NTPC LECTURE-2010

Sl. Group of No. Minerals 1. Shale Representative Minerals a. Illite b.Montmorillonite c. Muscovite 2. 3. Kaoline Sulphide a. Kaolinite b. Metahalloysite a. Iron Pyrites (cubic) b. Mercasite (Rhombic) a. Calcite b. Dolomite c. Siderite d. Ankerite a. Quartz b. Rutile c. Haematite a. Felspar- Soda/ / Potash Felspar b. ApatiteChloro/Fluro Apatite c. Magnetite d. Zircon e. Vivinite Formula Frequency of Occurrence %(approx) of Total M.M 5-10

Na2O.3Al2O3.6SiO2. Frequent & Common 2H2O MgO.CaO.Al2O3. 5SiO2.nH2O K2O.3Al2O3.6SiO2. 2H2O Al2O3 2SiO2.2H2O Very frequent Al2O3.2SiO2.4H2O FeS2 Less common

60-85 About0.5

4.

Carbonate

5.

Oxide

CaCO3 CaCO3.MgCO3 FeCO3 2CaCO3.MgCO3. FeCO3 SiO2 TiO2 Fe2O3 Na2O.Al2O3.6SiO2/ K2O Al2O3.SiO2 3Ca3(PO4)2.CaCl2/3 Ca3(PO4)2.CaF2 Fe3O4 ZrO2 Fe3(PO4)2.8H2O

Frequent & Common

2-3

Very frequent & Very common Frequent & Common Frequent & Common

2-20 0.7-0.8 1-3 0.5-1.0

6.

Other accessory Minerals group

Common

Sl.No. Decomposition temperature. 0 C 1. 370-570 2. 300-800 3. 500-575 4. 540-760 5. 750-800 6. 850-950 The principal changes are: 1. Dehydration of hydrated minerals: Kaoline (Shale)-Al2O3.xSiO2.yH2O CaSO4.2H2O

Mineral Matter Water of hydration Starts at 370& complete at 570 FeS2 starts at 300Max. at400 &complete at 800 FeCO3 starts at 500 Max at 575 MgCO3 starts at 540 CaCO3,MgCo3 at 760 CaCO3,

Al2O3.xSiO2+yH2O CaSO4+2H2O

2. Decomposition of carbonates of lime, magnesia and iron bearing oxides of residues CaCO3 CaO+CO2, MgCO3 MgO+CO2, FeCO3 Fe2O3+2CO2 3. Decomposition of sulphides:Pyrites, 2 FeS2+3 O2 Fe2O3 4. Volatilisation of chlorides of the alkali metals, this is usually small and may be neglected. In a combustor, at a relatively high temperature (1400c and above) the mineral matter may undergo following reaction in the thermal environment. 1. Kaolinite-mullite formation to glass formation (Kaolinite) Al2O3.2SiO2.2H2O (Silicon spinel) 2Al2O3.3SiO2 type phase 3Al2O3.2SiO2 (Metakaolinite) Al2O3.2SiO2+2H2O 1:1 Mullite type Al2O3.SiO2 C Liquid 3:2 Mullite

2. Alpha quartz (SiO2) changes to tridymite to crystabalite quartz quartz Tridymite Crystabalite Liquid

3. Iron carbonate changes to Fe2O3 4. CaO, MgO from carbonate may react with acidic component and form binary phase with siliceous component of kaolinite and shale. 5. In milding reducing conditions, Fe2O3 may be reduced to FeO and may react to form low melting FeSiO3 & Ferrous alumina silicates. Thus, there may be incipient fusion to clinker formation in the boiler but due to silicious nature of Indian coal, chances of general slag formation is less.

NTPC Vindhyachal
Sl.no. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Oxide SiO2 Al2O3 Fe2O3 TiO2 P2O5 SO3 CaO MgO Na2O K2O Ash Analysis Result 66.26 24.21 5.19 1.12 0.18 0.36 0.79 0.34 0.40 1.14