1.

INTRODUCTION
Green concrete has nothing to do with color. It is a concept of thinking environment into concrete considering every aspect from raw materials manufacture over mixture design to structural design, construction, and service life. Green concrete is the term used for environmentally friendly concrete production and structures. Green concrete is very often also cheap to produce, because, for example, waste products are used as a partial substitute for cement, charges for the disposal of waste are avoided, energy consumption in production is lower, and durability is greater. Waste can be used to produce new products or can be used as admixtures so that natural sources are used more efficiency and the environment is protected from waste deposits. In India the extractive activity of decorative sedimentary carbonate rocks, commercially indicated as Marbles and Granites, is one of the most thriving industry. Marble sludge powder is an industrial waste containing heavy metals in its constitutes. Stone slurry generated during processing corresponds to around 40%of the dimension stone industry final product. This is relevant because dimension stone industry presents an annual output of 68 million tons of processed product. Quarry rock dust along with fly ash and micro silica in self compacting concrete (SCC) have satisfactory strength gain. Natural and crushed stone very fine sand (finer than 75 micron) have influence on the performance of fresh and hardened concrete. The ordinary stone dust obtained from crushers does not comply with IS: 383-1979. The presence of flaky, badly graded and rough textured particles result in hash concrete for given design parameters. Use of quarry rock dust as a fine aggregate in concrete draws serious attention of researchers and investigators. Marble powder has a very high fineness value of about 1.5 m 2/g with 90% of particles passing 50 m sieves and 50% under 7 m. The maximum compressive and flexural strengths were observed for specimens containing a 6% waste sludge when compared with control and it was found that waste sludge up to 9% could effectively be used as an additive material in cement. To avoid the pollution and reuse the waste

material, the present study was carried out. As the properties are as good as the sand, the marble sludge powder and quarry dust is used as fine aggregate in the cement concrete.

Fig. 1 Green concrete joint cut 1.1 Geopolymer or green concrete Geopolymer concrete alternative Portland is to cement a greener ordinary made

from inorganic aluminosilicate (Al-Si) polymer compounds that can utilize 100% recycled industrial waste (e.g. fly ash and slag) as the manufacturing inputs resulting in up to 80% lower carbon dioxide emissions. The geopolymer at both atmospheric and extreme conditions achieves greater chemical and thermal resistance, and better mechanical properties. 1.2 General ways to produce green concrete Four ways to produce green concrete are given below, 1. To increase the use of conventional residual products, i.e. fly ash in large quantities. 2. To use residual products from the concrete industry, i.e. stone dust (from crushing of aggregate) and concrete slurry (from washing of mixers and other equipment). 3. To use residual products from other industries not traditionally used in concrete, i.e. fly ash from bio fuels and sewage sludge incineration ash (from sewage treatment plants). 4. To use new types of cement with reduced environmental impact (mineralized cement, limestone addition, waste-derived fuels).

Fig. 2 Green concrete textures

2. RECYCLING
Concrete recycling is an increasingly common method of disposing of concrete structures. Concrete debris was once routinely shipped to landfills for disposal, but recycling is increasing due to improved environmental awareness, governmental laws, and economic benefits. Concrete, which must be free of trash, wood, paper and other such materials, is collected from demolition sites and put through a crushing machine, often along with asphalt, bricks, and rocks. Reinforced concrete contains rebar and other metallic reinforcements, which are removed with magnets and recycled elsewhere. The remaining aggregate chunks are sorted by size. Larger chunks may go through the crusher again. Smaller pieces of concrete are used as gravel for new construction projects. Aggregate base gravel is laid down as the lowest layer in a road, with fresh concrete or asphalt placed over it. Crushed recycled concrete can sometimes be used as the dry aggregate for brand new concrete if it is free of contaminants, though the use of recycled concrete limits strength and is not allowed in many jurisdictions. On March 3, 1983, a 3

government funded research team (the VIRL research coped) approximated that almost 17% of worldwide landfill was by-products of concrete based waste. Recycling concrete provides environmental benefits, conserving landfill space and use as aggregate reduces the need for gravel mining.

3. APPLICATIONS
3.1 Green Concrete Technology The environmental actions of the Danish cement and concrete industry over the last ten years. The areas include reduced Portland clinker content, which means improved CO2 footprint of the concrete. It is described how carbonation of concrete after demolition and crushing may improve the CO2 footprint even further by taking into account the absorption of CO2 from the atmosphere. Recently there has been a 3-year project initiated by the Danish cement and concrete industry. This technology has succeeded in promoting the image of concrete as a sustainable building material in the society. It is the result of several scientific investigations for instance determining the effect of concrete emissions on the indoor air quality and the solution to hydrocarbon pollution in concrete slurry at the concrete plant.

Fig. 3 Green concrete layer

Fig. 4 Green concrete installation 3.2 E-Crete: An environmentally friendly substitute for concrete E-Krete is an extremely durable polymer composite micro-overlay (PCMO) that bonds securely to asphalt pavement, chip seal, polished stone and other bituminous products, as well as concrete and primed metal. E-Krete is unaffected by water, UV, ice, oxidation, automotive fluids, aircraft fluids, oil, diesel and gasoline. Cracks in oxidized pavement are filled by the PCMO material as the asphalt pavement is capped with a
1 1 /8

inch lift of E-Krete in contrast to overlaying with 1 /2 inch of asphalt. E-Krete provides an SRI (Solar Reflectivity Index) that meets and exceeds the requirement for LEED projects. E-Krete reduces the heat by as much as 12 degrees Fahrenheit compared to the heat, which is absorbed and stored in asphalt. The heat generated by pavement is a problem that contributes significantly to the UHI (Urban Heat Index) which in turn contributes to global warming. A higher SRI allows asphalt pavement to be used as the paving material in an environment where the elimination of heat islands and enhanced into a green product. 3.3 Green lightweight aggregate concrete With increasing concern over the excessive exploitation of natural aggregates, synthetic lightweight aggregate produced from environmental waste is a viable new source of structural aggregate material. The uses of structural grade lightweight concrete reduce considerably the self-load of a structure and permit larger precast units to be handled. The mechanical properties of a structural grade lightweight aggregate made with

fly ash and clay is presented. The water absorption of the green aggregate is large but the crushing strength of the resulting concrete is high. The 28 day cube compressive strength of the resulting lightweight aggregate concrete with density of 1590 kg/m 3 and respective strength of 34 MPa. The green lightweight aggregate concrete can be utilized in prefabrication of concrete elements. Most of normal weight aggregate of normal weight concrete is natural stone such as limestone and granite. Synthetic lightweight aggregate produced from environmental waste, like fly ash, is a viable new source of structural aggregate material. The use of lightweight concrete permits greater design flexibility and substantial cost savings, reducing dead load, improved cyclic loading structural response, longer spans, better fire ratings, thinner sections, smaller size structural members, less reinforcing steel, and lower foundation costs. Weight of lightweight concrete is typically 25% to 35% lighter but its strengths is comparable to normal weight concrete. 3.4 Environmentally green concrete structures With the increasing interest of the public, industry and government in sustainable development, environmental assessment in construction is becoming more important. Society and the social changes that have occurred in the world have placed insatiable demands on the construction industry in terms of the world's material and energy resources. The construction industry must address certain consequential issues in the process of achieving sustainable development as it consumes considerable resources and has a significant impact on the environment. In this scenario, sustainable development of concrete and concrete design has to be the foundation of all construction activity in the next millennium. Concrete is the most important construction material of the world. To develop green cement and green concrete types; eg. concrete with less cement, i.e. high amounts of cement replacement materials, such as fly ash, silica fume and other natural pozzolans and concrete with waste materials such as stone dust, crushed concrete, 6 concrete slurry, cement

stabilized foundations with waste incineration and other inorganic residual products. To develop green design strategies, which require less maintenance and repair activities using for example stainless steel instead of black reinforcement. To develop green structural designs and structural solutions for green concrete e.g. optimized structural detailing by minimizing the structural dimensions using for example CRC. The ecological goals regarding the consumption of nonrenewable natural resources and energy, and the degree of atmospheric pollution, are as follows : Reduction of the concrete industry's CO2-emmision by 21% (Kyoto obligation) Increased concrete industry's use of waste products by 20% Reduction of the concrete industry's use of non-renewal fuels No use of constituents listed as unwanted by the Danish Environmental Protection Agency The-recycling quality of green concrete must not be less compared to existing concrete types The production of green concrete must not reduce the recycling applicability of the discharged water No increased noise and dust emissions

4. BENEFITS
4.1 Environmental benefits 4.1.1 Reduce The thermal mass of concrete contributes to operating energy efficiency and reduced cooling costs, under certain climatic conditions. Longer lasting structures reduce energy needs for maintenance and reconstruction. Made to order concrete means less construction waste. No need for additional interior or exterior finishes. Light reflectance light coloured walls reduce interior lighting requirements. Permeable concrete pavement and interlocking concrete pavers can be used to reduce runoff and allow water to return to the water table. 4.1.2 Reuse A well-designed concrete building that takes advantage of long floor spans with column-free space is adaptable to a variety of occupants over time. 4.1.3 Recycle Used concrete can be 100% recycled as aggregate for use in roadbeds or as a granular material. Industrial by-products such as slag or fly ash, from the production of steel and electricity, can be used to supplement the use of cement in concrete mixtures while improving product performance. 4.2 Economic benefits Costeffective and competitive building material. Less transportation costs. Less maintenance. Polished concrete floors do not require carpeting.

Lower operating costs thermal mass properties help to moderate heating and cooling peaks, lowering HVAC equipment requirements. Lower lighting costs due to reflectance of concrete. Concrete walls do not require paints or sealants. Concrete does not sustain mould growth and can be easily cleaned. Buildings last longer resistant to wear and tear, severe weather, rot, insects and fire.

4.3 Social benefits Better indoor air quality no of gassing from Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) combating Sick Building Syndrome. Safety resistance against fire, wind, vibration, sound transmission and seismic impact.

7. CONCLUSION
All the experimental data shows that the addition of the industrial wastes improves the physical and mechanical properties. These results are of great importance because this kind of innovative concrete requires large amounts of fine particles. Due to its high fineness of the marble sludge powder it provided to be very effective in assuring very good cohesiveness of concrete. From the above study, it is concluded that the quarry rock dust and marble sludge powder may be used as a replacement material for fine aggregate. The chemical compositions of quarry rock dust and marble sludge powder such as Fe2O3, MnO, Na2O, MgO, K2O, Al2O3, CaO, and SiO2 are comparable with that of cement. The replacement of fine aggregate with 50% marble sludge powder and 50% Quarry rock dust (Green concrete) gives an excellent result in strength aspect and quality aspect. The results showed that the M4 mix induced higher compressive strength, higher splitting tensile strength. Increase the marble

sludge powder content by more than 50% improves the workability but affects the compressive and split tensile strength of concrete. Green concrete induced higher workability and it satisfy the self compacting concrete performance which is the slump flow is 657mm without affecting the strength of concrete. Slump flow increases with the increase of marble sludge powder content. V-funnel time decreases with the increase of marble sludge powder content Test results show that these industrial wastes are capable of improving hardened concrete performance. Green concrete enhancing fresh concrete behavior and can be used in architectural concrete mixtures containing white cement. Permeability test results clearly demonstrate that the permeability of green concrete is less compared to that of conventional concrete. The water absorption of green concrete is slightly higher than conventional concrete. The durability of green concrete under sulphate is higher to that of conventional concrete. From the results after 90 day immersion, the mortar specimens with green concrete in 7.5% sulphate solution have similar effect with those immersed for 28 day, but for those in 7.5% magnesium sulphate, the influence of addition on anti corrosion factor is not obvious. The combined use of quarry rock dust and marble sludge powder exhibited excellent performance due to efficient micro filling ability and pozzolanic activity. Therefore, the results of this study provide a strong recommendation for the use of quarry rock dust and marble sludge powder as fine aggregate in concrete manufacturing.

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