Introduction with Vocational Training

Programme
Definition: Training is the organized procedure under which one gets acquainted
with the different kinds of parts and perspectives of the field/site work which therefore
helps the individual a lot in future.
Objective: The objective of training is to achieve a change in behaviour of those
trained. Now we are much confident to apply our newly acquired knowledge and skills
on the job in such a way as to aid in achievement of organizational goals.
Benefits: Following are the benefits of training in an organization-
• Reduces the learning time.
• Improves performance.
• Practical knowledge.

• Attitude formation.

• Aid in solving operational problem.

• Confidence-build up.

Methodology: Training methodology we faced-

• On-the-job: The whole site was visited; the queries and questions were put
before the engineers of respective departments. All the activities, plants and
machineries were sited and their features were taken into account. All in all entire
field work was observed very keenly and efficiently.
• Class room: The planning manager ‘Mr. Santanu Chakraborty’ briefed us the
entire training schedule. He guided us about all the aspects of construction work.
Also we were given necessary data’s and documents to study which helped us a
lot in completing this assignment.

• Evaluation: Questionnaires were faced.

About the Company
Name of the company: SIMPLEX INFRASTRUCTURES PRIVATE
LIMITED
Registered office: SIMPLEX HOUSE
27 SHAKESPEARE SARANI,
KOLKATA – 700017

Former name: SIMPLEX CONCRETE PILES (INDIA) LIMITED

Established: The Company was established in 1924 by H.P. Lancaster.

Features of the company:

• Company is an ISO family since 2004.
• It is TUV certified valid till 3rd October 2010.

• It is an ISO 9001:2000 approved companies now replaced by IS/ISO 9001:2008.

• Major construction execution works are taken up by the company.

• Infrastructure building, flyovers, etc. are major construction works.

• It is executing hundreds of towers in country and abroad.

• It has many office branches in India and abroad.

• Its last year 2008-2009 turnover for the fiscal year of the project is Rs. 3500crores
approx.
Quality policy of the company:
“We, in simplex infrastructure private limited, are committed to execute projects as per
customer requirements ensuring customer satisfaction through implementation of quality
management system in accordance with ISO 9001:2008 and making continual efforts to
enhance quality”.

Objectives of the company:

• To inculcate in the minds of the employees the culture of project execution with
consistent quality assurance and adherence to milestones as per customer’s
requirements through development of programmes and guidelines.
• To ensure and improve customer satisfaction.
• To maintain a conducive environment and infrastructural facilities at work places
with due consideration to occupational health and safety legislations.

Occupational health and safety policy:

• Intends to maintain a safe and healthy environment and takes due care about
occupational and safety of employees.
• Strives to achieve zero accident rates through having an effective and competent
site management team and trained work forces.
• In case of emergencies, the project management team is always ready and quick
to respond to them.
• The use of protective gears like safety helmets, protective shoes, safety nets etc.
strictly enforced among the workers at the site.
About the project
Name of the project: ‘ELITA GARDEN VISTA’

Name of the client: KEPPEL MAGUS DEVELOPMENT PRIVATE LIMITED

Name of Contractor: SIMPLEX INFRASTRUCTURES PRIVATE

LIMITED

Location of the site: KEPPEL LAND SITE

AKANDA KESARI,
VILLAGE – KADA,
NEW BAILEY BRIDGE,
NEWTOWN, RAJARHAT
KOLKATA – 700135

Jobs Description:
• Substructure work: Elita Garden Vista (EGV) main piling and pile caps/tie,
beam work or substructure works.
• Superstructure work: Elita Garden Vista (EGV) apartment blocks –
superstructure works (including basement car-park, podium, club house and
swimming pool and major external works).

Introduction of the Project:

The work consists of the construction of 15 towers. Each tower having 2 segment and
each segment having 2 flats. The towers are named in a clockwise direction as block 1 to
block 16 (excluding block 6). At ground floor 50% area is used as apartment (2
apartments) and the rest as a car parking space. Elevated Podium construction is also
taken over the entire space having an area of 27000m2 in between the tower line. The
podium includes construction of basement car parking area, external roads, driveways,
club house, swimming pool, mini cricket ground and many other facilities. The work
consists of 15nos high-rise (22 storied in average, 327nos total floor @ 598m2/floor built-
up area, total 195509m2 and total 1278nos HIG flats) towers. The site has an approximate
area of 24.9 acres. The type of foundation is pile foundation. The entire structure is an
R.C.C framed structure.
Value of work:
• Substructure work: Rs. 29.22crores.
• Superstructure work: phase -1: Rs. 108crores.

Phase -2: Rs. 68.9crores.

Total : Rs. 176.9crores.

Tenure of work:
• Substructure works: 5 months (18th October 2007 – 17thMarch 2008)
(Revised date of completion 30th November 2008)
• Superstructure works: Phase1- 31 months (22nd May’08 – 21st
December’10)
Phase2 - 32 months (22nd May’08 – 21st January’11)

Contract No.:
• Substructure Works: C – 2293.
• Superstructure Works: C – 2362.

Consultants Involved (for superstructure work):

• Civil and structural – S.P.A. Consultants.

• Mechanical and electrical – Entask Consultancy Services Private Limited.

• Quantity survey – Davis Langdon & Seah Consultancy Private Limited.

• Interior design – Suying Design Private Limited.

• Landscape – Site Concept Internationals.

Architectures Involved (for superstructure work):

• Project architect – Agrawal & Agrawal.

• Concept architect – Architects 61 private limited.

Material supplied by the client:

Following are the materials supplied by the client, KEPPEL MAGUS DEVELOPMENT
PRIVATE LIMITED on free issue basis-
Reinforcement Steel, Wooden Door Frames, Wooden Architraves, Wooden Door Shutter,
Door Fittings/Iron Mongeries, Vitrified Tiles, Ceramic Tiles, &Ceramic/Vitrified
Skirting, etc.

Works (Scope) to be carried by Simplex Infrastructures

Pvt. Ltd.:
• Substructure work: Pile Foundation, Pile Cap, Tie-beams and Ground Slab.

• Superstructure work: R.C.C Work, Brick Work, Door Frame, Interior

Plastering, Interior Water Proofing, Balcony or Railing, Tiling and Backing,
Floor Tiling, Door Shuttering, Architraves and Interior Painting, Miscellaneous,
Exterior Plastering, Exterior Painting and General preliminaries except electrical,
fire fighting, aluminium with glazing, Plumbing and sanitation works, and
landscaping works

General outlay of work:

Project towers are divided into 2 phases which are arranged as according to marketing
planning as well as construction schedule.

Tentative
Size of Built up
Total no. of Total no. Of total floor
Phase Block each flats area
floors apartments area per
(m2) (m2)/floor.
block (m2).

B1 15 58 112 546 8190

1a B2 18 70 109 535 9630
B3 25 98 112 548 13700
B14 25 98 132 628 15700
1b B15 18 70 109 535 9630
B16 15 58 112 547 8205
B4 30 118 132 627 18810
1c
B5 30 118 132 627 18810
Total no. Of apartments = 688
Tentative total built up area = 102675 m2
 Tentative
Size of Built up
Total no. of Total no. Of total floor
Phase Block each flats area
floors apartments area per
(m2) (m2)/floor.
block (m2).
B12 30 118 132 627 18810
2a
B13 30 118 132 627 18810
B7 18 70 109 535 9630
B8 15 58 132 628 9420
2b B9 15 58 132 628 9420
B10 18 70 109 535 9630
B11 25 98 132 628 15700
Total no. Of apartments = 590
Tentative total built up area = 91420 m2

Quantities of Major Items:

BASED ON B.O.Q QUANTITIES

SL. NO. DESCRIPTION UNIT PODIUM BLOCKS EXTERNAL TOTAL

a CONCRETE CUM 26036 66939 1799 94774

b REINFORCEMENT MT 2144 9660 174 11979

c SHUTTERING SQM 65626 607181 7554 680361

d BRICK WORK-200 SQM 1737 113234 114971

e BRICK WORK-100/150 SQM 125058 125058

PLASTER INSIDE
f SQM 6231 325502 4670 336403
WALL
PLASTER INSIDE
g SQM 925 146629 147554
CEIL
h PLASTER OUTSIDE SQM 43560 274774 292 318626

i FLOORING SQM 33371 179590 17930 230891

j DADOING SQM 67432 2794 70226

k PAINTING INSIDE SQM 52241 526557 1349 580147

l PAINTING OUTSIDE SQM 287930 2887 290817

Present status up to May-09 end:

• Substructure work: Completed on 26/11/2008 at Rs. 27.58 Cr.
• Superstructure work:
Phase 1 - Till May’09

Structural achievements

R.C.C work – 43.5%; Block floor – 72 Nos

Architectural achievements

Brick work – 16.2%; Block floor – 30 Nos

Financial status – 20% (Rs. 20.46crore out of Rs. 108crore)

Phase 2 - Completed up to grade slab level on- 25/03/2009 at Rs. 1.00 Cr.

(Super structural Works above Grade Slab Level to be kept under hold till further
intimation from client).

Details of Contract (part I):

• Accepted Contract Amount: The Accepted Contract Amount shall be the
Fixed Price Amount of Indian Rupees Twenty Nine Cr. Twenty One Lakhs
Eighty Thousand Two Hundred and Fifty Eight only (INR 29,21,80,258.00/-
only) inclusive of all taxes, duties and the like except VAT and Service Tax.
• Fixed Price Contract: The Accepted Contract Amount is for a Fixed Price
Contract which will be re-measured based on the method of measurement
included within the tender documents and priced at contract rates.
• Contract Commencement and Completion: The possession of the site
for this contract has been given on 19th September 2007.The commencement date
shall be one (1) month after 19th September 2007, with a Contract Duration of 5
months after mobilisation period.
Commencement Date: 18th October 2007.
Completion Date : 17th March 2008.
• Delay Damages: Should the company fail to complete the works by the
Contract Completion date or any extended completion date, the Employer shall be
entitled to recover from the company liquidated and ascertained damages as
follows:
1% per week of Accepted Contract Amount subject to a maximum of 10% of
Accepted Contract Amount.

• Performance Security: The value of the performance security for the works
shall be 10% of the Accepted Contract Amount.
Failure to do this will result in the client deducting the amount equivalent to the
value of the security from the progress payments payable to the company.
• Coordination with the Employers’ Direct Contractors: The company
shall allow access, interface, programme and organise the work and liaise closely
with all contractors, that are directly engaged by the employer and afford
whatever assistance, attendances and access that may be necessary to ensure the
satisfactory and timely sequencing and completion of the works on site, control
measures and planning, sequencing shall be provided.
• Programme: Within 2 weeks from the date of issue of the Letter of Award, the
company has to furnish a detailed programme and organization chart for the
Engineers’ approach and for use as tools for monitoring your work progress.
• Site: The Company should be responsible for maintaining and protection of all
the areas within the boundary of the site, including but not limited to
environmental protection measures, anti mosquitoes breeding etc.

• Interfacing Works: The Company is responsible for all interfacing works

related to the company’s scope of works with the following parties:
(a)Direct Contractors.
(b)Neighbours.
(c)Authorities.
• Sub Letting: The Company shall not sub let whole or any portion of the works,
without prior approval of the Engineer.
• Defects Notification/ Liability Period: The Defects Notification Period
shall be 12 months which shall include the rectification of the defective works
arising from the handing over of works to the engineer (employer).

• Items Clarified and Agreed:

 (a) The employer reserves their rights to make adjustments for any increase or
decrease in the above rate from the Accepted Contract Amount accordingly on
works for pile caps and tie beams only.
(b) As agreed, the 1.25% discount amounting to the Indian Rupees Twenty
Three Lakhs Ninety Thousand Nine Hundred and Thirty only (INR
23,90,930.00 /- only) would be reimbursed to the Company should the whole
works are completed within the employers’ stipulated time of 5 months.

Details of Contract (part II):

• Accepted Contract Amount: The Accepted Contract Amount shall be the Fixed
Price Amount of Indian Rupees One Hundred and Seventy Six Cr. Ninety
Lakhs Sixteen Thousand Nine Hundred and Sixty Eight only (INR
1,76,90,16,968.00/- only) inclusive of all taxes, duties and the like except VAT
and Service Tax.
• Fixed Price Contract: The Accepted Contract Amount is for a Fixed Price
Contract which will be re-measured based on the method of measurement
included within the tender documents and priced at contract rates.
• Contract Commencement and Completion:
Phase 1 :
Commencement Date: 22nd May 2008.
Completion Date : 21st December 2010.
Phase 2 :
Commencement Date: 22nd July 2008.
Completion Date : 21st January 2011.
• Delay Damages: Should the company fail to complete the works by the
Contract Completion date or any extended completion date, the Employer shall be
entitled to recover from the company liquidated and ascertained damages as
follows:
Phase 1 and 2: 0.5% per week of Accepted Contract Amount subject to a
maximum of 10% of Accepted Contract Amount.
• Performance Security: The value of the performance security for the works
shall be 10% of the Accepted Contract Amount. Failure to do this will result
in the client deducting the amount equivalent to the value of the security from the
progress payments payable to the company.

• Coordination with the Employers’ Direct Contractors: The company

shall allow access, interface, programme and organise the work and liaise closely
with all contractors, that are directly engaged by the employer and afford
whatever assistance, attendances and access that may be necessary to ensure the
 satisfactory and timely sequencing and completion of the works on site, control
measures and planning, sequencing shall be provided.

• Programme: Within 2 weeks from the date of issue of the Letter of Award, the
company has to furnish a detailed programme and organization chart for the
Engineers’ approach and for use as tools for monitoring your work progress.

• Site: The Company should be responsible for maintaining and protection of all
the areas within the boundary of the site, including but not limited to
environmental Protection measures, anti mosquitoes breeding etc.

• Free Supply Item on Reinforcement Steel by Employers:

(a) Build up rate for Installation of Reinforced Steel of Rs. 6970/ ton in the
Contract shall include addition to cost of materials.
(b) The percentage of wastage to be allowed against the measured net quantity
shall be 3%.
• Interfacing Works: The Company is responsible for all interfacing works
related to the company’s scope of works with the following parties:
(a) Direct Contractors.
(b) Neighbours
(c) Authorities.
• Sub Letting: The Company shall not sub let whole or any portion of the works,
without prior approval of the Engineer.
• Defects Notification/ Liability Period: The Defects Notification Period
shall be 18 months which shall include the rectification of the defective works
arising from the handing over of works to the engineer (employer).

Quality Control
Introduction:
Testing the quality of building material is very necessary at the site before it is ready to be
used as a construction material. The material which is used on site suffers from many
different environmental conditions (moisture conditions and temperature conditions) then
the material tested in the laboratory as compared to the control conditions of laboratory.
The material available near the site for example the water has to be tested for its
construction requirements as it may affect the quality of construction. The water used
must not have high chlorine content.

Since the moisture content of sand varies continuously depending upon different weather
conditions so its moisture content has to be check regularly and necessary correction has
to be implanted and proper quantity of sand and aggregate can be used to achieve the
desired standard of strength.

Admixtures are substances used in small quantity to increase the workability of the
concrete for the given water cement ratio without affecting the strength of the concrete.
Admixtures used at the site are Sikament170PL4.

Water proofing of walls and floors are necessary to prevent them from dampness and
destruction of steel in reinforcement due to rusting and to prevent subsequent leakages
and even in worst cases failure of complete structure.

According to the material available at the site before starting of the construction proper
mix design is done and is estimated that what moisture content will amount to what
strength in concrete and a regular check is made by testing the concrete while
construction and proper correction is made if necessary.

Fundamentals of Quality Controls:

• Water proofing of walls and floors are done by layering the walls and floors by
water proofing compound DR. FIXIT PIDECRETE MPB in 1:1 ratio by cement
of thickness about 1 mm.

• The steel used for construction purpose is Fe 500 TMT (Thermo-Mechanically

Treated) bars.

• The grade of concrete used for construction purpose varies from M-25 to M-40
grade concrete.

• Flakiness and elongation index of aggregate should be below 35%.

• Aggregate are tested for their strength by aggregate crushing and aggregate
impact test on site. Maximum size of aggregate used at site is 20 mm and
minimum is 10 mm. The test are made according to IS – 2386 Part (I-VIII).

• Cubes are casted and check for their strength by checking their 7 days and 20
days compressive strength.

• Non-destructive tests (like ultrasonic test etc.) are done on concrete if the concrete
fails to achieve the desired strength after 28 days to determine the cause of such
weak strength (due to honey-bee structure, etc.)
 • Admixture used is 0.6% by weight of cement.

Quality Control at Site:

Quality of the various materials utilized in the field is tested at the site itself. A
separate room for the testing of the various materials has been provided at the site office.
A cube testing machine, a hot-air oven and a sieve shaker is present in the quality control
room. At present only the cube test and the slump test are being conducted, as no other
material except for concrete is being used at the site. Though the cube test is not of much
significance here, it is being conducted at the site to assure the quality of the mix. Since
the concrete is being supplied by the company the cube test of the concrete becomes all
the more significant. Usually 6 cubes are tested when light concreting is being carried out
and a minimum of 12 cubes are tested when heavy concreting is being carried out. The
samples of concrete are randomly taken from the trucks that bring in the ready mix
concrete. The number of cubes that are tested depends upon the client also. The cube test
is usually conducted in the presence of the client. The slump test is conducted in the field
itself. It is carried out to determine the workability of the mix. The acceptability limits of
the slump of the concrete is slightly increased after taking into consideration the weather
conditions prevalent in the region i.e. hot and humid weather conditions. The various
other tests will be conducted once the brickwork, plastering, etc. starts. Bricks, sand, etc.
will not be supplied by the client hence the testing of these materials becomes a necessity
as the usage of low of the failure will have to be borne by the company. Quality materials
may lead to failure and the whole responsibility. The bricks will be tested using the hot-
air oven. The sieve analysis will be conducted to test the quality of the sand that is being
used. The quality of cement that is being used is determined by finding the initial setting
time and the final setting time of the cement.

Tests Conducted on Soil:

• Sand Replacement Method.
• Core Cutter Method.
• Proctor Test.
• Vicat’s apparatus Test.
• Pycnometer Test.

Test on Aggregate:
• Sieve analyses.
• Flakiness and elongation test.
• Aggregate Impact test.
• Aggregate Crushing test.

Test on Concrete:
• Compressive strength test.
Field Quality Control:
IS/ Job
Sl. Tests to Test conducted
Material Specification Frequency
No. be conducted By
Ref. No.

a. Total IS 2386
deleterious Twice per source Approved Lab
material content Part II

To be done every day before

IS 2386
b. Silt clay start of work for 1st 7 days. Simplex Field
content Later 1 test in every 100 m3 Lab
Part II
Fine of sand.
1.
Aggregate
IS 2386 1 testing daily for 1st 7 days.
c. Particle size Simplex Field
Later 1 every 100 m3 of
distribution Lab
Part I/ IS 383 sand/ change of source if any

1 per 100 m3 except during

IS 2386 Part
d. Moisture monsoon when it has to be Simplex Field
II/ IS 456/ IS
content done every day before start Lab
383
of work.
 1 testing daily for 1st 7 days.
a. Particle size IS 2386I/ IS Later 1 every 100 m3 of Simplex Field
distribution 383 stone aggregate/ change of Lab
source if any

b. Percentage of IS 2386 Simplex Field

soft deleterious Twice per source
Lab
material Part III

1 per 100 m3 except during

IS 2386 Part
c. Moisture monsoon when it has to be Simplex Field
II/ IS 456/ IS
content done every day before start Lab
2. 383
Coarse of work.
Aggregate
IS 2386
d. Flakiness Once initially and then Simplex Field
Index change with source. Lab
Part I

IS 2386
e. Elongation Once initially and then Simplex Field
Index change with source. Lab
Part I

IS 2386 Once initially and then once Simplex Field

f. Impact Value
every month. Lab
Part IV

IS 2386
g. Los Angeles Once initially and then once Simplex Field
Abrasion value every month. Lab
Part IV

IS 2386 Once initially and then once

h. Soundness Approved Lab
every month.
Part V

i. Alkali IS 2386 Once initially and then once Simplex Field

Aggregate
every month. lab
Reactivity Part VII

a. Chemical & Water from each source to

Physical IS 3025 be tested before start of work Approved Lab
Properties and then every 6 months.
3. Water
Once initially thereafter Simplex Field
b. pH value IS 456
every month. Lab
 IS 4031
a. Initial & Final Every 3000 bags and at least Simplex Field
setting time once monthly. Lab
Part V

IS 4031
b. Compressive Every 3000 bags and at least Simplex Field
strength once monthly. Lab
Part VI
4. Cement
a. Each lot a. Manufacturer
c. Chemical IS 4032/ IS Test Certificate
Analysis 4031 Part II b. Once for every type of
cement b. Approved Lab

d. Fineness & Simplex Field

IS 4031 Each lot
Soundness Lab

a. Manufacturer
All tests as per a. Lot wise Test Certificate
5. Admixture IS 9103
IS 9103 b. Once per source b. Approved
Lab

All tests as per 1 set of 6 cubes per 28 m3 or Simplex Field

6. Concrete IS 516-1959
IS 516-1959 part thereof concrete poured Lab

Case Study and Suggestions

Wastage of dowel bars:
• Case: These are to be provided as reinforcement for the supporting walls for the
LIFT (ELEVATOR). But the LIFT that has to be incorporated, its design is not yet
finalized. The dowel bars are long enough to provide reinforcement for any size
of the wall, but it will be used only as per the requirement when the design will be
finalized and the remaining part will be removed as a waste, or might be removed
completely moreover it is getting corroded, as left like that since long.
 • Suggestion: The design of the LIFT must have been made prior to the
construction work, so that the wastage of the bars would have been checked. And
if on a whole the full site is considered, this wastage can be a big bother.

Unused Passenger Hoist:

• Case: A Passenger Hoist is installed in front of a Block for lifting man, small
and light weighed materials/tools/etc, is very costly and something more than the
required one. Operation of this lift a very expensive, because power requirement
is too high than tradition of this segment. Presently at the site, there is no means to
provide such expensive equipments.

• Suggestion: If the cost of the generator was unaffordable, then such an

expensive lift should not have been bought. Now, it can be shifted to any other
project of the company where it can be used efficiently.

Unused Spare Area:

• Case: A considerable space is left beside flats of Block-1 and similar blocks as
spare area, while the same is not the case with the other blocks. This space is of
no use as in particular.

• Suggestion: This would be taken as an architectural imperfection

as of which can be included in the boundary area of the flat,
which thereby would have increased the carpet area of the flat.
Facilities Provided to the Workers:
• Case: For any type of manual work to be carried out effectively and efficiently
the most important factor is ‘Mental strength’. Human mind become monotonous
and tedious doing a same work repeatedly and thus the efficiency decreases. This
definitely increases the tenure for completion of the project.

• Suggestion: When dealing in lakhs and crores, what a few thousands of rupees
will matter, which if invested in fact will be a blessing in disguise. What could
have been done is, a film projector can be provided which is not very costly, on
which the workers during night time can see movies/films and get freshen up.
This can be very beneficial for many aspects. Their efficiency will grow and the
company will be benefited. Moreover, with such a small facility, the company will
be praised by their workers.

Quality Control Lab:

• Case: Quality control at site is provided in order to maintain a desired degree of
quality of construction material together with the protection of environment. It
includes the quality of steel used, cement, bricks, aggregate, etc. which provides
stability to any structure. A quality control lab should have a garden in front of it,
which encourages and shows that the construction being done at site is
environmental friendly and creates a good working environment.
 There are certain tests that demand to be conducted in a control temperature. So
the quality control must have a certain temperature-controlling device so that the
tests are conducted in a proper manner.

• Suggestion: There should be a garden in front of the lab and temperature-

controlling device.

Public transport accessibility and transportation route:

• Case: The mode of transport and the way of transport to the construction site
should be quick and easiest so that the work can be started at the earliest without
delays and is comfortable to the engineers and working people and they remain
fresh and effective after coming at site.

The bus takes the engineers and workers from a place name ‘Chingrihatta’. From
this place there are two possible routes to reach the site, the one is by the by-pass
(short-route) and the other is a normal long route. The bus takes from the long
route, as just after the flyover there is a sharp turn and the road is muddy over
there, which increases the chances of toppling of bus. This causes an additional 20
minutes more to reach the construction site that’s means the work could have
started 20 minutes earlier besides this it causes a large inconvenience as there is a
single bus running to the site and almost 50% people goes standing in bus.

• Suggestion: Since the construction is a long-term work the company can repair
the shortest route so that the working people can reach by spending less time in
bus moreover it will add to the company economy by saving the cost to petrol
consumption and attract the buyers by the mode of infrastructure to reach the
place. Also by increasing the number of vehicles company can provide comfort to
its workers so that their mind gives more productivity.

Water logging problem surrounding the batching plant:

• Case: It is always necessary to create a proper concrete base near the batching
plant so that the ingredients of concrete can be collected over that concrete base in
a proper quantity; a concrete base helps in providing a platform to these materials
and helps in proper utilization (less wastage) of the material.
 At site although a concrete base was prepared but it was not proper, the nearby
dirty sand come into the way of backhoe which get mixed up in the material and
is carried up by the batching plant which led to the side depression during rainy
season. This depression has creates the water logging problem at the backside of
the batching plant and causes difficulty in movement of backhoe. Now every time
whenever there is a rain water gets collects over there and a pump is used to
remove the water which adds to the cost of construction project and also use of an
extra manpower which could have been used at some other work.

• Suggestion: The broken bricks, sand gravels and even the waste material
generated during pile caps can fill up the place where the depression has been
created.

Protection of reinforcement from corrosion

• Case: Steel is the heart of any R.C.C. building. It is the most important, costlier,
and is very prone to rusting and hence proper care of steel is very necessary. A
proper isolated place should be there to keep the steel where there is no moisture,
also only the required quantity of steel should be present on site so that its
managing could be done in a proper way. There were two major problems at site:
Firstly, the steel was placed randomly at site in an open atmosphere that caused
rusting of steel. Secondly, since phase 2 constructions have been stopped. The
dowel bars that were protruded from columns are getting corroded in the open
atmosphere. If such condition persists further then the strength of steel will be
reduced to great strength and it couldn’t be used for further extension of building.
• Suggestion: There should be a proper isolated structure free from moisture for
the steel. The dowel bars should be coated with the anticorrosive material to
prevent the steel from being corroded further. The basement which has been
prepared can be used a storage space for steel.