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Science: Grade 8 Unit: Levels of Organization Lesson: Organ Systems Introduction

Duration:
60 minutes (one class)

Outcomes:
GCO: Students will construct knowledge and understandings of concepts in life science, and apply these understandings to interpret, integrate, and extend their knowledge (Skills 3: Knowledge) SCO: relate the needs and functions of various cells and organs to the needs and functions of the human organism as a whole (304-8), describe the basic factors the affect the functions and efficiency of the human respiratory, circulatory, digestive, excretory, and nervous systems (304-9), describe the interdependence of various systems of the human body (304-10)

Preparation:
Read up on the organ systems Print two worksheets 1. Human Organ Systems 2. Word Bank

Body:
Recap levels of organization Cell Tissue Organ Organ System Organism Have students give examples of each Write the five organ systems listed in the grade eight curriculum on the board. Have students brainstorm in pairs which organs belong is which systems. Give them a list of organs, and a sheet with the titles of the systems. Respiratory o Passes oxygen from the air to the blood o Removes gaseous wastes from the body o Organs: Nose cillia, mucus, and blood vessels to warm, to moisten, and to filter the air you breathe Trachea (windpipe) smooth muscle (involuntary)

2 Lungs allows the body to absorb oxygen in the blood stream Diaphragm muscle, inhale = contracts and moves down, exhale = relax and moves back up to resting position

Circulatory o Carries food, water, and oxygen o Removes waste from cells o Maintains body temperature o Fights disease o Carries chemicals o Main organs: Heart Hardest working organ, never stops Make a fist with your hand, its about that size, and shape. Everyones is different Blood vessels Arteries lead away from the heart Capillaries tiniest blood vessels, cells must travel single file, connect the arteries and veins Veins carry blood back to your heart Digestive o Uses food like fuel in a car, on an empty tank you cant go anywhere o Food for energy, building, and repairing o Mechanical vs. Chemical o Organs: Salivary glands produce saliva (chemical) Tongue forms bolus (mechanical) Esophagus food tube, peristalsis movement (muscle contraction like an inch worm) Stomach gastric juices (chemical) Small intestine (7 m tube) completely breaks down nutrients in a usable form, covered in villi, surrounded by capillaries Pancreas produces juices to break down carbs, proteins, and fats, works very closely with the small intestine Liver makes bile to further break down fats Gall bladder stores bile Large intestine (2 meter tube) separates useful water from solid food waste Excretory o Getting rid of wastes o Large intestine solid food waste o Lungs gaseous wastes o Urinary system Organs (make up the urinary tract) Kidneys (2) filters water, salts, and urea from the blood and convert them into urine Ureters connect kidneys to bladder

3 Bladder muscular sac holds the urine Urethra leads from the bladder out of the body o Skin through sweating Nervous o Coordinates the body systems (breathing, heart beating, feelings, learning, movements, etc.) o Keeps you conscious, coordinates your senses, learning and memory o Organs: Nerves 12 pairs of cranial nerves, 31 pairs of spinal nerves, the messengers Brain the message interpretation center Spinal chord also sends messages, begins with the brain stem that controls many of your automatic processes

Assessment:
Worksheet is complete

Differentiated Instruction: