Environmental sciences, at PubMed, selected innovative papers, updated September 16, 2013:

http://5bio5.blogspot.com/2013/09/environmental-sciences-biosciences-at.html

also see:
http://5bio5.blogspot.com/2012/09/environmental-and-biosciences-at-pubmed.html All these articles are at PubMed. However, PubMed does not show the abstracts of all of these papers. The abstracts of these papers are presented here, see them below. What was updated: Some abstracts were added. List of the papers (environmental science, water science, ecotoxicology, water quality improvement) authored and coauthored by Moscow State University, indexed at PubMed, selected. Also indexed by Web of Science, and Scopus. All papers contain new facts and fundamental conceptual innovations. Updated: September 16, 2013: KEY WORDS: priorities, fundamentals, ecology, environmental, science, life, bioassay, biomedical, sciences, geosciences, ecosystems, biosphere, organisms, levels, life systems, manmade impacts, anthropogenic, effects, terrestrial, aquatic, research, topics, hazards, pollutants, xenobiotics, aquatic, water, purification, quality, filtration, bivalves, surfactants, detergents, biosphere, SDS, sodium dodecylsulfate; TX100, Triton X-100; TDTMA, tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide; functioning, function, molluscs, mollusks, mussels, oysters, Unio, tumidus, U. pictorum, Mytilus, galloprovincialis, edulis, Crassostrea gigas, ecological, hazard, sublethal, concentrations, synthetic, self-purification, bioassay, innovation, theory, new, conceptualization, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, experimental, systems, Ceratophyllum demersum, phytoremediation, innovations, hot topics, 1. The aquatic macrophyte Ceratophyllum demersum immobilizes Au nanoparticles after their addition to water. Ostroumov S.A., Kolesov G.M. Doklady Biological Sciences (Dokl. Biol. Sci.), 2010 Mar-Apr; 431: 124-127. Affiliation: M.V.Lomonosov Moscow State University, V.I.Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation; PMID: 20506851 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] [ Pleiades Publishing, Ltd., ISSN 00124966]. DOI: 10.1134/S0012496610020158. http://scipeople.com/publication/69766/ . Full text see online free: http://www.scribd.com/doc/45579375; Abstract: This is the first time it was shown that the nanoparticles of gold (Au) in substantial amount bind to the living biomass of the aquatic macrophyte, Ceratophyllum demersum. The concentrations of Au were measured in the samples of the phytomass using neutron activation analysis (NAA). As a result of the binding and/or immobilization of the nanoparticles, the amount of Au in the samples of the phytomass increased manifold (by a factor of 430) above the background level of gold in the plant tissues. The increase was by two orders of magnitude. The new data added some new information to the modern vision of the multifunctional role of the biota in the migration of elements in aquatic ecosystems. Also, the result added new information to the studies of interactions of Au with organisms that may contribute to new biotechnologies.
Full text: http://www.scribd.com/doc/45579375; The article is indexed by PubMed. It is on SpringerLink. www.springerlink.com/index/J487667871W02H28.pdf; http://www.springerlink.com/content/j487667871w02h28/; DOI: 10.1134/S0012496610020158; ISSN 0012-4966,

-*-*-*-*2. Decreasing the measurable concentrations of Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb in the water of the experimental systems containing Ceratophyllum demersum: the phytoremediation potential. Ostroumov S.A., Shestakova T.V. Doklady Biological Sciences (Dokl. Biol. Sci.) 2009 Sep-Oct; 428:444-447. PMID: 19994786 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]. Abstract: Discovery of the fact that aquatic plants C. demersum induced a removal of the heavy metals Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb from water. Using the method of inversion voltamperometry, the concentrations of the heavy metals Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb were measured in the water of the experimental microcosms. Aquatic macrophytes Ceratophyllum demersum were incubated in some of the microcosms. The measured concentrations of all four metals decreased in the microcosms with macrophytes much faster than in the control microcosms without any macrophytes. [publisher: MAIK Nauka/Interperiodica] DOI: 10.1134/S0012496609050159; www.springerlink.com/index/ML1062K7271L318N.pdf; https://www.researchgate.net/file.FileLoader.html?key=8fd8998627b86102db72c9b237c25054; http://sites.google.com/site/9dbs444/decreasing-the-measurable-concentrations-of-cu-zn-cd-andpb-in-the-water; PMID: 19994786 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE];
DOI: 10.1134/S0012496609050159; Full text online free: https://sites.google.com/site/9dbs444/decreasing-the-measurable-concentrations-of-cu-zn-cd-and-pb-in-thewater

-*-*-*-*3. Aquatic ecosystem as a bioreactor: water purification and some other functions. Ostroumov S.A. Rivista di Biologia / Biology Forum ( Riv. Biol.), 2004 Jan-Apr; 97(1):67-78. PMID: 15648211 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15648211; http://scipeople.com/uploads/materials/4389/4Rivista.Biologia97p39Aquatic..Bioreactor.RTF ; http://direct.bl.uk/bld/PlaceOrder.do?UIN=159337168&ETOC=RN&from=searchengine; Publisher ANICIA S.R.L.; Country of publication Italy; ISSN 0035-6050; Full text: http://www.scribd.com/doc/48097462/-4Rivista-Biologia97p39Aquatic-Bioreactor; Abstract: Ostroumov S. A. Aquatic ecosystem as a bioreactor: water purification and some other functions. - Rivista di Biologia / Biology Forum. 2004. vol. 97. p. 39-50. The author formulated a new fundamental concept of aquatic ecosystem as a bioreactor that carries out the function of water purification in natural water bodies and streams. According to his new concept, the ecosystem as a bioreactor has the following characteristic attributes: (1) it is a large-scale (large-volume) bioreactor; (2) it is a diversified (in terms of the number of taxa and the scope of functional activities) bioreactor; (3) it possesses a broad range of biocatalytic (chemicaltransforming and degrading) capabilities. New experimental data on xenobiotics-induced inhibition of the functioning of the molluscs Unio tumidus, U. pictorum, M. galloprovincialis and Limnaea stagnalis emphasize the potential ecological hazard from sublethal concentrations of pollutants (including those exemplified by synthetic surfactants and detergents). -*-*-*-*4. On the biotic self-purification of aquatic ecosystems: elements of the theory. Ostroumov S.A. Doklady Biological Sciences (Dokl. Biol. Sci.), 2004 May-Jun; 396: 206-211. Opinion paper. PMID: 15354827 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]; http://www.scribd.com/doc/48099028/4DBS-On-the-Biotic-Self-Purification-fulltext;

ABSTRACT: Ostroumov S.A. On the biotic self-purification of aquatic ecosystems: elements of the theory. - Doklady Biological Sciences, V. 396, 2004, p. 206211. (Translated from DAN, V.396, No.1, 2004, p.136141). Fundamental elements are formulated for a new qualitative theory of the polyfunctional role of the biota in improving water quality and doing selfpurification of water in aquatic ecosystems. The elements of the theory covers the following: sources of energy for the mechanisms of water self-purification; the main functional blocks of the system of self-purification; the system of the main processes that are involved; the analysis of the degree of participation of the main large taxa; the reliability of the mechanisms of water selfpurification; regulation of the processes; the response of the mechanisms of water selfpurification towards the external influences (man-made impacts, pollution); and some conclusions relevant to the practice of environment protection. In support of the theory, the results are given of the author's experiments which demonstrated the ability of some pollutants (surfactants, detergents, and some others) to inhibit the water filtration activity of marine filterfeeders, namely, the bivalve mollusks Mytilus galloprovincialis, Mytilus edulis, and Crassostrea gigas. ISSN 0012-4966 (Print) 1608-3105 (Online). Distributed by Springer, orderdept@springer-sbm.com. DOI: 10.1023/B:DOBS.0000033278.12858.12; http://scipeople.ru/users/2943391/; https://www.researchgate.net/file.FileLoader.html?key=60f338228d6f3c5114d223ab81e15d3b; http://www.springerlink.com/content/t0nv6rk522230175/; -*-*-*-*5. Medium-term and long-term priorities in ecological studies. Ostroumov SA, Dodson SI, Hamilton D, Peterson SA, Wetzel RG. Rivista di Biologia / Biology Forum ( Riv. Biol.), 2003 May-Aug; 96(2): 327-332. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14595906 ; PMID: 14595906 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]; Abstracts in Eng. and Italian (p. 332). Bibliogr. 20 ref. Full text: http://www.scribd.com/doc/48100827/3Rivista-Bio-96-Priorities-2; http://scipeople.com/uploads/materials/4389/3RivistaBio96Priorities2.rtf; ABSTRACT: Ostroumov S.A., Dodson S., Hamilton D., Peterson S., Wetzel R.G. Medium-term and long-term priorities in ecological studies // Rivista di Biologia / Biology Forum. 2003. 96: 327-332. Abstracts in Eng. and Italian (p. 332). Bibliogr. 20 ref. PMID: 14595906 [PubMed indexed for MEDLINE]; Research priorities in ecology and environmental sciences for the future are formulated. The priorities for both fundamental and applied ecology are proposed. The list of priorities includes 50 items. The priorities are relevant to terrestrial, aquatic, and general ecology. The list of priorities is helpful when grant proposals are being prepared, evaluated, and selected for funding. KEY WORDS: priorities, fundamentals, ecology, environmental sciences, biospheric sciences, life and biomedical sciences, geosciences, ecosystems, biosphere, organisms, levels of life systems, man-made impacts, anthropogenic effects, terrestrial and aquatic, research topics. -*-*-*-*6. Effect of a cationic amphiphilic compound on rotifers. Ostroumov SA, Walz N, Rusche R. Doklady Biological Sciences (Dokl. Biol. Sci.), 2003 May-Jun;390: 252-255. PMID: 12940156 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] Ostroumov S. A., Walz N., Rusche R. Effect of a cationic amphiphilic compound on rotifers. Doklady Biological Sciences. 2003. Vol. 390. p.252-255, Full text online free: http://www.scribd.com/doc/52634169/; https://www.researchgate.net/file.FileLoader.html?key=74bb403b372f3adc298aacbef568b0ee; [ISSN 0012-4966 (Print) 1608-3105 (Online)]. Welfare of the biosphere depends on filterfeeders that contribute to making water clean and transparent. Important new facts on the hazard of man-made damage to the beneficial function of rotifers, which are the plankton filter-feeders,

were discovered. In this paper, it is the first time that it was found that a chemical pollutant inhibits filtration activity of rotifers. As a chemical pollutant, a representative of synthetic surfactants was studied. The study featured an advanced technique that allows precise measurement of the filtration rate on the basis of measuring the rate of removal of algal cells from water by rotifers. The experiment was run in the following system: the two-species culture of rotifers (Brachionus calyciflorus) and algae (Nannochloropsis limnetica; Eustigmatophyceae) was studied in a two-stage turbidostat (temperature 20 C) as described by Walz et al. (1997) with some modifications. Dilution rate (the higher the filtration activity of rotifers, the higher the dilution rate) was monitored in the turbidostat. As a model of a chemical pollutant, the cationic surfactant tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide (TDTMA) was added to the water of the turbidostat. On the basis of previous studies (Ostroumov, 2000), the concentration of TDTMA was 0.5 mg/L. Dynamics of the dilution rate before and after addition of the chemical was monitored. The dilution rate decreased after the addition of TDTMA. Also, a comparison of the dilution rate in the experimental turbidostat (with the surfactant) with the control turbidostat (without the chemical) was made. Under conditions of the addition of TDTMA the dilution rate was lower than in the control turbidostat. The lower dilution rate means a lower filtration and grazing activity of the population of the rotifers. The results are in accord with the hypothesis that the cationic surfactant TDTMA can inhibit the filtering activity of populations of rotifers. The results support the conclusions of previous publications, in which analogous inhibitory effects of surfactants on filtration rate by another major group of filter-feeders (the bottomdwelling bivalve mollusks) were discovered (Doklady of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2001, 380, pp. 847-849; 2002, vol. 382, pp.138-141). www.springerlink.com/index/R3126462K122M13T.pdf; DOI 10.1023/A:1024417903077; Key words: effects, cationic amphiphilic substance, rotifers, two-species culture, Brachionus calyciflorus, algae Nannochloropsis limnetica, turbidostat, filtration, cationic surfactant, tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide, TDTMA, grazing, filtering, activity, populations, filterfeeders, chemical, pollution, pollutants, sublethal concentration, trophic interactions, man-made effects, anthropogenic, clearance rate www.springerlink.com/index/R3126462K122M13T.pdf http://www.citeulike.org/user/ATP/article/10054261 DOI 10.1023/A:1024417903077; -*-*-*-*7. The synecological approach to the problem of eutrophication. Ostroumov SA. Doklady Biological Sciences (Dokl. Biol. Sci.), 2001 Nov-Dec;381:559-562. PMID: 12918433 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] http://www.scribd.com/doc/50524170
http://www.scribd.com/doc/49065550/; DOI: 10.1023/A:1013378505630; Abstract (in addition to PubMed): the author suggests a new component of the measures against

eutrophication: reducing the input of the pollutants that weaken the potential of the filter-feeders for removing algae from water. A new approach to combat eutrophication. Among new facts: the liquid detergent Fairy 2 mg/L inhibited filtration by bivalve filterfeeders mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis within 2-23 min after addition -*-*-*-*8. The hazard of a two-level synergism of synecological summation of anthropogenic effects. Ostroumov S.A. Doklady Biological Sciences (Dokl. Biol. Sci.), 2001 Sep-Oct;380:499-501. PMID: 12918416 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] http://www.scribd.com/doc/50526301
http://www.scribd.com/doc/49065634/

DOI: 10.1023/A:1012348127085; Abstract (in addition to PubMed): The author identified a new type of ecological hazard of

anthropogenic impact (using chemical pollution as an example), which he proposed to term synecological summation or synergistic summation of anthropogenic effects on organisms of two adjacent trophic levels. In the paper, the hazard was found that even relatively mild influences on organisms of two adjacent trophic levels may eventually produce a synergistic, pronounced and definitely undesirable effect that will lead to an abnormal increase in the abundance of organisms of one of the trophic levels. The concrete examples of synergism were found when anthropogenic impacts affected organisms of two adjacent trophic levels (bivalves and algae). Bioeffects were described of the action of the synthetic detergent Vesna (1 mg/l) on oysters Crassostrea gigas, the detergent IXI (10 mg/l) on mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis, and the detergent Tide-Lemon (50 mg/l) on M. galloprovincialis. The hazard of simultaneous influence of contamination of environment (e.g., by detergents) on organisms of the two trophic levels may occur when the polluting chemicals produce effects on algae and bivalves that are filter-feeders. -*-*-*-*9. Responses of Unio tumidus to mixed chemical preparations and the hazard of synecological summation of anthropogenic effects. Ostroumov S.A. Doklady Biological Sciences (Dokl. Biol. Sci.), 2001 Sep-Oct; 380: 492-495. PMID: 12918414 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] www.scribd.com/doc/49065621 DOI: 10.1023/A:1012344026176; Abstract (in addition to PubMed): Effects of commercial detergents, which are chemical mixtures, on bivalves (detergent OMO, freshwater mussels Unio tumidus) were studied. Detergents exert two types of hazardous effects on organisms and ecosystems: the phosphorus-induced stimulation of phytoplankton growth and surfactant-induced inhibition of filter-feeders. Because filter-feeders are an effective natural factor of control of unicellular plankton populations, the two types of the detergent-induced effects on ecosystem facilitate the growth of phytoplankton populations. Therefore, these effects sum together, thereby increasing the hazard of the man-made impact on the ecosystem. The results contribute to a better understanding of the potential ecological danger of pollutants for integral functions of ecosystems. It is the synecological summation of the effects of anthropogenic factors on plankton populations and filter-feeders that is of particular concern. The interaction between populations of plankton organisms and filter-feeders that feed on plankton should be taken into consideration in the studies on the ecological effects of synthetic detergents on these populations. Situations of man-made impact should be analyzed based on the synecological approach to the problem. -*-*-*-*10. Pellets of some mollusks in the biogeochemical flows of C, N, P, Si, and Al. Ostroumov S.A., Kolesnikov M.P. Doklady Biological Sciences (Dokl. Biol. Sci.) 2001 Jul-Aug; 379: 378-381. PMID: 12918380 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] Pellets of some mollusks in the biogeochemical flows of C, N, P, Si, and Al. Doklady Biological Sciences, 2001. Vol. 379, P. 378-381. Bibliogr. 12 refs. [Authors: S.A.Ostroumov, Kolesnikov M.P.] (Translated from: DAN 2001. Vol. 379. No. 3. P. 426-429). ISSN 0012-4966. Distributed by Springer, orderdept@springer-sbm.com. DOI 10.1023/A:1011620817764; http://sites.google.com/site/2001dbs379p378pellets http://www.scribd.com/doc/45911730

http://www.researchgate.net/publication/10614352_Pellets_of_some_mollusks_in_the_biogeoch emical_flows_of_C_N_P_Si_and_Al ABSTRACT: The author obtained new data on coupling of geochemical and ecological (hydrobiological) processes. The role of the freshwater mollusks Lymnaea stagnalis in the flows of chemical elements in the biosphere was studied by detecting the elemental composition and amount of pellets produced by the mollusks. For the first time, the following was quantitatively studied: the elemental composition (C, N, P, Si, Al) of the pellets formed by the mollusks Lymnaea stagnalis feeding on the leaves of the higher plants Nuphar lutea and Taraxacum officinale; the amount (wet weight, dry weight) of the pellets formed by L. stagnalis feeding on the leaves of N. lutea and T. officinale; the transfer of matter and chemical elements (C, N, P, Si, Al) with the pellets of freshwater bivalves (unionids Unio sp., etc.) per unit biomass of the mollusks and per unit area of the ecosystem of the river; the transfer of matter and chemical elements (C, N, P, Si, Al) with the pellets of L. stagnalis per unit biomass of mollusks and per unit area of the ecosystem of the pond. The synthetic surfactants D 2 mg/l, SDS 1-2 mg/l, the detergent Tide-Lemon 75 mg/l inhibited the trophic activity of L. stagnalis. Percents of food assimilability of taxons of invertebrates, from Rotatoria (48-80) to Diptera (1-31)]. -------------------Full text see: http://www.scribd.com/doc/45911730; http://sites.google.com/site/2001dbs379p378pellets/; -*-*-*-*11. Imbalance of factors providing control of unicellular plankton populations exposed to anthropogenic impact. Ostroumov S.A. Doklady Biological Sciences (Dokl. Biol. Sci.), 2001 Jul-Aug;379:341-343. PMID: 12918370 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE];
Full text: https://sites.google.com/site/1dbs379p341imbalance/ www.scribd.com/doc/49065596 DOI: 10.1023/A:1011600213221;

Abstract (in addition to PubMed): The paper presents and analyzes new experimental data on the effects of chemical pollution of aquatic medium on the abundance of unicellular plankton organisms. The following 6 types of effects of filter-feeders and chemical pollutants [synthetic surfactants and detergents (mixtures)] on phytoplankton organisms were found (examples were given in this paper in Tab.2): (1) Inhibition of growth (and abundance); (2) Growth stimulation in the presence of surfactants and detergents; (3) Decrease in abundance as a result of elimination of plankton cells from water by the freshwater mollusks Unio tumidus and rotifers; (4) Abundance decrease as a result of water filtration by the marine mollusks Mytilus edulis, M. galloprovincialis, and Crassostrea gigas; (5) Decrease in the efficiency of cell elimination from water caused by the synthetic surfactant, Triton X-100 (TX-100), namely, the TX-100-induced (5 mg/l) inhibition of the filtration activity of the freshwater mollusks U. tumidus; (6) Decrease in the efficiency of cell elimination from water as a result of inhibition of the filtration activity of the marine mollusks Mytilus galloprovincialis and Crassostrea gigas induced by surfactants and Avon Herbal Care (hair shampoo). A new parameter and formula were suggested: the efficiency of cell elimination from water, ECE. The following maximum values of ECE were found (at the concentrations of the chemical, mg/l, in brackets): (1) Detergent OMO, Unio tumidus, 186.7 (50); (2) Detergent LoskUniversal, Mytilus galloprovincialis, 551.7 (7); (3) Detergent Tide-Lemon, Mytilus galloprovincialis, 206.9 (50); (4) Detergent IXI, M. galloprovincialis, 157.8 (10); (5) Detergent Deni-Automat, Crassostrea gigas, 10 800.0 (30); (6) Detergent Lanza, Crassostrea gigas, 261.7 (20); (7) Detergent Vesna-Delikat, Crassostrea gigas, 200.0 (1); The tables in the paper: Factors of regulation of unicellular plankton abundance (Tab.1); effects of surfactants and detergents on phytoplankton abundance (Tab.2); 7 detergents inhibit filtration of 3 species of marine and freshwater mollusks (Tab.3); Mytilus galloprovincialis eliminates from water the

cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (these cells were used as a convenient model for particles suspended in water) and algae Pavlova lutheri = M. lutheri as a result of filtration (comparing the 2 processes at the same time, Tab. 4). The results obtained in this work demonstrated and proved that certain pollutants (exemplified by synthetic surfactants and detergents) might cause a substantial imbalance of the factors controlling unicellular plankton populations. Direct and indirect (mediated by organisms-consumers) effects of certain surfactant-containing mixtures on unicellular plankton could sum with each other, giving rise to mutual amplification. This may cause a complete imbalance of the system. The conclusions made in this work may be applied to unicellular plankton of both marine and freshwater ecosystems, including ecosystems subjected to eutrophication. The results contribute to issues of environmental safety and resource use sustainability. -*-*-*-*12. Effect of amphiphilic chemicals on filter-feeding marine organisms. Ostroumov S.A. Doklady Biological Sciences (Dokl. Biol. Sci.), 2001 May-Jun;378:248-250. PMID: 12918342 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.scribd.com/doc/49065593 http://www.scribd.com/doc/59417067

Abstract (in addition to PubMed): For the first time, marine bivalve mollusks, the oysters Crassostrea gigas were used as the testorganisms in bioassay of some amphiphilic chemicals, namely, synthetic surfactants and detergents. This is the first paper to discover and report negative effects of synthetic surfactants and chemical mixtures (detergents) on water filtering activity of Crassostrea gigas. As a result, under the effect of the surfactants and detergents the removal of suspended particles from water by the oysters decreased. The amphiphilic chemicals (synthetic surfactants and detergents) are a new type of chemical pollutants that pollute the aquatic environment including oceans, seas and estuaries. The new data discovered a novel type of anthropogenic hazard to aquaculture of shellfish (aqua-farming, mariculture of oysters). -*-*-*-*13. Anthropogenic effects on the biota: towards a new system of principles and criteria for analysis of ecological hazards. Ostroumov S.A. Rivista di Biologia / Biology Forum ( Riv. Biol.), 2003 Jan-Apr;96(1):159-169. Review. PMID: 12852181 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.scribd.com/doc/52636721 http://www.scribd.com/doc/52636721/3-System-of-Criteria;

Abstract (in addition to PubMed): The currently accepted system of criteria for evaluating environmental and ecological hazards of man-made chemicals (pollutants) is vulnerable to criticism. In this paper, a new concept of the system of approaches towards criteria for evaluating the ecological hazard from man-made impact is proposed. It is suggested to assess the man-made impacts (including effects of pollutants and xenobiotics) on the biota according to the following four levels of disturbance in biological and ecological systems: (1) the level of individual responses; (2) the level of aggregated responses of groups of organisms; (3) the level of stability and integrity of the ecosystem; (4) the level of contributions of the ecosystem to biospheric processes. On the basis of the authors experimental studies, an example is given of how to apply the proposed approach and the system of criteria to the analysis of concrete experimental data. To exemplify the efficiency of the proposed approach, it is shown how to use it to analyze new data on effects of a synthetic surfactant on water filtering by bivalves. It is concluded that the proposed approach will be helpful in better assessing environmental and ecological hazards from anthropogenic

effects on the biota, including effects of man-made chemicals polluting ecosystems. New facts were discovered on effects of synthetic chemicals on marine organisms. The synthetic surfactant Triton X-100 (100) 0.5 mg/L inhibited the filtration of water (90 min, 16) by the marine bivalve mollusks mussels Mytilus edulis. As a result, this chemical inhibited the removal by the mussels of the cells of the algae Isochrysis galbana out of water. The abundance of unfiltered cells that stayed in water was twice as much than in the control system without TX100. -*-*-*-*14. Identification of a new type of ecological hazard of chemicals: inhibition of processes of ecological remediation. Doklady Biological Sciences (Dokl. Biol. Sci.), 2002 Jul-Aug; 385: 377-379. Ostroumov S.A. Identification of a new type of ecological hazard of chemicals: inhibition of processes of ecological remediation. Doklady Biological Sciences. 2002. 385: 377-379. In Eng.; ISSN 0012-4966. PMID: 12469618 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] DOI 10.1023/A:1019929305267; https://www.researchgate.net/file.FileLoader.html?key=8408a7cfaa984764b812ce79c77007f2; http://scipeople.ru/users/2943391/; Full text see online free: http://www.scribd.com/doc/45911150; Abstract (in addition to PubMed):
The author discovered and characterized a new type of environmental hazard of chemical pollution of water, which involves inhibition of important processes of ecological remediation of ecosystems (namely, the inhibition of water filtration by aquatic bivalves). The experiments were performed using the bivalve mollusks, oysters Crassostrea gigas, and the cell suspension of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (these cells were used as a convenient model of particles suspended in water). In the experiments, a laundry detergent (exemplified by the detergent Lanza-Automat) inhibited water filtration by the oysters C. gigas. As a result, the removal of the cells (S. cerevisiae) from water decreased. This demonstrated a new type of ecological hazard caused by water pollution with a chemical pollutant (detergent) at sublethal concentrations. This hazard is associated with the fact that chemical pollution of water causes a pronounced inhibition of the physiological activity of filter-feeders, thereby inhibiting the important ecological process of water filtration. This ecological process contributes significantly to improving water quality, water purification and the related remediation of aquatic ecosystems (their ecological repair).

[The innovative results presented in the paper included the following: a new parameter quantified: Effect on elimination efficiency (EEE); a new concept of ecological remediation as ecological repair; new data on the inhibitory effects of the detergent Lanza-Automat 20 mg/L on water filtration by the oysters Crassostrea gigas and removal of the cells of S. cerevisiae from water (Tabl. 1); a summary table of the effects of cationic, anionic, non-ionic surfactants, pesticides, potassium bichromate, on marine and freshwater bivalves, larvae of Ephemeroptera, rotifers, and Cladocera mainly the data of the author, plus some data from literature (Tabl. 2). The author identified "a new type of ecological hazard caused by water pollution. This hazard is associated with the fact that chemical pollution of water causes inhibition of the physiological activity of hydrobionts, thereby inhibiting the ecological processes mediated by the hydrobionts. These processes contribute significantly to water purification and the related remediation of aquatic ecosystems (their ecological repair)" (p. 379)]. -*-*-*-*15. System of principles for conservation of the biogeocenotic function and the biodiversity of filter-feeders. Ostroumov S.A. Doklady Biological Sciences (Dokl. Biol. Sci.), 2002 Mar-Apr; 383: 147-150.

PMID: 12053567 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] Full text: http://www.scribd.com/doc/45911862; System of principles for conservation of the biogeocenotic function and the biodiversity of filterfeeders. - Doklady Biological Sciences. 2002 (March). Vol. 383: 147-150. Bibliogr.15 refs. ISSN 0012-4966 (Print) 1608-3105 (Online). Distributed by Springer, orderdept@springer-sbm.com. Abstract (in addition to PubMed): As a result of the authors studies of filter-feeders (DAN, 1998, Vol. 362, P. 574-576; DAN, 2001, Vol. 378, P. 283-285), and the new experiments reported in this paper, it was firmly proved that the filtering activity of populations of filter-feeders in natural habitats might be significantly reduced if the concentrations of some pollutants (exemplified by synthetic detergents and surfactants) reach certain levels. To the authors opinion, the ecological role of filter-feeders as factors of water purification in ecosystems is so important that the pollutantinduced inhibition of their filtering activity is a hazard to the well-being of the entire ecosystem. The author emphasizes that not only the biodiversity of filter-feeders but also their level of functional (filtration) activity is to be protected. In order to do so, the author suggested establishing a new type of protected areas whose main purpose is to protect functionally active populations of filter-feeders, including bivalve mollusks and other organisms. Those protected areas could be named hydrobiological (some variants: biofiltering, or malacological) reserves (some variants: refuges, sanctuaries, etc.). The author formulated 5 principles of nature conservation requirements in malacological and hydrobiological reserves (Tabl. 3). Among them is principle 2, protection or "conservation of filtration activity of organisms and populations". The paper contains data on how 5 synthetic detergents (1-50 mg/L) inhibited the filtration activity of the bivalve mollusks Unio tumidus, Mytilus galloprovincialis, Crassostrea gigas (Tabl. 2); on effects on the efficiency of elimination (EEE) of suspended matter from water that were measured (Tabl. 2); on the number of days (0.3 10) needed to filter the volume of aquatic (freshwater and marine) ecosystem by the local bivalve populations (a review of data from literature) (Tabl. 1). "I suggest that the existing system of protected terrestrial and water areas should be supplemented with special sites intended to conserve populations of filterfeeders. In addition to biodiversity conservation, these populations should be conserved because they fulfill a very important biogeocenotic function of water filtration and purification" (p.149). "The system of five principlesis proposed to provide an ecological basis of the environment conservation conditions at these sites (malacological and hydrobiological reserves)" (p.149)]. DOI 10.1023/A:1015398125876; www.springerlink.com/index/1MNVLNAYW36TC92R.pdf https://www.researchgate.net/file.FileLoader.html?key=888352078b275ef40a430eb5b4d7714c; -*-*-*-*16. New definitions of the concepts and terms ecosystem and biogeocenosis. Ostroumov SA. Doklady Biological Sciences (Dokl. Biol. Sci.), 2002 Mar-Apr;383:141-143. PMID: 12053565 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
www.scribd.com/doc/49065580; DOI: 10.1023/A:1015393924967

[MAIK Nauka/Interperiodica distributed exclusively by Springer Science+Business Media LLC. ISSN 0012-4966 (Print) 1608-3105 (Online)] Abstract (in addition to PubMed): In 1935, the term 'ecosystem' was coined by A. Tansley. In the 1940s, another important term 'biogeocoenosis' was introduced by V. N. Sukachev. Since that time, a significant amount of new facts was accumulated in ecology. It is necessary to revisit the formulation of the basic concepts and terms in ecology, including the two terms mentioned above. The author proposed some new variants of the definition of the two terms that (1) reflect the modern vision of the basics of ecology; and (2) avoid the vicious circle of using other terms that in turn request their definitions. The author realizes that the new variants of the terms cannot be ideal and some other

variants of the definitions are also possible. 5 specific features of the proposed definition of ecosystem (Table 1). 8 specific features of the proposed definition of biogeocenosis, and 8 distinctions between the proposed definition and the classical definition by V.N.Sukachev (Table 2)]. https://www.researchgate.net/file.FileLoader.html?key=997c8c868 99d5a6e24531054ad1bcd1e; www.springerlink.com/index/VPG4YU2V3YD6T97B.pdf; DOI 10.1023/A:1015393924967; the Russian version of the paper: http://scipeople.ru/publication/66938/; scribd.com/doc/49065580; http://ru.scribd.com/doc /49065580/ -*-*-*-*17.A new type of effect of potentially hazardous substances: uncouplers of pelagial-benthal coupling. Doklady Biological Sciences (Dokl. Biol. Sci.), 2002 Mar-Apr;383:127-130. PMID: 12053562 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] http://www.scribd.com/doc/45913695; Ostroumov S.A. A new type of effect of potentially hazardous substances: uncouplers of pelagialbenthal coupling. - Doklady Biological Sciences. 2002 (March). Vol. 383 (1-6): 127-130. Bibliogr.15. ISSN 0012-4966. Abstract. The paper presents a discovery of a new type of negative impact of pollutants on the biosphere, as a result of inhibition of water filtration by filter-feeders / suspension feeders. The water filtration and associated removal of suspended matter from water is part of migration of matter. As V.I. Vernadsky stressed, organisms are mediators of biogenic migration of atoms in the biosphere. This migration is partly implemented in the framework of pelagialbenthal coupling via the activity of filter-feeders, which remove the organic suspended matter from water and excrete pellets. The tables contains the following data: the average percentage of assimilated (16-90%) and non-assimilated (10-84%) food matter for 15 large taxa of invertebrates (Table 1); potassium bichromate inhibited water filtration by mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis (Table 2); surfactants, detergents, pesticides inhibited filtration by filterfeeders, marine and freshwater bivalves and rotifers (Table 3). A prediction was made: "Further research and experimental studies are expected to provide new evidence that sublethal concentrations of chemical pollutants induce a significant decrease in the filtration capacity of freshwater and marine filter feeders" (p.129). "The uncoupling process considered above is an anthropogenic violation of two basic laws (empirical rules or biogeochemical principles) of the biosphere functioning: (1) biogenic migration of atoms of chemical elements in the biosphere always tends toward its maximum expression; (2) on the geological time scale, the evolution of species gives rise to the forms of life that are stable in the biosphere, and is so directed that the biogenic migration of atoms in the biosphere increases" (p.129).]; DOI10.1023/A:1015385723150; https://www.researchgate.net/file.FileLoader.html?key=d988acb599e121964c48114374a87e8d; www.springerlink.com/index/28V23JBFADL1Y100.pdf; Full text see online free: http://www.scribd.com/doc/45913695; -*-*-*-*18. Biodiversity protection and quality of water: the role of feedbacks in ecosystems. Ostroumov SA. Doklady Biological Sciences (Dokl. Biol. Sci.), 2002 Jan-Feb;382:18-21. PMID: 11998748 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] http://www.scribd.com/doc/52567956 Abstract (in addition to PubMed):

The article presents a new vision of how biodiversity helps towards a better environmental stability and water quality. The author made an innovative analysis of his experimental data and formulated the following fundamental principle: to maintain water quality, it is vital to protect the functionally active biodiversity of water ecosystems. In other words, according to the authors new concept, the protection of functionally active biodiversity, including filter-feeders, is a key to maintenance of water quality. Among new facts obtained and reported in the paper: a chemical pollutant (exemplified by the synthetic detergent IXI, a sublethal concentration 20 mg/L) inhibited water filtration by the marine bivalve mollusks, mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis (3-25 min, 18 pro mille, 22.8C). Another synthetic detergent Deni-Automat ( a sublethal concentration 30 mg/L) also inhibited the water filtration by the marine bivalves oysters Crassostrea gigas Thunberg (2-40 min, 25.2C).]. These new data as well as the other related data obtained by the same author and reported in his other publications, supported the authors fundamental concept. DOI 10.1023/A:1014465220673. http://www.springerlink.com/content/p89cugy9ddk053g7/; http://www.scribd.com/doc/42558469/; PMID: 11998748 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]; MAIK Nauka/Interperiodica distributed exclusively by Springer Science+Business Media LLC. ISSN0012-4966 (Print) 1608-3105 (Online). http://scipeople.ru/users/2943391/; http://sites.google.com/site/2dbs382p18biodivers/; http://www.citeulike.org/user/ATP/article/9734342; -*-*-*-*19. [An amphiphilic substance inhibits the mollusk capacity to filter phytoplankton cells from water]. Ostroumov SA. Izv Akad Nauk Ser Biol. (Izvestiya Akademii Nauk Seriya Biologicheskaya ) 2001 JanFeb;(1):108-116. Russian. PMID: 11236572 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] http://www.scribd.com/doc/63444377 http://www.scribd.com/doc/63444377/BiolBul2001-1p95-E-an-Amphiphilic-BB95-Anamphiphilic-substance-inhibits; ** in Eng, in the form: BIOLOGY BULLETIN, Volume 28, Number 1 (2001), 95-102; DOI: 10.1023/A:1026671024000; -*-*-*-*20. An aquatic ecosystem: a large-scale diversified bioreactor with a water self-purification function. Ostroumov SA. Doklady Biological Sciences (Dokl. Biol. Sci.), 2000 Sep-Oct; 374: 514-516. PMID: 11103331 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE];
www.scribd.com/doc/49065542 http://www.scribd.com/doc/49069997

Abstract (in addition to PubMed): The author developed a new fundamental concept of aquatic ecosystem as a multi-functional bioreactor. One of the key functions of that bioreactor is upgrading water quality via a multicomponent biomachinery of water self-purification. The paper presented some new facts, new ideas, including the following. Contribution of the main groups of aquatic organisms (heterotrophic bacteria, fungi, cyanobacteria and microalgae, protozoans, higher plants, invertebrates, fish and amphibians) to water self-purification: comparison and analysis (Tabl.1). New data on biological effects of representatives of an understudied class of aquatic pollutants, synthetic surfactants. Relatively small effects of the surfactant Triton X-100 4-5 mg/L

on the bacteria Hyphomonas sp. MHS-3 (5 mg/L) and Hyphomonas sp. VP-6 (5-10 mg/L), a significant inhibition by Triton X-100 of the filtration by the bivalve marine mollusk Mytilus edulis (4 mg/L), and by the bivalve freshwater mollusk Unio tumidus (5 mg/L). The inhibitory effects of the surfactant TDTMA 1 mg/L on the marine mollusk M. galloprovincialis (Tabl. 2); the inhibition of feeding: effects of TX100 1-5 mg/L on the freshwater bivalve mollusk Unio tumidus, TDTMA 1-2 mg/L on the freshwater bivalve U. pictorum. Also, new inhibitory effects of the synthetic surfactants TDTMA 1 mg/L, SDS 1.7 mg/L, various detergents 6.7 50 mg/L, Avon Hair Care (AHC) 5-60 mg/L (sublethal concentrations) on M. galloprovincialis; TX100, TDTMA (2 mg/L), the synthetic detergent Tide-Lemon 75 mg/L on the freshwater species Lymnaea stagnalis (Tabl. 3). "Sublethal concentrations of contaminants may inhibit vital activities of other organisms involved in the function of an ecosystem as an analogue of a bioreactor. This finding provides a deeper insight into the mechanisms of anthropogenic impact on the biosphere. The concept put forward in this work emphasizes that intactness of the whole range of biological diversity of hydrobionts (aquatic organisms) is required to provide effective functioning of an ecosystem as an analog of a water self-purification bioreactor. Therefore, the monetary cost estimates of ecosystems and biota should be increased" (p. 516)]. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11103331; -*-*-*-*21. Biocatalysis of matter transfer in a microcosm is inhibited by a contaminant: effects of a surfactant on Limnea stagnalis. Ostroumov SA, Kolesnikov MP. Doklady Biological Sciences (Dokl. Biol. Sci.), 2000 Jul-Aug;373:397-399. PMID: 11013843 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.scribd.com/doc/49065530 www.scribd.com/doc/49069985;

Abstract (in addition to PubMed):

It is the first paper that reported two new experimental results. First, the new authors experiments measured the biota-driven fluxes of the matter and chemical elements in a model ecosystem. Second, the authors got another innovative result: a discovery of effects of chemical pollutants. Namely, these biota-driven flows of the chemical elements were decreased by a chemical pollutant exemplified by a synthetic surfactant.

By excreting some massive amount of organic matter in the form of pellets, mollusks drive the transfer of organic matter and contribute to the biogeochemical flows of chemical elements in aquatic ecosystems. For the first time, the quantitative assessment of the biogeochemical flows was made. Also, for the first time, it was discovered that a synthetic chemical may inhibit those flows. The pellet excretion rate by the gastropod mollusks Lymnaea stagnalis feeding on the phytomass of macrophytes (such as the plants Nuphar lutea) was 47 mg dry weight per 1 gram wet weight of the mollusks per 72 h. The pellet sedimentation contributes to the vertical transfer of chemical elements in the ecosystem. The pellet composition depended on the species of the plants eaten by the mollusks. When the gastropods L. stagnalis feed on the plants N. lutea, the pellets contain, in addition to organic and inorganic carbon, nitrogen (N, 2.32.9%), phosphorus (P, 0.40.5%), and silicon (Si, 1.11.9%). The relative content of Si was 30% higher than in the food phytomass. The synthetic surfactant tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide (TDTMA, 2 mg/L) inhibited the feeding rate of the mollusks and pellet production, their accumulation at the bottom of microcosms, and the matter transfer connected with this. The data obtained demonstrated a new aspect of the ecological hazard due to environmental pollution with synthetic surfactants (exemplified by TDTMA and other quaternary ammonium compounds) at sublethal concentrations. According to the authors opinion, other contaminants may also suppress the pellet production, their accumulation at the bottom, and the matter transfer associated with that. http://scipeople.ru/users/2943391/; http://sites.google.com/site/2000dbs373p397biocatallstag/;

-*-*-*-*22. The concept of aquatic biota as a labile and vulnerable component of the water selfpurification system. Ostroumov SA. Doklady Biological Sciences (Dokl. Biol. Sci.), 2000 May-Jun;372:286-289. Review. PMID: 10944725 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://sites.google.com/site/2000dbs372p286biotalabil Translated from Doklady Akademii Nauk, Vol. 372, No. 2, 2000, pp. 279282. Original Russian Text Copyright 2000 by Ostroumov. It is the first paper in which it was clearly shown that aquatic biota (the sum of organisms) is the core part of the ecological mechanism of water self-purification in healthy aquatic ecosystems. The important attributes of this core part of the mechanism are: 1) lability; 2) vulnerability to anthropogenic impact. Self-purication of water is a complex process including physical, chemical, and biological components. The vulnerability of different components of the water self-purication system to anthropogenic factors is as yet insufciently understood. The goal of this work was to review the literature and our own unpublished experimental ndings concerning potential vulnerability of the biotic component of the water self-purication system to chemical pollutants. A new role of biota as a core, labile, vulnerable part of ecosystem and upgrade of water quality www.scribd.com/doc/49069991

-*-*-*-*23. Criteria of ecological hazards due to anthropogenic effects on the biota: searching for a system. Ostroumov S.A. Doklady Biological Sciences (Dokl. Biol. Sci.), 2000 Mar-Apr;371:204-206. PMID: 10833660 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]; Full text online free:
http://sites.google.com/site/2000dbs371p204criteria/; http://ru.scribd.com/doc/49065476/; http://ru.scribd.com/doc/49069767/; http://ru.scribd.com/doc/49088234/ Why this paper is useful: http://www.scribd.com/doc/60891549/; Blog post:
http://5bio5.blogspot.com/2012/07/fundamentally-new-solution-to-problem.html

Abstract (in addition to PubMed):

Abstract in short: This paper formulated a fundamentally new solution to the problem of selecting criteria for identification and assessing environmental hazards of chemical pollutants, toxicants; the paper explains why the currently accepted set of criteria is non-efficient and leads to mistakes;

Abstract in more detail:

This paper formulated a fundamentally new solution to the problem of selecting criteria for identification and assessing environmental hazards of chemical pollutants, toxicants; the paper explains why the currently accepted set of criteria is non-efficient and leads to mistakes. The currently accepted system of criteria for evaluating ecological hazards from man-made chemicals (which is used in W.Europe, N.America and in some other countries) is outdated and vulnerable to criticism. The author proposed a new concept of the system of the criteria for evaluating the ecological hazard from man-made impact. The author suggested to assess man-made impacts (including effects of pollutants and xenobiotics) on the biota according to the following four levels of disturbance in biological and ecological systems: (1) the level of individual and populational responses; (2) the level of aggregated responses; (3) the level of stability and integrity of the ecosystem; (4) the level of contributions of the ecosystem into biospheric processes. An example is given of how to apply the proposed system of criteria to the analysis of concrete experimental data. To exemplify the efficiency of the proposed system of criteria, it is shown how to use it to analyze the new original data on effects of a non-ionic surfactant on water

filtering by bivalves. It is concluded that the proposed system of criteria will be helpful in better assessing environmental hazards from anthropogenic effects on the biota including effects of man-made chemicals polluting ecosystems. The examples of the tables in this paper: A new system of principles for analysis of man-made impact: the level-block approach to analysis of ecological hazards (Tab.1); the synthetic surfactant Triton X-100 (0.5 mg/L) inhibits water filtering by the bivalve mussels Mytilus edulis (Tab. 2). "The proposed levelblock approach to analysis of ecological hazards of anthropogenic alterations in ecosystems allows the multiplicity of anthropogenic effects on the biota to be systematized. This approach may be used to develop criteria for estimation and classification of ecological hazards due to anthropogenic effects" (p.206)]. ISSN 0012-4966. Distributed by Springer,orderdept@springer-sbm.com; Full text free: http://ru.scribd.com/doc/49069767/;http://ru.scribd.com/doc/49065476/; http://ru.scribd.com/doc/49088234/; http://sites.google.com/site/2000dbs371p204criteria/; PMID: 10833660 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10833660; http://scipeople.ru/users/2943391/; -*-*-*-*24. Biological filtering and ecological machinery for self-purification and bioremediation in aquatic ecosystems: towards a holistic view. Ostroumov S.A. Rivista di Biologia / Biology Forum ( Riv. Biol.), 1998; 91(2):221-232. PMID: 9857844 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] http://www.scribd.com/doc/42830557 Abstract (in addition to PubMed): Ostroumov S. A. Biological filtering and ecological machinery for self-purification and bioremediation in aquatic ecosystems: towards a holistic view. Rivista di Biologia. 1998; 91(2): 221-232. PMID: 9857844 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] According to one of approaches to the definition of criteria for the phenomenon of life, the key attribute is the ability of the life system for some self-regulating and self-supporting. Part of such holistic functions of aquatic ecosystems as self-regulating and self-supporting is their cleaning the water via a multitude of various mechanisms. The goal of this paper is to present some fundamental elements of the theory of ecosystem self-purification (water self-purification) which emphasizes the importance of the four functional biological filters that are instrumental in purification and upgrading the quality of water in aquatic ecosystems. These functional filters are: (1) direct water filtering by aquatic organisms that are filter-feeders; (2) the filter (represented mainly by communities of aquatic plants/periphyton) which prevents input of pollutants and biogenic (nutrient) elements (N, P) from land into water bodies and water streams; (3) the filter (represented by benthic organisms) which prevents reentry of pollutants and biogenic elements from the bottom sediments into the water; (4) the filter (represented by microorganisms attached to particles which are suspended in the water) that provides microbiological treatment of the water column. New experimental data by the author reveal the negative role of manmade effects on the ecological machinery which purifies water. The analysis and discussion lead to the holistic theory of the natural process of bioremediation of aquatic ecosystems.

Key words: aquatic, ecosystems, theory, water self-purification, Upgrading, quality of water, water filtering, organisms, filter-feeders, Communities, aquatic plants, periphyton, pollutants, biogenic, nutrient, elements, N, P, benthic, organisms, Microorganisms, attached, particles, suspended, water, microbiological, treatment, water column, man-made effects, natural, process, bioremediation, -*-*-*-*25. Electrochemical proton gradient across the membranes of photophosphorylating bacteria. Ostroumov SA, Jasaitis AA, Samuilov VD. Biomembranes. 1979;10:209-233. Review. PMID: 387102 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] -*-*-*-*26. Membrane potential and surface charge densities as possible generalized regulators of membrane protein activities. Ostroumov SA, Vorobiev LN. J. Theor. Biol. 1978, Dec 7;75(3):289-297. PMID: 745444 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] -*-*-*-*27. Participation of chloroplasts and mitochondria in virus reproduction and the evolution of the eukaryotic cell. Ostroumov SA. J. Theor. Biol. 1977, Jul 21;67(2):287-297. PMID: 197321 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] -*-*-*-*28. Reconstitution of Biological Molecular generators of electric current. Bacteriorhodopsin. Drachev LA, Frolov VN, Kaulen AD, Liberman EA, Ostroumov SA, Plakunova VG, Semenov AY, Skulachev VP. J Biol Chem. 1976 Nov 25;251(22):7059-7065. PMID: 62754 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] -*-*-*-*29. [Membrane potential as a possible polyfunctional regulator of the activity of membrane proteins]. Ostroumov SA, Vorob'ev LN. Nauchnye Doklady Vysshei Shkoly Biologicheskie Nauki (Nauchnye Doki Vyss Shkoly Biol Nauki). 1976;(7):22-26. Review. Russian. PMID: 136276 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] -*-*-*-*30. A study on the membrane potential and pH gradient in chromatophores and intact cells of photosynthetic bacteria. Barsky EL, Bonch-Osmolovskaya EA, Ostroumov SA, Samuilov VD, Skulachev VP. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1975 May 15;387(2):388-395. PMID: 236031 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] -*-*-*-*31.Direct measurement of electric current generation by cytochrome oxidase, H+-ATPase and bacteriorhodopsin. Drachev LA, Jasaitis AA, Kaulen AD, Kondrashin AA, Liberman EA, Nemecek IB, Ostroumov SA, Semenov AYu, Skulachev VP. Nature. 1974 May 24;249(455):321-324. PMID: 4366965 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] -*-*-*-*32.Electrogenesis by bacteriorhodopsin incorporated in a planar phospholipid membrane.

Drachev LA, Kaulen AD, Ostroumov SA, Skulachev VP. FEBS Lett. 1974, Feb 1;39(1):43-45. PMID: 4851814 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] -*-*-*-*33.[Membrane potential in the chromatophores of Rhodospirillum rubrum conditioned by a transhydrogenase reaction]. Ostroumov SA, Samuilov VD, Skulachev VP. Nauchnye Doki Vyss Shkoly Biol Nauki. (Nauchnye Doklady Vysshei Shkoly Biologicheskie Nauki) 1974;2:92-95. Russian. PMID: 4150987 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] -*-*-*-*34.Transhydrogenase-induced responses of carotenoids, bacteriochlorophyll and penetrating anions in Rhodospirillum rubrum chromatophores. Ostroumov SA, Samuilov VD, Skulachev VP. FEBS Lett. 1973 Apr 1;31(1):27-30. PMID: 4145457 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] -*-*-*-*Addendum: the following material is not on PubMed but it is equally important. Ostroumov S.A. Some aspects of water filtering activity of filter-feeders // Hydrobiologia. 2005. Vol. 542, No. 1. P. 275 286 (in Eng.). Bibliogr. 63 refs. DOI 10.1007/s10750-004-1875-1. ISSN 0018-8158 (Print) 1573-5117 (Online). -------------------Full text see: http://www.scribd.com/doc/45914201; ------------Abstract. The author gave innovative analysis of the vital role of filter-feeders in functioning and maintenance of stability of aquatic ecosystems (both freshwater and marine ones). The paper includes the following tables. Table 1. Examples of the impact of filter-feeders on the water column: clearance time. Table 2. Examples of diversity of taxa of benthic organisms involved in removing seston from water, and filtration rates. Table 3. Effect of the increase in concentration of algae on the filtration rate and the amount consumed by rotifers Brachionus calyciflorus. Table 4. The ratio F:P in some groups of organisms (examples of "ecological taxation"). Table 5. The ratio F: (P+R) in some filter feeders. Table 6. Results of the ecological tax: biosediment formation in 6 ecosystems. Table 7. Contribution of various aquatic organisms to oxidation of organic matter in the ecosystem of the Sea of Okhotsk. Table 8. Some chemicals that inhibit the filtering activity of the filter-feeders (new data of the author). Table 9. Some features of water-filtering biomachinery: 6 fundamental principles. Table 10. The level-block approach to the analysis of ecological hazards of anthropogenic effects on the biota (the new conceptualization proposed by the author). Some fundamental principles that characterize the pivotal roles of the biodiversity of filter-feeders in ecosystems. Among those roles are: (1) the role of ecological repair of water quality, (2) the role of contributing to reliability and stability of the functioning of the ecosystem, (3) the role of contributing to creation of habitat heterogeneity, (4) the role of contributing to acceleration of migration of chemical elements. It is an important feature of the biomachinery of filter-feeders that it removes from water various particles of a very broad range of sizes. Another important principle is that the amount of the organic matter filtered out of water is larger than the amount assimilated so that a significant part of the removed material serves no useful function to the organism of the filter-feeder, but serves a beneficial function to some other species and to the ecosystem as a whole. The new experiments by the author additionally demonstrated a vulnerability of the filtration activity of filter feeders (e.g. bivalves and rotifers) to some xenobiotics (tetradecyltrymethylammonium bromide, heavy metals and some others). The inhibition of the filtration activity of filter-feeders may lead to the situation previously described as that of an ecological of the second type. ** Ostroumov S.A. Inhibitory analysis of regulatory interactions in trophic webs.- Doklady Biological Sciences, 2001, Vol. 377, p. 139141. (Translated from Doklady Akademii Nauk,

2000, Vol. 375, No. 6, p. 847849). Abstract: In the paper, the author proposed a new approach to analyze the key ecological issue, the interactions between organisms in ecosystems. The new methodology proposed is inhibitory analysis. The author applied this approach to analyze trophic chains: the topdown control of plankton by benthic filter-feeders. This control, as the authors experiments have shown, might be removed by chemical inhibitors (the latter may enter the ecosystem as pollutants). As an example, the author gives the results of his experiments on how surfactants [tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide (TDTMA)] and synthetic detergents inhibited the control of plankton (Monochrystis lutheri) by mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis. The method was successfully applied to innovatively analyze the factors that are among reasons of eutrophication. Among new facts: the cationic surfactant TDTMA 1 mg/L inhibited the filtration rate of juveniles of marine bivalves Mytilus galloprovincialis, and the removal of cells of the algae Monochrysis lutheri from water (50 min, 26C)]. DOI 10.1023/A:1019218026198; Full text see online free: http://www.scribd.com/doc/45911405; http://sites.google.com/site/2001dbs377p139inhibitory/; ** S. A. Ostroumov. On the Multifunctional Role of the Biota in the Self-Purification of Aquatic Ecosystems. - Russian Journal of Ecology, Vol. 36, No. 6, 2005, pp. 414420. DOI: 10.1007/s11184-005-0095-x; S. A. Ostroumov. [Full text see online free: http://www.scribd.com/doc/45572968] (Faculty of Biology, Moscow State University, Vorobevy gory, Moscow, 119991 Russia) Abstract: The study of water self-purification processes (Skurlatov, 1988; Ostroumov, 2000a) is essential for approaching fundamental ecological problems (Alimov, 2000; Ostroumov et al., 2003) and for resolving some applied issues related to the sustainable use of aquatic and biological resources. The purpose of this paper is to give a systematic account of the concepts concerning the multiple functions of the biota in the self-purification of water bodies and watercourses, without attempting to review the numerous publications in this field. In this paper, a paradigm shift was made and some new principles of the theory of the ecological mechanism of water self-purification based on multiple functions of the biota in freshwater and marine ecosystems were formulated. In developing this theory, the results of the authors experiments with aquatic organisms (filter-feeders) have been used. As a result, the author discovered that the natural ecological mechanism which maintains water quality (water self-purification mechanism) is vulnerable to the impact of some pollutants as exemplified by synthetic detergents and surfactants. Conclusions drawn on the basis of the theory have practical significance for biodiversity conservation and for the sustainable use of the biological resources of aquatic ecosystems. 1067-4136/05/3606-0414 2005 Pleiades Publishing, Inc. Russian Journal of Ecology, Vol. 36, No. 6, 2005, pp. 414420. DOI: 10.1007/s11184-005-0095-x; Translated from Ekologiya, No. 6, 2005, pp. 452459. Original Russian Text Copyright 2005 by Ostroumov. The English edition of the paper is available on SprigerLink: www.springerlink.com/index/Y6370W774LK7G786.pdf; Key words : aquatic, ecosystems, water quality, water, self-purification, pollution, paradigm shift, surfactants, detergents, sustainability, environment, filter-feeders, invertebrates, bivalves, freshwater, marine, resources, bioassay, hazards, ** E. A. Solomonova and S. A. Ostroumov. Tolerance of an Aquatic Macrophyte Potamogeton crispus L.to Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate. Moscow University Biological Sciences Bulletin, 2007, Vol. 62, No. 4, p. 176179. DOI: 10.3103/S0096392507040074; -------------------------------Full text see online free: http://www.scribd.com/doc/45556848; Abstract: Macrophytes are important components of ecosystems and participate in the purification of water, which contributes to the sustainability of water quality. This is especially important in conditions of pollution of water bodies and water streams. Surfactants constitute an important class of pollutants. Therefore, further investigation and clarification of the facts concerning the interaction of plants and various surfactants are necessary. The present paper

presents the results of investigations of the effect of various concentrations of aqueous solutions of the anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) on the viability of the aquatic macrophytes, the pondweed Potamogeton crispus L. When the effects of the anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulphate on the aquatic macrophytes Potamogeton crispus L. were studied, it was found that the concentrations of 83133 mg/l caused fragmentation of the stems of plants. The tolerance of the plants to the negative effects of the surfactant was higher in the spring (April) than in the autumn (September). DOI:10.3103/S0096392507040074; Moscow University Biological Sciences Bulletin, 2007, Vol. 62, No. 4, p. 176179. ISSN 0096-3925, Allerton Press, Inc., 2007. Available at SpringerLink; Original Russian Text E.A. Solomonova, S.A. Ostroumov, 2007, published in Vestnik Moskovskogo Universiteta. Biologiya, 2007, No. 4, pp. 3942. Keywords: effects, surfactant, aquatic, macrophytes, Potamogeton, crispus, concentrations, fragmentation, stems, plants, negative, pollution, detergents, phytoremediation, chemico-biotic interactions, water quality, sodium dodecyl sulphate, SDS, phytotechnology;

**