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Deflection Beam deflection must be limited to: = L / 360 for LL = L / 240 for combined LL+DL. Beam deflection is caused by both bending and shear Bending deflection governs long beams Shear deflection governs short beams, but is very small and usually ignored 1 Simple beam under uniform load 2 Large bending deflection of simple beam 3 Small shear deflection of simple beam 4 Small bending deflection of short cantilever beam 5 Large shear deflection of short cantilever beam
Deflection
Moment Area Method (Mohrs Theorem, 1868) http://www.scribd.com/doc/58608799/Mohrs-Theorems-1 1 Deformed partial beam Assuming GB is parallel to FO Then FG = AB, the unstressed length and GH/AB = , the unit strain. Since E=f/ f=E f=E GH/AB. Due to similar triangles GH/AB = c/r f = Ec/r Since f=Mc/I Ec/r=Mc/I E/r=M/I 1/r = M / EI 2 Elastic curve AB of partial beam Assuming angles in radians: Radial angle d between m and n and Tangent angle between A and B, yields: dx= r d d/dx = 1/r = M / EI d= Mdx / EI = d = Mdx/ EI. Hence = Am/ EI Am=Mdx = bending diagram area between A and B. Slope Theorem The angle between tangents at A and B on the elastic curve of a beam is the moment diagram area between A & B, divided by EI
Copyright Prof Schierle 2012 3
Am
Deflection
Am= Mdx = bending diagram area between A and B x = lever arm from A to centroid of bending diagram xd = x d Thus = xd = Mdx/ EI, or = x Am/ EI Deflection Theorem The displacement of the tangent at B on the elastic curve equals the moment of the bending diagram area between A and B times the leverarm x from its centroid to A, divided by EI.
Am
Deflection Copyright Prof Schierle 2012 4
Deflection formulas = slope of the tangent of the elastic curve = maximum deflection. 1 Cantilever beam with point load = (PL)(L/2)/(EI) = 2/3 L = 1/2 PL2/(EI) = 1/3 PL3/(EI) 2 Cantilever beam with uniform load = (WL/2)(L/3)/(EI) = 3/4 L = 1/6 WL2/(EI) = 1/8 WL3/(EI) 3 Simple beam with point load = (PL/4)(L/4)/(EI) = 1/3 L = 1/16 PL2/(EI) = 1/48 PL3/(EI) 4 Simple beam with uniform load = (WL/8)(2/3 L/2)/(EI) = 5/16 L = 1/24 WL2/(EI) = 5/384 WL3/(EI)
Deflection Copyright Prof Schierle 2012 5
Beam formulas The formulas include for common beams: M = bending moment V = shear = deflection
Deflection
= 0.87
1.5>0.87, ok Note: the W10x45 of 36 span/depth ratio is too shallow; while the W18x35 has the recommended ratio of 20, is lighter and more economical.
Deflection Copyright Prof Schierle 2012 7
16 times !
1 2 3 4 5
Beam with = 1 Double span with = 16 Short span: shear V governs Medium span: bending M governs Long span: deflection governs
Deflection
Deflection vs. I
Type of beam
(moment of inertia)
I
1 Single board
2 Twin board
1/2
1/8
1/64
64
Deflection
10
Deflection
11