7 THINGS YOU DON'T KNOW ABOUT A SPECIAL NEEDS PARENT 1. I am tired. Parenting is already an exhausting endeavor.

But parenting a special needs child takes things to another level of fatigue. Even if I've gotten a good night's sleep, or have had some time off, there is a level of emotional and physical tiredness that is always there, that simply comes from the weight of tending to those needs. Hospital and doctors' visits are not just a few times a year, they may be a few times a month. Therapies may be daily. Paperwork and bills stack up, spare time is spent researching new treatments, positioning him to sit a certain way, advocating for him in the medical and educational system. This is not to mention the emotional toll of raising a special needs child, since the peaks and valleys seem so much more extreme for us. I am always appreciative of any amount of grace or help from friends to make my life easier, no matter how small, from arranging plans around my schedule and location, to watching my son while I am eating. 2. I am jealous. It's a hard one for me to come out and say, but it's true. When I see a 1-year-old baby do what my son can't at 4 years-old (like walk), I feel a pang of jealousy. It hurts when I see my son struggling so hard to learn to do something that comes naturally to a typical kid, like chewing or pointing. It can be hard to hear about the accomplishments of my friend's kids. Sometimes, I just mourn inside for Jacob, "It's not fair." Weirdly enough, I can even feel jealous of other special needs kids who seem to have an easier time than Jacob, or who have certain disorders like Downs, or autism, which are more mainstream and understood by the public, and seem to offer more support and resources than Jacob's rare condition. It sounds petty, and it doesn't diminish all my joy and pride in my son's accomplishments. But often it's very hard for me to be around typical kids with him. Which leads me to the next point... 3. I feel alone. It's lonely parenting a special needs child. I can feel like an outsider around moms of typical kids. While I want to be happy for them, I feel terrible hearing them brag about how their 2-year-old has 100 words, or already knows their ABCs (or hey, even poops in the potty). Good for them, but it's so not what my world looks like (check out Shut Up About Your Perfect Kid). It's been a sanity saver to connect with other special needs moms, with whom it's not uncomfortable or shocking to swap stories about medications, feeding tubes, communication devices and therapies. Even within this community, though, there is such variation in how every child is affected. Only I understand Jacob's unique makeup and challenges. With this honor of caring for him comes the solitude of the role. I often feel really lonely in raising him. 4. I am scared. I worry that I'm not doing enough. What if I missed a treatment or a diagnosis and that window of optimal time to treat it has passed? I worry about Jacob's future, whether he will ever drive a car, or get married, or live independently. I am scared thinking of the hurts he will experience being "different" in what's often a harsh world (not to mention that I fear for the physical safety of the person who inflicts any hurt upon my son). I am scared about finances. Finally, I fear what will happen to Jacob if anything were to happen to me. In spite of this, my fears have subsided greatly over the years because of my faith, and because of exposure to other kids, teenagers, and adults affected with Jacob's disorder. When I met some of these amazing people at a conference last year, the sadness and despair that I was projecting onto Jacob's future life (because it was so unknown) melted away when I saw the love and thriving that was a reality in their lives. The fear of emotional pain (for both me and Jacob) is probably the one that remains the most. 5. I wish you would stop saying, "retarded," "short bus," "as long as it's healthy... " I know people usually don't mean to be rude by these comments, and I probably made them myself before Jacob. But now whenever I hear them, I feel a pang of hurt. Please stop saying these things. It's disrespectful and hurtful to those who love and raise the kids you're mocking (not to mention the kids themselves). As for the last comment, "as long as it's healthy," I hear a lot of pregnant women say this. Don't get me wrong, I understand and share their wishes for healthy babies in every birth, but it's become such a thoughtless mantra during

pregnancy that it can feel like a wish against what my son is. "And what if it's not healthy?" I want to ask. (My response: you will be OK. You and your child will still have a great, great life.) 6. I am human. I have been challenged and pushed beyond my limits in raising my son. I've grown tremendously as a person, and developed a soft heart and empathy for others in a way I never would have without him. But I'm just like the next mom in some ways. Sometimes I get cranky, my son irritates me, and sometimes I just want to flee to the spa or go shopping (and, um, I often do). I still have dreams and aspirations of my own. I travel, dance, am working on a novel, love good food, talk about dating. I watch Mad Men, and like a good cashmere sweater. Sometimes it's nice to escape and talk about all these other things. And if it seems that the rest of my life is all I talk about sometimes, it's because it can be hard to talk about my son. Which leads me to the final point... 7. I want to talk about my son/It's hard to talk about my son. My son is the most awe-inspiring thing to happen to my life. Some days I want to shout from the top of the Empire State Building how funny and cute he is, or how he accomplished something in school (he was recently voted class president!). Sometimes, when I'm having a rough day, or have been made aware of yet another health or developmental issue, I might not say much. I don't often share with others, even close friends and family, the depths of what I go through when it comes to Jacob. But it doesn't mean that I don't want to learn how to share our life with others. One thing I always appreciate is whenever people ask me a more specific question about my son, like "How did Jacob like the zoo?" or "How's Jacob's sign language coming along?" rather than a more generalized "How's Jacob?" which can make me feel so overwhelmed that I usually just respond, "Good." Starting with the small things gives me a chance to start sharing. And if I'm not sharing, don't think that there isn't a lot going on underneath, or that I don't want to. Raising a special needs child has changed my life. I was raised in a family that valued performance and perfection above all else, and unconsciously I'd come to judge myself and others through this lens. Nothing breaks this lens more than having a sweet, innocent child who is born with impairments that make ordinary living and ordinary "performance" difficult or even impossible. It has helped me understand that true love is meeting someone (child or adult, special needs or not) exactly where he or she is -- no matter how they stack up against what "should be." Raising a special needs child shatters all the "should be. " that we idolize and build our lives around, and puts something else at the core: love and understanding. So maybe that leads me to the last thing you don't know about a special needs parent... I may have it tough, but in many ways I feel really blessed.
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Plants Grade 5
Terms
Vascular Plants Nonvascular Plants Rhizome Frond Seed Plant embryo Germination Gymnosperm Angiosperm Monocot Dicot Plant kingdom has two main groups vascular plants Three types of vascular plants -Have structures for transporting water -No seeds- ferns, horsetails and club mosses -With seeds- cone bearing; pines and spruces -With seeds- flowering; oak trees, roses and corn

Definitions
Plants that have structures for transporting water Plants that do not have well developed structures for transporting water. The underground stem of a fern The leaf of a fern A protective covering that surrounds a young plant and its stored food The early, undeveloped stage of a plant The process by which a plant embryo develops and breaks out of the seed A plant that produces uncovered seeds A plant that produces covered seeds and flowers A flowering plant with one seed leaf in its seeds A flowering plant with two seed leaves in its seeds vascular and nonvascular

chlorophyll chloroplast cones conifer cotyledon dicotyledon dormancy embryo flowers geotropism gravitropism guard cells herbaceous stem hydrotropism monocotyledon

green pigment in chloroplasts that absorbs light energy for photosynthesis structure in plant cells where photosynthesis happens used by conifers for reproduction (to produce seeds) evergreens with needle-like leaves that make cones to produce seeds stored food in a seed that become the first leaves (dicot) plant that makes seeds with two food storage areas (two seed leaves) growth and activity of a plant or seed stops due to changes in water or temperature the beginnings of roots, stems and leaves inside a seed used by some plants for reproduction (to produce seeds) the way a plant grows or moves in response to gravity (also called gravitropism) the way a plant grows or moves in response to gravity (also called geotropism) located on the underside of leaves, they open and close stomata soft, usually green stems that are not very supportive the way a plant grows or moves in response to water (monocot) plant that makes seeds with one food storage area (one seed leaf)

nonvascular plants small plants that cannot easily transport food and water through the plant phloem photosynthesis tubes in vascular plants that transport food (sugar) the process that plants use to make sugar (food) water + carbon dioxide + solar energy ->oxygen + sugar (food)

phototropism pores respiration

the way a plant grows or moves in response to light openings or holes the process plants use get energy from food by breaking down sugar in the cells oxygen + sugar (food) ->water + carbon dioxide + energy

seeds spores stomata thigmotropism transpiration tropism vascular plants woody stem xylem

made by most plants to reproduce; contain embryo, cotyledon and seed coat made by plants that do not make seeds to reproduce; much smaller than seeds (plural-stoma) openings or holes in leaves that let gases in and out the way a plant grows or moves in response to touch the process where plants lose water vapor through stomata in their leaves a plants response to a stimulus by growing or moving stems, roots or leaves plants that can transport food (sugar) and water throughout the plant strong, hard stems that can support very tall plants tubes in vascular plants that transport water and minerals

Terms Bryophytes Rhizoids Gemmae Protonema Antheridium Archegonium Vacular tissue Tracheids

Definitions are nonvascular plants including mosses and their relatives. are long thin cells that anchor mosses in the ground and absorb water and minerals from the surrounding soil. are small multicellular reproductive structures. is a mass of tangled green filaments which a moss spore grows into after it germinates. is the place where sperm with whiplike tails are produced. is the place where egg cells are produced. is specialized to conduct water and nutrients throughout the plant. are hollow plant cells in xylem tissue with thick cell walls that resist pressure. (a cell specialized to conduct water - more efficient than diffusion) is a transport subsystem that carries water upward from the roots to every part of a plant. (cells - long & specialized to move fluids throughout the body) transports solutions of nutrients and carbohydrates produced by photosynthesis. (cells - long & specialized to move fluids throughout the body) is a substance that makes cell walls rigid, enables vascular plants to grow upright and reach great heights. are underground organisms that absorb food and minerals. (center of root - water-conducting tissues) are photosynthetic organs that contain one or more bundles of vascular tissue. are where the vascular tissue in leaves is gathered into, and also are made of xylem and pholem. are supporting structures that connect roots and leaves, carrying water and nutrients between them. are creeping underground stems in ferns. are large leaves in ferns. are tiny containers located on the underside of fronds where haploid spores develop. are clusters of sporangia.

Xylem

Pholem

Lignin Roots Leaves Veins Stems Rhizomes Fronds Sporangia Sori

Phylum Bryophyta

(mosses) Generally small; multicellular plants; live on land in moist habitats; lack vascular tissue; lack true roots, leaves, and stems; gametophyte dominant; water required for reproduction. Phylum Hepatophyta

(liverworts) gametophytic generation dominant; the stalk of the sporophyte is very short and reduced in size; fertilization of the egg by sperm is dependant on the presence of water in order for the sperm to swim to the egg; the archegonia contain eggs tucked under the archegonial head; the gametangia are elevated on gametophores that look like miniature trees Phylum Anthocerophyta

hornworts; lack vascular tissue; gametophytes look like liverworts but send up a tiny moss-like sporophyte; closely related to mosses; symbiotic with 2 types of cyanobacteria that fix nitrogen Phylum Lycophyta

club mosses; possess true roots, stems, and leaves. asexual reproduction by rhizomes. sporangia occur on sporophylls clustered in strobili.

Phylum Pterophyta

Ferns. Seedless plants. Among earliest vascular plants to colonize land. Life cycle involves alternation of generation (dominant stage is the sporophyte generation). Phylum Sphenophyta

Gametophyte sporophyte spores

sporangium gametangium archegonium

horestails; have jointed stems and tiny scale like leaves at joints, spores produced in strobilus at tip of stem called, sometimes called scouring rushes due to pioneer women using them to wash dishes, common in sandy soil near water where they take in silicon dioxide the gamete-producing individual or phase in the life cycle of a plant having alternation of generations the spore-producing individual or phase in the life cycle of a plant having alternation of generations how primitive plants are dispersed, these are haploid cells that can develop directly into adult plants, they are protected by an outer layer of sporopollenin that prevents desiccation and other hazards, they are incredibly small and light, easily dispersed by wind, water, animals. these are formed by meiosis in special structures called sporangia a capsule in fungi and plants in which meiosis occurs and haploid spores develop where gametes are produced, if it produces sperm it is called the antheridium, and if it produces eggs it is called the archegonium

(plural, archegonia) In plants, the female gametangium, a moist chamber in which gametes develop.

antheridium

(plural, antheridia) In plants, the male gametangium, a moist chamber in which gametes develop. Mnium

rhizoids gemma cups

Example of mosses or the phylum bryophyta thread like structures that anchor non vascular plants to the ground (mosses and liverworts)

structures that house gemmae, tiny lens-shaped pieces of thallus that are a form of asexual reproduction in liverworts gemmae

Asexual reproductive bodies that become detached from a parent plant and grow a new plant. Formed in gemmae cups. microsporangium

a sporangium that produces spores that give rise to male gametophytes.

In Gymnosperms and Angiosperms (Flowering plants), the microsporangium produce the microsporocyte, also known as the microspore mother cell, which then creates four microspores through meiosis. The microspores divide to create pollen grains. megasporangium

homosporous

heterosporous

a sporangium where megaspores are formed, containing a diploid megasporcyte that after meiosis becomes 4 haploid megaspores that develop into female gametophytes that produce archegonia; Producing spores of one kind only that are not differentiated by sex. The spores of homosporous plants, such as horsetails and most ferns, grow into bisexual gametophytes (producing both male and female gametes). A term referring to a plant species that has two kinds of spores: microspores that develop into male gametophytes and megaspores that develop into female gametophytes.

Phylum Psilophyta

Whisk ferns, not actual ferns, but closely related. Nearly extinct. Gametophytes are tiny thread-like plants that lack chlorophyll and look like tiny fungi. Selaginella

Example of the Phylum Lycophyta, club moss with visible strobili

sori

clusters of reproductive cells on the underside of a fern frond strobili

Groups of sporophylls that form cones in many lycophytes and most gymnosperms female gametophyte

Archegonia - Haploid gamete producing phase of the life-cycle, makes eggs

ATP, Photosynthesis, and Cellular Respiration

Chemistry Carbon Dioxide Grana HO and Glucose Autotrophs Heterotrophs Chloroplast Stomata and mesophyll Chloroplast Oxygen and carbon dioxide water Grana They have chlorophyll in them. Chlorophyll Decreases Cartenoid and anthocyanin There is less sunlight and water available for photosynthesis 6CO + 6HO CH0 + 6O Sunlight Glucose Cellular respiration Adenosine Triphosphate English What serves as the carbon source for photosynthesis? Sunlight is absorbed in stacks of Granum called _____? Besides CO,____ (other raw material) is also used in photosynthesis to produce carbohydrate molecules such as the simple sugar_____. Plants can make their own food so they are called_____. Animals can not make their own food, so they are called ____. Photosynthesis occurs mainly in the ________ (organelle) of plants. Pores on the underside of leaves are called ____, while the cells in leaves that contain chlorophyll are called____ cells. The organelle in mesophyll cells that contains chlorophyll is called ____. Name two gases exchanged through the stomata of a leaf? Besides gases, ____ vapor can be lost from a leaf as a product of photosynthesis. Stacks of thylakoids are called Why are plants green? _____ and other pigments absorb wavelengths of light from 400nm to 700nm. During the fall, what happens to the amount of chlorophyll being produced by plants? ____ are another type of plant pigment that is orange, and _____ pigment is the color red. Why do leaves turn colors in the fall? Write the summary equation for photosynthesis. What si the ultimate energy for life on Earth? Plants store energy in the chemical bonds of the _____ molecules made during photosynthesis. Chemical bond energy is released from sugars during _______ . ATP stands for _______________________.

Nitrogen base, 3 phosphate, 5 carbon sugars High energy bond ADP+P ADP, P, and energy ADP Respiration 1 and 2 Electron transport chain Calvin and Carbon Dioxide No On the granum 1 and 2 H O NADPH Electron transport CO and HO CO and glucose Stoma Enzyme H O 1 ATP

Name the parts of ATP? Describe the bond attaching the last phosphate group to ATP What two molecules are produced when the last phosphate bond on ATP is broken? Name 3 things released when the last phosphate bond on ATP is broken The process of making ATP from____ and a free phosphate is called ATP/ADP cycle. Energy released from the ATP is available for cellular ________ The light reactions for photosynthesis involves which stages? 1,2, or 3 The ______ ______ ______ is a series of molecules through which excited electrons are passed along the thylakoid membrane. The third stage of photosynthesis is also called the ______ cycle or ______ _______ fixation cycle Does the Calvin cycle (stage 3) require light energy? Where do the light reactions of photosynthesis take place in a chloroplast? Water split in stage __, while NADPH is made in stage __. Oxygen made by plants comes from the splitting of ____ in stage 1. _______ is an electron carrier that provides high energy electrons needed to make carbon-hydrogen bonds in stage 3. ATP is made using the _______ ______ chain in stage 2 of photosynthesis The energy used for the Calvin cycle comes from ___ and ____ which were made during the light (stage 1&2) reaction. The gas ____ (raw material) is used in the Calvin cycle to bond with H's and make the sugar _______. When conditions are hot and dry, ______ are closed by the guard cells to prevent water loss. The Calvin cycle (stage 3) uses CO to make glucose with a series of ______- assisted reactions. What is the source of oxygen gas during photosynthesis (splitting of what molecule)? Oxygen gas is given off in Stage __ of photosynthesis. In what molecule is energy temporarily stored when food molecules are broken down in cellular respiration (only source of energy for chemical work in the cell)? What gas made during photosynthesis is used as a raw material in cellular respiration?

oxygen

Cellular respiration Food Pyruvic 4,2,2 Fermentation(anaerobic respiration) Lactic acid Aerobic-36, Anaerobic- 2 Respiration in the absence of oxygen Ethanol and Carbon Dioxide. It occurs in yeast. 17 12 and NADH Mitochondria Cytoplasm 22 Citric acid Aerobic

What is the process of breaking down food molecules to release stored energy called? What is the source of glucose during cellular respiration? During glycolysis glucose is broken down to form ______ acid. Glycolysis produces __ ATP, but because it needs __ ATP to begin the breakdown, then the net result is just __ ATP. Breaking down organic molecules without oxygen is known as what? What acid builds up in muscles during heavy exercise without enough oxygen (during anaerobic respiration)? Name the 2 types of cellular respiration. How many ATP are produced in each? What is fermentation? What are the products of alcoholic fermentation? What type of organism does this occur in? Fermentation in animals produces ___ more ATP The end result of the Krebs cycle of anaerobic respiration is __ ATPs and a molecule of ______. Kreb's cycle occurs in the ___________ (cellular organelle) Glycolysis occurs in the ____________ of the cell The electron transport chain in stage 2 of aerobic respiration produces ____ additional ATP The Krebs cycle is also known as the _____ ______ cycle. ___________ respiration is the most efficient type of respiration because it produces more ATP, 36 compared to 2.