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Ionic Bonds - between metal and non-metal - group 1, 2, and 13 will release their electron to achieve the stable duplet or octet electron arrangement. - A +ve ion formed when an atom released electrons - Non-metal from group 15, 16, 17 will accept electron to achieve the stable octet electron. - A ve ion is formed when an atom receives electrons. - The +ve ion and ve ion are attracted to each other by strong electrostatic force of attraction in ionic bond. - The total charge must be same in an ionic compound.

NaCl:

Covalent Bonds - between atoms of non-metals. - Non-metal atoms share valence electron to achieve the stable duplet or octet electron arrangement in covalent compound. - Three types of covalent bond; single, double and triple bond.

H2

O2

Property Melting and Boiling point Volatility Solubility

Ionic Compound High Non-volatile Soluble in water Insoluble in organic solvent

Covalent Compound Low Very volatile Soluble in organic solvent - Insoluble in water Does not not conduct elctrcity in any state. -

N2

Electrical conductivity

Conduct electricity in liquid & aqueus solution.

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The information shows the chemical symbols which represent elements W, X, Y and Z.
Maklumat menunjukkan simbol kimia yang mewakili unsurunsur W, X, Y dan Z. Atoms of X and Z can also react to form a compound. Atom X dan atom Z juga boleh bertindak balas untuk membentuk satu sebatian. (i) Write the chemical formula for the compound. Tuliskan formula kimia bagi sebatian itu. .......................................................................................... [1 mark

27 13

35 17

12

23 11

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(ii)

Draw the electron arrangement for the compound formed. Lukiskan susunan elektron bagi sebatian yang terbentuk.

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Diagram 7 shows the chemical symbols which represent three elements X, Y and Z These letters are not the actual symbols of the elements. 23 35 12

X
11 17 Diagram 7 (a) What is meant by: i) ii) marks] (b) Ionic compound Covalent compound

Y
6

[2 Explain the formation of the bond that is formed between i) ii) marks] (c) The melting point of magnesium oxide is much higher than methylbenzene. Explain why. [6 marks] element X and element Y. element Y and element Z. [12

Figure 8 shows the electron arrangement for atoms P, Q and R. Rajah 8 menunjukkan susunan elektron bagi atom-atom P, Q dan R.

(a)

Based on figure 8, answer the following questions: Berdasarkan rajah 8, jawab soalan-soalan berikut: (i) State the location of atom R in the Periodic Table of Elements. Nyatakan kedudukan atom R dalam Jadual Berkala Unsur. (ii) Explain how you determine the group and the period of atom R. Terangkan bagaimana anda menentukan kumpulan dan kala bagi atom R. [5 marks]

(b)

Atoms P and Q can form chemical bonds with atom R. Atom P dan Q boleh membentuk ikatan kimia dengan atom R. State the type of chemical bond and explain how the bond is formed between: Nyatakan jenis ikatan kimia dan terangkan bagaimana ikatan terbentuk antara: (i) Atoms P and R (ii) Atoms Q and R [11 marks]

(c)

State one physical property of the compound formed in (b) (i) and the compound formed in (b) (ii). Explain the differences in the physical property stated. Nyatakan satu sifat fizik bagi sebatian yang terbentuk di (b)(i) dan bagi sebatian yang terbentuk di (b)(ii). Terangkan perbezaan bagi sifat fizik yang dinyatakan. [4 marks]