Air pollution is the introduction of chemicals, particulate matter, or biological materials that cause harm or discomfort to humans or other

living organisms, or cause damage to the natural environment or built environment, into the atmosphere.

International Agreements on Climate Change

Montreal Protocol (1987) Kyoto Protocol (2005)

Carbon Monoxide
colorless, odorless produced when carbon does not burn in fossil fuels present in car exhaust deprives body of O2 causing headaches, fatigue, and impaired vision

Sulfur Dioxide
produced when coal and fuel oil are burned

present in power plant exhaust

narrows the airway, causing wheezing and shortness of breath, especially in those with asthma

Nitrogen Dioxide
reddish, brown gas produced when nitric oxide combines with oxygen in the atmosphere present in car exhaust and power plants affects lungs and causes wheezing; increases chance of respiratory infection

Particulate Matter
particles of different sizes and structures that are released into the atmosphere present in many sources including fossil fuels, dust, smoke, fog, etc. can build up in respiratory system aggravates heart and lung disease; increases risk of respiratory infection

Ground Level Ozone

at upper level, ozone shields Earth from suns harmful UV rays at ground level, ozone is harmful pollutants formed from car, power and chemical plant exhaust irritate respiratory system and asthma; reduces lung function by inflaming and damaging lining of lungs

These 5 together form.....

Smog Acid Rain Green House Effect Hole in Ozone Layer Indoor Air Pollution

SMOG
Combination of gases with water vapor and dust
Combination of words smoke and fog

Forms when heat and sunlight react gases (photochemical smog)

Occurs often with heavy traffic, high temperatures, and calm winds

Its effects.....
1st smog related deaths were in London in 1873; death toll 500 people; can you imagine how much worse the atmosphere is now?! Limits visibility Decreases UV radiation Yellow/black color over cities Causes respiratory problems and bronchial related deaths

Acid Rain
contains high levels of sulfuric or nitric acids contaminate drinking water and vegetation damage aquatic life erode buildings Alters the chemical equilibrium of some soils

Its Effects
Acid rain causes acidification of lakes and streams . It contributes to the damage of trees and many sensitive forest soils. It accelerates the decay of building materials and paints, including irreplaceable buildings, statues, and sculptures that are part of our nation's cultural heritage.

Greenhouse effect
It generally comes from the build up of carbon dioxide gas in the atmosphere. Carbon dioxide is produced when fuels are burned. Americas power plants are our biggest industrial polluters. Each year they pump more than two billion tons of carbon dioxide into the air. Carbon pollution is causing climate change that drives dangerous heat waves and worsening smog pollution, which causes asthma attacks and other serious respiratory illnesses. In this type of pollution sun rays go into the atmosphere and they are trapped by greenhouse-gasses. So the temperature on the earth raise.

Sources of GHGs

Hole in the ozone layer

It is another result of air pollution. Chemicals released by our activities affect the stratosphere. Release of CFC from heating, aerosol cans , rockets, refrigerator equipment's remove some of the ozone , causing HOLES .

Indoor Air Pollution

Its more dangerous than the outdoor pollution, because we do everything in enclosed environments where air circulation may be restricted. There are many sources of indoor air pollution: tobacco smoke, cooking and heating appliances, and vapors from building materials.

Sources of Outside Air Pollution

Combustion of gasoline and other hydrocarbon fuels in cars, trucks, and airplanes Burning of fossil fuels (oil, coal, and dinosaur bones) Insecticides Herbicides Everyday radioactive fallouts Dust from fertilizers Mining operations Livestock feedlots

A major form of air pollution is emissions given off by vehicles.

The number of cars in EU has doubled between 1970 and 1994 3% per year

Health Effects
Air pollutants such as ozone, nitrogen oxides, and sulfur dioxide also have harmful effects on natural ecosystems. They can kill plants and trees by destroying their leaves, and can kill animals, especially fish in highly polluted rivers

Older people are highly vulnerable to diseases induced by air pollution. Those with heart or lung disorders are under additional risk.

 Ride your bicycle

Tell your friends and family about pollution Make sure your parents get pollution checks on their cars Ride the Public Transport

 Learn more; stay up to date

Join a group to stop pollution Recycle your home waste (plastic bottles, bags) Encourage your parents to carpool to work

Switch off lights, fan, heat, etc. when you leave the room
Use Reusable things instead of Disposable

Credits
Adeel Rafiq Tayyab Ali Nouman Ashraf Awais Sadiq Shahid Amin (BSCE01103167) (BSCE01103157) (BSCE01103033) (BSCE01103016) (BSCE01103012)

Links
http://edugreen.teri.in/explore/air.htm

http://www.oneworld.net/penguin/pollution/pollution_home.ht ml
http://www.rcc.org/oem/aqindex.html

http://www.tnrcc.state.tx.us/air/monops/lessoms/mathlesson.ht ml