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1. Frontal region superiorly: coronal suture inferiorly: supraorbital margin and temporal line of frontal bone 2. Temporal region superiorly: superior temporal line of parietal bone inferiorly: zygomatic arch 3. Infraorbital region superiorly: infraorbital margin inferiorly: base of mandible medially: nasolabial groove laterally: anterior edge of masseter muscle 4. Parotideo-masseteric region superiorly: zygomatic arch inferiorly: base of mandible medially: anterior edge of masseter muscle laterally: vertical line anterior to ear includes: retromandibular fossa (parotid nest) superiorly: zygomatic arch inferiorly: posterior belly of digastric muscle posteriorly: mastoid process and SCM medially: styloid process and stylo-muscles anteriorly: masseter and medial pterygoid muscles 5. Infratemporal region (fossa) externally: communicates with deep part of parotideo-masseteric region superiorly: communicates with temporal region above zygomatic arch medially: communicates with pterygopalatine fossa (see below) posteriorly: communicates with retropharyngeal space (see below) 6. Pterygopalatine fossa medially: perpendicular plate of palatine bone anteriorly: infratemporal surface of maxilla posteriorly: maxillary surface of greater wing and pterygoid process of sphenoid bone laterally: pterygomaxillary fissure
Omo-trapezoid triangle:
Omo-clavicular triangle:
6. Scalenotracheal fossa Between anterior scalene muscle and trachea; covered SCM
7. Nuchal region superiorly: horizontal line connecting external occipital protuberance to mastoid processes inferiorly: horizontal line connecting spinous process of C7 to acromion laterally: vertical line connecting acromion to mastoid process Includes: suboccipital triangle inferiorly: obliquus capitis inferior (OCI) muscle superiorly: obliquus capitis superior (OCS) muscle medially: rectus capitis posterior major (RCPM) muscle 8. Retropharyngeal space anteriorly: pharyngeal wall posteriorly: deep cervical fascia, prevertebral layer superiorly: external cranial base inferiorly: communicates with posterior mediastinum in thorax laterally: connective tissue around carotid sheath; stylopharyngeus muscle; continuous with parapharyngeal space (see below) 9. Parapharyngeal space medially: pharyngeal wall posteriorly: styloid process and stylo-muscles (styloglossus, stylohyoid and stylopharyngeus muscles) anteriorly: buccal fat pad (of Bichat) inferiorly: leads into connective tissue space of submandibular triangle between medial pterygoid muscle and parotid nest