Probationary Firefighters Manual Chapter 7

COMMUNICATIONS

OBJECTIVE:

To familiarize members with: Basic fire ground communications Equipment used Assignments of Handie-Talkies Maintenance procedures

CONTENTS:

Part One: FDNY Radio policies Exposure Identification Part Two: Part Three: Illustration of current Handie Talkie Description of Equipment

SOURCE:

FDNY Communication Manual WNYF 2 of 1991

FDNY REFERENCE:

Part One: Communication Manual, Chapter 9: sections: 1 10, Addendums 2&3 Excluding sections 9.1.1, 9.1.2, 9.1.3, 9.4.3, & 9.11 Edited Versions of sections 9.4, 9.10.1 WNYF 2 of 1991, pp. 20 & 21 Part Two: Communication Manual; Chapter 10, Appendix C Excluding section 1 & 10 Edited Version of section 8 Part Three: Communication Manual, Chapter 11 Excluding sections 2.6, 2.10, 2.12, 2.13, 4.1, 4.2, 6.4 & 7 Edited Versions of sections 1.1, 1.2, 2.5, 3.2, 3.3

PART ONE
SECTION
1 2 3 4

TITLE

PAGE

INTRODUCTION .....................................................................................1 SUPERVISION ........................................................................................1 INTER-UNIT COMMUNICATIONS ............................................................2 EMERGENCY HT COMMUNICATIONS ....................................................3 (MAYDAY / URGENT) FEEDBACK ASSISTED RESCUE ...............................................................10 HIGH RISE / HOSPITALS - GENERAL INFORMATION...............................11 HANDIE TALKIE SUBWAY RELAY ..........................................................12 USE, CARE AND MAINTENANCE ...........................................................14 HT UTILIZATION WITH SELF CONTAINEDBREATHING APPARATUS .......................................14

5 6 7 8 9

10 11 12

RADIO DISCIPLINE ................................................................................15 EMERGENCY ROLL CALL PROCEDURES ................................................15 ELECTRONIC FIREGROUND ACCOUNTABILITY SYSTEM (EFAS)....17 RADIO CODE SIGNALS..25

FDNY Chapter Seven 1. INTRODUCTION

Probationary Firefighters Manual COMMUNICATIONS

The following procedures for handie talkie (HT) use are established to achieve greater safety, effectiveness and efficiency at fire operations. 1.1 Company Officers have many tasks at fire operations. They must report conditions to the INCIDENT COMMANDER, carry out orders received and control the individual members of their units so that necessary actions are performed and the safety of members under their command is monitored. HT communications play a vital role in all of these. SUPERVISION An Officer's span of control must allow for supervision of the actions of members under their command in all situations. 2.1 Members are under the "Immediate Supervision" of an Officer when: A. B. They are within sight and/or hearing of the Officer. They are working with a search line or hose line which is under the supervision of an Officer.

2.2

Members are under the "Functional Supervision" of an Officer when they are HT equipped or working with a HT equipped member and are in compliance with the following: A. Members assigned to tasks which are not under the "Immediate Supervision" of their Company Officer must contact such Officer before entering a dangerous area and advise such Officer of their status at frequent intervals, especially when attempting tasks not normally associated with their assignment. If contact cannot be made with their Company Officer, they shall contact (in this priority) their Company Chauffeur, the INCIDENT COMMANDER or any other HT equipped member advising such member that contact cannot be made with their Officer. Any of the foregoing who are so contacted must advise the members Officer as soon as possible. Members operating alone who team up with other members shall advise their Company Officer. If they separate, notification should again be made. The Company Officer upon notification as described in paragraphs A and B shall evaluate and notify the Incident Commander of the members location when: 1) Conditions encountered by the member are exceptionally dangerous, or 2) Available manpower is insufficient to assist if the member should become distressed. 1

B.

C.

D.

FDNY Chapter Seven

Probationary Firefighters Manual COMMUNICATIONS

2.3

When operations are conducted in an area where the ambient noise level interferes with HT communications, provisions must be made to ensure effective communications.

INTER-UNIT COMMUNICATION

The importance of communications between units and the INCIDENT COMMANDER cannot be overemphasized. Conditions found and actions taken or contemplated must be continually reported. However, discretion must be used. Information of a routine nature should be communicated to Company Officer, while more serious information should go directly to the INCIDENT COMMANDER. 3.1 The Officer who arrives first at the fire area must transmit the following information to the INCIDENT COMMANDER: A. B. C. D. E. F. 3.2 Location of the fire. (If a multiple dwelling, report the number of apartments on fire floor.) Fire conditions. Access to fire area. Whether fire is extending and how it is extending and the need for additional lines. Difficulties or delays in gaining entrance to fire area or in advancing line. Give reasons. If any occupants have been located or are reported missing.

Members operating on the roof must communicate to the INCIDENT COMMANDER the following: A. B. C. D. E. The configuration of the building. Fire showing out windows not visible from the street and whether any exposure is affected. Color and volume of smoke coming from windows. Persons trapped and their exact location. Location of stairways, fire escapes and party wall balconies. Unusual information affecting safety, for example, a fire escape on the rear of a brownstone. If the building fronts on more than one street, and whether there is access for apparatus or equipment. Whether there is any difference in the height of the building from front to rear or from side to side. Evidence of unusual heat, smoke or fire in the cockloft, or if fire has burned through roof. Need for additional saws. Location of parapet and dividing walls. Presence of heating ducts, ventilation ducts, air conditioning units and water tanks on roof.

F. G. H. I. J.

FDNY Chapter Seven 4.

Probationary Firefighters Manual COMMUNICATIONS

EMERGENCY HT COMMUNICATIONS (MAYDAYS & URGENTS)

The following transmissions are to be used with discretion. The terms "MAYDAY" and "URGENT" must only be used as is indicated herein. They are intended for use in situations where immediate communication is necessary to protect life or prevent injury. WHENEVER THE EMERGENCY ALERT BUTTON HAS BEEN PRESSED, AND/OR A MAYDAY OR URGENT ARE TRANSMITTED, ALL HT COMMUNICATIONS ON THE FREQUENCY ARE TO CEASE,
EXCEPT THOSE BETWEEN THE MEMBER INITIATING THE EMERGENCY TRANSMISSION AND THE INCIDENT COMMANDER.

WHILE NOT NECESSARY TO INITIATE AN EMERGENCY TRANSMISSION, THE MEMBER WITH THE MAYDAY OR URGENT TRANSMISSION WILL BEGIN, IF POSSIBLE, BY PRESSING THE EMERGENCY ALERT BUTTON, ENSURING HIS/HER MESSAGE GETS OUT AT MAXIMUM WATTAGE AND REPEATING "MAYDAY" OR "URGENT" THREE TIMES FOLLOWED BY THE REMAINDER OF THE MESSAGE. NORMAL HT USE MAY BE RESUMED UPON COMPLETION OF THE EMERGENCY MESSAGE OR SIGNAL UNLESS THE INCIDENT COMMANDER ORDERS OTHERWISE. THE INCIDENT COMMANDER
MAY INSTRUCT THE MEMBER TRANSMITTING THE EMERGENCY MESSAGE TO SWITCH TO CHANNEL 16, THE DEDICATED 5-WATT EMERGENCY CHANNEL.

THE INCIDENT COMMANDER MAY DO THIS TO FREE UP THE PRIMARY TACTICAL CHANNEL AND HAVE COMMUNICATIONS CONTINUE WITH THE MEMBER AT 5 WATTS. WHEN THE MEMBER SWITCHES TO CHANNEL 16, "EMERGENCY ALERT" IS CANCELLED.
HIS/HER

"BEACON"

CONTINUES UNLESS THE

THE INCIDENT COMMANDER MAY INSTRUCT THE MEMBER TO DEACTIVATE THE TONES IF THEY ARE HAMPERING COMMUNICATIONS. NOTE: (1) Anytime a building or area is evacuated, units shall account for all members in preparation for a Roll Call by the INCIDENT COMMANDER. Missing members are to be reported immediately. "MAYDAY" transmissions have priority over "URGENT" transmissions. To minimize misunderstanding, the terminology used below is mandatory. All members must be completely familiar with the terminology and use it exclusively for its intended purpose. No other wording is to be used for emergency transmissions. The term "COLLAPSE" is to be used to indicate STRUCTURAL FAILURE only.

(2) (3)

FDNY Chapter Seven 4.1

Probationary Firefighters Manual COMMUNICATIONS MAYDAY THIS TRANSMISSION IS AN INDICATION THAT A LIFE-THREATENING SITUATION HAS DEVELOPED. THE TERM MAYDAY MAY BE USED ONLY IN THE FOLLOWING FIVE SITUATIONS (A TO E): A. Imminent Collapse Feared 1. CONTACT FORMAT:
THE

INCIDENT COMMANDER

IN THE FOLLOWING

"MAYDAY-MAYDAY-MAYDAY, Ladder 4 Roof to Battalion 8, MAYDAY." 2. 3. The Incident Commander will respond in the following format: "Battalion 8 to Ladder 4 Roof, go ahead with your MAYDAY." The member with the emergency message will respond in the following format: "Ladder 4 Roof to Battalion 8, MAYDAY COLLAPSE IMMINENT." The member should also state the location of the imminent collapse (e.g. rear wall, sidewall exposure 2 side, etc.) and give his/her location. The Incident Commander will then transmit: "Battalion 8 to all units, MAYDAY, GET OUT OF BUILDING, GET OUT OF BUILDING" and repeat this message as often as necessary. All members will immediately evacuate the building on transmission of this message. CONTACT FORMAT: INCIDENT COMMANDER

4.

B.

Structural collapse has occurred. 1.

THE IN THE FOLLOWING

"MAYDAY-MAYDAY-MAYDAY." "Ladder 44 OV to Battalion 17, MAYDAY". 2. 3. The Incident Commander will respond in the following format: "Battalion 17 to Ladder 44 OV, go ahead with your MAYDAY." The member giving the MAYDAY will respond with "Ladder 44 OV to Battalion 17, MAYDAY - COLLAPSE HAS OCCURRED" and provide the location and extent of collapse, number and nature of injuries, and if anyone is trapped. CONTACT FORMAT: INCIDENT COMMANDER

C.

A firefighter is unconscious or suffers a life threatening injury. 1.

THE IN THE FOLLOWING

"MAYDAY-MAYDAY-MAYDAY." "Engine 222 to Battalion 37, MAYDAY." 2. The Incident Commander will respond in the following format: "Battalion 37 to Engine 222, go ahead with your MAYDAY."

FDNY Chapter Seven 3.

Probationary Firefighters Manual COMMUNICATIONS The Unit giving the MAYDAY will respond in the following format: "Engine 222 to Battalion 37, MAYDAY-INJURED MEMBER" and provide the location, unit identity of the injured member, and extent of the injuries.

D.

An Officer becomes aware that a member under his/her supervision is missing. (If the missing member is an Officer, any Team member can transmit this message.) 1. CONTACT FORMAT:
THE

INCIDENT COMMANDER

IN THE FOLLOWING

"MAYDAY-MAYDAY-MAYDAY." "Ladder 171 to Battalion 47, MAYDAY." 2. The Incident Commander will respond in the following format: "Battalion 47 to Ladder 171, go ahead with your MAYDAY." 3. The Officer responds in the following format: "Ladder 171 to Battalion 47, MAYDAY- MISSING Member" and provides the following: A. Last known location or reference point B. C. D. E. E. 1. Unit the member is working in that tour Name of affected member Assignment (e.g., roof, nozzle) Resources needed to reach safety INCIDENT COMMANDER

Member becomes trapped or lost. CONTACT FORMAT:

THE IN THE FOLLOWING

"MAYDAY-MAYDAY-MAYDAY." Chauffeur to Battalion 58, MAYDAY." THIS

"Ladder 133

MEMBER SHALL NOT ACTIVATE HIS/HER PASS ALARM UNTIL ALL VITAL INFORMATION HAS BEEN GIVEN TO THE IC. THIS IS TO REDUCE AS MUCH BACKGROUND NOICE AS POSSIBLE.

2.

The Incident Commander responds in the following format: "Battalion 58 to Ladder 133 Chauffeur, go ahead with your MAYDAY." The member giving MAYDAY responds: "Ladder 133 Chauffeur to Battalion 58, MAYDAY-MEMBER TRAPPED (or MEMBERLOST)", provides the number and identity of members involved, location if known, last recognizable reference point if location is unknown (e.g., basement near oil burner), and any imminent conditions that might affect trapped members (fire nearby, out of air, etc.) 5

3.

FDNY Chapter Seven 4.

Probationary Firefighters Manual COMMUNICATIONS A member who finds the trapped or lost member(s) shall immediately press their Emergency Alert Button, and then contact the IC in the following format: MAYDAY-MAYDAY-MAYDAY, Ladder 105 FAST to Command, MAYDAY A. The IC shall respond in the following format: Command to Ladder 105 FAST, go ahead with your MAYDAY. B. The member transmitting the MAYDAY shall respond in the following format: Ladder 105 FAST to Command, MAYDAY, TRAPPED or LOST MEMBER LOCATED and provide the following information: Identity of the member(s) involved Location Any imminent conditions that might affect the trapped/lost member(s) e.g., fire nearby, out of air. Resources needed to reach safety C. The IC shall notify all units when the MAYDAY has been resolved and that normal operations may resume.

NOTE: THE TERM "URGENT" SHALL NOT BE USED FOR ANY OF ABOVE SITUATIONS. ALL OF THESE SITUATIONS ARE SUFFICIENTLY SERIOUS TO WARRANT "MAYDAY TRANSMISSIONS. 4.2 URGENT This transmission is used to indicate that a member has suffered a serious injury that is not immediately life threatening, or to inform members of a serious change in conditions. THE TERM URGENT MAY BE USED IN THE FOLLOWING SEVEN SITUATIONS (A TO G): A. When a member suffers an injury that is not immediately life threatening but which requires medical attention and hospital care. 1. CONTACT FORMAT:
THE

INCIDENT COMMANDER

IN THE FOLLOWING

"URGENT-URGENT-URGENT." "LADDER 77 BATTALION 21, URGENT." 2. 3.

TO

The Incident Commander responds in the following format: "Battalion 21 to Ladder 77, go ahead with your URGENT." The member responds: "Ladder 77 to Battalion 21, URGENTINJURED MEMBER", provides the location, unit, identity of the injured member, and the nature and extent of injuries. 6

FDNY Chapter Seven B.

Probationary Firefighters Manual COMMUNICATIONS An interior attack is to be discontinued and an exterior attack instituted. 1. IF
POSSIBLE, THE INCIDENT COMMANDER SHALL IMMEDIATELY PRESS HIS/HER EMERGENCY ALERT BUTTON, AND THEN TRANSMIT A MESSAGE IN THE FOLLOWING FORMAT:

"URGENT-URGENT-URGENT." "Battalion 22 to all units, URGENT - ALL UNITS - URGENT, BACK OUT, BACK OUT." On transmission of this message, all units will withdraw from the building. C. Discovery of a structural problem indicating the danger/fear of collapse. 1. TRANSMIT FORMAT:
TO THE INCIDENT

COMMANDER

IN THE FOLLOWING

"URGENT-URGENT-URGENT." Battalion 4, URGENT." 2. 3.

"Ladder 6 Roof to

The Incident Commander responds in the following format: "Battalion 4 to Ladder 6 Roof, go ahead with your URGENT." The member responds in the following format: "Ladder 6 Roof to Battalion 4, URGENT - COLLAPSE FEARED", provides location and conditions discovered. The Incident Commander determines the actions required.

4. D.

Fire is discovered entering an exposure to a degree that any delay may considerably enlarge the fire problem. 1. TRANSMIT TO THE INCIDENT FORMAT: COMMANDER
IN THE FOLLOWING

"URGENT-URGENT-URGENT." Battalion 50, URGENT." 2. 3.

"Ladder

127

to

The Incident Commander responds in the following format: "Battalion 50 to Ladder 127, go ahead with your URGENT." The member responds in the following format: "Ladder 127 to Battalion 50, URGENT - FIRE EXTENDING", provides the location and nature of extension. The Incident Commander assigns specific units to deal with extension. TRANSMIT FORMAT:
TO THE INCIDENT

4. E.

Loss of water, which would endanger members. 1. COMMANDER

IN THE FOLLOWING

"URGENT-URGENT-URGENT." "Engine 232 Chauffeur to Battalion 44, URGENT."

FDNY Chapter Seven 2.

Probationary Firefighters Manual COMMUNICATIONS The Incident Commander responds in the following format: "Battalion 44 to Engine 232 Chauffeur, go ahead with your URGENT." The member responds in the following format: "Engine 232 Chauffeur to Battalion 44, URGENT - WATER LOSS", states the problem and identity of the units with lines effected. The Incident Commander contacts, by HT, all of the units affected by the water loss and units operating in positions above the water loss to ensure they are aware of the problem. If necessary, the Incident Commander will back units out of exposed areas, assign specific units to assist in removal of these units, conduct a roll call and account for all members. When the first arriving Engine Company is unable to secure a positive water source, the first arriving Engine Chauffeur shall immediately press their Emergency Alert Button, and then contact the IC in the following format: "URGENT-URGENT-URGENT, Engine 254 Chauffeur to Command, URGENT." The IC shall respond in the following format: Command to Engine 254 Chauffeur, go ahead with your URGENT.

3.

4.

F.

Transmission of Signal 10-70 1.

2.

3.

The member transmitting the URGENT shall respond in the following format: Engine 254 Chauffeur to Command, URGENT 10-70 and provide information to assist the IC, e.g., dead hydrant, need to relay due to insufficient pressure, apparatus breakdown. All members on the scene must be aware that water may still be available through other means, e.g., booster water, roof tank; however a positive water source has not been attained. This shall also require an URGENT message to the Borough Dispatcher. The IC shall announce over the HT when a positive water source has been attained. The IC shall also inform the Borough Dispatcher that a positive water source has been obtained.

4.

5.

G.

Anytime a Change in Conditions will Severely Impact an Operation or the Safety of Members 1. A member aware of a change in conditions that will severely impact an operation or the safety of members shall immediately press their Emergency Alert Button, and then contact the IC in the following format: 8

FDNY Chapter Seven

Probationary Firefighters Manual COMMUNICATIONS "URGENT-URGENT-URGENT, Ladder 132 to Command, URGENT." 2. The IC shall respond in the following format: "Command to Ladder 132, go ahead with your URGENT." The member transmitting the URGENT shall provide the following information: Nature of the problem Location Members/Units affected The IC shall determine the actions required.

3.

4. 4.4

Unfortunately, it has been the Department's experience that at times, the Incident Commander does not receive "MAYDAY" and "URGENT" signals. In order to ensure that the Incident Commander receives these signals; the following guidelines shall be adhered to: A. THE MEMBER WHO INITIATES THE EMERGENCY ALERT FOLLOWED BY A MAYDAY" OR "URGENT" TRANSMISSION MUST REPEAT THE MESSAGE UNTIL IT IS ACKNOWLEDGED BY THE INCIDENT COMMANDER. ANY OFFICER OR SAFETY TEAM MEMBER HEARING THE EMERGENCY ALERT TONE FOLLOWED BY A "MAYDAY" or "URGENT" message and realizing that it is not being acknowledged by the Incident Commander, must initiate the following: 1. Acknowledge signal and ascertain nature. 2. Promptly relay all information to the Incident Commander. C. THE
MEMBER INITIATING THE EMERGENCY SHALL LEAVE REPEATING BEACON TRANSMITTING UNTIL HE/SHE IS LOCATED. THE

B.

REMEMBER: WHILE
NOT NECESSARY TO INITIATE AN EMERGENCY TRANSMISSION, THE MEMBER WITH THE MAYDAY OR URGENT TRANSMISSION WILL BEGIN, IF POSSIBLE, BY PRESSING THE EMERGENCY ALERT BUTTON, ENSURING HIS/HER MESSAGE GETS OUT AT MAXIMUM WATTAGE AND REPEATING "MAYDAY" OR "URGENT" THREE TIMES FOLLOWED BY THE REMAINDER OF THE MESSAGE.

FDNY Chapter Seven 5

Probationary Firefighters Manual COMMUNICATIONS

FEEDBACK-ASSISTED RESCUE & EMERGENCY ALERT TONE ASSISTED RESCUE

A procedure that takes advantage of an inherent problem of handie talkie feedback noise to assist in homing in on the location of members (equipped with HT's) that are either missing or trapped as encountered in a collapse situation. 5.1 PROCEDURE After determination is made that a member is missing and/or trapped and the member IS HT EQUIPPED, this procedure may be initiated to assist in locating said member. INCIDENT COMMANDER announces over HT that a "Feedback Assist Rescue" is to be implemented and designates a new primary tactical channel. This channel shall not be the same one on which the missing member was operating. All members wearing HTs, EXCEPT THE MEMBER DESIGNATED TO FEEDBACK, ARE TO OPERATE ON THE NEWLY DESIGNATED PRIMARY CHANNEL. One member, designated to produce feedback, is assigned two (2) HT's. Designated member should be located remote from such activity and to avoid confusion among searchers. Feedback is created by the designated member as follows: A. B. C. D. Both HT's are turned on. HT's are placed on channel which missing member was operating on. Transmitting button of one HT is pressed. The HT speakers are held one to two inches apart. This distance will produce the loudest high pitch feedback tone. (The feedback created by these two HT's will be transmitted to other HT's on the same frequency as far as a mile away).
IS EQUIPPED WITH A "TIME-OUT-TIMER" WHICH CUTS OFF THE TRANSMITTER AFTER 30 SECONDS OF CONTINUOUS OPERATION TO ELIMINATE THE "STUCK BUTTON" PROBLEM. THE MEMBER DESIGNATED TO PRODUCE THE FEEDBACK WILL HAVE TO RELEASE THE PUSH-TO-TALK BUTTON MOMENTARILY EVERY 30 SECONDS TO RE-KEY THE TRANSMITTER. PRODUCE TACTICAL

5.2

5.3

5.4 5.5 5.6

NOTE: THE HT

5.7 5.8 5.9

Feedback will be transmitted from the trapped member's HT, permitting searchers to home in. Search is conducted with as much ambient noise eliminated as possible (shutting down of department radios, apparatus, etc.). Searchers listen for feedback emanating from trapped member's HT. When feedback tone has been detected, searchers home in on location by use of this feedback.

5.10 When the definite location of member has been determined, the feedback signal should be discontinued to lessen the discomfort of trapped member and to enable communication between said member and searchers.

10

FDNY Chapter Seven NOTE:

Probationary Firefighters Manual COMMUNICATIONS THE EMERGENCY ALERT TONE CAN BE UTILIZED IN A SIMILAR MANNER. THIS PROCEDURE TAKES OF ADVANTAGE OF THE INCREASED WATTAGE OF THE EMERGENCY ALERT TONE AND MAXIMUM VOLUME OUTPUT
REGARDLESS OF THE MISSING MEMBERS VOLUME SETTING AND ONLY REQUIRES ONE HANDIE TALKIE.

THE EMERGENCY ALERT TONE WILL BE CREATED BY THE DESIGNATED MEMBER AS FOLLOWS: A. B. C. THE HANDIE TALKIE IS TURNED ON. HT ON.
IS PLACED ON CHANNEL WHICH MISSING MEMBER WAS OPERATING

IS PRESSED EVERY FEW SECONDS TO TRANSMIT THE ALERT TONE AND THEN PAUSING, ALLOWING FOR THE POSSIBILITY OF RESPONSE FROM THE TRAPPED MEMBER.

THE EMERGENCY ALERT BUTTON

HIGH RISE/HOSPITALS - GENERAL INFORMATION 6.1 6.2 Elevator cars, core areas and stairs in general hamper effective HT operations. Certain areas in a building allow good HT operations, such as outer area of the structure, windows or unobstructed shafts. It may be necessary to move around until best location is found. There is a possibility that radio frequency (RF) transmissions may affect the operation of medical equipment in hospitals. Members shall, during non-emergency visits to hospitals, restrict the use of HT and other RF transmissions (cellular phones, etc.) in-patient care areas of hospitals. Except in an emergency, members shall leave the patient care area prior to transmitting via HT.

6.3 6.4

6.5

11

FDNY Chapter Seven 7 HANDIE TALKIE SUBWAY RELAY

Probationary Firefighters Manual COMMUNICATIONS

If units arrive at the scene of a subway equipped with an operating repeater, the appropriate officers shall switch to Channel 14 (Primary Subway Repeater Channel) on their HT and follow the interim SOP (see AUC 207, Addendum 16). NOTE: An effective HT relay must be established whether the station is equipped with a repeater or not. Members of the 1st truck and the Officer of the 1st engine shall be utilized when establishing a HT relay. 7.1 Truck Chauffeur takes a position at the bottom of subway entrance stairs. If token booth is within 50 yards of stairs to street, contact main dispatcher through the clerk. (There is a telephone in the booth.) Information obtained should be relayed to Company Officer and INCIDENT COMMANDER. OV firefighter takes a position at the foot of stairs leading to the train platform if it is within 50 yards of chauffeur. Roof firefighter takes a position approximately 50 yards from the stairs on platform. Engine Officer takes a position approximately 100 yards from the roof firefighter on the platform. Additional HT equipped members every 100 yards, if necessary. Truck Officer proceeds to the location of the fire. 1. HT communications are poor from level to level. Communications in straight line are from fair to poor. Some subway stations have multiple levels underground, which will require additional handie talkies. The objective is to be able to communicate to grade level. 2. If available, POST RADIOS OR sound powered phones shall be utilized at subway operations.

7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6

This system can also be adapted for large cellars, sub cellars and maze type areas. NOTE:

12

NOTES: For example, the OV may be able to enhance communications by moving back and forth between the top and bottom of the platform stairs.

Additional H.T. equipped members may be needed to maintain communications, especially at locations with multiple underground levels

13

FDNY Chapter Seven 8 USE, CARE AND MAINTENANCE 8.1

Probationary Firefighters Manual COMMUNICATIONS

At the beginning of each tour a visual check of all HTs assigned to the unit must be made. Officers shall assign individual HTs to members at Roll Call according to the established guidelines. Individual members shall perform necessary tests to ensure proper operation of HT. Any malfunction discovered should be brought to the attention of the Officer immediately. Members are responsible for compliance with procedures established by Company Commanders to assure security of HT. To reduce damage to the HT unit and to protect it from adverse weather conditions, the unit must be worn under the bunker coat. Members should monitor the HT while responding to hear any transmission of units on scene relative to possible location of occupants, need for life saving rope, ventilation required, and to receive instructions from the Incident Commander. Many HTs will be in use at an all hands operation. Therefore, unnecessary chatter shall be kept to a minimum to avoid monopolizing the HT frequency. When more than one HT is being used in close proximity to another, a whining or screeching noise (feedback) may result interfering with the use of HT. THIS CAN BE OVERCOME BY KEEPING A HAND OVER THE REMOTE MIC, IF SO EQUIPPED, OF THE UNUSED RADIOS IN THE AREA.

8.2

8.3 8.4

8.5 8.6

USING THE HANDI-TALKIE WITH THE SELF-CONTAINED BREATHING APPARATUS 9.1 ALL FACEPIECES ARE EQUIPPED WITH VOICEMITTERS (AV 2000). THE PROPER PROCEDURE FOR USE OF THE HT WITH THE VOICEMITTER IS TO: A. Remove the microphone from the harness clip. B. Place the microphone DIRECTLY ON the voicemitter. C. After completing the transmission, the microphone can be returned to the harness clip.

14

FDNY Chapter Seven 10 RADIO DISCIPLINE 10.1

Probationary Firefighters Manual COMMUNICATIONS

Every firefighter will be equipped with their own HT. We must all remember that the HT is a tool of communications and should be used with discipline. The foremost use of our HT is as a listening device. At the scene of an expanding operation there will be numerous HTs on the scene. Members should be listening to the radio traffic keeping them abreast of the situation. Your message at that precise moment may not be the most important message at the time. Before transmitting (excluding an emergency report) member shall listen making sure the HT network is clear. Once certain no transmissions are taking place member can than transmit their message. Members must also be aware that a message transmitted but not responded to should be considered not received. Member shall continue their transmission until they receive a response.

10.2

10.3

11

EMERGENCY ROLL CALL PROCEDURES 11.1 Conditions requiring an Emergency Roll Call There are many situations where emergency roll calls are necessary. Some examples are: Mayday transmission for Collapse Imminent/Collapse Occurred, Urgent Transmission for Interior attack discontinued and exterior attack instituted or Loss of water endangering members. Anytime a building or area is evacuated, Chief or company officers shall account for all members in preparation of a roll call by the IC. Anytime the IC determines an emergency roll call is necessary to account for members. 11.2 The member conducting the emergency roll call will be known as the Roll Call Officer (RCO). The RCO must be assisted by another member who is responsible for monitoring the HT frequency that the emergency roll call is being conducted on and recording the members by position, as they reply. The RCO conducting the emergency roll call must monitor the HT and make sure they are not interrupting any emergency transmissions before transmitting over the appropriate frequency the following statement: Roll Call Officer to All Units, Prepare for an Emergency Roll Call

15

FDNY Chapter Seven

Probationary Firefighters Manual COMMUNICATIONS The RCO will then pause to give officers a chance to account for members, so they can accurately reply when called. Each officer should now account for their members within sight or hearing without using the HT.

11.3

Actions to be taken by firefighters when an emergency roll call is conducted A. Follow the directions included in the Mayday/Urgent transmission. Maintain radio discipline. Do not transmit, unless: Called by the RCO You have a Mayday/Urgent of your own You have a critical information regarding the Mayday/Urgent You have a critical message affecting the on-going operation B. C. If firefighting operations are to continue, complete your assignment When a firefighter is answering an emergency roll call via the HT, they will reply giving the company number they are working in, firefighting assignment and location. Example: RCO to Ladder 123 Roof, What is your location? Ladder 123 Roof to RCO, Im on the roof of the fire building. This response is the procedure for all members, including details, overtime etc., that may not be working in their assigned companies. D. Members not in the immediate vicinity of the member in distress must refrain from self deploying and becoming involved in any rescue efforts, unless specifically ordered. Your assignment must be addressed as assigned. If your assignment is completed, you will be re-assigned as needed by the IC. In numerous cases, when Mayday/Urgents were transmitted, self deployed members became a hindrance to the rescue efforts. If a members involvement in the rescue is necessary and they are unable to complete their firefighting assignment, the IC must be notified. If at anytime while operating at a fire or emergency, you come across a downed member, immediately notify the IC via the proper radio transmission. Anytime a member is unable to complete their assignment, they must notify the IC.

16

FDNY Chapter Seven

Probationary Firefighters Manual COMMUNICATIONS

11.4

Example Roll Call: RCO to Engine 234, account for your members. Engine 234 to RCO, we have 4 firefighters and my Nozzle and Backup are accounted for. RCO to Engine 234 ECC, What is your location? Engine 234 ECC to RCO, I am operating the pumper. RCO to Engine 234 Control, What is your location? Engine 234 Control to RCO, I am on the floor below flaking out the line. RCO to Engine 234, all members of Engine 234 have been accounted for. RCO to Ladder 123, account for your members. Ladder 123 to RCO, Ladder 123 has 5 firefighters; my Can and Irons are accounted for. RCO to Ladder 123 Roof, What is your location? Ladder 123 Roof to RCO, Im on the roof of the fire building. RCO to Ladder 123 Chauffeur, What is your location? Ladder 123 Chauffeur to RCO, Im on the turntable in front of Exposure 4. RCO to Ladder 123 OV, What is your location? Ladder 123 OV to RCO, Im on the rear fire escape. RCO to Ladder 123, all members of Ladder 123 are accounted for. RCO to Rescue 1, account for you members. Rescue 1 to RCO, Rescue 1 has 5 firefighters; my Irons, Can and OV are accounted for. RCO to Rescue 1 Roof, What is your location? Rescue 1 Roof to RCO, I am on the roof of the fire building. RCO to Rescue 1 Chauffeur, What is your location? Rescue 1 Chauffeur to RCO, I am on the floor above. RCO to Rescue 1, all members of Rescue 1 are accounted for.

11.5

When the roll call is completed, the RCO shall announce over the appropriate frequency, Roll Call Officer to all units, the Emergency Roll Call is completed.

12.

ELECTRONIC FIREGROUND ACCOUNTABILITY SYSTEM (EFAS)

12.1 The Electronic Fireground Accountability System (EFAS) is designed to improve the accountability of members at all operations. EFAS is installed on the MDT of all Battalion and Division vehicles allowing the Incident Commander (IC) the capability of: Immediately identifying any member(s) activating the Emergency Alert Button on their handie-talkie by displaying their company, position and name.

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Manually identifying any member(s) transmitting a verbal Mayday message via handie-talkie. Conducting an emergency electronic Roll Call. Reviewing handie-talkie transmission history. 12.2 It shall be the responsibility of the first arriving Battalion Firefighter, after performing their primary duties, to monitor EFAS until relieved by an EFAS trained member of the FAST Unit. The EFAS program automatically starts up on the MDT when the vehicle ignition is turned on. The EFAS window is designed to run behind the Starfire window. The EFAS start-up is delayed 1 minute to allow Starfire to connect. Do not attempt to select the EFAS button during this time. Members must wait until Starfire completely boots up before switching to the EFAS program.

12.3

12.4

Officers arriving at an incident, after they have transmitted their 10-84 via the MDT, must key their handie-talkie remote microphone once in order to check in. Keying the handie-talkie remote microphone will have all members of the unit recognized by EFAS.

12.5

When a member activates their Emergency Alert Button, their identity line in EFAS will automatically be highlighted. Their company, position and name will be listed in red in both the RADIO STATUS and MAYDAYS areas.

See figure 1- MAYDAY shown in RED 12.6 In addition, a hard copy automatically prints showing the company, position and time of Mayday. The members identity line will remain red in EFAS until the Emergency Alert is resolved and the handie-talkie is reset. Once cleared, the members highlighted identity line will change from red (active) back to white in the RADIO STATUS area. The members highlighted identity line will change from red (active) to yellow (cleared) and will remain in the MAYDAYS area. The EFAS system is capable of handling multiple Emergency Alert transmissions at the same time. All active MAYDAYS will appear in red in both the RADIO STATUS and MAYDAYS area. Member monitoring EFAS may have to utilize the scroll bar in the RADIO STATUS and MAYDAY area, in order view all MAYDAYS that were transmitted.

12.7

12.8

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Figure 1- MAYDAY shown in RED

12.9

If a member transmits a MAYDAY message on their handie-talkie, and does not activate their Emergency Alert Button, the member monitoring EFAS shall highlight that member by utilizing the MDT touch screen and manually assigning them a MAYDAY. Once a MAYDAY is assigned, a hard copy will print showing the members company, position and time MAYDAY was assigned. 12.9.1 Select the members name. A dialog box will appear for that member. The last person to transmit is always the top line in the RADIO STATUS area. 12.9.2 Select the ASSIGN MAYDAY button. This will highlight the members company, position and name, in red, in both the RADIO STATUS and MAYDAYS area. See Figure 2 below

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Figure 2- Assign MAYDAY

12.10 In the event a member transmits a MAYDAY for another member (e.g., unconscious member), the transmitting member shall: 1. Depress the Emergency Alert button (EAB) on their own handie-talkie. This will identify the member transmitting the MAYDAY on EFAS. 2. After the Emergency Alert activation, provide the Incident Commander with the information required for the MAYDAY transmission. 3. If possible, depress the EAB of the member in distress. The activation of the distressed members EAB will identify them on EFAS. Notify the IC via handie-talkie prior to EAB activation of the distressed member. 4. Transmitting member shall reset (cancel) their handie-talkie Emergency Alert by depressing and holding the Emergency Alert button of their remote microphone for approximately 2 seconds. The distressed members Emergency Alert shall remain activated until determined it is no longer required.

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12.11 MAYDAY RESOLVED 12.11.1 Select the members name. A dialog box will appear for that member. 12.11.2 Select the MANUALLY ACCOUNT button. Once cleared, the members highlighted identity line will change from red (active) back to white in the RADIO STATUS area. The members highlighted identity line will change from red (active) to yellow (cleared) and will remain in the MAYDAYS area.

Figure 3

12.12 1. 2.

ELECTRONIC ROLL CALL Select BEGIN ROLL CALL button located at the top of the EFAS screen. This will bring up the ROLL CALL screen. The left column will contain all members UNACCOUNTED FOR at the beginning of the Roll Call. When members key their remote microphone three times, their name will move from the UNACCOUNTED FOR column on the EFAS screen (left side) to the ACCOUNTED FOR column on the EFAS screen (right side). See Figure 4 If a member does not key their handie-talkie remote microphone, they will remain on the UNACCOUNTED FOR EFAS column and will need to be contacted. If a member is confirmed accounted for but they do not have ability to click their handie-talkie remote microphone, you can manually account for the member. Select the members name in the UNACCOUNTED FOR column by utilizing the MDT touch screen. A dialog box will appear for that member, select the MANUALLY ACCOUNT button. See Figure 5

3.

4.

5.

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Figure 4

Figure 5

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6.

When the Roll Call is complete, select the END ROLL CALL button located at the top of the EFAS screen. A dialog box will appear, select the END ROLL CALL. button. See Figure 6 below

Figure 6

12.13 NON ESSENTIAL PERSONNEL shall be defined as any company not assigned to the incident but because of their proximity to the incident will show up on the EFAS screen as a result of utilizing their handie-talkie. 12.14 EFAS defaults to Tactical Channel 1; however, it has the capability of monitoring any of the 16 Channels. The IC shall assign an additional member to monitor EFAS for each channel in use e.g., secondary tactical, primary command, secondary command. A separate Battalion/EFAS equipped vehicle and EFAS trained member is required for each channel in use. 12.15 EFAS has the capability to convert the digital data designated by the spare radios. As a result, members who are assigned a spare radio will be identified by their Company and Riding position.

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Radio Code Signals

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10-1 10-2 10-3 10-4 10-5 10-6 10-7 10-8 10-9 10-10 10-11 10-12 10-14 10-18 10-19 10-20 10-21 10-22 10-23 10-24 10-25

Call your Quarters or Other Unit Return to Quarters Call Dispatcher by Telephone Acknowledgment Repeat Message Stand By Verify Address/Location In-Service by Radio Off the Air Unit Location Radio Test Count Preliminary Report Roster Staffed Engine Company Return all Units, except 1 Engine AND 1 Ladder Return All Units, except 1 Engine OR 1 Ladder Proceed at Reduced Speed Brush Fire Outside Rubbish Fire Abandoned/Derelict Vehicle Fire (ADV) Auto Fire Manhole or Transformer Fire or Emergency Fire has extended into a building. Fire has blown one or more manhole covers, or smoke is issuing from a manhole under pressure. Smoke is seeping from a manhole. Fire or smoke from a transformer at any location i.e. pole, vault, room, etc

10-28

Subway or Railroad System - Fire, Emergency (non-medical) or Smoke Structural fire Non-Structural fire (e.g. train fire, rubbish on the tracks, etc) Emergency (non-medical)

Code 1: Code 2: Code 3: 10-31 10-32 10-33

Assist Civilian Defective Oil Burner Odor Condition

Code 1: Odor of smoke Code 2: Any other type of odor 10-34 Sprinkler System Emergency Code 1: Defective device /system Code 2: Unwarranted/not defective Code 3: Activated by heat source other than accidental fire 10-35 Unwarranted/Unnecessary Alarm System Activation

No Code: Unwarranted(defective condition) Code 1-4: Unnecessary Alarms caused by the following Code 1: System testing/servicing Code 2: Construction activities Code 3: Ordinary household activities Code 4: Other known cause (smoking in unauthorized area, etc) 10-36 Vehicle Accident or Emergency: Requires wash-down No injuries & no wash-down Injuries occurred A trapped victim requiring extrication, with or w/o injuries Code 1: Code 2: Code 3: Code 4:

Code 1: Code 2:

Code 3: Code 4:

No Code: Other than above 10-26 10-27 Food on Stove Compactor or Incinerator Fire 27

10-51 10-60 10-37 Medical Assignment Not Associated With Fire Operations Code 1: Victim deceased Code 2: not breathing/life threatening injury/illness or requiring resuscitation Code 3: breathing/ non-life threatening injury/illness Code 4: Unit is 10-84, NO patient contact and EMS is on scene Note: Signal 10-45 shall be transmitted for thermal burn injuries. 10-70 10-75 10-76 10-77 10-66

Suspension of Outside Activities Major Emergency Response Missing, Lost, Trapped, or Seriously Injured Member Requiring Extrication Water Supply Is Required Notification of a Fire or Emergency Notification of a Fire in a HighRise Building Notification of a Fire in a HighRise Multiple Dwelling

10-80 Hazardous Material Incident

10-38 10-39 10-40

Carbon Monoxide Response FD Standing By Utility Emergency Gas Emergency Electrical Emergency Water Condition Steam Leak

Code 1
An incident that requires additional resources not carried by regular field units to mitigate a spill or release that requires specialized training, knowledge, equipment or PPE. Code 2 An incident that involves a spill or release with 4 or less contaminated civilians or responders and requires Haz-Mat resources for possible rescue, mitigation and decontamination. Code 3 A Mass Decontamination incident where 5 or more civilians or responders are contaminated and additional Department resources are needed above the Code 2 level.

Code 1: Code 2: Code 3: Code 4:

10-41 Suspicious Fire (Code Required) 10-44 Request for Ambulance 10-45 Civilian DOA or Serious Injury (Fire Related ONLY) Code 1 Deceased, EMS color tag BLACK Code 2 Life threatening injury, EMS color tag RED/ORANGE Code 3 Non-Life threatening, EMS color tag YELLOW Code 4 Non-serious injury/ambulatory, EMS color tag GREEN 10-47 10-48 Police Response Police Response for Harassment 28

Code 4 A Mass Decontamination Response requiring Mass Decon Task Forces (MDTF) to decontaminate a large number of victims as quickly as possible.

10-84 10-85 10-86 10-87 10-91 10-92 10-99

First Unit to Arrive. Fire Marshal requires emergency police assistance (specify reason) Fluoroprotein Foam Operation High Expansion Foam Operation Medical Emergency EMS-Fire Unit not Required Malicious False Alarm Unit Will Be Operating for at least 30 Min

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PART TWO
EXPOSURE IDENTIFICATION

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EXPOSURE IDENTIFICATION
2. The system uses a series of numbers and letters to develop an identification code which is directly related to the building or occupancy the communicator is talking about. This system always uses as a reference point, the view as seen by a person standing in front of and looking at the fire building. 2.1 Buildings separated by more than thirty feet from the fire building, should not be identified as exposures unless the volume of fire or complexity of the incident causes an exposure problem.

3. 4. 5.

Numbers indicate direction (front, left, rear and right). Letters indicate distance from the main fire building or fire. Explanation of numbers: 5.1 5.2 "0" - when used as the first digit it indicates the FIRE BUILDING or FIRE AREA. "0" - when used in any other position "0" refers to a subdivision of the building which is identified by the number following the "0" or the letters following the "0". "1" - is used to indicate the street in front of the main fire building or the buildings opposite the front of the main fire building. "2" - is used to indicate any building or area to the left of the main fire building. "3" - is used to indicate any building or area to the rear of the main fire building. "4" - is used to indicate any building or area to the right of the main fire building. "A" - is used to indicate the second building or subdivision from the main fire building or fire area. "B" - is used to indicate the third building or subdivision. "C" - is used to indicate the fourth building or subdivision. "D" - is used to indicate the fifth building or subdivision. "E" - is used to indicate the sixth, "F" is the 7th, and so on down the alphabet.

5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 6. 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5

Explanation of letters:

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Illustration # 1

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The following illustrations show how the exposure system is used: Illustration 1, depicts a single building. The building is identified as "O", "1" is a street, "2" is a lot "3" is a lot and "4" is a lot. This indicates that the building is isolated. Illustration 2 depicts a taxpayer with nine (9) individual stores, or nine subdivisions. The fire is located in the center store. The store to the immediate left of the fire store is identified as exposure "O-2", the next store on the left (two stores from the fire store) is "0-2A", the third store on the left would be "O-2B" and the fourth store would be "02C". The first store on the immediate right of the fire store would be exposure "0-4", the second store on the right would be "0-4A", the third store would be "0-4B", and the fourth store would be "0-4C".

7.2

O 2 C

O 2 B

O 2 A

O 2

O 4

O 4 A

O 4 B

O 4 C

1
Illustration # 2

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Illustration 3 depicts a more complex problem. It uses as a foundation the taxpayer shown in illustration #2. The fire building is identified as "0" and all subdivisions are identified by having their ID codes start with "0". The second character in the identification code is a number and indicates the direction; "2" indicates the left side and "4" indicates the right side. The third character is a letter and indicates how far away from the fire store the subdivision is located. Exposure "1", for this illustration is a street. The first building to the left of the fire building is exposure "2", the second is "2A". The buildings directly to the rear of the fire building are exposure "3". The building immediately to the right of the fire building is identified as exposure "4", the next building to the right is exposure "4A", than "4B", "4C", etc.

Illustration #3
Note: To eliminate any confusion in identifying rear exposures, all buildings in the rear shall be referred to as exposure "3". If operations on exposure "3" become too complex, the Incident Commander should create a sector and assign a sector officer to manage this area.

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Illustration #4 shows how the system builds; it starts with a fire in the taxpayer, "O", that extends to the right and then out of the taxpayer and into the windows of the top floor of exposure "4". Exposure "4" is an "H-type" building and because of its size, we will mentally subdivide it into sections. Each of the arms of the "H" will be identified as WINGS. In this illustration the wing closest to the fire building is wing "A", the next arm is wing "B" and if there is a third or fourth wing they would be identified as wing "C" and wing "D". Wings are identified from left to right looking from the front of the building: If necessary each wing can be further subdivided from front to rear using the terms FRONT, CENTER, and REAR. The part of the building connecting each wing shall be designated the throat and shall be referred to as the throat between "A" wing and "B" wing etc.

Illustration # 4

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Illustration 5 depicts a fire that originated in the "H" building and has extended to the left into the taxpayer. It has advanced down the row of stores to the third store and threatens the fourth store. The "H" type building is identified as "O", the taxpayer is exposure "2" and the first store or subdivision of the taxpayer is identified as "2-0". The "2" indicates the first building on the left; the "O" following a number indicates that we are now referring to a subdivision. The second store is "2-OA", the third store is "2-OB", the 4th is "2-OC", the 5th is "2-OD", the 6th is "2-OE". The next building is a separate building, not part of the taxpayer and is identified as exposure "2A", then "2B", etc. The buildings opposite the fire building represent exposure "1" because either the separation is less than 30 feet or the intense fire creates an exposure problem.

Illustration # 5

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PART THREE
SECTION
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

TITLE

PAGE

INTRODUCTION ...............................................................................41
DESCRIPTION AND USE OF HANDIE-TALKIE................................41 SPECIAL FEATURES .........................................................................48 EQUIPMENT DISTRIBUTION AND ASSIGNMENTS ........................49 UNIT INTRACOMMUNICATIONS .....................................................49 MAINTENANCE OF HANDIE-TALKIE EQUIPMENT .......................50 RADIO FREQUENCY (RF) INTERFENCE AND DEADSPOTS ..........50

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In order to meet the department's communications needs, a comprehensive communications system is being developed. The first phase includes new handie-talkie radios with enhanced features, vehicular cross band repeaters and 45-watt post radios. These three components will significantly improve communications in fire operations. 1.1 Handie-Talkies: (HT) The Department has purchased 2 models of Motorola XTS3500R analog UHF HTs. They provide Interagency/Interoperability communications, as well as future Fire Dispatch communications. Note: Currently some in-building repeaters are not compatible with UHF HTs. 2. 2.1 DESCRIPTION AND USE OF HT Two XTS3500R HT models (Model I and Model III) come equipped with the following:

2 Watt to 5 Watt capability 5" whip antenna Nickel Cadmium rechargeable battery Carrying case with an adjustable shoulder strap

2.2

LCD Display: (Model III only) The Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) provides visual information, including Zone Indication and Selected Channel. Every handie-talkie has an assigned 7-digit numeric Internal Identification Code. The code identifies the company and assigned riding position of the radio. This code will appear on the LCD screen of Model IIIs for all transmissions. Activation of the Emergency Alert Button will cause the ID number to be preceded by the letters EM: Model III radio is also capable of receiving a special 7-digit number specifically assigned to each radio, which will appear its LCD screen for all transmissions. Note: EM and the members ID code will appear again if the second "Emergency Alert Tone" is sent and/or each time the member depresses his/her push-to-talk button until member resets the Emergency Alert Button.

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5" Whip Antenna Lock Screw for Remote Mic Channel Frequency Indicator

16 Channel Frequency Selector Knob Remote Mic Connection

Volume Control/ ON-OFF Knob

LED Light

3 Position Zone Selector (A-B-C) Light Button "Squelch" Button Microphone Disabled For future use Speaker Concentric Switch (disabled) Emergency Alert Button

Push-To-Talk Button

Company ID#

MODEL I
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FDNY Chapter Seven 5" Whip Antenna 16 Channel Frequency Selector Knob LED Light

Probationary Firefighters Manual COMMUNICATIONS

Remote Mic Connector Channel Frequency Indicator Volume Control/ ON-OFF Knob 3 Position Zone Selector (A-B-C) Lock Screw for Remote Mic Concentric Switch (Disabled) Emergency Alert Button

Light Button (Purple) "Squelch" Button (Gray) Speaker Disabled (Gray) For future use

Microphone

Multifunction LCD Push-ToTalk

Soft Keys

Company ID#

MODEL III
43

3X4 Alphanumeric Keypad

FDNY Chapter Seven

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REMOTE MICROPHONE

MICROPHONE PUSH-TO-TALK BUTTON SPEAKER

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FDNY Chapter Seven 2.3 ON-OFF/Volume Knob:

Probationary Firefighters Manual COMMUNICATIONS

Radio ON: Rotate knob clockwise until a click is heard or felt. The radio will go through a power-up self-test. The Model III display shows "Self Test". When the radio passes the self-test, it emits a short tone sound. If the radio fails the self-test, the radio emits a low-pitched tone sound. The Model III display shows "FAIL XX/YY", where XX/YY is an alphanumeric code. Turn the radio off, check the battery, and turn the radio back on. If the radio still does not pass its self-test, it is defective. The defect shall be noted on a repair tag and the HT sent for repair. The HT must be turned ON prior to donning the bunker coat. Volume must be adjusted for effective communications. Operating at maximum volume increases feedback, which may interfere with communications. To reduce damage to the HT unit and to protect it from adverse weather conditions, the unit must be worn under the bunker coat. 2.4 Push-To-Talk (PTT) Button: Puts Radio in the Transmit Mode PTT function is also extended to the remote microphone. When the PTT button is depressed it transmits a pre-determined 7-digit number, specifically assigned to that radio. When the PTT switch is released at the end of a transmission, a tone will be heard through the microphone speaker. The tone level is proportional to the volume setting. 2.5 A/B/C Switch: (Model I) Disabled (except for selected units) (Model III) Chief Officers and selected units selects any of 3 zones 2.7 Emergency Alert Button (EAB): (Top Orange Button) 2.7.1 When the Emergency Alert Button is activated; the wattage of the transmission will be increased from 2 watts to 5 watts. This activation initiates one set of distinctive tones on the transmitting radio called a "Beacon" and another set of distinctive tones on the receiving radio(s) called the "Emergency Alert Tones." Emergency tones are sent at maximum power to facilitate better building penetration and will be heard at maximum volume regardless of the receiving radios volume setting. They are intended to signal the Incident Commander and other firefighters at the scene that there is a Mayday/Urgent transmission in progress. All other radio traffic should cease to clear the channel for the message to be heard. The Emergency Alert Button, when activated, immediately transmits a distinctive tone on the selected channel. A second "Emergency Alert Tone" will be transmitted automatically 10 seconds after the initial tone if the following conditions are present:

2.7.2

2.7.3

The firefighter who activated the emergency alert button has not pressed the radio or remote microphone push-to-talk button within 10 seconds.

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Probationary Firefighters Manual COMMUNICATIONS There is no activity on the channel at the instant that the radio attempts to send the second tone. If the channel is busy the radio will postpone the attempt until there is no activity on the channel. The firefighter who initiated the emergency has not reset the Emergency Alert Button.

2.7.4

When activated, the Emergency Alert Button sends out an electronic identification signal, preceded by the letters EM that can be read on all Model III radio LCD screens within reception range. This gives Chief Officers the ability to identify the unit and the assigned position of the member transmitting the emergency. This will facilitate in contacting and locating the member. The Emergency Alert Button produces a distinctive set of tones on the radio that activated the emergency. These "Beacon" tones will be heard at maximum volume regardless of the radio's volume setting. These tones serve two purposes. 1. To have a continuously repeating beacon tone coming from the transmitting radio. This allows other members in close proximity to home in on the beacon while trying to locate the member with the emergency. The beacon tone takes priority over received audio; that is, the radio will interrupt any incoming audio on the radio transmitting the emergency in order to sound the beacon at regular intervals. The "Beacon" will continue to transmit at the member's location until reset. To alert the member who activated the Emergency Alert Button. This will inform the member that it is his/her radio transmitting the emergency. In the event of an accidental transmission, member must immediately notify the Incident Commander, cancel the emergency and then reset the Emergency Alert Button. To reset the Emergency Alert Button, the member can either depress the Emergency Alert Button and hold it for approximately 2 seconds until a reset tone is heard, then release the button, or simply turn the radio off and then back on. If an Emergency Alert and subsequent voice communication are not acknowledged, the "Emergency Alert Tone" can be resent by briefly depressing the emergency button again. If a member is directed to switch channels while in the Emergency Alert Mode its "Beacon" will continue to sound until reset. In addition, the member's "EM" signal will be transmitted on the new channel. As with the previous handie-talkie models, unforeseen and isolated incidents of radio frequency peculiarities continue to be experienced which interfere with communications procedures. These have been found due to proximity of radios, radios out of range or poor radio discipline. Can be activated from the HT base by holding for approximately a second. Can be deactivated using the HT base by holding down for 2 seconds.

2.7.5

2.

Notes:

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Probationary Firefighters Manual COMMUNICATIONS

Turns Channel Selector Knob and LCD (Model III) backlight ON for 5 seconds. Squelch Button: (Upper Gray) Depressing the squelch button momentarily opens the internal squelch of the radio for the duration of button actuation. Model III LCD Display shows the speaker symbol when squelch is in open mode. 2.11 Multifunction LED: When the HT is turned ON, the LED temporarily illuminates Green and is followed by a short tone. This indicates that the HT is in proper working order. Steady Red Flashing Red (while transmitting)
Radio is transmitting Low

battery or when the radio voltage temporarily drops below the preset alert level too low to transmit but reception is possible

Flashing Green (while transmitting) 2.14

Battery

Zone Selection: (Certain Model I and all Model III) Each zone is a grouping of channels. The HT is provided with three distinct zones, Zones A, B and C. To select any of the three Zones, flip the A/B/C Switch to appropriate Zone. Channel Selection: 16 Position Select Knob Rotate to select specific channel. The Model III LCD display shows the selected zone and channel. When changing channels, you must ensure that the channel selector knob is on the intended channel. If the channel selector knob is inadvertently placed between channels, an incorrect channel may be activated. You must stop at a full click.

2.15

2.16

Remote Speaker/Microphone Is provided with a hang up clip for attachment to the shoulder strap or a heavy spring loaded clip for attachment to the bunker coat.

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FDNY Chapter Seven 3. 3.1 SPECIAL FEATURES Water Resistance

Probationary Firefighters Manual COMMUNICATIONS

Radios and the remote speaker/microphones are designed to be water resistant to the effects of temporary submersion. Water resistance is highly dependent on proper use/connection and condition of the radio seal elements. Therefore, the radio should not be subject to unwarranted or casual submersion outside the function of firefighting. 3.2 Audible Tone at End of Transmission (a.k.a. Key-up or Trailing Tone) At end of each transmission, the radio emits an audible tone to: 1) inform the operator of the volume setting, 2) indicate that the radio is functioning properly and 3) to signal the receivers' radio of the end of transmission. 3.3 Audible Indication of Volume Setting The radio operator may determine the volume setting in 3 ways: 1) level of audio during reception, 2) "squelch noise" when depressing upper gray button and 3) audible tone at end of each transmission. 3.4 30 Second Time-Out-Timer This feature cuts off the transmitter after 30 seconds of continuous transmission and is especially useful to correct the "stuck-button" problem. At the remote microphone speaker, the radio emits a short audible warning tone at approximately 26 seconds and a continuous tone at approximately 30 seconds. This indicates that the transmitter has been shut off. The operator can re-key the transmitter again if a longer transmission is required. This resets the Time-Out-Timer. Intrinsically Safe and Non-Incendive The radio is approved to be Intrinsically Safe and Non-Incendive for several classified hazardous (flammable or explosive) environments when used with specific batteries. This means that the radio will not release sufficient electrical or thermal energy under normal or abnormal conditions to cause ignition of specific flammable vapors, liquid or gas, or combustible dusts or fibers in their most easily ignitable concentrations. Handie-Talkies and cell phones shall not be used within 150 feet of vehicles transporting explosives, explosive magazines, or areas where blasting operations are in progress. Apparatus, Post, and Marine radios shall not be operated within 300 feet of such areas. Units responding to emergencies for reported explosive devices shall follow the distance guidelines stated above. In addition, Handie-Talkies shall not be operated in a building in which police personnel are searching for an explosive device.

3.5

3.6

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EQUIPMENT DISTRIBUTION AND ASSIGNMENTS Positional Radio Assignments Engraved on the side of every unit's radio is the Company number and the assigned position of the radio. Examples: For Engine 79 Officer: For Ladder 81 Roof: FDNY E079-01 FDNY L081-03

Companies shall adhere to the following assignment and record it on the BF-4 each tour. 4 FIREFIGHTER ENGINE COMPANY Officer 01 ECC 02 Nozzle 03 Back-up 04 Control 05 Spare 06 5 FIREFIGHTER ENGINE COMPANY Officer 01 ECC 02 Nozzle 03 Back-up 04 Control 05 Door 06 LADDER COMPANY Officer LCC/QC Roof OV Irons Can 01 02 03 04 05 06

Note: Any markings of the case MUST coincide with the assigned numerical position of the radio. 4.4 Internal ID Code Every radio has an assigned 7-digit numeric internal identification code. Examples: For Engine 79 Officer: For Ladder 81 Roof: 5079001 7081003

The internal code will appear on the LCD screen of Model IIIs for all received messages. 5. UNIT INTRACOMMUNICATIONS The HT worn by the officer of the unit will be identified by the unit number. Other HTs used by the same unit will be identified by unit number and position. Example: Company Officer: "Ladder 1 to Ladder 1 Roof. Have you opened the bulkhead yet? K" Ladder 1 Roof: "Ladder 1 Roof to Ladder 1. Having difficulty with bulkhead door but skylight is off. K" Officer: "Ladder 1, Ten-four."

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FDNY Chapter Seven 6. 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.5 6.6 6.7 MAINTENANCE OF HT EQUIPMENT

Probationary Firefighters Manual COMMUNICATIONS

If the HT becomes wet at an operation, or has been submerged in water, remove the battery, dry, and clean the HT and battery contacts before re-attaching battery to the HT. If the remote microphone becomes wet, or submerged, water trapped inside the speaker grille and microphone can be removed by shaking the unit well. External battery charging contacts may be cleaned with an eraser if a coating is observed on the contacts. Never use an abrasive. Members should not remove or replace any accessories associated with the radio, including antenna and remote microphone. Member should not remove the radio housing. This will jeopardize the waterproof integrity of the radio. When HTs are sent for repair, they should be sent complete (radio, antenna, battery, and external remote microphone) with defect and company number recorded on tag. Leather goods (cases and straps) should not be sent unless they need repair.

7. 7.1

RADIO FREQUENCY (RF) INTERFERENCE AND DEADSPOTS There are known and unknown locations where handie-talkie operations are hampered e.g., hospitals and dense buildings. Buildings with communications difficulties should be included in the CIDS program. Communication transmissions and reception can sometimes be improved by moving a few feet or turning ones body. Repeaters not included in our infrastructure could hamper FDNY communications.

7.2 7.3

As with the previous handie-talkie models, unforeseen and isolated incidents of radio frequency peculiarities continue to be experienced which interfere with communications procedures. These have been found due to proximity of radios, radios out of range or poor radio discipline.

BY ORDER OF THE FIRE COMMISSIONER AND CHIEF OF DEPARTMENT

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