THE IMPROVEMENT OF REDIU RIVERBED, UPSTREAM OF THE TARGU FRUMOS CITY, IASI COUNTY

Elena Daniela ROTARU University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, 59 Mrti Blvd, District 1, 011464, Bucharest, Romania, Phone: +4021.318.25.64, Fax: + 4021.318.25.67, Email: elenadaniela.rotaru@gmail.com, Advisor Professor Augustina TRONAC University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, 59 Mrti Blvd, District 1, 011464, Bucharest, Romania, Phone: +4021.318.25.64, Fax: + 4021.318.25.67, Email: augustina.tronac@yahoo.com
Corresponding author email: elenadaniela.rotaru@gmail. Abstract The estabilshments goal is to to provide flood defense and to protect the objectives from the south side of Targu Frumos. In this article I approach the issues of the optimal choice for an ideal projection. This thing was possible by interpreting two solutions, using multi-criteria analysis. Also I analyse the aspect of the environmental impact during the execution of the work, as well as during the exploatation. After calculations, the second way of projection is considered to be the optimal, thus solving the flooding problem from the south area of the city. Key words: defence, flood, riverbed, environment.

THE ESTABILSHMENTS GOAL The estabilshments goal is to to provide flood defense and to protect the objectives from the south side of Targu Frumos. houses, greenhouses, land, rail, by increasing the transport capacity of the river for transit Rediu flood flows.

The river has a total length of 14 km and a river basin confluent zone of 42 km. Current situation is as follows:

NATURAL CONDITIONS, CURRENT SITUATION AND PROPOSED SOLUTION

2.1 The River flows from the hill Breazu, flowing through the valley The, along the road Rediu that connects Iasi city The The commune. The River is affluent of River Bahluiet and is part of a complex scheme of arrangement river basin Bahlui (river basin Prut), whose main purpose is the protection againstOfloodsOofOcityOIasi.

Fig. 1. Current situation

The current situation is as follows: Dam accumulation shows a gap of about 80 m located between the bottom and left side drain. Also there is subsidence of fillings about 70 cm. Bottom emptying (monk + box) are destroyedOinOproportionOofO90%. The branch surface (overflow + channel + sink) are destroyed 50%

On the left bank is Pascani railroad - Podu Iloaiei. Currently, the storage basin is an extensive in progress social project that includes a stadium and a natural park with playgrounds for children. As a result of the accumulation of nonpermanent shutdown in recent years have made works unsilting and calibration of bed downstream of the dam, achieving a channel width of approximately 10m based on providing sufficient transmission capacity for a transit ensuring flow of 10%. Works were carried out and unsilting downstream of the confluence with the River Bahlue. (Consitrans, 2009 )
Fig.2 Current situation

about 10 m, and the resulting material was systematized on the left bank, in the form of dikes with slopes of 1: 1 1: 1.5 and canopy cover width of about 3 m, poorly compacted. -DN28-bridge downstream to the confluence with the Bahlui river (L = 200ml), the bed has reduced transport capacity. On the left side is a defense dyke a little high, beyond the waters. Such an area is frequently flooded homes. A.RecalibratingOtheObed The technical solution adopted for this work takes into account the morphological characteristics of Rediu riverbed and geotechnical characteristics of the materials from the riverbed banks. It is proposed recalibration bed, ensuring a riverbed width of 10m based on 1:2 slopes. Material extracted from the the bed will be used for filling in the body of defense dykes.

Taking into account this accumulation is considered rehabilitation works, including unsilting basin involves high costs, low efficiency. Therefore, the proposed work area fitting Rediu riverbed in Tg. Frumos to defend against flooding will be work-damming recalibration of bed to make possible the safe transit of large waterOflows. Considering the equipment assets, works to be performed will be included in Class IV of importance, according to STAS 4273/83, for the flow calculation is according to STAS 4068/88 Q5% = 49mc / s The arrangement works Rediu stream The situation of the stream Rediu aranjament looksOasOfollows: - earth-dam upstream (L = 3000ml) is uncalibratedObed,Oundeveloped. - earth-dam downstream, to bridge DN28 (L = 350ml): bed was enlarged with a base width of

Fig. no. 1 Dyke section B.Dams defense. Are proposed defence dykes and for the existing ones, to bring the coresponding share for the class IV, plus a guard importance of 0.3-0.5 m. Defense dams are proposed and existing dams bring appropriate share class IV, plus a guard importance of 0.3-0.5 m This will ensure the transit flow to the probability of exceeding the 5% according to class designed. Considering that: right slope is steep and therefore extends and expands the area on the left bank; There is an ongoing project to bypass belt town on the right bank of the stream; During periods of high water, by overcoming the right bank, floods cause damageon a unproductive land; Considered justified realization a defence dam on the left bank . The dam will be done in extending bank will

take the canopy cover width of 3.5 m, and slopes of 1:2 slopes. To protect the dyke from the bank erosion, preventing gullyng, the wet parament will be protected with a erosion mat set at the foot of slope in a spur plainconcrete with dimension 0.4x0.8m. The parameter from the dam site will be covered with a layer 20 cm thick topsoil to be grassed. For the filling of the dam body will use material from the riverbed and in addition recalibration of the old dam front.

and the park area ( project in execution) and an additional area with an area of approximately 11ha. In this area it is possible to develop the city in complete safety in terms of flooding. Work will be done on a recalibration of bed length 1600ml. Effect is thus removed from the flood a total area of approx. 20ha. (Consitrans, 2009) BACKGROUND BY CALCULATION A.HydraulicOcalculations For the rest of the Rediu riverbed whith for we propose recalibration I realized curve remuneration calculation used 20 sectors (P1 P17 and intersections with to DN 280 DN 28) for flows with insurance 5%, 2% and 1% two variants: natural and regime arranged corresponding the current situation and the situation that will occur after the execution of the work. Has been developed calculation of study river sector to determine control flow and to determine appropriate levels of water flow calculation and spectrum free surface velocity curve. Hydraulic calculations are suported surveyings in this proiect. Hydraulic calculations were performed with HEC-RAS computer program. This program determines the water level applying uniform motion energy equation by iterative procedure called the standard step method from a cross sectionOtoOanother. Hydraulic calculation was performed assuming both natural regime, thus establishing flood flow curve by providing 5%, as well as arranged under unsilting considering the riverbed and dikes designed. Given the current configuration of the riverbed and valley and earthworks required compensation of fitting was accepted hypothesis that in some sections, water flooding the lands bordering the right bank than on a small area, but without reaching the road and houses. (Rotaru E.D., 2011) B.StabilityOcalculations For the cross section defence dike on the Rediu river , I realized stability calculations with the GeoSlope Studio program analysing methods: Spencer, Fellenius, Jambu, Morgenstern-Price and I chose values resulting Morgenstern-Price method are the lowest. (GeoStudio, 2007)

Fig. no. 2 Cross section of the recalibrated bed Undercrossing For pluvial water discharges inside dammed, the project includes execution of 3 undercrossing by dyke defence body They will take over the channel waters collected from the dyke upstream slope protection and river will download in Rediu river. Undercrossings will be placed into sections with low allowances to ensure gravity flow gutters. Undercrossings will be equip with planar gates upstream and downstream with inverted flap which is closed under the effect of water pressure increase in the river. PROPOSED WORKS ARE: Variant 1 Lenght dyke = 1040 ml. The defence dyke is closed downstream (near confluence) in the railway ambankement and upstream in higher terrance on a left bank, defending just the stadium and the park area ( project in execution) Recalibration work will be done on a bed lengthOofO850Oml. Effect is thus removed from the flood an area of approximately 9ha. VARIANT 2 Lenght dyke = 1650 ml. The defence dyke is closed downstream (near confluence) in the railway ambankement and upstream in existing discharge channel defending the the stadium

We calculated factor of stability in two ways. Stability factor Morgenstern-Price method resulted in no earthquakes version is 1.39, and version 1.13 which shows seismic slope stability design. (Chen G.K, Zhu D.Y. , Fee C.F., Qian O.H., 2007)

Fig. no. 3 Stability calculations.

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT Environmental impact has three branches: impact on water, soil and air. During the execution of the objective the possible sources of water pollution are: site traffic, site organization: excavation, handling and placing of the soil and the construction materials, leveling and ditch cleaning and other work specific construction. Possible sources of water pollution are oil and fuels that may leak from vehicles or machinery involved in the execution of construction works. After execution, the problem of water pollution is minor because there are no processes wich can be occurred.

Work carried out in the period of execution of the objective may have a notable impact on air quality, in work areas and adjacent areas. The execution of the work regularization of rivers are, on the one hand, a source of dust emissions, and on the other hand, a source of pollutant emissions source, specific combustion of fossil fuels (petroleum distillates) both in engines equipment needed to perform this work and the means of transport. Dust emissions that occur during the execution of the construction are associated with the excavation, handling and placing in soil and construction materials for leveling and ditch cleaning and other specific construction works. Release of dust into the atmosphere may vary substantially from day to day depending of the activity, the specific of operations and weather conditions. The work involves a number of different tasks, each one with its own duration and potential dust generation. In other words, that for creating a construction the emissions are well defined period of existence (period of execution), but can differ substantially in intensity, nature and localisation from a phase to another of the building process. The proposed objective for execution show no impact on air. There is a minor potential for soil pollution by performing the regularization. The impact on soil is produced by excavation, handling and placing the soil and construction materials, leveling and ditch cleaning and other specific construction works. Another way of soil pollution would be fuel or oil leaks from equipment used during construction. The project is about regularization work and there is no risk for soil Accidental pollution during execution can occur during accidents, oil leaks (fuel, oil) that can cause degradation of the soil, the watercourses, groundwater and vegetation. The risk of accidental pollution during execution is higher than during operation because site specific traffic (big cars, loaded with construction materials or fuel). To decrease this risk, the site will be suitably marked and will be established roads that transport equipment and machines will run. In conclusion, the work designed does not have adverse effects soil, air, surface water

microclimate, vegetation, wildlife, and landscape. In principle the regularization works and flood defense have a positive impact on theenvironment. Regarding the negative impact on the environment, the most influence occurs during executionOofOworks. During exploitation the negative environmental impact of work decreases and tends to a normal situation that increases positive weight to negative influences. The proposed works do not generate waste and require no materials leading to environmental pollution. The project analyzes constructive solutions which harmoniously frames with the landscape, being used mostly natural materials. Defense embankments slopes unprotected by defensive works will be grassed. Upon completion of the work, the contractor will dismantle buildings and facilities for the organization of their site. On this occasion the arrangements will be needed to playback the previous use of the land on which objects were site organization. It will remove all their effects and potential sources of pollution of land (production bases, repair shops and maintenance equipment, fuel depots). On the occasion of the dissolution of the site, the Contractor shall also ensure site cleaning from the land requirement site organization. (Consitrans, 2009) MULTICRITERIA ANALYSIS Multicriteria analysis method allows comparing multiple versions of a project solutions, based on criteria relevant and representative to that project. The purpose of the method consists in selecting and recommending alternative which complies as possible rigorous and complete requirements. For multi-criteria analysis for the optimal choice of regularization workscan be consider the following criteria and sub-criteria: a) C1 - economic criteria: - C1.1 - cost of investment and operation and maintenance costs updated for a period of 20 years; - C1.2 - the cost of damage caused by erosion,

collapse of banks, flooding (affecting households, land, crops etc.). - C1.3 - related costs: lower revenues from tourism, sport, recreation b) C2 - Social criteria: - C2.1 - aesthetic landscape; - C2.2 - Protection of riparian waters; - C2.3 - recreation, tourism, sport, - C2.4-impaired population in the area (restricted, circulation, stress, including the execution of works); - C2.4 - quality of water used by riparian c) C3 - ecological criteria: - C3.1 - overall impact index due to spatial solutions, IGSA; - C3.2 - index overall impact due to constructive solutions, IGSC; - C3.3 - degree of impairment of ecosystems, namely preservation, conservation, transformation, destruction; d) C4 - compliance criteria restrictions: - C4.1 - compliance with urban river basin and river basin management plan; - C4.2 - approved areas "accepted" as the flood waters; - C4.3 - affecting protected areas - C4.4 - public services affecting water supply, sewage, landfills. Criteria and sub-criteria chosen are those for which the expected spatial differences between variants considered. For multi-criteria analysis of the optimal choice for the regularization of Rediu stream, it considers the following criteria and subcriteria: a) C1 - economic criteria: - C1.1 - cost of investment and operation and maintenance costs updated for a period of 20 years; - C1.2 - the cost of damage caused by erosion, collapse of banks, flooding (affecting households, land, crops etc.) For a period of 20 years; b) C2 - Social criteria: - C2.1 - aesthetic landscape; - C2.2 - areas removed from the effect of flooding; c) C3 - ecological criteria: - C3.3 - degree of impairment of ecosystems, namely preservation, conservation, transformation, destruction; d) C4 - compliance criteria restrictions:

- C4.1 - compliance with urban river basin and river basin management plan. Taking into account three types of calculation: VARIANT 1 Long dam defense = 1040ml. unsilting and reshaping riverbed wors L = 850 ml. Effect is thus removed from the flood an area about 9ha. VARIANT 2 Long dam defense = 1650ml. unsilting and reshaping riverbed wors L = 1600ml. Effect is thus removed from the flood a total area of approx. 20ha. VARIANT 3 = option 0 - no work. The results of the 3 different scores obtained are presented in the following table:

According to the above table, suitable for multi-criteria analysis (by weight criteria) the variant that has obtained the highest weighted scoreOisOversionO2. Variant 3 (variant "zero" - no investment) can not be taken into account because, although ecologically is the most advantageous economic and social factors are severely affected. So by floods that occur, if they do not perform anyplanning work on the stream Rediu, a number of households are directly affected.

The damages justifies realization of regularization works and flood protection. Option 2 is the most advantageous socially and environmentally. From the economic perspective, the investment needed to carry out the works in version 2 is higher than in option 1, but the increase is not directly proportional to the surface removed from the flood effect. (At a 30% increase of the investment, the protected area is increased with 100%). This means that from a social perspective, the city will have secured an area of land (owned by municipality) that can expand public building objectives. Variant 2, although ecologically, has some disadvantages, especially in the execution of works riverbed, thus directly affecting the ecosystem of the area, is recommended for implementation. Analysis method multicriteria decision clearly shows that exclusive consideration of the investment cost criterion is disadvantageous to all general and local requirements and interests. It follows from the above that the project in Variant 2 most responsive requirements imposed by multi-criteria analysis and has the least impact on the environment. (Rotaru E.D., 2011) CONCLUSIONS Fitting Rediu riverbed upstream of Tg. Beautiful, Iasi county for defense against floods in the south of the objectives of Tg. Beautiful by increasing the transport capacity of the river for transit Rediu flood flows, after studying design alternatives, we chose as the best option variant 2 involving defense breakwater length = 1650ml. The defense dam closes, downstream, and upstream of the railway embankment in the existing discharge channel, defending the park and stadium but also an additional area with a surface of approx. 11 hectares. In this area it is possible to develop the city in complete safety from the point of view of the defense against flooding. Work will be done on a recalibration of bed length 1600ml. Effect is removed from the flood a total area of approx. 20 ha.

The proposed works will be carried out with minimum employment of private land. Riparian residents on whose property is to run defense works are directly interested in their achievement, being the first to suffer when floods. REFERENCES
Consitrans , 2009. Feasibility Study The improvement of Rediu riverbed, upstream of the , Targu frumos city, Iasi County, p 3-28. Daniela Elena Rotaru, Project license - The improvement of Rediu riverbed, upstream of the , Targu frumos city, Iasi County, p 46-70. Chen G.K, Zhu D.Y. , Fee C.F., Qian O.H., 2007. Concis calculation algorithm safety factor using the method Morgenstern price - Canadian Geotechnical Journal GeoStudio, 2007. Product details Slope / W software for calculating the safety factor for soil and rocks.