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HOLIDAY ASSIGNMENT (MOLE CONCEPT AND ATOMIC STRUCTURE)

Subject: Chemistry

Class: 10 + 1

MOLE CONCEPT
1. Standard atomic weight: (amu)

2.

1 amu = 1.66 10-24 =

1 (How?) NA

3.

Laws of chemical combination Law of conservation of mass Law of Definite or constant proportion Law of multiple proportion Law of Reciprocal proportion (Write in brief)

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4.

Limiting Reagent:

5.

Dilution law:

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6.

Mixing Law:

7.

STP or NTP condition (0oC & 1 atm) For on Ideal gas : At STP 1 mole occupy ______________________ lt 1 kmol occupy ______________________ m3

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SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
Q1. Calculate the following: (a) Number of atoms in 2.3 kg
23 11 Na

(Na = 23) (Br = 80) (N = 14, H = 1)

Ans. 6.02 1025 Na atoms Ans. 2.408 1023 Br atoms Ans. 1.806 1024 molecules Ans. 2.974 1023 N0 Ans. 6.588 1022 SO42- ions

(b) Number of atoms in 32.0 g Br2 (c) Number of molecules in 51.0 g of NH3

(d) Number of formula units in 159 g PbCrO4 (Pb = 206, Cr = 52)

(e) Number of SO 2 4 ions in 14.3 g Cr2(SO4)3

(O = 16, S = 32)

Q2.

Potassium manganate is a dark green crystalline substance whose composition is 40.2% K, 26.8% Mn and rest O. What is empirical formula? Ans. K2MnO4 Ans. 1.67 1021 H2O molecules

Q3.

A drop of water is about 0.05 mL. The density of water at room temperature is about 1.0 g/mL. How many H2O molecules are present in a drop of water?

Q4.

The mass spectrum of carbon shows that 98.892% of carbon atoms are C 12 with a mass of 12.000 u and 1.108% are C 13 with a mass of 13.00335 u. Calculate the atomic weight of naturally occurring carbon. Ans. 12.011 unit

Q5.

Calculate the amount of lime, Ca(OH)2 required to remove the hardness in 60 L of pond water containing 1.62 mg of calcium bicarbonate per 100 mL of water. Ans. 0.444 g

Q6.

An hourly requirement of an astronaut can be satisfied by the energy released when 34.2 g of sucrose (C12H22O11) are burnt in his body. How many gram of oxygen would be needed in a space capsule to meet his requirement for one day? Ans. 921.6 g

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ATOMIC STRUCTURE
1. Rutherford Model: (Brief) Observation 1. (Conclusion)

2.

3.

2.

Bohrs Postulates

Postulate I

Postulate II

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3.

Application of Bohr Model

Bohr Radius

Speed of electron

Energy of on E-

4.

I.E. for H like species: I.E =

5.

Energy / Wavelength of photons emitted in electronic transitions: e E = E = ? Transition energy

Rydbergs equation

OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
Q1. If the speed of electron in the Bohrs first orbit of hydrogen atom is x, the speed of the electron in the Bohrs third orbit is: (a) x/9 Q2. (b) x/3 (c) 3x (d) 9x Ans. (b) The energy of an electron in the Bohrs first orbit of H-atom is 13.6 eV. The possible energy value (s) of the excited state (s) for electrons in Bohrs orbits of hydrogen is(are): (a) 3.4 eV (b) 4.2 eV (c) 6.8 eV (d) +6.8 eV Ans. (a)

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Q3.

Energy levels A, B, C of a certain atom corresponds to increasing values of energy, i.e., EA < EB < EC. If 1, 2 and 3 are the wavelengths of radiations corresponding to the transitions C to B, B to A and C to A respectively, which of the following statements is correct?
C 1 B 2 3 A

(a) 3 = 1 + 2 Q4.

(b) 3 =

12 1 + 2

(c) 1 + 2 + 3 = 0

2 2 (d) 2 3 = 1 + 2

Ans. (b)

The radii of two of the first four Bohrs orbits of the hydrogen atom are in the ratio 1 : 4. The energy difference between them may be: (a) either 12.09 eV or 3.4 eV (c) either 13.6 eV or 3.4 eV (b) either 2.55 eV or 10.2 eV (d) either 3.4 eV or 0.85 eV Ans. (d)

Q5.

The ratio of (E2 E1) to (E4 E3) for H-atom is approximately: (a) 10.2 (b) 15.4 (c) 5.6 (d) 12.4 Ans. (b)

Q6.

The time period for revolution of Bohr electron in an orbit of ground state (n1) is T1 of time period for revolution of electron in higher orbit (n2) is T2. What values of n1 and n2 are not correct if (a) n1 = 1, n2 = 2 (b) n1 = 2, n2 = 4 (c) n1 = 2, n2 = 3 (d) n1 = 3, n2 = 6
T1 1 = ? T2 8

Ans. (c)

Q7.

COMPREHENSION Excited atoms emits radiations consisting of only certain discrete frequencies or wavelengths. In spectroscopy it is often more convenient to use frequencies or wave numbers than wavelength because frequencies and wave numbers are proportional to energy and spectroscopy involves transitions between different energy levels. The line spectrum shown by a monoelectronic excited atom (a finger print of an atom) can be given as:
1 1 1 = v = RH . Z 2 2 2 n1 n2

where Z is atomic number of monoelectronic atom or ion and n1, n2 are integers and if n2 > n1, then emission spectrum is noticed and it n2 < n1, then absorption spectrum is noticed. Every line is spectrum can be represented as a difference of two terms (A)
R H .Z 2
2 n1

and

R H .Z 2 n2 2

If En and Em are energy levels of an atom and Em > En, then the frequencies in the line spectrum of an atom can be calculated by: (a)
c [En Em] h

(b) RH [En Em]

(c)

c [Em En] h

(d)

1 [Em - En] h

Ans. (d)

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(B)

The ratio of wavelength for II line of Balmer series and I line of Lyman series is: (a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4 Ans. (d)

(C)

Which series of line spectrum of H-atom is observed usually in both emission and absorption spectrum? (a) Lyman (b) Balmer (c) Paschen (d) Pfund Ans. (a) 1 and 2 are wavelengths of the first line of Balmer series of deuterium and hydrogen respectively, then: (a) 1 > 2 (b) 1 < 2 (c) 1 = 2 (d) 1 2 Ans. (b)

(D)

(E)

A continuum in line spectra represents the state: (a) when lines become more and more densely spaced (b) a region of continuous absorption or emission of radiation without any line spectra (c) the electron becomes completely free from the nucleus and it is no longer restricted to discrete quantized energy states but may take up continuously the kinetic energy of translation corresponding to its speed in free space (d) all of the above Ans. (d)

(F)

The colour of I line of Balmer series is: (a) red (b) blue (c) violet (d) green Ans. (a)

(G)

The given diagram indicates the energy levels of certain atom. When an electron moves from 2E level to E level, a photon of wavelength is emitted. The wavelength of photon emitted during its transition from
4E level to E level is: 3
2E

4E 3
E

(a) (H)

(b)

3 4

(c)

4 3

(d) 3

Ans. (d)

H-atoms in ground state (13.6 eV) are excited by monochromatic radiations of photon of energy 12.1 eV. The number of spectral lines emitted in H-atom will be: (a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 6 Ans. (c)

(I)

For a hypothetical H-like atom, the wavelength in for the spectral lines for radiations from n = p to n = I are given by: =
1500p 2 p2 1

; where p = 2, 3, 4.

The wavelength of most energies photon and least energetic photons (in ) during the transition are: (a) 1500, 2000 (b) 2000, 1500 (c) 1000, 2000 (d) 2000, 10000 Ans. (a)

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Definition Formula Unit

Strength of a solution

Percentage strength

Molarity (M)

Molality (m)

Normality (N)

ppm ppm (pcas per million) (pcas per million) (pcas per million)

Mole fracition

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