TEAM COHESION

IN WATER POLO

Ong Chong Jie

Ong Chong Jie/Ktar/ISN/2009 1

CONTENT

 Introduction
 Literature Review
 Barriers to team cohesion
 GEQ
 Methodology
 Results
 Discussion
 Applied Implications
 Summary
 Acknowledgment
 References

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INTRODUCTION

Water Polo Team Cohesion

-water sport -stick together
-swimming, throwing, -united to pursuit goal
passing & objectives
(wikipedia, 2009) (Carron, 1982)

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CONT’

Task
Cohesion Social
Cohesion
-stick together
-like and enjoy
spending time
-specific & together
identifiable goal

Carron, 1982

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LITERATURE REVIEW
YEAR AUTHOR PUBLICATION/ JOURNAL MAIN FINDINGS

2008 Mohammad Narimani Relationship between Positive correlation between

and Saeid Sadeghieh team cohesion, role team cohesion and athletic
Ahari ambiguity, & athletic performance
performace
2002 Albert V. Carron, Steven Team cohesion and very strong relationship
R. Bray, Mark A. Eys. team success in sport between cohesion and
success in sport teams
1997 Sheilds, D The Effects of Verbal positive correlation between
Aggressiveness and argumentativeness
Argumentativeness communication traits and
Communication Traits small group cohesion.

1990 Widmeyer, Brawley, The effects of group enjoyment and cohesion

Carron size in sport decreased as size increased
1982 Carron, A, V Cohesiveness in certain factors that lead to
sports group team cohesion

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BARRIERS IN TEAM COHESION

Clash of personalities

Conflict of task/social roles among

members

Breakdown in communication

One/more members struggling for

power

Disagreement on goals/objective

Carron (Group Cohesion,

Ong Chong Jie/Ktar/ISN/2009
2008) 6
GROUP ENVIRONMENT QUESTIONNAIRES
(GEQ)

Ong Chong Jie/Ktar/ISN/2009

Carron, 1982 7
METHODOLOGY

 Objective: to study the team cohesion in

water polo
 Participants: 11 males

 Age: 19-21

 Training experience: 1 to 2 years

 Level of participation: College

 GEQ given before training starts

8
Ong Chong Jie/Ktar/ISN/2009
RESULTS
Attraction Group Group
Attraction to
Group/ to group- integration- integration-
group-social
Name task task social
Ath1 19 10 21 28
Ath2 15 25 19 22
Ath3 16 23 23 18
Ath4 12 12 27 24
Ath5 13 17 31 17
Ath6 17 36 31 32
Ath7 12 13 25 24
Ath8 13 15 28 14
Ath9 16 7 21 11
Ath10 16 9 29 23
Ath11 17 19 21 19 9
 GEQ Results
40

35

30

25

Attraction to group-task
Score

20
Attraction to group-social
Group integration-task
Group integration-social
15

10

0
Ath1 Ath2 Ath3 Ath4 Ath5 Ath6 Ath7 Ath8 Ath9 Ath10 Ath11
Athlete
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 Attraction to group-task
35

30

25
Score

20 19
16 17 16 16 17
15 15
12 13 12 13
10

5
0
Ath1 Ath2 Ath3 Ath4 Ath5 Ath6 Ath7 Ath8 Ath9 Ath10 Ath11

Athlete
Attraction to group-social
45
40
35 36
30
Score

25 25
23
20 19
15 17
15
12 13
10 10 9
5 7
0
Ath1 Ath2 Ath3 Ath4 Ath5 Ath6 Ath7 Ath8 Ath9 Ath10 Ath11

Athlete 11
 Group integration-task
45
40
35
30 31 31
Score 28 29
27
25 25
23
20 21 21 21
19
15
10
5
0
Ath1 Ath2 Ath3 Ath4 Ath5 Ath6 Ath7 Ath8 Ath9 Ath10 Ath11

Athlete
Group integration-social
35
32
30
28
25 24 24
22 23
Score

20 19
18 17
15 14
10 11

5
0
Ath1 Ath2 Ath3 Ath4 Ath5 Ath6 Ath7 Ath8 Ath9 Ath10 Ath11

Athlete 12
DISCUSSION
•Group integration social and task is better

•Low due to level of training/ experience

•Misunderstand the questions

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APPLIED IMPLICATIONS

Coach

Carron (Group Cohesion, 2008)

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APPLIED IMPLICATIONS CONT’

Member

Carron (Group Cohesion, 2008)

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SUMMARY

 Team cohesion increases performance

 Takes time to build cohesion

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ACKNOWLEDGMENT

Thank you to SPC staffs, SPC

colleagues, athletes which had helped
me and ISN library for providing me
informations.

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REFERENCES
 Albert V. Carron, Steven R. Bray, Mark A. Eys. (2002). Team cohesion and team
success in sport, Journal of Sports Sciences, Feb 2002 v20 i2 p119(8)
 Carron, A. V. (1982). Cohesiveness in sport groups: Interpretations and
considerations. Journal of Sport Psychology, 4, 123-138
 Carron, A., Brawley, L., Widmeyer, N. (2002). Group Environment Test
Questionnaire Manual. Retrieved 9/6/2009, from www.morris.umn.edu
 Group Cohesion (2008), Retrieved 5/6/09 from,
http://www.lcsc.edu/mcollins/groupcohesion.htm
 Mohammad Narimani and Saeid Sadeghieh Ahari, (2008). Relationship between
team cohesion, role ambiguity, & athletic performance. Journal of Biological
Sciences 3(1):45-51
 Sheilds, D, (1997). The Effects of Verbal Aggressiveness and Argumentativeness
Communication Traits, Retrieved 17/6/2009, from
http://people.wcsu.edu/mccarneyh/acad/scales.html
 Widmeyer, Brawley, Carron, (1990), The effects of group size in sport, Journal
of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 12(2), 177-190.

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THANK YOU!!

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