Innovative Technologies for the Sustainable Development of Food Production in the 21st Century

The The Strategy Strategy in in Japan Japan

Yoshihiro Hayashi, Ph.D.

Professor, Graduate School of Agricultural & Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan Member, The Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Research Council

The Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Research Council (AFFRC)

AFFRC is a special organization established in the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Japan

Duties of AFFRC
1. Formulating the basic objectives and other fundamental matters for agricultural, forestry and fishery research activities in Japan 2. Liaison and coordinating between the research institutions and administrative sections

Sustainable Development of Agriculture in the 21st Century

Aging Society Global Warming Labor-saving and Energy-saving Agricultural Technologies

A new system created by fusing both agriculture and engineering technologies Use -generation production Useof ofrobots robotsfor fornext next-generation productionsystem system
Sort Robot

Eye

Handling

Harvest Robot

Japan -Farm) Japanis isgood goodat atrobot robottechnologies technologies(Robo (Robo-Farm)

Technology Robot Technology

Remote-controlled helicopter Measuring the growth of crop

Automated farm tractor A

Auto-controlled spreader of fertilizer

Fused

Automated farm tractor B

Harvester recording data of quality and quantity of crop automatically

Automated rice planting machine

Innovative technologies for improving a new variety

Development Developmentof ofnew newfoods foodsand/or and/ornew newmaterials materials
Purple sweet potato New rice variety for curry

A new variety AYAMURASAKI containing a functional pigment, Anthocyanin

Left [], rice for curry Right: Koshikikari

Benifuuki, a new green tea

2 .5 2 .0 1 .5 1 .0 0 .5 0 .0

High lycopene tomato

New materials for medical use

The new green tea contains an anti-allergic materials methyl-kakitene

10

A new tomato containing high lycopene with anti-oxidation effect

Silkworm producing a high protein containing silk for medical use

CROP-BASED EDIBLE VACCINES AS A PROMISING NEW AGRICULTURAL PRODUCT

Advantages of edible vaccine

z z z

Avoidance of stress for animals Reduction of labor cost, transport and storage cost, purifying cost, and etc. Cheapness and easiness in edible vaccine production

vaccine injection

edible vaccine feeding

Production of transgenic rice expressing CTB-As16 antigen for controlling roundworm in pig

Oryza sativa cv,kitaake (japonica)

Transformation of rice

Agrobacterium tumefacience EH105 Co-cultivation

Callus induction d7

Callus induction d30

Pre-incubation Sterilization and selection w/ hygromycine 1 week

Blooming rice

Potted rice 1 week

Regenerates

Regeneration 3 wk

Glutelin-B promoter

CTB-As16 fusion genes

Nos ter HPT 35S LB

2.3 kb-GluB pro Glusig CTB As16 GluB 3 RB

Plasmid Agrobacterium Nucleus Selection

Calli from rice embryo

CTB-As16 producing rice

Identified A. suum 3rd stage larval antigen, As16, is a hopeful mucosal vaccine candidate

Reduction of 3rd stage larvae by CTB-As 16 antigen

P < 0.05

Larvae recovered from lung

30

20

10

CTB-As16 rice + CT

z WT rice + CT

Regular diet

Development -made foods Developmentof oftailor tailor-made foodsusing usingby bynutrigenomics nutrigenomics
All-inclusive analyses of gene expression contribute to evaluate the safety and function of food components and to offer the menu for individual constitution and physical condition
Measurement of the gene expression using DNA microarey, after feeding the samples to experimental animals

Individual characterization
1.0_2.CEL 1.0_1.CEL 1.0_3.CEL 1.0_6.CEL 1.0_4.CEL 1.0_5.CEL 0.5_4.CEL 0.5_6.CEL 0.5_1.CEL 0.5_3.CEL 0.5_2.CEL 0.5_5.CEL 0.1_5.CEL 0.1_6.CEL 0.1_4.CEL 0.1_3.CEL 0.1_2.CEL control_2.CEL 0.1_1.CEL control_3.CEL control_6.CEL control_5.CEL control_4.CEL control_1.CEL

Mtpn E430010N07Rik Ubc Ubc Ubc Ubc Ubc Eftud2 6330416G13Rik Kdelc1 Fbxl15 Thoc5 Mak10 Trim2 4932438A13Rik /// LOC665732 Rbm25 Hist1h1c Prkcn Prkcn Bri3bp Mme --Tmcc1 Il1rap Cyp4f14 A530088I07Rik Mfhas1 AU022434 6330416G13Rik Slc30a10 Ank Serpinc1 Col4a3bp Abcb11 F10 BC029214 Trf Gpc4 Tada1l Exod1 ENSMUSG00000052976 Grina Hdh Gpr146 Gpr146 Gpr146 Metrnl Prkcbp1 Gm129 Zbtb16 Rrp1b 1810015C04Rik Bcl2l1 Ptp4a1 Steap4 Gpt2

Integrated data base system

Characteristics of tailor-made foods Able to cheese the foods containing effective components according to individual gene information Able to predict the safety and effectiveness of foods Abel to offer the menu for well balanced and functional meals

1. Polymorphism 2. Functional components

Tailor-made foods for each person

Professor , Laboratory ProfessorNaoko NaokoNishizawa Nishizawa, Laboratoryof ofPlant PlantBiotechnology Biotechnology Graduate School of Agricultural & Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural & Life Sciences, The TheUniversity Universityof ofTokyo Tokyo

Iron is the essential element for plant growth

- Fe

Iron is not available in alkaline soils

Fe

Fe Fe

Plants die in alkaline soils due to iron deficiency

Transgenic rice tolerant to alkaline soils

Success 1 Success 2

WT

Transgenic

Transgenic

WT

Takahashi et al, Nature Biotechnol 2001

Ishimaru et al, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2007

JIRCAS, a national agricultural institute, has found DREB gene resistant to dry and salt damage by the collaboration with international research institutions
Collaboration with international organization

DREB gene
Is a gene resistant to dry and salt damage

Dry condition

ICARDA

IRRI ICRISAT CIAT

Control

DREB reinforcement

Development of crop resistant to dry and salt damage

Increased production

Afforestation

Bioenergy

Control wheat

DREB reinforcement

Distinction of variety and locality

Discrimination method using by DNA technology

Principal component analysis

Role in the food chain Production Processing Distribution

Elimination of camouflage food Consumer

Rapid and reliable methods for food label

Food safety and intellectual property

Adaptive agricultural technologies for global warming

New technologies for surmounting high temperature circumstance

Rice resistant to high temperature

Orange resistant to high temperature