which
include the method of controlling
the manipulated variable and the
method of measuring the
responding variable.
(vi) Way you wouldtabulate the
data
(vii) Way you would analysis the
data

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