You are on page 1of 6

CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY This chapter discusses the research methodology to be employed into this study.

This includes the research design, the sources of data, research instrumentation, and how the data will be collected and the analysis thereof.

Research Design Various researchers mentioned that the research method that looks with intense accuracy at the phenomena of the moment and then describes precisely that the researchers sees is called descriptive survey or normative survey. According to Blur (2009) descriptive or normative survey seeks together performance or knowledge, data on a large sample from population and to present the results in the form of comparative standards or norms (http://www.blurtit.com/q3421684.html). The researchers will employ quantitative research design in this study. Descriptive is of fact finding nature with adequate interpretation, recording, and analysis of the condition that exists. It involves some type of comparison and contrasts and attempts to discover the relationship between the existing and non-manipulative variables. It will then describe the prenatal practices of Muslim women Barangay Bonuan Binloc, Bonuan Tondaligan, Rivera, and Nueva. In addition, Polit and Beck (2004) presented a more contemporary purpose of this specific research design. The connoted that quantitative research is a study which determines and reports the way things were and measures what already exists.

Sources of Data The study on prenatal practices of Muslim women in Dagupan City will be conducted in Barangay Bonuan Binloc, Bonuan Tondaligan, Rivera, and Nueva. Sources of data or respondents were taken from the Dagupan City Health Office with the permission of the City Health Officer. The researchers obtained the target list of Muslim pregnant women (Appendix E). Through purposive sampling, respondents were selected and will be controlled since the four (4) barangays mentioned are those communities with Muslim population. Purposive sampling otherwise claimed as case-based sample as coined by Taylor (2006), is a non-probability sampling technique wherein typical case samples are specifically chosen by the researchers. That is, the researchers select cases that are thought to best represent the phenomenon under the study in the population. According to Taylor (2006), the validity of this type of sample rests on the ability of the researchers to select typical cases, whereas in this study, Muslim pregnant respondents were specifically chosen as the study necessitates the determination of their prenatal practices. Based on the researchers judicious efforts of identifying the number of respondents to address this study, it was noted that there are twenty seven (27) Muslim pregnant women along the four locales. Instrumentation and Data Collection The researchers obtained a consent letter signed by the research adviser and the Dean and it sought to the permission of the City Health Officer to gain an access with the records of Muslim pregnant women in Dagupan City The identified respondents are the twenty seven (27) Muslim pregnant women of barangay Bonuan Tondaligan, Bonuan Binloc, Rivera, and Nueva.

Research instrument (Appendix C) for this study was developed by the researchers based on the recommended prenatal practices women should receive during the duration of her pregnancy. It consists of three (3) parts namely: the profile of the respondents, the religious and cultural beliefs and practices of Muslim pregnant women, their prenatal practices, and the extent of prenatal practices among Muslim women. The data on the profile (Part I) of the respondents include age, civil status, highest level of education, occupation, monthly family income, languages spoken, and dialects spoken. Part II of the questionnaire contains the religious and cultural beliefs and practices of Muslim pregnant women during prenatal stage. The third part is composed of the prenatal practices of Muslim pregnant women which include frequency of visits or check-ups, routine testing, immunization status, hygiene, and health promotion activities. This further includes the extent of prenatal practices of the respondents. The questionnaire will be shown to three (3) nursing professors handling Maternal Health nursing concepts. This will be done in order to validate the contents of the instrument. Suggestions or recommendations to improve the outcome of the questionnaire will be taken into consideration. More so, the validation will be one to improve each item in the questionnaire and t thresh out vague statements. Upon the return of the instrument, appropriate changes will be incorporated into the final form. As soon as the questionnaire is approved by the research panel, data gathering will commence immediately. A letter of request (Appendix B) with its approval will be solicited from the different barangay captains to secure the researchers entry on the locale premises.

The data collection will be done every Fridays of the week. The researchers will visit every household where the selected pregnant respondents reside with the aid of an Imam or otherwise known as the focal person for every Muslim community. Prior to the administration of the questionnaire, the researchers will explain in details the objectives of the study and the proper way of answering honestly every item in the research tool. All questionnaires will be retrieved immediately. Tools for Data Analysis The data which will be collected will be systematically tabulated to give meaning to the raw data obtained by the researchers. The quantified data will be translated into descriptive statistical values, such as frequency counts, percentages, and ranking. To answer the profile of the respondents which include age, civil status, highest level of education, occupation, monthly family income, languages spoken, and dialects spoken, the researchers will utilize frequency counting and percentages. In answering problem two (2), frequency counting and percentage will also be used to determine the cultural and religious beliefs of Muslim women during pregnancy. The same statistical treatment will be used to answer problem three (3). Frequency counting, percentages for the prenatal practices of Muslim women will be used to present, analyze and interpret the data. As for its extent (problem four), weighted mean will be applied. The weighted mean is similar to an arithmetic mean (the most common type of average), where instead of each of the data points contributing equally to the final average, some data points contribute more than others. The notion of weighted mean plays a role in descriptive statistics and also occurs in a more general form in several other areas of mathematics

(http://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/level5/Leo/Stats4_5.html). Interpretation is best done using mean so that descriptive equivalents will be easily categorized. Formula for weighted mean is shown below:

where x is the repeating value w is the number of occurrences of x (weight) x is the weighted mean

As to interpret the extent of prenatal practices of Muslim pregnant women, the following scales will be used: Scale 5 4 3 2 1 Statistical Limits 4.20- 5.00 3.40- 4.19 2.60- 3.39 1.80- 2.59 1.00-1.79 Descriptive Equivalent Highly Performed Moderately Performed Performed Less Performed Not Performed Symbol VS MS S SS NS

To answer subproblem five (5), the researchers will use Pearsons R test. This type of inferential statistic method is used to determine and interpret the relationship between the religious and cultural beliefs during pregnancy and their prenatal practices. The Pearson productmoment correlation coefficient or Pearson correlation coefficient is a measure of the strength of a linear association between two variables and is denoted by r. Basically, a Pearson productmoment correlation attempts to draw a line of best fit through the data of two variables, and the Pearson correlation coefficient r indicates how far all these data points are to this line of best fit. Moreover, Wellesley (2007) defined that it is the most commonly used method of computing a correlation coefficient between variables that are linearly related.

Below is the formula for Pearson r: Pearson's correlation coefficient when applied to a sample is commonly represented by the letter r and may be referred to as the sample correlation coefficient or the sample Pearson correlation coefficient. The researchers can obtain a formula for r by substituting estimates of the covariances and variances based on a sample into the formula above. That formula for r is:

An equivalent expression gives the correlation coefficient as the mean of the products of the standard scores. Based on a sample of paired data (Xi, Yi), the sample Pearson correlation coefficient is

where

are the standard score, sample mean, and sample standard deviation, respectively.

You might also like