Scientific Journal of Information Engineering

June 2013, Volume 3, Issue 3, PP.56-62

Study on IETM Domain Knowledge Representation

and Reasoning Based on Semantic Web
Weiwei Jiang
Beijing Aeronautical Technology Research Center, Beijing China, 100076
Email: jiangww0701@163.com

Abstract
To make IETM (interactive electronic technical manual) contents understandable to machine and suitable for inference, ontology
needs to be established, and the IETM contents should be annotated with metadata which are defined as terms in ontology. The
relation between domain knowledge and IETM domain knowledge is explained; the overview of ontology languages for the
semantic Web is introduced; based on trade-off between expressivity of knowledge and complexity of reasoning problems, OWL
Lite is selected as ontology language; then IETM ontology representation and reasoning for the semantic Web are proposed. From
these discussions, the basic situations of domain ontology representation, reasoning and integration for the semantic Web are
clarified, so the basic knowledge of developing IETM ontology for the semantic Web is provided.
Keywords: Interactive Electronic Technical Manuals; Semantic Web; Domain Knowledge; Representation; Reasoning

Web IETM

100076
IETM IETM

IETM Web
OWL Lite IETM IETM
IETM IETM
Web

IETMHTML
IETMIETM
IETM
Tim Berners-LeeWebIETMIETM
OWL LiteIETM
IETM

1 IETM
(Technical ManualTM)

(interactive electronic technical

manualIETM) 20 90 (Continuous
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Acquisition and Life-cycle Support, CALS)IETM

IETM IETM

IETM IETM
IETM

1 F-16 IETM
38% IETM 98%

120

100

IETM

80
IETM

60

40
20
0

min

F-16 IETM

2 IETM
(Domain Knowledge)(Background Knowledge)
1999 Maja D'Hondt
Domain knowledge indicates the collection of concepts existing in a domain, relations
between these concepts and constraints on these concepts.

Knowledge
about the environment in which the target system operates
IETM IETM IETM

IETM

IETM

IETM

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 IETM
K=F+C+R
K IETM (Domain Knowledge items)
F (Facts)
IETM

C (Concepts)()
R (Rules)
IETM IETM
IETM

3 Web
3.1 Web
TimBerners-Lee Web 1 XMLRDF

Tr ust

RR
ulules
es

Pr oof
DD
atataa
Sel
Self-fDD
esc.
esc.
Doc.
Doc.

DD
atataa

Logi c
Ont ol ogy vocabul ar y

Di gi t al Si gnat ur e

Web

RDF+RDFschema
XML+NS+XMLschema
Uni code

URI

2 web

(Unicode)(URI)Unicode Web URI

Web Web
XML (Namespace)
Web
XML Web
RDF+RDF Schema Web RDF(S)
(lightweight) Web Web (semantic
interoperability)
(Ontology)
IETM

(Rule)(Logic Framework)(first order

predicate logic)
(Proof)(trust)
(Signature)(Encryption)

3.2
XOLSHOEOMLRDF(S)OILDAML+ OIL OWLXOL SHOE
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OML RDF(S)

RDF(S)OILDAML+OIL OWL DL RDF(S)OIL

DAML+OIL
DAML-ONT OIL OWL W3C Web DAML+OIL
Web Web
OWL 3 OWL LiteOWL DLOWL FullOWL Lite OWL
DL OWL Full
OWL Lite SHIF(D)OWL Lite EXPTIME
FaCT RACER OWL Lite OWL DL
SHOIN(D)OWL DL NEXPTIME IETM
OWL Lite

4 OWL Lite
OWL Lite Web Web OWL Lite URI
OWL Lite RDF XML Schema OWL Lite RDF/XML
OWL Lite OWL Lite

OWL Lite
OWL Lite E={

} A, B E A B A B OWL Lite

, 6
1

OWL Lite

OWL Lite Syntax

A
I

owl:Thing
owl:Nothing
, Cn

Restriction R someValuesFrom C

Restriction R allValuesFrom C

C1

C2

RC

Restriction R cardinality n
restriction: n is 0 or 1
Restriction T someValuesFrom D

T D

Restriction R minCardinality n
Restriction R maxCardinality n

Restriction T

allValuesFrom D

Restriction T

minCardinality n

Restriction T

maxCardinality n

Restriction T cardinality n
restriction: n is 0 or 1

I I

RC
nR
nR
nR nR

D URI reference

Semantics

A URI reference

intersectionOf C1 , C2 ,

DL Syntax

Cn

C1

Cn C1
I

C2

C2

Cn a

R C a b, (a, b) R b C
nR a #({b
| a, b R }) n
nR a #({b
| a, b R }) n

T D
nT
nT
nT nT
D
- 59 http://www.sjie.org/

I
RC
a b, (a, b) R I b C I
I

I
I
I
nR nR
nR
nR

# is cardinality of set

T D a b, (a, b) T I b D I
I

T D a b, (a, b) T b D
I

OWL Lite Syntax

DL Syntax

R URI reference
T URI reference

R
R
T

o URI reference
v URI reference

Semantics

nT a #({b
| a, b T I }) n
I

nT a #({b
| a, b T }) n
I

o
v

nT

nT nT nT
I

# is cardinality of set

D I DI

RI I I
I

R =
R I
T I I ID

oI I
v I ID
2

OWL Lite

OWL Lite Syntax

DL

A C1

A C1

Class A partial C1

A C1

Cn

Class A complete C1

A C1

Cn

C1

Cn

DatatypeProperty T super T1
domain C1

super Tn

domain Cm

range D1

range Dl

[Functional]
SubPropertyOf T1T2
EquivalentProperties T1

range C1

super Rn

domain Cm
range Cl

Cn

1T Ci
T Di
1T
T1 T2
Tn

C1I

T I CiI I D

T I I DiI

TI

[Functional]

T1I

[Transitive]

R1 R2

EquivalentProperties R1

Rn

Individual o type C1

type Cm

Ci

R I CiI I

RCi

R I I CiI

R1

Rn

Co
i

Value R1o1

Rn on

Ro,o
i
i

Value T1v1

Tl vl

To,v

i
i

SameIndividuals o1
DifferentIndividuals o1

on
on

TnI

R I RiI

1R
Tr R
R1 R2

[InverseFunctional]

is Functional

T1I T2I

R I R0I

R R
1R

[Symmetric]

CnI

T I T Ii

R Ri

1R

I
n

C1I C2I

Cn

Ti

I
n

R R0

[InverOf R0 ]

SubPropertyOf

T1

Tn

ObjectProperty R super R1
domain C1

C1 C2

SubClassOf C1C2
EquivalentClasses C1

Cn

o1

on

oi o j i j

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R I R I
R I is Functional
I

is Functional

+
R R I
R1I R2I
I

R1I

RnI

o I CiI
o I , oiI RiI
o I , viI Ti I

oiI o Ij
oiI o Ij i j

 OWL Lite

A C D
R T o v

I I , ID , I I I ID I
A AI ( AI I ) D D I ( D I DI )
R RI (RI I I ) T

T I ( I ID ) o o I (o I I ) v v I (v I DI )
OWL Lite 1 2
OWL Lite

5 IETM
Web IETM
(1) OWL Lite IETM
IETM
(2) OWL Lite IETM IETM
IETM ={IETM IETM } IETM

(3) OWL Lite IETM

5.1 IETM
OWL Lite

2 IETM (1)
(2) OWL Lite 6

5.2 IETM
IETM OWL Lite IETM
IETM OWL Lite 1 2
OWL Lite SHIF(D)
TboxAbox role hierarchy

5.3
OWL Lite IETM SHIF (D)
SHIF (D) role hierarchy Abox
FaCT RACER role hierarchy Abox
FaCT RACER OWL Lite

6
IETM IETM
- 61 http://www.sjie.org/

 IETM
Tableau

REFERENCES
[1] , , , . IETM [J]. , 2004, 12: 90-96
[2] . IETM [D]. , 2006, 03: 8-16
[3] . IETMI.[D]. , 2007, 03: 51-59
[4] . IETM [D]. , 2005: 37-42
[5] . [D]. , 2008, 05: 51-53
[6] . Web [J]. , 2007, 01: 101-107
[7] http://ontoweb.ontoware.org/
[8] http:/www.w3c.org/

1968-
CALS
Email: jiangww0701@163.com

- 62 http://www.sjie.org/