Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Preface ..................................................................................................................................... ii
Table of Contents .................................................................................................................. iv
List of Figures and Tables ..................................................................................................vii
HOW TO READ THIS GUIDE .......................................................................................... 1
1. STATISTICS AND MATERIALS ENGINEERING ................................................ 6
1.1
Introduction.......................................................................................................................................... 6
1.2
Material Classes .................................................................................................................................. 6
1.2.1 General Material Considerations...................................................................................................... 6
1.2.2 Metals................................................................................................................................................. 7
1.2.3 Ceramics ............................................................................................................................................ 8
1.2.4 Polymers ............................................................................................................................................ 9
1.2.5 Composites......................................................................................................................................11
1.2.6 Elastomers .......................................................................................................................................13
1.2.7 Specialty Materials..........................................................................................................................14
1.3
Material Properties...........................................................................................................................14
1.3.1 Mechanical.......................................................................................................................................15
1.3.2 Electrical..........................................................................................................................................17
1.3.3 Thermal............................................................................................................................................17
1.3.4 Optical..............................................................................................................................................17
1.3.5 General Testing Issues....................................................................................................................17
1.4
Design and Manufacture ..................................................................................................................18
1.4.1 Processing........................................................................................................................................18
1.4.2 SPC and SQC ..................................................................................................................................18
1.4.3 Design Allowables ..........................................................................................................................19
1.4.4 Standards..........................................................................................................................................19
1.4.5 Data Pedigree...................................................................................................................................20
1.5
Accepting and Rejecting Data.........................................................................................................20
Summary.............................................................................................................................................22
Introduction........................................................................................................................................22
Data and Metadata ...........................................................................................................................24
Types of Data and Databases..........................................................................................................26
Data Accreditation............................................................................................................................28
An Illustrative Example of Data Comparison..............................................................................30
Uses and Cost of Good Data............................................................................................................30
Statistical Characteristics of Good Data .......................................................................................32
Some Statistical Sampling Schemes and their Characteristics..................................................33
Conclusions.........................................................................................................................................35
Summary.............................................................................................................................................36
Statistical Distributions - Generalities...........................................................................................36
Three Distributions of Interest in Material Data Analysis .........................................................40
iv
Introduction........................................................................................................................................81
The Case of Bivariate Data..............................................................................................................81
Contingency Tables...........................................................................................................................82
Regression Analysis...........................................................................................................................84
ANOVA (one way analysis of variance) ........................................................................................95
Non-Parametric Alternatives to ANOVA .....................................................................................99
Summary...........................................................................................................................................101
Suggested Further Readings..........................................................................................................102
7.1
Summary...........................................................................................................................................126
7.2
Introduction......................................................................................................................................126
7.3
Case Studies .....................................................................................................................................128
7.3.1 Case One: An Example In Stress-Strain Curves........................................................................128
7.3.2 Case Two: Surface Damage Example Revisited: Modeling The Data....................................133
7.3.3 Case Three: Ex3.Dat Revisited: Regression Data Constraints.................................................135
7.3.4 Case Four: A Small But More Complex Data Set .....................................................................136
7.4
Conclusions.......................................................................................................................................147
7.5
Suggested Further Readings..........................................................................................................147
8. CONCLUSIONS..........................................................................................................148
8.1
8.2
8.3
8.4
Summary...........................................................................................................................................148
What Has Been Accomplished ......................................................................................................148
Data and Software...........................................................................................................................149
Future Work ....................................................................................................................................150
vi
Table 1
Table 2
vii