Professional Documents
Culture Documents
STUDENT GUIDE
All rights reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 Passing on and copying of this document, use and communication of its contents not permitted without written authorization from Alcatel-Lucent
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring - Page 1
Empty page
Switch to notes view!
2
GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring - Page 2
Both lethal and dangerous voltages may be present within the products used herein. The user is strongly advised not to wear conductive jewelry while working on the products. Always observe all safety precautions and do not work on the equipment alone. The equipment used during this course may be electrostatic sensitive. Please observe correct anti-static precautions.
view!
2. Trade Marks
Alcatel-Lucent and MainStreet are trademarks of Alcatel-Lucent. All other trademarks, service marks and logos (Marks) are the property of their respective holders, including Alcatel-Lucent. Users are not permitted to use these Marks without the prior consent of Alcatel-Lucent or such third party owning the Mark. The absence of a Mark identifier is not a representation that a particular product or service name is not a Mark. Alcatel-Lucent assumes no responsibility for the accuracy of the information presented herein, which may be subject to change without notice.
3. Copyright
This document contains information that is proprietary to Alcatel-Lucent and may be used for training purposes only. No other use or transmission of all or any part of this document is permitted without Alcatel-Lucents written permission, and must include all copyright and other proprietary notices. No other use or transmission of all or any part of its contents may be used, copied, disclosed or conveyed to any party in any manner whatsoever without prior written permission from Alcatel-Lucent. Use or transmission of all or any part of this document in violation of any applicable legislation is hereby expressly prohibited. User obtains no rights in the information or in any product, process, technology or trademark which it includes or describes, and is expressly prohibited from modifying the information or creating derivative works without the express written consent of AlcatelLucent.
GSM B11 All rights reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
4. Disclaimer
In no event will Alcatel-Lucent be liable for any direct, indirect, special, incidental or consequential damages, including lost profits, lost business or lost data, resulting from the use of or reliance upon the information, whether or not Alcatel-Lucent has been advised of the possibility of such damages. Mention of non-Alcatel-Lucent products or services is for information purposes only and constitutes neither an endorsement, nor a recommendation. This course is intended to train the student about the overall look, feel, and use of Alcatel-Lucent products. The information contained herein is representational only. In the interest of file size, simplicity, and compatibility and, in some cases, due to contractual limitations, certain compromises have been made and therefore some features are not entirely accurate. Please refer to technical practices supplied by Alcatel-Lucent for current information concerning Alcatel-Lucent equipment and its operation, or contact your nearest Alcatel-Lucent representative for more information. The Alcatel-Lucent products described or used herein are presented for demonstration and training purposes only. Alcatel-Lucent disclaims any warranties in connection with the products as used and described in the courses or the related documentation, whether express, implied, or statutory. Alcatel-Lucent specifically disclaims all implied warranties, including warranties of merchantability, non-infringement and fitness for a particular purpose, or arising from a course of dealing, usage or trade practice. Alcatel-Lucent is not responsible for any failures caused by: server errors, misdirected or redirected transmissions, failed internet connections, interruptions, any computer virus or any other technical defect, whether human or technical in nature
5. Governing Law
The products, documentation and information contained herein, as well as these Terms of Use and Legal Notices are governed by the laws of France, excluding its conflict of law rules. If any provision of these Terms of Use and Legal Notices, or the application thereof to any person or circumstances, is held invalid for any reason, unenforceable including, but not limited to, the warranty disclaimers and liability limitations, then such provision shall be deemed superseded by a valid, enforceable provision that matches, as closely as possible, the original provision, and the other provisions of these Terms of Use and Legal Notices shall remain in full force and effect.
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring - Page 3
Blank Page
Switch to notes view!
4
GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring - Page 4
Course Outline
1.About B11 GSM QoS Monitoring This Course Course outline 1. Introduction 3JK12191AAAAWBZZA
Technical support 2. Indicators Overview 3JK12192AAAAWBZZA 5. Topic/Section is Positioned Here Course objectives
6. Topic/Section is Positioned Here 4. Communication Phase Here 3JK12194AAAAWBZZA 1. Topic/Section is Positioned Xxx 5. Handover Indicators 3JK12195AAAAWBZZA Xxx 7. Topic/Section is Positioned Here 6. Directed Retry Indicators 3JK12196AAAAWBZZA Xxx 7. RMS Indicators 3JK12197AAAAWBZZA 8. Traffic Indicators 3JK12198AAAAWBZZA 2. Topic/Section is Positioned Here 9. Case Studies 3JK12199AAAAWBZZA 3. Topic/Section Positioned Here 10. Annexesis 3JK12200AAAAWBZZA
5
GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring - Page 5
6
GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring - Page 6
Course Objectives
Switch to notes view!
Welcome to BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
BSS System, in NPO and in a protocol analyzer (K12). By the end of the course, the participant will be able to interpret : - Global indicators, in order to assess the general quality of the network - Detailed indicators, in order to detect / identify / locate the main malfunctions - Handover indicators, in order to quantify efficiency and reason of HO - Directed retry indicators, in order to quantify efficiency of directed retry - RMS indicators to ease radio optimization and fault detection - Traffic indicators, in order to detect/predict overload and compute adequate cell dimensioning as well as to understand how RTCH resources are used in the network
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010
7
GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring - Page 7
8
GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring - Page 8
Technical Reference
(1) 24.348.98 Points you to the exact section of Alcatel-Lucent Technical Practices where you can find more information on the topic being discussed.
Warning
Alerts you to instances where non-compliance could result in equipment damage or personal injury.
9
GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring - Page 9
10
GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring - Page 10
Self-assessment of Objectives
Contract number :
At the end of each Course title : Please, return this Client (Company, Center) :
section you will be asked to fill this questionnaire sheet to the trainer at the end of the training
Dates from : Location : to :
Language Switch :
to notes view!
Did you meet the following objectives ? Tick the corresponding box Please, return this sheet to the trainer at the end of the training
Yes (or globally yes) No (or globally no)
Comments
2
11
GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring - Page 11
12
GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
Other comments
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring - Page 12
Module 1 Introduction
GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring TMO18096 D0 SG DEN I1.0 Issue 1
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12191AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 1 Page 1
Blank Page
112
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Introduction GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
Document History Edition 01 Date 29-June-2010 Author Xavier Pourtauborde Remarks First edition, B11 MR1
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12191AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 1 Page 2
Module Objectives
Upon completion of this module, you should be able to:
Explain what is QoS and Traffic Load monitoring of the BSS Explain what are the information sources available for that purpose
113
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Introduction GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12191AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 1 Page 3
114
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Introduction GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12191AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 1 Page 4
Table of Contents
Switch to notes view!
1 Monitoring the QoS of the BSS Definition Scope of Work 2 Monitoring the Traffic Load of the BSS Definition 3 Information Sources Available Observation Tools Interface Trace Example of Abis & A Traces Example of Traces Post-Processing Example of Drive-Test Performance Measurement Counters Exercise Alcatel-Lucent BSS Counters BSS Counter Example Exercise 4 Introduction to K1205 PC Emulation Usage Measurement Scenarios Screen Filter Configuration Monitor Screen Extract a Call Call Extraction All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 115 Exercise B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Introduction GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring 5 Indicators Definition BSS Indicators Definition (Alcatel-Lucent) Typical KPI for BSS Typical KPI for Drive-tests Typical Thresholds Typical KPI Report 6 Methodological Precautions Objective Network Element Aggregation Global Indicator Validity Time Period Aggregation Exercise Self-assessment on the Objectives End of Module Page 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 16 17 18 20 21 22 23 24 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12191AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 1 Page 5
116
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Introduction GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12191AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 1 Page 6
117
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Introduction GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12191AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 1 Page 7
Definition
118
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Introduction GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12191AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 1 Page 8
Scope of Work
BSS equipments & interfaces are all running efficiently (no alarms, no critical situation)
Management can characterize the network and deploy operational teams accordingly
119
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Introduction GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12191AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 1 Page 9
1 1 10
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Introduction GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12191AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 1 Page 10
Definition
BTS
BSC
Circuit Core Network
BTS
MSC/VLR
GPRS backbone
GGSN
BSC BTS
MFS
SGSN
IP Network
1 1 11
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Introduction GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12191AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 1 Page 11
1 1 12
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Introduction GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12191AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 1 Page 12
Observation Tools
(Performance Measurements)
Counters
OMC-R
NPO
BTS
BTS
GGSN
BTS
cf. PM file snapshot in the comments
1 1 13
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Introduction GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010
IP Network
9153-RA OMC-R: Operation and Maintenance Center Radio. 9159 NPO: Network Performance Optimizer, replace NPA + RNO since B10 onwards. Extract from a PM File in OBSYNT format, from 17:00 to 17:30.
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12191AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 1 Page 13
BTS
BSC Circuit Core Network GGSN GPRS backbone MFS SGSN IP Network
BTS
MSC/VLR
BSC BTS
1 1 14
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Introduction GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12191AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 1 Page 14
Drive-tests
BTS
MSC/VLR
BSC BTS
1 1 15
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Introduction GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12191AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 1 Page 15
Interface Trace
Interface
A Interface
Information source
Capture/decode signaling between MSC and BSC-TC (A or Ater MUX) with "protocol analyzer" (Wandel, Tektronix, Gnnettest, etc.)
Advantages
GSM standard, can be used for arbitrage between manufacturers Complete information (message contents, time-stamp) Possible detection of User/MS/BSS/TC/NSS problems
Drawbacks
High cost of equipment Time consuming, "post mortem" (installation of tool, file analysis) Expertise needed for analysis Low coverage (K1103/MA10: 8 COCs, K1205/MPA: 32 COCs maximum!) Large amount of data (>> 10 Mbytes /hour/BSC) High cost of equipment Time consuming, "post mortem" (installation of tool, file analysis) Important expertise needed for analysis Very low coverage (A few RSLs, a few cell(s)) Very large amount of data (>> 10 Mbytes/hour/BTS) High cost of equipment Very time-consuming Difficulty to perform a lot of calls -> number of samples insufficient -> only a few streets No uplink
Abis Interface
Capture/decode signaling between BSC and BTS with "protocol analyzer" (Wandel, Tektronix, Gnnettest, etc.)
Complete information (message contents, time-stamp) Possible detection of User/MS/BSS/TC/NSS problems Complete radio information thanks to measurement messages Downlink and uplink
Air interface
Give precise location (x,y) of problems Give downlink radio information Only way to localize a lack of coverage Only way to monitor competitor
1 1 16
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Introduction GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
A interface : The main advantage of the A interface is to allow the detection of Call Setup failures either due to the User or to the NSS (or PSTN). Some typical user failure causes are: IMSI Unknown in VLR IMSI Unknown in HLR IMEI Not Accepted PLMN Not Allowed Service Option Not Supported Requested Service Not Supported Unassigned Number Operator Determined Barring User Alerting Facility Not Subscribed No Route to Destination Normal Call Clearing User Busy Invalid Number Format Call Reject Interworking Normal Unspecified Some typical NSS failure causes are: Temporary Failure Resource Unavailable Switching Equipment Congestion Normal Unspecified Recovery on Timer Expiry Call Reject Interworking Protocol Error Network Failure Congestion
CAUTION: In order to assess the QoS of a BSS or some cells of a BSS, all N7 links between this BSC and the MSC must be traced. Indeed, as the N7 signaling load is spread over all N7 links, signaling messages relating to one call can be conveyed on any of the active N7 links. K1103 protocol analyzer can trace up to 8 COCs at the same time but on maximum 4 PCM physical links. K1205 protocol analyzer can trace up to 32 COCs at the same time but on maximum 16 PCM physical links. Abis interface : The main advantage of the Abis trace is to allow a detailed and precise assessment of the radio quality of a cell at TRX level. Both DL and UL paths can be observed and compared. Air Interface : The main advantage of the Air trace is to assiciate a radio quality measurements to a given geographical area of the network. From B7 release, the RMS feature implemented in the BSS provides a good level of information allowing to reduce the number of Abis traces and drive test to be done for radio network optimization.
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12191AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 1 Page 16
1 1 17
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Introduction GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12191AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 1 Page 17
Visibility / Services
1 1 18
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Introduction GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12191AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 1 Page 18
View at BSC level Detailed call analysis shows that a group of subscribers owning the same handset keep trying a LU every 2s
1 1 19
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Introduction GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
Quality of handsets depending on various indicators (drops, call setup failures, etc.)
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12191AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 1 Page 19
Example of Drive-Test
1 1 20
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Introduction GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12191AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 1 Page 20
1 1 21
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Introduction GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
The main advantage of the BSS counters is to provide easily QoS data for permanent QoS monitoring.
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12191AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 1 Page 21
Exercise
Draw the BSS PM counters flow on the chart In which sub-system are the BSS QoS indicators computed and stored?
BSC
OMC-R
BSC
OMC-R
NPO
BSC
OMC-R
1 1 22
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Introduction GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12191AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 1 Page 22
Principle:
For a given duration (granularity period) typically 1 hour or hour To count pre-defined events occurring on the Abis or A interface, or internal events. Counters stored with breakdown per network component (i.e. cell)
About 1100 counters are available (only for GSM). Action: Open the GSM PM Counters database (MS-ACCESS format)
1 1 23
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Introduction GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
Alcatel-Lucent has chosen to implement PM counters in the BSC and to increment them mostly on Abis interface signaling messages. Other suppliers may have chosen to increment them on A interface signaling messages or to implement them in the BTS. Therefore caution should be taken when interpreting QoS indicators value since some discrepancies may be observed due to these possible choices. In order to provide the operators with an easy and cost-effective way to monitor their network and carried traffic, BSS manufacturers have implemented specific software features, called performance management. The principle is to count for a given duration called granularity period (typically 1 hour) pre-defined events occurring on the Abis or A interface, or internally. These counters are stored for each duration, with breakdown per network component (i.e. cell).
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12191AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 1 Page 23
Counter Reference
Counter Name
1 1 24
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Introduction GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12191AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 1 Page 24
ts available 15 ts 10 ts 5 ts O 20 40 60 80
1 1 25
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Introduction GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010
At the end of the hour: 180 samples every 20s Hourly value = SUM of sample /180
t
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12191AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 1 Page 25
Exercise
Best source
Counters
Why
Type 31 : RMS
1 1 26
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Introduction GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
EM: Electro-Magnetic
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12191AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 1 Page 26
1 1 27
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Introduction GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12191AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 1 Page 27
Usage
Practical exercises will be done during the course using this software The following slides and exercises are here to teach you the basic skill needed to operate the tool for A Interface decoding
1 1 28
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Introduction GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12191AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 1 Page 28
To Toenter enterin in monitoring monitoringmode modeto to analyze analyzethe the AAtrace trace To Tofilter filterthe themain main GSM protocols GSM protocolsand and messages messages To Toselect selectbinary binary trace tracefile file
1 1 29
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Introduction GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
1. Start the K1205 Protocol Tester application. 2. In the Recording File box: click on the Open button and select the "PAIB29.rec" file. 3. Select all displayed N7 logical links (corresponding to 4 PCMs in this case). 4. Click on the Browse button and select gsm2_A.stk in the gsm2 sub-directory (corresponding to the GSM Phase 2 A interface protocol stack). 5. Click on OK. 6. Click on the Monitor box to display the content of the recorded trace.
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12191AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 1 Page 29
Filter Configuration
Configure your filter to remove some messages and protocols => Bypass Protocol Filter and select:
ANNEX 4
1 1 30
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Introduction GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
The ANNEX 4 introduces some basics on the GSM protocol layers that will be traced for the A interface analysis. UDT: Unit Data (for Signaling Control Point) Remove Paging information
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12191AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 1 Page 30
Monitor Screen
1 1 31
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Introduction GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12191AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 1 Page 31
Extract a Call
1 1 32
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Introduction GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
At call setup, the first signaling message on the A interface is sent by the BSC to the MSC in order to set up a logical link (called SCCP connection) between the BSS and the NSS. Both BSS and NSS entities choose a unique reference which has to be used by the other party to identify the SCCP connection on which the messages are conveyed. Both BSS reference (xxx) and NSS reference (yyy) are exchanged during the SCCP Connection Request and Connection Confirm phases. After that only the reference of the other party is used.
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12191AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 1 Page 32
Call Extraction
Then
1 1 33
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Introduction GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
Click on the Filter button and filter out all protocol layers and messages except:
all DTAP messages, all BSSMAP messages except "Paging, SCCP CR (Connection Request) and CC (Connection Confirm) messages.
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12191AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 1 Page 33
Exercise
1 1 34
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Introduction GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12191AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 1 Page 34
5 Indicators Definition
1 1 35
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Introduction GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12191AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 1 Page 35
5 Indicators Definition
Formula of counters
Call_drop_BSS RTCH_Erlang_Total = = = = (Drops BSS Int. Fail. + Drops BSS Remote TC) (MC14c + MC739) (Occupancy RTCH) / 3600 (MC380a + MC380b) / 3600
1 1 36
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Introduction GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12191AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 1 Page 36
5 Indicators Definition
Call drop % Rate of calls dropped after successful assignment E2E Call Set-Up Success % B11 Rate of call setups successfully Outgoing Handover Success % Rate of successful outgoing external and internal intercell SDCCH and TCH handovers TCH congestion % Rate of RTCH not allocated during normal assignment due to congestion on Air interface. SDCCH unsuccess % Rate of SDCCH not allocated during radio link establishment due to congestion, radio problems or other problems.
1 1 37
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Introduction GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12191AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 1 Page 37
5 Indicators Definition
Call Establishment Success Rate Rate of DL RxQual samples < 3 Rate of DL RxLev samples > -80dBm (beware of power control) Voice Quality (MOS)
1 1 38
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Introduction GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12191AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 1 Page 38
5 Indicators Definition
Typical Thresholds
1 1 39
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Introduction GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
Contractual threshold: can be requested by the operator management to the operational radio team, can be requested by the operator to the provider on swap or network installation Quality threshold: fixed internally by radio team management.
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12191AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 1 Page 39
5 Indicators Definition
Observe this report from NPO. Is this cell below typical CSSR threshold?
Call success - CELL2G: cell00301_03017 (301/3017) ( 999/F77/301/3017 ) - 01/07/2009 To 07/07/2009 (Working Zone: Training - Medium)
99.5% Assign Unsucc 99.% % Call drop SDCCH drop % End to End Call setup % Call success % Call setup 98.%
98.5%
97.5%
1 1 40
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Introduction GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12191AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 1 Page 40
6 Methodological Precautions
1 1 41
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Introduction GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12191AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 1 Page 41
6 Methodological Precautions
Objective
a BSC with CDR = 1% not all cells in the BSC are good ! a Cell with CSSR = 99% for one day not all hours are good !
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010
1 1 42
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Introduction GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12191AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 1 Page 42
6 Methodological Precautions
cell 1 cell 2 cell 3 cell 4 cell 5 cell 6 cell 7 cell 8 cell 9 cell 10
number of calls number of call drop call drop rate 390 8 2,10% 546 29 5,25% 637 20 3,10% 1029 12 1,14% 536 3 0,50% 2 1 50,00% 3 1 33,00% 210 4 2,11% 432 5 1,20% 321 4 1,11% 9,95% 2,10%
1 1 43
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Introduction GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12191AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 1 Page 43
6 Methodological Precautions
To be reliable, an indicator must be based on a sufficient number of events. Estimation theory gives a fresh look on our KPI:
If displayed CDR = 2%, but nb of calls =
Nb Calls 10 100 200 400 600 1000 2000 3000 5000 10000 Max 10.7% 4.7% 3.9% 3.4% 3.1% 2.9% 2.6% 2.5% 2.4% 2.3% Min 0.0% 0.0% 0.1% 0.6% 0.9% 1.1% 1.4% 1.5% 1.6% 1.7%
If a sample (number of calls) is too small, then the indicator doesn't represent a statistical reality but just a random occurrence of events.
1 1 44
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Introduction GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010
if p is the probability of success for a complete population if one is measuring the probability P based on a sample of size N P +/- 1.96*[(p*(1-p))/n]
There is a probability of 95 % that p is between: Example: for p = 90 % and N = 100 => [ 84,12% ; 95,88% ]
On Alcatel-Lucent QoS monitoring tool (MPM application on OMC-R, NPA or RNO), NEs (BSS, Cell or TRX) are highlighted with bad QoS indicator value if enough corresponding events have been observed (called Validity threshold). Examples:
Cells with bad Call Drop rate will be highlighted if CDR > CDR_threshold and if the Number of Calls is greater than the CDR Validity threshold.
Cells with bad Outgoing handover success rate will be highlighted if OHOSUR > OHOSUR_threshold and if the Number of Outgoing Handovers is greater than the OHO Validity threshold.
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12191AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 1 Page 44
6 Methodological Precautions
1 1 45
BSC
max bh
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Introduction GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
Usually:
Cell Busy Hour = hour of the day where max TCH traffic (in erlang) is observed. BSC Busy Hour = hour of the day where max TCH traffic (as the sum of the TCH traffic of all cells of the BSS) is observed.
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12191AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 1 Page 45
6 Methodological Precautions
Exercise
Is
Indicator
Call drop = 0,9% in your country Call setup success for cell 15, 145 = 99,5% In Paris: 2500 cells with 95% of call setup success In the rest of France: 5000 cells with 98% Call drop rate for BSS <<BSS_1>> = 1% Call drop for cell 156,13 = 5% For BSS 1, call drop of 2% For BSS 2, call drop of 3% MSC <<Stadium>> has a call setup success of 95%
Conclusion
All the cells have a good call drop There is a good call setup success rate for cell 15, 145 In France, call setup success= 97% The call drop for BSS_1 is good Cell 15, 13 has certainly a trouble LA = BSS1+BSS2 has a call drop of 2.3% BSS1 belonging to MSC Stadium has a call setup success of 95%
OK / NOK ?
NOK
1 1 46
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Introduction GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12191AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 1 Page 46
Please be reminded to fill in the form Self-Assessment on the Objectives for this module The form can be found in the first part of this course documentation
1 1 47
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Introduction GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12191AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 1 Page 47
1 1 48
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Introduction GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12191AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 1 Page 48
GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring TMO18096 D0 SG DEN I1.0 Issue 1
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12192AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 2 Page 1
Blank Page
122
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Indicators Overview GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
Document History Edition 01 Date 29-June-2010 Author Xavier Pourtauborde Remarks First edition B11 MR1
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12192AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 2 Page 2
Module Objectives
Upon completion of this module, you should be able to:
Explain what is a detailed indicator and what are the different classifications of the detailed indicators provided by the Alcatel-Lucent BSS
123
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Indicators Overview GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12192AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 2 Page 3
124
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Indicators Overview GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12192AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 2 Page 4
Table of Contents
Switch to notes view!
1 Indicators Reference Name Description 2 Indicators Classification BSS Counter Collection Mechanism BSS Performance Measurement Types Classification of GSM Indicators Formalism of Telecom Procedures SDCCH Traffic TCH Traffic QoS SDCCH QoS RTCH QoS Call Statistics Handover Causes Outgoing Handovers Incoming Handovers Intracell Handovers Handover Statistics per Couple of Cells Self-assessment on the Objectives End of Module Page 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
125
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Indicators Overview GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12192AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 2 Page 5
126
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Indicators Overview GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12192AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 2 Page 6
127
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Indicators Overview GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12192AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 2 Page 7
Description
B11
Family
Unit
mandatory
Technology
Procedure Prefix
Type
Joker Sub-type
optional
128
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Indicators Overview GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12192AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 2 Page 8
2 Indicators Classification
129
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Indicators Overview GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12192AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 2 Page 9
2 Indicators Classification
Cumulative
The counter is incremented at the occurrence of a specific event. Abis or A message, or internal event. At the end of a collection period, the result is the sum of the events.
Inspection
Every 20 or 10 seconds, a task quantifies an internal resource status (usually a table). At the end of a collection period, the result is the mean value.
Observation
Set of recorded information about a telecom procedure (handover, channel release, UL & DL measurements reporting).
1 2 10
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Indicators Overview GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12192AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 2 Page 10
2 Indicators Classification
B11
Limitations 40 cells 40 cells 40 cells 40 cells 40 cells 40 cells Since
Name Traffic meas. Resource availability meas. Resource usage on CCCH meas. Resource usage on SDCCH meas. Resource usage on TCH meas. TCH HO meas. LapD meas. X25 meas. N7 meas. SDCCH obs. TCH meas. obs. Internal HO obs. Incoming external HO obs. Outgoing external HO obs. TCH observation A interface meas. SMS PP meas. SCCP meas. TCH outgoing HO per adj. meas. 2G TCH incoming HO per adj. meas. SDCCH HO Directed retry meas. SMS CB meas. Radio Measurement Statistics Change of frequency band meas. Electro-Magnetic Emission Voice Group Call Services IP transport Overview meas. 2G Traffic flow meas.
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010
40 cells 1 cell
B8 B9 B9 B11
A standard PM type can be activated for the whole network. It means that the related counters are reported for all the Network Elements they are implemented on (TRX, CELL, N7 link, X25 link, LAPD link, Adjacency). A detailed PM type can be activated only on a sub-set of the network. It means that the related counters are reported only for a limited number of Network Elements:
40 cells per BSS for PM types 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 26, 29 15 cells per BSS for PM types 10, 12, 13, 14, 15 1 cell per BSS for PM types 11, 27 Cyz: cumulative or inspection counters in PM types 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 18, 19, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 32, 180 Ly.z: cumulative counters in PM type 7 (L stands for LAPD link) Xy.z: cumulative counters in PM type 8 (X stands for X25 link) Ny.z: cumulative counters in PM type 9 (N stands for N7 link) Syz: observation counters in PM type 10 (S stands for SDCCH) Ryz:: observation counters in PM type 11 (R stands for Radio measurements) HOyz: observation counters in PM type 12, 13, 14 (HO stands for HandOver) Tyz: observation counters in PM type 15 (T stands for TCH) RMSyz: cumulative counters in PM type 31 (RMS stands for Radio Measurement Statistics) MCyz or MNy.z: cumulative counters in PM type 110 (M stands for Major)
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12192AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 2 Page 11
2 Indicators Classification
Traffic load
Global QoS
Handover
Resource availability
Densification techniques
HO causes SDCCH SDCCH TCH RTCH SCCP Outgoing HO Incoming HO Intracell HO SDCCH/TCH HO Couple of cell Inter-PLMN HO Control Channels
1 2 12
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Indicators Overview GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
Dynamic SDCCH
Directed retry
SDCCH availability
Concentric cells
RTCH availability
Call statistics
3G to 2G HO
A Channel availability
Multiband
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12192AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 2 Page 12
2 Indicators Classification
resource available in the BSC PREPARATION phase Telecom procedure -whose channel is ALLOCATED in BSC channel activation failure - BSS problem - NSS problem
channel activation success assignment/HO execution failure Telecom procedure -ATTEMPT the MS has seized the channel Telecom procedure -SUCCESS (end) Success Rate = Efficiency Rate Unsuccessful Rate Failure Rate
1 2 13
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Indicators Overview GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
EXECUTION phase
- radio link failure - handover execution failure (with or without reversion to the old channel) - BSS problem - NSS problem - radio link failure - BSS problem - NSS problem
(Success) / (Request) = (Success) / (Allocated) = (Preparation & Execution Failures) / (Request) = (Failure) / (Request)
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12192AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 2 Page 13
2 Indicators Classification
SDCCH Traffic
SDCCH Traffic
Handover
1 2 14
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Indicators Overview GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
distribution of SDCCH connection success (MO and MT connections versus all MO+MT connections, type of MO connections versus all MO connection types).
The MS penetration rate section includes the indicator for percentage of multiband MS SDCCH access (except LU) versus all MS SDCCH accesses. The Resource occupancy section includes indicators for:
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12192AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 2 Page 14
2 Indicators Classification
TCH Traffic
Traffic Model
Resource Occupancy TCH Erlang Full Rate Erlang Full Rate Allocated Full Rate Mean TCH Time Blocking Peak TCH Multiband Occupancy Half Rate Erlang Half Rate Allocated Half Rate Mean TCH Time Ratio of HR Traffic
REQUESTS
FR, DR, DR/EFR, AMR, DATA
HO PER CALL
1 2 15
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Indicators Overview GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
The Speech Version and Channel Type section includes indicators for:
distribution of TCH allocation requests (FR/DR/DR+EFR/AMR/DATA). distribution of TCH allocation successes (FR/DR/DR+EFR/AMR/DATA). rate of TCH AMR allocation successes. rate of TFO calls versus all speech calls.
number of TCH connection requests and successes (Normal Assignment, HO, DR). rate of TCH allocation successes for HO+DR versus all TCH allocations (NA+HO+DR). number of HOs per call.
RTCH traffic in Erlang (FR+HR, FR, HR, multiband). average duration in seconds of RTCH channel usage (FR+HR, FR, HR). number of TCH FR allocations and number of TCH HR allocations. rate of TCH HR allocations versus all TCH allocations (FR+HR). TCH peak of blocking (TCH congestion time).
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12192AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 2 Page 15
2 Indicators Classification
QoS SDCCH
SDCCH
Established Phase
Congestion Drop Rate Unsuccess Radio Failure Access Reject Drop Radio BSS Failure Drop HO Drop BSS
Dynamic Allocation
1 2 16
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Indicators Overview GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12192AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 2 Page 16
2 Indicators Classification
QoS RTCH
RTCH
Preemption Phase
PVI =1 Success
Assign Queued
Radio Failure
BSS Failure
Success Failure
Directed Retry
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010
1 2 17
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Indicators Overview GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12192AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 2 Page 17
2 Indicators Classification
Call Drop
Call Setup Success Rate Call Success Rate Cell Quality Factor Absolute Cell Quality Factor Relative Drop Radio
Drop HO
Drop BSS
Preemption
Transcoder
Failure
1 2 18
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Indicators Overview GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12192AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 2 Page 18
2 Indicators Classification
Handover Causes
HO causes
Outgoing HO All HO cause distribution HO standard cause distribution HO cause category distribution
Incoming HO
Fast traffic HO taken into account type of counter for dual band HO
1 2 19
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Indicators Overview GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12192AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 2 Page 19
2 Indicators Classification
Outgoing Handovers
Outgoing HO
Intra-BSC
External
Success Rate
Efficiency
Efficiency
Efficiency
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12192AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 2 Page 20
2 Indicators Classification
Incoming Handovers
Incoming HO
External
Efficiency
Efficiency
Efficiency
Congestion
Congestion
Failure Radio
Failure No CIC
Failure BSS
Failure Radio
Failure BSS
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12192AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 2 Page 21
2 Indicators Classification
Intracell Handovers
Intracell HO
Efficiency
Congestion
Failure BSS
1 2 22
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Indicators Overview GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12192AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 2 Page 22
2 Indicators Classification
Efficiency
Success Rate
HO Success Distribution
1 2 23
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Indicators Overview GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12192AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 2 Page 23
Please be reminded to fill in the form Self-Assessment on the Objectives for this module The form can be found in the first part of this course documentation
1 2 24
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Indicators Overview GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12192AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 2 Page 24
1 2 25
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Indicators Overview GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12192AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 2 Page 25
GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring TMO18096 D0 SG DEN I1.0 Issue 1
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12193AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 3 Page 1
Blank Page
132
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Call Establishment GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
Document History Edition 01 Date 28-june-10 Author Xavier Pourtauborde Remarks First edition B11 MR1
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12193AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 3 Page 2
Module Objectives
Upon completion of this module, you should be able to:
Explain what is a Global indicator and what are the main BSS indicators regarding GSM services provided by the Alcatel-Lucent BSS
133
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Call Establishment GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12193AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 3 Page 3
134
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Call Establishment GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12193AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 3 Page 4
Table of Contents
Switch to notes view!
1 Call Setup Principles Objective Call Setup Procedure 1/2 Call Setup Procedure 2/2 Call Setup phasing Paging Successful Paging Procedure Paging Discarded due to PCH Congestion Paging Coordination Paging Request, Air Interface 2 Typical Call Setup Failures RLE Originated Call Success RLE Terminated Call Success RLE - Channel Request Message RLE Call Distribution RLE - SDCCH Congestion Failure RLE - SDCCH Congestion RLE - SDCCH Congestion RLE - SDCCH Cong. Impacts RLE - SDCCH Cong. Causes & Solutions RLE Dynamic SDCCH RLE - SDCCH Radio Failure RLE - Real SDCCH Radio Failures All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 135 RLE - Ghost RACH B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Call Establishment GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring RLE - Ghost RACH Causes RLE Same BCCH-BSIC couple (Channel Req.) RLE Same freq-BSIC couple (HO Access) RLE - BSS Failure RLE - Summary RLE - Indicators Convention SDCCH Phase Originated Call Success SDCCH Phase Terminated Call Success SDCCH Phase Location Update Success SDCCH Phase - Drops SDCCH Phase - Radio Drop SDCCH Phase - BSS Drop SDCCH Phase - HO drop SDCCH Phase - Counters SDCCH Phase - Indicators SDCCH Phase - Exercise TCH Assignment Success Case TCH Assignment Phase Split TCH Assignment MS Capabilities TCH Assignment - Congestion TCH Assignment Exercise TCH Assignment - Radio Failure in TCH Uplink TCH Assignment - Radio Failure in TCH Downlink TCH Assignment - Radio Failure at T3107 expiry TCH Assignment - BSS Problem TCH Assignment - Counters TCH Assignment - Indicators TCH Assignment - Exercise 3 Key Performance Indicators Reminder Page 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 29 30 31 32 33 35 36 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12193AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 3 Page 5
136
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Call Establishment GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12193AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 3 Page 6
137
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Call Establishment GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12193AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 3 Page 7
Objective
Description of the main call setup success and failures cases, with:
Main specific counters Main protocol timers
Diagnose the main case of failures on A interface traces using the K1205 emulation software
138
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Call Establishment GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12193AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 3 Page 8
CCCH
Channel Request (RACH) Immediate Assignment (AGCH) Establish Indication "CM Service Request" MM Authentication Procedure
Call Setup
MM Identity Request
SDCCH
MM/RR Ciphering Procedure MM/RR TMSI Reallocation Procedure CC Setup CC Call Proceeding
Security Checks
Phase
Subscription Checking (calling party rights, call barring) Translation of the Called Number Assignment Request (CIC)
TCH
Assignment Complete
139
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Call Establishment GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12193AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 3 Page 9
If Called Nb = MSISDN
TCH
Conversation phase
ISUP CLF
ISUP RLG
1 3 10
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Call Establishment GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
Steps of a Basic SS7 Call: 1) The caller takes the phone "off-hook", dial the destination number. The subscriber signaling pass this information to the local calling office. 2) The local originating office which use SS7, encapsulates the dialed number and the CPC (calling Party Category) information in to the first signal IAM (Initial Address Message) to setup the call to the destination office. In some cases IAM can be replaced with IAI (Initial Address Message with Additional Information) to pass more information. 3) On the route to the destination each receiving office checks the DPC (Destination Point Code) with its own Point Code to see if the message is destined to itself. If not it transfers the message to the next office in the route. When the destination office finally receives the IAM or IAI, it checks the subscriber number to see if it's free. If free then sends back the ACM (Address Complete Message). 4) At this point, the voice circuit is opened, ring back tone is put on the circuit back to the caller and ringing current is sent to the dialled number's phone. 5) When the called subscriber answers, the destination switching office sends back ANC (Address Charge Message) to the first office to begin call charging. 6) When the conversation is over, to release the call circuit, the originating switching office sends CLF (Clear Forward) and the destination switching office sends back the RLG (Release Guard) signals.
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12193AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 3 Page 10
Each phase has a specific utility and some weaknesses In the table, indicate which phases are used for each type of connection:
CALL SETUP PHASES Signalling Signalling (LU, CALL SETUP PHASES IMSI Det) 1 Radio Link Establisment 1 Radio Link Establisment 2 SDCCH Phase 2 Phase 3 SDCCH TCH Assignment 3 Assignment 4 TCH Alerting/Connection 4 Alerting/Connection
SMS SMS
1 3 11
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Call Establishment GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12193AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 3 Page 11
Paging
MS is "IMSI-attached" to the network: the MSC/VLR knows the L.A. in which the MS is located.
BSC 1 MSC
LAC 001
ISUP IAM
BSC 2
CS PAG LAC 002 LAC 002 PAGING COMMAND to each cell in the LAC 002
1 3 12
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Call Establishment GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
L.A.: Location Area (LAC: Location Area Code) In the CS PAG (CS-Paging) message, the LAC that should be paged is included.
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12193AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 3 Page 12
MC8a
MC925b MC925b
T3113
Connection Setup
MC01
timer stopped
Since B10, BSC can send Multiple Paging Command MSC sends a PAGING message and starts the timer T3113 to supervise the PAGING RESPONSE message from the MS. T3113 is started for each Paging ! The MSC may repeat the PAGING message if no answer arrives before T3113 expiry. The BSC starts T_SEND_MULTIPLE_PAGING_CMD timer (assumed to be not yet running) when the first PAGING message (MS1) is received. When the number of PAGING messages queued in the BSC equals NB_MAX_MSG_MULTIPLE_PAGING_CMD, or at T_SEND_MULTIPLE_PAGING_CMD expiry: Multiple Paging Command is built and send to the cells.
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12193AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 3 Page 13
MC8a
T3113
MC925h x 1
1 3 14
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Call Establishment GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12193AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 3 Page 14
Paging Coordination
B11
For MS in Packet Transfer Mode, the BSC is able to forward the paging to the MFS ! EN_BSS_PAGING_COORDINATION = ENABLE
CS PAG IMSI
Paging PCH
1
Pa g gin SL /R G g/
BSC
CH
T C
MSC
TB
g in Pa
HLR
H DC CH) P n AC (+P
MFS
IMSI vs. MS Context
SGSN
the BSC sends the paging either to the BTS or to the MFS, not both.
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12193AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 3 Page 15
B11
MS
BTS
T_SEND_MULTIPLE_PAGING_COMMAND
(50ms)
BSC
MFS
PAGING (MS1) PAGING (MS2) PAGING (MS3)
MSC
MC930 MC925g x3
Paging Req (pgr 2, IMSI 1) Paging Req (pgr 8, IMSI 2 & 3) PACCH PACCH Multiple Paging Command (IMSI 1~3, pgr k)
OR
(5)
P390a x 3
IMSI 3 not in PTM Packet Paging Req (IMSI 1) GCH GCH Packet Paging Req (IMSI 2) GCH GCH
P390b P390b
1 3 16
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Call Establishment GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
To monitor GSL Load, use the following counters: Type 7 L2.7 : TIME_GSL_LAPD_CONG Type 110 MC960 : NB_DISCARDED_PS_CHAN_REQD_BECAUSE_GSL_CONGESTION Type 110 MC1067 : AVG_NB_MSG_IN_GSL_QUEUE etc.
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12193AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 3 Page 16
Depending on how the MS is identified by the MSC, the Paging Request is built by the BTS using a certain type:
Paging Request Type 1 Max. paged MS 2 IMSI or TMSI or 2 x TMSI or 2 x IMSI or 1 TMSI + 1 IMSI Type 2 3 Type 3 4
Possible combinations
most common
1 3 17
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Call Establishment GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
In this table, TMSI can be replaced by P-TMSI (in case of PS Paging). A PS Paging can be merged with a CS Paging.
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12193AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 3 Page 17
1 3 18
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Call Establishment GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12193AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 3 Page 18
MC925d
MC02
The SDCCH resource allocation is performed by the BSC. Once allocated, the SDCCH channel is activated by the BTS on BSC request. T3101 is the guard timer for the SDCCH access from the MS. The Default value is 3 seconds. The SCCP Connection Request message is conveyed on an A interface PCM timeslot chosen by the BSC (called COC). The SCCP Connection Confirm message is conveyed on a COC chosen by the MSC which can be located on a different PCM than the one of the COC used by the BSC to send signaling messages to the MSC. Originating + Destination Point Codes : N7 physical address Originating + Destination References : Coc (call signalling) reference between MSC and BSC Multiple SACCH Modify (New in B10) : request to send ASAP some system information messages that should be updated when the MS moves from Idle Mode to Dedicated Mode (usually, the SI5, with the list of neighbours).
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12193AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 3 Page 19
MC8a
MC01
A paging message is broadcast by the MSC to all BSCs controlling cells belonging to the same Location Area as the one of the paged MS. In case no MS is accessing the SDCCH channel (T3101 expiry) then the BSC does not repeat the Immediate Assignment since the MS may have accessed an SDCCH in another BSS. It is up to the MSC to repeat Paging if T3113 expires (usually around 7 seconds). MC8A counts the number of Paging Command messages sent on a cell. MC01 counts the number of MSs which have successfully accessed an SDCCH in a cell as part of a Mobile Terminating (MT) call. CR: Complete L3 Info
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12193AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 3 Page 20
1 3 21
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Call Establishment GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
NECI: New Establishment Cause Indication (0: not supported, 1: supported) Answer to Paging:
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12193AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 3 Page 21
1 3 22
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Call Establishment GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
Call Re-establishment (3GPP 24.008, 4.5.1.6) The re-establishment takes place when a lower layer failure occurs and at least one MM connection is active (i.e.. the mobile station's MM sublayer is either in state 6 "MM CONNECTION ACTIVE" or state 20 "WAIT FOR ADDITIONAL OUTGOING MM CONNECTION"). Supplementary services (SS) in GSM are a means of enriching the user experience. An SS may, for example, forward a call in the case of no reply from the called party, bar certain outgoing or incoming calls, show the number of the calling party to the called party, etc. The subscription to supplementary services is contained in the HLR and is sent to the MSC/VLR during registration. Name identication Calling name presentation (CNAP) Call forwarding Call forwarding unconditional (CFU) Call forwarding busy (CFB) Call forwarding no reply (CFNRY) Call forwarding not reachable (CFNRC) etc.
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12193AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 3 Page 22
LapD Problem
The major errors during RLE are the following. Only some of them are described in this course. 1. SDCCH congestion: That is to say there are no SDCCH available in the cell. 2. Expiry of T9103: Caused by non reception of the CHANNEL ACTIVATION ACKNOWLEDGE or NEGATIVE ACKNOWLEDGE during the channel activation procedure. 3. CHANNEL ACTIVATION NEGATIVE ACKNOWLEDGE reception: During the channel activation procedure. 4. Expiry of T3101: Caused by the non reception of an ESTABLISH INDICATION with a layer 3 message during the immediate assignment procedure. 5. Expiry of T9105: Caused by non reception of SCCP N-CONNECT CONFIRM or SCCP N-DISCONNECT INDICATION during the SCCP connection establishment procedure. 6. Reception of SCCP N-DISCONNECT INDICATION during the SCCP connection establishment procedure: Caused by non answer from MSC or reception of CREF during the SCCP connection establishment procedure.
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12193AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 3 Page 23
MC8c (130ms)
1
T3120
MC04 Time during which the SDCCH are all busy in the cell: SDCCH_time_system_con gestion = MC803 MC803
MC8c
T3120
2
T3126
MS goes back to IDLE MODE & displays "Network Error"
1 3 24
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Call Establishment GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010
T3120 is computed by the MS as a random number of slots between: * 250 and 250+T-1 for a phase 1 MS where: T=Tx_integer parameter (1 value per cell chosen between 3 to 50 slots) * S and T+S for a phase 2 MS where: T=Tx_integer parameter (1 value per cell chosen between 3 to 50 slots, with 1 slot = 0.577ms) S is a parameter depending on the CCCH configuration and on the value of Tx_integer as defined in the following table: TX_integer 3, 8, 14, 50 4, 9, 16 5, 10, 20 6, 11, 25 7, 12, 32 S(CCCH Not Comb) 55 76 109 163 217 S(CCCH Combined) 41 52 58 86 115
By default Tx_integer=32, then S=217. Therefore T3120 is between 125ms and 144ms. T3126 is MS dependent, greater than T3120 but less than 5s. After T3126 expiry, MS display "Network Error", except in case of LU, in which case the MS attempts to reselect another cell and repeat the procedure. All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010
3JK12193AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 3 Page 24
MC8c
WI_OC
(=5s)
1
MC04 Time during which the SDCCH are all busy in the cell: SDCCH_time_system_con gestion = MC803 MC803
MC8c
WI_OC
2
T3126
MS goes back to IDLE MODE & displays "Network Error"
1 3 25
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Call Establishment GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010
WI_CR: Value of Wait Indication for Establishment cause = Call Re-establishment. WI_DTM: Value of Wait Indication for DTM requests WI_EC: Value of Wait Indication for Establishment cause = Emergency call. WI_OC: Value of Wait Indication for Establishment cause = Originating call. WI_OP: Value of Wait Indication for Establishment cause = Location updating or Other procedures which can be completed with an SDCCH. Wait indication used in IMMEDIATE ASSIGNMENT REJECT or PACKET ACCESS REJECT, when not in PMU CPU overload situation. Wait indication used in IMMEDIATE ASSIGNMENT REJECT or PACKET ACCESS REJECT, when in PMU CPU overload situation.
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12193AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 3 Page 25
After MS finished its "n" automatic attempts, what is the next step ? Displays "Network Error"
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12193AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 3 Page 26
Location area border results in excessive location update and SDCCH attempt
Inadequate LA design (too many LA's, or cell defined with wrong LAC value) Modify CRH (Cell Reselect Hysteresis) Increase T3212 (period location update) Road is crossing LAC border Increase SDCCH capacity
1 3 27
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Call Establishment GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
SDCCH congestion can be too high because of the subscribers' traffic demand in terms of calls / LUs. Solution = add a TRX or site / redesign the LA plan High SDCCH congestion can be observed at peculiar period of the day due to a peak of LU requests generated by a big group of subscribers entering a new LA at the same time (bus, train, plane). Solution = redesign the LA plan or play on radio parameters (CELL_RESELECT_HYSTERESIS, WI_OP) High SDCCH congestion can be abnormally observed without real MS traffic in case a high level of noise or the proximity of a non-GSM radio transmitter. Solution = change the BCCH frequency or put an RX filter High SDCCH congestion can also be abnormally observed in a cell in case one of its neighboring cell is barred. Solution = Remove the barring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12193AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 3 Page 27
Cha
EM
se Noi
The Ghosts !
Real Subscribers
1 3 28
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Call Establishment GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12193AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 3 Page 28
Some timeslots are configured as "SDD" BSC configures the SDD as TCH, unless all static SDCCH are busy.
Particularly adapted to cells with peaks of LU or SMS.
MC8c
CHANNEL ACTIVATION
If no SDCCH currently free, verify if SDD can be reconfigured as SDCCH/8 If Successful, then
MC148
MC801a Avg TCH busy on a SDD MC801b Max TCH busy on a SDD
MC802a Avg SDCCH subchannels busy on a SDD MC802b Max SDCCH subchannels busy on a SDD
1 3 29
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Call Establishment GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
SDD possible in all TRX except first TRX if m-CCCH is enabled ! SPECIFIC COUNTERS (Type 110 / Cell Level):
& MC802 counters are Inspection Counters; that means that the resource is checked regulary by the BSC and at the end of the period, an average is done. Example: 3 physical channels are defined as Dyn SDCCH and the counter gives the following indication:
MC801a
MC801
= 1.7 that means sometimes the 3 Dyn SD are allocated as TCH, sometimes only 2 of them, sometimes 1 or 0 and the average is 1.7.
The FOLLOWING COUNTERS ARE IMPACTED BY the Dynamic SDCCH Allocation feature:
MC28, MC29 The Number of busy radio timeslots in TCH usage takes into account the busy TCH timeslots and the dynamic SDCCH/8 timeslots allocated as TCH.
C30, MC31 The Number of busy SDCCH sub-channels takes into account the SDCCH sub-channels allocated on the static and dynamic SDCCH/8 timeslots. C370a, MC370a, C370b, MC370b The Number of times the radio timeslots are allocated for TCH usage (FR / HR) takes into account the busy TCH timeslots and the dynamic SDCCH/8 timeslots allocated as TCH. C/MC380a/b C/MC381a/b The Cumulated time (in second) the radio timeslots are allocated for TCH usage (FR or HR) does not take care whether the TCHs are allocated on the TCH radio timeslot or on the dynamic SDCCH/8 timeslots.
C39, MC390, C40, MC400 The Number of times or the Cumulated time (in second) the SDCCH sub-channels are busy does not take care whether the SDCCH sub-channels are allocated on the static or dynamic SDCCH/x timeslot.
C/MC34 C/MC380 The Cumulated time (in second) all TCHs / SDCCHs in the cell are busy does not take care whether the TCHs / SDCCHs are allocated on the TCH radio timeslot /SDCCH/x timeslot or on the dynamic SDCCH/8 timeslots. C/MC320a/b/c/d/e Free TCH radio timeslots count the free TCH timeslots and the free dynamic SDCCH/8 timeslots.
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12193AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 3 Page 29
MC925d
MC149
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12193AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 3 Page 30
1 3 31
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Call Establishment GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
AGCH RACH
Channel Request
Bad coverage:
building
BTS
Access Grant
RACH
Interference:
AGCH lost
DL interference area
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12193AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 3 Page 31
Synonyms: "Phantom/Ghost/Spurious/Dummy ... RACH" Channel request received, but not sent by a MS. Why?
Electro-Magnetic Noise decoding within BTS Reception of channel request sent to a neighboring cell Reception of HO_ACCESS sent to a neighboring cell MS has already performed a HO to another cell MS has already reselected another cell MS is already busy replying to its first channel request Electro-Magnetic Noise from external interferer
Some tips to diagnose Ghost RACH: 1. Dummy Rach load depends on minimum level for decoding configured in BTS 2. During period with low real traffic (night), high rate of dummy RACH 3. For dummy RACH, the channel required has a random value of TA
1 3 32
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Call Establishment GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010
Some of those reasons are "Real" ghost (= noise) Others have a known and predictable cause
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12193AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 3 Page 32
1 3 33
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Call Establishment GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
For this Channel Required, the establishment cause is valid (Call re-establishment) but the Access Delay (corresponding to the distance between the MS and the BTS) is high. Indeed the Access Delay being equal to the Timing Advance is coded in slot unit representing a distance of 550m. It can take values from 0 (0m) to 63 (35km). Thus the Channel Required above is received from an MS located at 19km from the site. It may therefore be rather a ghost RACH than a real MS which wants to re-establish a call. In Alcatel-Lucent BSS, it is possible to filter the Channel Required received from a distance greater than a distance defined as a parameter value: RACH_TA_FILTER tunable on a per-cell basis. Caution should be taken since a too low value may reduce the network coverage.
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12193AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 3 Page 33
If Abis over Satellite, round-trip time (RTT) is about 540ms The MS autonomously repeats the Channel Request a second time
CHANNEL REQUEST (1) CHANNEL REQUIRED (1) RTT CHANNEL REQUEST (2) Ch. Act.
Ch. Act. Ack.
The CHANNEL REQUEST (2) is followed by Channel Required, Ch. Act, Ch SLOT" Act Ack STRUCTURE of the MULTIFRAME in "TIME 0 but they are not represented here. Only the Immediate Assignment(2) is shown. Round-Trip Delay (Non-combined BCCH)
R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R -
UPLINK
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 20 21 31 41 51 1 f s b b b b C C C C f s C C C C C C C C f s C C C C C C C C f s C C C C C C C C f s C C C C C C C C - f s
(Multiframes of 51 frames)
C C C C = CCCH (PCH or AGCH)
f = FCCH
s = SCH
DOWNLINK b = BCCH
R = RACH
(Combined BCCH)
DOWNLINK FS FS B B C C FS FS C C C C F S F S D0 D0 D1 D1 F S F S D2 D2 D3 D3 FS FS A0 A2 A1 A3 -
UPLINK D3 D3 RR RR A2 A0 A3 A1 RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR RRRR RR RRRRR RRRRRRRRRRR R C = CCCH (PCH or AGCH) D0 D0 D1 D1 RR RR D2 D2 Dn/An = SDCCH/SACCH/4
R = RACH
Subscriber not impacted (the real setup is performed elsewhere) But MC149 incremented in far cell (SDCCH_assign_fail_radio_rate) A simple radio planning rule is sufficient to avoid the trouble "2 cells must not have the same BCCH/BSIC couple nearby"
include BSIC
TB 8
Synchronization sequence 41
Encrypted bits 36
TB 3
GP 68,25
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12193AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 3 Page 35
Same idea with worse impact MS doesn't send one HO Access but four!
include BSIC
TB 8
Synchronization sequence 41
Encrypted bits 36
TB 3
GP 68,25
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12193AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 3 Page 36
The BSC receives a CHANNEL REQUEST and a SDCCH sub-channel is available. BSC allocates the SDCCH for that request.
For how long is this SDCCH subchannel reserved? It is not reserved! WI_xx T3101 = 3 seconds (def.) T3212 T9103 What is the impact on indicators of cell 019 ? No impact SDCCH_assign_req increases SDCCH_assign_success decreases SDCCH_assign_fail_radio_rate increases SDCCH_assign_cong_rate increases
1 3 37
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Call Establishment GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12193AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 3 Page 37
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12193AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 3 Page 38
RLE - Summary
REQUEST
invalid causes
Radio Link Establishment
Request MC8C unknown unknown MC04 unknown MC148 MC149 MC148 - (MC01+MC02) - MC149 MC01+MC02
Preparation
SUCCESS
Execution
1 3 39
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Call Establishment GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12193AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 3 Page 39
RLE - Indicators
In this graph, important informations are missing, which ones? Congestion ! And the Unsuccess %
1 3 40
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Call Establishment GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12193AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 3 Page 40
Convention
REQUEST
Preparation Phase SDCCH_assign _unsuccess_rate SDCCH_assign _cong_rate
ATTEMPT
Execution Phase
SDCCH_assign _fail_rate
SUCCESS
Fill up the table with indicators to monitor each phase
1 3 41
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Call Establishment GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12193AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 3 Page 41
AUTHENTICATION REQUEST AUTHENTICATION RESPONSE CIPHER MODE Command CIPHER MODE Complete IDENTITY REQUEST IDENTITY RESPONSE TMSI REALLOC Command TMSI REALLOC Complete CALL SETUP CALL PROCEEDING
1 3 42
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Call Establishment GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
DTAP : Direct Transfer Application Part, used for 3 purposes: DTAP - RR: Radio Resources DTAP - MM: Mobility Management DTAP - CC: Call Control http://www.acacia-net.com/wwwcla/protocol/gsma.htm
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12193AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 3 Page 42
AUTHENTICATION REQUEST AUTHENTICATION RESPONSE CIPHER MODE Command CIPHER MODE Complete IDENTITY REQUEST IDENTITY RESPONSE TMSI REALLOC Command TMSI REALLOC Complete CALL SETUP CALL CONFIRM
1 3 43
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Call Establishment GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
DTAP : Direct Transfer Application Part, used for 3 purposes: DTAP - RR: Radio Resources DTAP - MM: Mobility Management DTAP - CC: Call Control http://www.acacia-net.com/wwwcla/protocol/gsma.htm
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12193AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 3 Page 43
CLASSMARK ENQUIRY CLASSMARK CHANGE AUTHENTICATION REQUEST AUTHENTICATION RESPONSE CIPHER MODE Command CIPHER MODE Complete IDENTITY REQUEST IDENTITY RESPONSE LOCATION UPDATE Accept TMSI REALLOC Complete CLASSMARK Update
TMSI changed
1 3 44
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Call Establishment GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
BSS_SEND_CM_ENQUIRY This flag is set by O&M to inform the BSC the conditions in which to send the CLASSMARK ENQUIRY message to the MS. The parameter has three defined values : 0 The CLASSMARK ENQUIRY is never initiated by the BSC 1 On reception of a LU REQUEST with ES IND flag is set to 0, the BSC will always initiate a CLASSMARK ENQUIRY.
2
On reception of a LU REQUEST with ES IND flag is set to 0, the BSC will initiate the CLASSMARK ENQUIRY only if algorithm A5/1 is not available (information available in MS classmark 1 IE sent in the LOCATION UPDATING REQUEST).
The MS classmark data is collected and stored by the Alcatel BSS and is used in almost all the procedures performed by the Alcatel BS. The MS classmark data collected by the BSS classmark handling entity is: - the MS revision level, - the MS ciphering capabilities which are supported by the BSS, - the MS frequency capabilities which are supported by the BSS, - the MS RF power capabilities in every frequency band supported by the MS and the BSS, - the MS classmark handling capabilities - the MS Utran classmark
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12193AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 3 Page 44
No dedicated counters for success case In case of failure, the word to use is "drop"
It is a loss of connection during active transfer
1 3 45
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Call Establishment GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
Generally SDCCH handovers are disabled in the network since the average SDCCH duration is only around 2 to 3 seconds (parameter SDCCH_HO, with 0: SDCCH HO enabled, 1: SDCCH HO disabled)
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12193AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 3 Page 45
Radio connection lost ---------------------------------------------------- > MC138 MC138 CONNECTION FAILURE INDICATION (cause : radio link failure) C180d --------------------------------------- > CLEAR REQUEST Cause : radio interface failure
1 3 46
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Call Establishment GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
MC138 counts the number of SDCCH channel drops due to radio problems. Radio problems can be due to coverage, interference and sometimes BSS dysfunction which is not detected as a system alarm by the O&M Fault Management application. MC138 is triggered when either: 1/ RADIOLINK TIMEOUT reaches "0" in the BTS (generating a Connection Failure Indication "Radio link failure") Default setting = 18 SACCH = 8.64s. 2/ or, LApD link failure, after (N200+1) * T200 seconds (24 * 220ms = 5.28s)
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12193AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 3 Page 46
MS
BTS
MSC
MC137 MC137
1 3 47
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Call Establishment GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
MC137 counts the number of SDCCH channel drops due to BSS problems. A BSS problem can be a BTS/BSC hardware or software failure, or an O&M action on the DTC board. It can also be due to a problem on the Abis interface (due to Micro Wave transmission for instance). Triggers: 1) LapD failure detected during the stable phase of an SDCCH transaction. 2) SDCCH was released due to 48.058 ERROR REPORT with any cause value being received during the stable phase of an SDCCH transaction (ciphering problems, or any other problem detected by the TRX). 3) Telecom Supervisory module caused the call to be cleared. 4) SDCCH was released due to 0180 CLEAR_CMD message being received from BSSAP during the stable phase of an SDCCH transaction : O&M has disabled the DTC
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12193AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 3 Page 47
MS
BTS
MSC
MC07
T3103 expiry !!
MC07
C180a
MC07 counts the number of SDCCH channel drops due to handover failure. Internal inter-cell SDCCH handover: whenever the timer supervising the handover procedure (T3103) expires.
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12193AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 3 Page 48
Normal release
SDCCH drop
Drop radio Drop BSS
What are the cases of "normal release"? End of the Location Update, IMSI Detach, SMS, SS procedures.
Drop HO
SDCCH Phase
SDCCH connection MC01+MC02+MC10 Drop radio Drop BSS Drop HO MC138 MC137 MC07
SDCCH Drop
1 3 49
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Call Establishment GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12193AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 3 Page 49
1 3 50
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Call Establishment GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
Refer to BSS - DEFINITION OF QUALITY OF SERVICE INDICATORS: GLOBAL Quality of service INDICATORS > SDCCH > Established phase
GSDCDR: SDCCH drop rate (Global) GSDCDRR: SDCCH drop rate due to radio problem GSDCDBR: SDCCH drop rate due to BSS Problem GSDCDHR: SDCCH drop rate due to HO failure
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12193AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 3 Page 50
1 3 51
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Call Establishment GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12193AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 3 Page 51
B11
MC140a
PHYSICAL CONTEXT REQ. PHYSICAL CONTEXT CNF. CHANNEL ACTIVATION CHANNEL ACTIVATION ACK. ASSIGNMENT COMMAND
ASSIGNMENT REQUEST
Trr1
SDCCH
TCH
ESTABLISH INDICATION
1 3 52
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Call Establishment GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
RMS31: counted by the TRX, Whenever an ESTABLISH INDICATION message is received from the MS to indicate the activation of a TCH channel for normal assignment or handover. Beware it is a RMS counter, it is measured during the daily RMS campaign only. B11 MR2: ATER CONNECT REQUEST / ACK in case of "IP BSS" and the call setup in a TDM BTS. The call will still be carried by an AterMux nibble, rather than the IP backhaul.
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12193AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 3 Page 52
This is a reduced view of the message flow, showing only messages triggering counters. Locate the preparation and the execution phase. Link them to their indicators.
MC140a
CHANNEL ACTIVATION
ASSIGNMENT REQUEST
MC703
ASSIGNMENT COMMAND
MC140b
MC718
RTCH_assign_success = SUCCESS
1 3 53
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Call Establishment GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
Preparation phase: preparation of the resources, ends with a message SENT over the Air interface Execution phase: validation that the new radio channel allows communication in both directions
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12193AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 3 Page 53
B11
NPO
Thanks to those counters, it is possible to count how many MS can support certain features
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010
1 3 54
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Call Establishment GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12193AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 3 Page 54
B11
MC140b
no TCH available in the cell
ASSIGNMENT REQUEST
MC612a/b/c/d
MC612 a.
Queue is disabled (by parameters) or not required by MSC MC612 b. Queue is full (BTS_Q_LENGTH reached), or 9130 BSC's CCP is full (MAX_TCH_PER_CCP is reached), or IP Abis is congested B11 MR2 MC612 c. Request stayed in the Queue too long (T11 or T11_FORCED expired) MC612 d. Request is preempted by a high-priority request
1 3 55
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Call Establishment GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12193AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 3 Page 55
Using NPO or the Indicator Dictionary, propose indicators & methods to start the investigation in a cell.
RTCH_assign_cong_rate = 15%
1 2
too much traffic? TCH traffic BH per TRX TCH traffic BH per cell RTCH traffic load Ratio of HR Ratio of AMR HR TCH Queuing indicators Solutions: Add TRX Activate HR Share load with other cells
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12193AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 3 Page 56
MC140a
PHYSICAL CONTEXT REQ. PHYSICAL CONTEXT CNF. CHANNEL ACTIVATION SDCCH in DL still probably OK CHANNEL ACTIVATION ACK. ASSIGNMENT COMMAND
ASSIGNMENT REQUEST
Trr1
SDCCH
MC703
MC140b
T3107
SABM (FACCH)
TCH
x x
SDCCH
ESTABLISH INDICATION UA
stop MC746b
ASSIGNMENT FAILURE Radio interface failure ASSIGNMENT REQUEST
ASSIGNMENT FAILURE
expiry
1 3 57
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Call Establishment GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
MC746B counts the number of TCH access failures due to radio problems. The MC746B counter is implemented at TRX level. In case of TCH access failure, the MS will try to revert back to the SDCCH channel. Whether it succeeds in reverting to the SDCCH or not the call establishment fails. On the other hand, some MSCs may resend the ASSIGNMENT REQUEST again.
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12193AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 3 Page 57
MC140a
PHYSICAL CONTEXT REQ. PHYSICAL CONTEXT CNF. CHANNEL ACTIVATION SDCCH in DL still probably OK CHANNEL ACTIVATION ACK. ASSIGNMENT COMMAND
ASSIGNMENT REQUEST
Trr1
SDCCH
MC703
MC140b
T3107
SABM (FACCH)
TCH
RMS31 (*)
SDCCH
stop MC746b
ASSIGNMENT FAILURE Radio interface failure ASSIGNMENT REQUEST
ASSIGNMENT FAILURE
expiry
1 3 58
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Call Establishment GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12193AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 3 Page 58
MC140a
PHYSICAL CONTEXT REQ. PHYSICAL CONTEXT CNF. CHANNEL ACTIVATION SDCCH in DL still probably OK CHANNEL ACTIVATION ACK. ASSIGNMENT COMMAND
ASSIGNMENT REQUEST
Trr1
SDCCH
MC703
MC140b
T3107 (14s)
SABM (FACCH)
TCH
x x
SDCCH
x x
expiry MC746b
ASSIGNMENT FAILURE Radio interface failure ASSIGNMENT REQUEST
expiry
1 3 59
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Call Establishment GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12193AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 3 Page 59
No specific counter
Computed from the missing data
1 3 60
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Call Establishment GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12193AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 3 Page 60
REQUEST
Preparation Failure
Radio access failure BSS problem TCH Assignment Preparation Request Congestion BSS Pb Execution Attempt Radio Access Failure BSS Pb Success
1 3 61
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Call Establishment GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12193AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 3 Page 61
Assignment indicators
1 3 62
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Call Establishment GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
Report: Alc_Mono_Call
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12193AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 3 Page 62
1 3 63
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Call Establishment GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12193AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 3 Page 63
1 3 64
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Call Establishment GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12193AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 3 Page 64
Reminder
1 3 65
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Call Establishment GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12193AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 3 Page 65
Formulae
(MC04) / SDCCH ASSIGN REQUESTS
Threshold 5%
Comments
Check SDCCH Erlang if not critical: - SDCCH availability/allocation problem, - Or HO access on a nearby cell side effect or interference on the carrier handling SDCCH (the last 2 can lead to high rate of phantom RACH )
Unit %
1 3 66
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Call Establishment GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
SDCCH ASSIGN REQUESTS Number of SDCCH seizure requests during radio link establishment procedure cell (MC148 + MC04) This includes requests rejected due to congestion on SDCCH SDNARQN UNIT
Number
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12193AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 3 Page 66
CONGESTION rate
SDCCH Assign Congestion - CELL2G: BA1046_1 (128/10461) ( 220/F05/128/10461 ) - 02/03/2009 00 00:00 To 02/03/2009 23 23:00 (Working Zone: Global - Medium)
5000 4500 4000 3500 3000 nb 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 00 00:00 01 01:00 02 02:00 03 03:00 04 04:00 05 05:00 06 06:00 07 07:00 08 08:00 09 09:00 10 10:00 11 11:00 12 12:00 13 13:00 14 14:00 15 15:00 16 16:00 17 17:00 18 18:00 19 19:00 20 20:00 21 21:00 22 22:00 23 23:00 0.00% 0.01% 0.01% 0.02% % Congestion Request % Congestion 0.02% 0.03%
1 3 67
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Call Establishment GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
Refer to BSS - DEFINITION OF QUALITY OF SERVICE INDICATORS: GLOBAL Quality of service INDICATORS > SDCCH > Assignment phase GSDNACGR: SDCCH assignment failure rate due to congestion (Global)
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12193AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 3 Page 67
Formulae
MC149 + SDCCH_assign_fail_BSS / SDCCH ASSIGN REQUESTS
Threshold 5%
Comments
Check SDCCH Erlang if not critical: - SDCCH availability/allocation problem, - Or HO access on a nearby cell side effect or interference on the carrier handling SDCCH (the last 2 can lead to high rate of phantom RACH )
Unit %
1 3 68
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Call Establishment GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
SDCCH ASSIGN REQUESTS Number of SDCCH seizure requests during radio link establishment procedure cell (MC148 + MC04) This includes requests rejected due to congestion on SDCCH SDNARQN UNIT
Number
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12193AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 3 Page 68
nb
1 3 69
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Call Establishment GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
Refer to BSS - DEFINITION OF QUALITY OF SERVICE INDICATORS: GLOBAL Quality of service INDICATORS > SDCCH > Assignment phase
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12193AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 3 Page 69
Rate of dropped SDCCH (SDCCH is established for any transaction OC, TC, LU,etc.)
1 3 70
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Call Establishment GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
SDCCH ASSIGN SUCCESS Total number of SDCCHs successfully seized by mobile during radio link establishment procedure cell (MC01 + MC02)
SDNASUN
UNIT
Number
In a dense network, SDCCH drop rate should be lower than 1%. Indeed the probablity to drop a radio link when the MS is on SDCCH is less than on TCH since the SDCCH phase is shorter (less than 5 seconds) than TCH phase (duration of a call = several tens of seconds).
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12193AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 3 Page 70
60 50 40
2.5%
1.5% nb 30 1.% 20 10 0 00 00:00 01 01:00 02 02:00 03 03:00 04 04:00 05 05:00 06 06:00 07 07:00 08 08:00 09 09:00 10 10:00 11 11:00 12 12:00 13 13:00 14 14:00 15 15:00 16 16:00 17 17:00 18 18:00 19 19:00 20 20:00 21 21:00 22 22:00 23 23:00 0.5%
0.%
1 3 71
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Call Establishment GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12193AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 3 Page 71
1 3 72
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Call Establishment GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
In a dense network, the TCH assignment unsuccess rate should be lower than 1%.
IN D IC A T O R D E F IN IT IO N FO RM U LA B8 TH R ESH O LD CO M M ENT M C 1 4 0 a : n e w c o u n te r in tr o d u c e d in B 8 re le a s e . M C 1 4 0 a (ty p e 1 1 0 ) : N B _ T C H _ N O R _ A S S _ R E Q th a t in d ic a te s th e n u m b e r o f n o r m a l a s s ig n m e n t re q u e s ts f o r T C H e s ta b lis h m e n t ( in H R o r F R u s a g e ) TCNARQN U N IT N um ber T C H A S S IG N R E Q U E S T S N u m b e r o f T C H s e iz u r e re q u e s ts fo r n o r m a l a s s ig n m e n t p r o c e d u re .
c e ll
M C 140a
REF NAM E
TCH ASSIGN SUCCESS Number of TCH successfully seized by MS for normal assignment procedure. TRX (M C718)
TCNASUN
UNIT
Number
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12193AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 3 Page 72
1 3 73
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Call Establishment GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
00
02
04
06
08
10
12
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12193AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 3 Page 73
14
16
18
20
22
2.5%
2.% Exe Fail BSS 1.5% Fail Radio % Success % Exe Fail BSS % Fail Radio 0.5%
nb
0.%
10 :0 0
14 :0 0
12 :0 0
16 :0 0
18 :0 0
04 :0 0
00 :0 0
06 :0 0
02 :0 0
08 :0 0
16
10
04
06
1 3 74
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Call Establishment GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
00
02
08
12
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12193AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 3 Page 74
14
18
20
22
20 :0 0
22 :0 0
Call_cong_rate
Indeed, a HO congestion leads to another HO attempt, not to a call failure Therefore, RTCH_Assign_Cong_Rate is the best image of "end user"-congestion
1 3 75
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Call Establishment GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
This counter intends to give a measurement of the TCH congestion of the whole network. It is implemented on the Alcatel-Lucent tools but other indicators can be defined.
RTCH_assign_cong
new:MC812, old:MC812
HO_Inc_cong = HO_Inc_MSC_cong + HO_Inc_BSC_cong RTCH_assign_request = new:MC140a-(MC142e+MC142f), old:MC140a-(MC142e+MC142f) RTCH_HO_allocated = new:MC15b + MC15a, old:MC15b + MC15a HO_Inc_cong = HO_Inc_MSC_cong + HO_Inc_BSC_cong
Note: The congestion counted in those indicators is linked to the following issues:
1) all TCH are busy and no TCH could be allocated for the request 2) or the CCP board in the MX-BSC reaches the limit MAX_TCH_PER_CCP (default = 1000)
MC926 : Number of TCH channel allocation rejected for cause : Maximum TCH processing capacity of CCP reached Whenever a TCH cannot be allocated due to the TCH processing capacity of CCP reaches the limit defined by the MAX_TCH_PER_CCP parameter.
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12193AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 3 Page 75
BSC
ESTAB IND (CM_Serv_Req)
MSC
SDCCH assignment success SCCP CON REQ (CM_Serv_Req) SCCP CON CONFIRM
Authentification Procedure Identification Procedure Ciphering Procedure SDCCH Drop incl. Call, SMS, LU IMSI Detach, etc
CONNECT ACK.
1 3 76
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Call Establishment GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
GQSEECSSR
will always be smaller than the GQSCSSR, because all failures due to NSS are now taking into account. They were not counted in the CSSR.
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12193AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 3 Page 76
Call_setup_success _rate
95%
SDCCH assignment unsuccesses are not considered in CSSR as : ghost (spurious) RACH cannot be discriminated from a real access failure effect of re-attempts performed autonomously by the MS cannot be quantified
GQSCSSR
CALL SETUP SUCCESS rate: Rate of calls going until TCH successful assignment, that is not interrupted by SDCCH DROP neither by Assignment failures The second most important indicator Used to compare PLMN Subscriber: call not established at the first attempt Beware: call setup failures due to a lack of coverage are not taken into account in this indicator!! No way to quantify them (as there is no initial access)
1 3 77
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Call Establishment GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
Ghost Racks which correspond to a valid establishment cause are not identified by the BSS. Therefore they can lead to a high SDCCH assignment failure rate if they are too numerous. As the end user is not impacted by this phenomenon if no SDCCH congestion is induced, the SDCCH assignment phase is not considered in the computation of the Call Setup Success rate provided by Alcatel-Lucent tools. In a dense network, the Call Setup Success Rate should be greater than 98%. The SDCCH congestion rate should also be considered to have a complete picture of Call Setup efficiency.
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12193AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 3 Page 77
Indicator
Formulae
Comments
Unit
Call_success_rate
92%
GQSCCR
CALL SUCCESS rate: Rate of calls going until normal release , that is not interrupted by SDCCH DROP, neither by Assignment Failures nor by CALL DROP 1 call success = 1 call successfully established Without any call drop
1 3 78
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Call Establishment GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
In a dense network, the Call Setup Success Rate should be greater than 97%.
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12193AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 3 Page 78
BSC
ESTAB IND (CM_Serv_Req)
MSC
SDCCH assignment success SCCP CON REQ (CM_Serv_Req) SCCP CON CONFIRM
CONNECT ACK.
1 3 79
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Call Establishment GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
GQSEECSSR
will always be smaller than the GQSCSSR, because all failures due to NSS are now taking into account. They were not counted in the CSSR.
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12193AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 3 Page 79
Indicator
Formulae
Threshold
91%
End to End CSSR : The successes of call setup phase (between the SDCCH assignment success and the
TCH assignment success) taking into account all what can happen during this phase between MS and MSC View of the call setup success rate from the end user point-of-view. Have a global view of the end-user perceived quality of their GSM network, whatever the problems encountered. Fastest detection and correction of problems would be possible, leading to improved quality.
1 3 80
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Call Establishment GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
MC718 : Number of TCH (in HR or FR usage) normal assignment successes, per TRX (ASSIGNMENT COMPLETE). MC142e : Number of outgoing normal & forced internal directed retry (towards a TCH channel in HR or FR usage) successes. MC142f : Number of outgoing normal & forced external directed retry (towards a TCH channel in HR or FR usage) successes. MC01 : Number of immediate assignment plus SDCCH normal assignment successes for Mobile Terminating procedure (ESTABLISH INDICATION w/ PAGING RESPONSE) MC191 : Number of Mobile Terminating SMS connections on SDCCH. MC02e : ESTABLISH INDICATION w/ CM RE-ESTABLISHMENT REQUEST MC02d : ESTABLISH INDICATION w/ LOCATION UPDATING REQUEST with FORWARDING MC02f : ESTABLISH INDICATION w/ unknown causes but forwarded to MSC (= leading to TCH establishment) MC02h : ESTABLISH INDICATION w/ CM SERVICE REQUEST Normal Call or Emergency Call
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12193AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 3 Page 80
Alc_Mono_Call
CALL SETUP SUCCESS RATE CALL SUCCESS RATE END TO END CALL SETUP SUCCESS RATE
1 3 81
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Call Establishment GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
Refer to BSS - DEFINITION OF QUALITY OF SERVICE INDICATORS: GLOBAL Quality of service INDICATORS > Call statistics > Call success
GQSCSSR: Call setup success rate (Global) GQSCCR: Call success rate (Global) GQSEECSSR: End to End Call Setup Success Rate (Global)
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12193AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 3 Page 81
The main reasons for differences are: The MSC doesn't send the ASSIGNMENT REQUEST after CALL PROCEEDING
Not impacted Legacy CSSR E2E CSSR X X Degraded
2.
SDCCH Drops mostly during Location Updates & SMS & IMSI Detach
Not impacted Legacy CSSR E2E CSSR X Degraded X
1 3 82
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Call Establishment GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12193AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 3 Page 82
Please be reminded to fill in the form Self-Assessment on the Objectives for this module The form can be found in the first part of this course documentation
1 3 83
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Call Establishment GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12193AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 3 Page 83
1 3 84
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Call Establishment GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12193AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 3 Page 84
GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring TMO18096 D0 SG DEN I1.0 Issue 1
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12194AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 4 Page 1
Blank Page
142
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Communication Phase GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
Document History Edition 01 02 Date 2009-June 2009-July Author DIALLO POURTAUBORDE Remarks B11 features Changes in chapters structure, new exercises
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12194AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 4 Page 2
Module Objectives
Upon completion of this module, you should be able to:
Explain call drops Explain different kind of call drops Understand call drop with special radio cause
143
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Communication Phase GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12194AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 4 Page 3
144
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Communication Phase GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12194AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 4 Page 4
Table of Contents
Switch to notes view!
1 DTAP Establishment Phase TCH Phase Success TCH Phase TCH drop vs. DTAP drop 2 Call Release Overview Normal Release initiated by MSC "Drop" Release initiated by BSC 3 Call Drop Causes Radio Drop Radio Drop: Radio Link TimeOut Radio Drop: RLT with Repeated UL & DL SACCH Radio Drop: RLT with Repeated DL FACCH New Counters: RDFACCH & RSACCH Remote TC Drop BSS Internal Drop Handover Drop Preemption Drop Summary of Counters Definition Causes of CDR 4 Which KPI? Different Possibilities Call Drop Rate All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 145 RTCH B11 GSM QoS Drop Monitoring Rate Communication Phase GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring TRX RTCH Drop (*) Rate Choice of "Cell Level" KPI Choice of "High Level" KPI Alc_Mono_Call "CDR" Call Drop - Exercise 5 Call Drop with Specific Radio Causes Generalities Thresholds for Detection Counters Indicators Alc Mono Drop Causes 6 Summary of Call Setup and Call Phases BSS and User point of view Summary List of KPIs for Management List of KPIs for Monitoring 7 Traps and Restrictions of Indicators Objective CSSR & CDR Call Duration Mobility Exercise 8 Indicators Interpretation Exercise 1 Exercise 2 Exercise 2 Exercise Self-assessment on the Objectives End of Module Page 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12194AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 4 Page 5
146
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Communication Phase GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12194AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 4 Page 6
147
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Communication Phase GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12194AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 4 Page 7
ALERTING
OC
TCH
call ongoing
ALERTING
TC
TCH
call ongoing
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010
148
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Communication Phase GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
These messages are "DTAP" messages, transparent for the BSC and the BTS, and are carried over FACCH. Alerting time can last a very long time, it is not neglictible !!
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12194AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 4 Page 8
For NSS
For BSS, call drop can occur as soon as RTCH is used For NSS, call drop is counted only after CONNECT ACK = DTAP Established Phase
149
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Communication Phase GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010
For NSS, before the CONNECT ACK is still considered as a CALL SETUP FAILURE.
MS
BTS BSC M SC TCH ASSIGNMENT PHASE (O C or TC) < ----------------------------------ASSIGNM ENT REQ UEST < -------------------------------------------------------PHYSICAL CO NTEXT REQUEST -------------------------------------------------------- > PHYSICAL CO NT EXT CONFIRM < -------------------------------------------------------CHANNEL ACT IVATIO N (TCH) -------------------------------------------------------- > CHANNEL ACTIVATIO N ACKNO W LEDG E
Call Setup
TCH ---------------------- > SABM < ---------------------UA
Call Setup
Start T3107
Call phase
Call phase
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12194AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 4 Page 9
Call ongoing
call ongoing
RTCH ongoing
OC
TCH
ALERTING
2 Call Release
1 4 10
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Communication Phase GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12194AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 4 Page 10
2 Call Release
Overview
Call release in a cell = Release of the radio timeslot TCH Call release for end user = Communication with other party is finished From cell point of view, TCH is released in 3 different cases:
Call Drops
Detailed in HO chapter
1 4 11
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Communication Phase GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12194AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 4 Page 11
2 Call Release
The MSC's normal method of releasing a connection at the end of a call, LU, IMSI Detach or SMS connection (etc.)
1 4 12
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Communication Phase GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
(1) The MSC initiates the release by sending the CLEAR COMMAND. (2) The BSC releases any A Channel resources, requests the TC to release Atermux nibble-TIC connection (if there is such a connection), switches off the traffic path in the BSC and returns immediately the CLEAR COMPLETE message to the MSC. Note that the BSC will accept any CLEAR COMMAND message even if the MIE is not present or the cause is unknown. In the case where there is a channel change procedure in progress, the whereabouts of the MS is awaited before the release is initiated on Radio and A-bis. The MSC upon reception of the CLEAR COMPLETE releases any A Channel resources associated to the connection and should initiate the release of the SCCP resource. (3) The BSC starts the timer T9101 to supervise the release of the SCCP resource. (4) The MSC releases the SCCP resource by sending the SCCP RELEASED message to the BSC. The BSC stops T9101 and returns the SCCP RELEASE COMPLETE message and the SCCP resources are now considered released.
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12194AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 4 Page 12
2 Call Release
1 4 13
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Communication Phase GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
(1) The BSC detects an event, and signals the requirement to release the connection by sending the CLEAR REQUEST to the MSC, and starts the timer T9104 to supervise the procedure. (2) The MSC responds by sending a CLEAR COMMAND. The BSC stops the timer T9104, if the MS is still connected the BSC will initiate a call release scenario towards the MS and then release the resources in the BTS. (3) The BSC releases any associated A channel, Atermux nibble-TIC connection and any associated traffic path, and sends the CLEAR COMPLETE. The release of the SCCP connection is awaited. The timer T9101 is started to guard the release of the SCCP connection by the MSC. (4) The MSC, on reception of the CLEAR COMPLETE, should release any associated A channel resource and release the SCCP connection by sending the SCCP RELEASED message to the BSC. The BSC should respond with the SCCP RELEASE COMPLETE and stop T9101.
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12194AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 4 Page 13
1 4 14
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Communication Phase GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12194AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 4 Page 14
Radio Drop
TCH
x x x
MC736
CLEAR REQUEST radio interface failure
C180d
The BTS detects the radio link failure Mechanism based on several consecutive UL SACCH frames not decoded (Radiolink Timeout)
1 4 15
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Communication Phase GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
MC736 counts the number of TCH channel drops due to radio problems for non AMR calls. Similar counters exist for AMR calls (cf next slides) The MC736 counter is implemented at TRX level. Radio problems can be due to coverage, interference and sometimes BSS dysfunction which is not detected as a system alarm by the O&M Fault Management application.
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12194AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 4 Page 15
B11
Initial value of S = RADIO_LINK_TIMEOUT_BS for non-AMR calls or AMR calls with RSACCH + RDFACCH B11
if S reaches N_BSTXPWR_M, a radio link recovery is triggered (optional) if S reaches 0, a radio link failure is detected
New Radio link Timeout parameters has been introduced for AMR calls without RxACCH
RADIO_LINK_TIMEOUT_BS_AMR RADIO_LINK_TIMEOUT_AMR RLS Counter
B11
BTS
17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 09
RADIOLINK_RECOVERY_THRES (PC)
Rel-6 MS
1 4 16
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Communication Phase GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010
Bad UL SACCH
RADIOLINK_TIMEOUT_BS RADIOLINK_TIMEOUT is important because the mobile must release the radio channel first. If BTS releases the TCH, then it can be reallocated to another MS. Use RADIOLINK_TIMEOUT_BS_AMR instead of RADIOLINK_TIMEOUT_BS if: AMR (NB or WB) codec is used AND
( RSACCH is not activated by the BSC for this call OR RDFACCH is not activated by the BSC for LAPDM command frames of this call )
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12194AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 4 Page 16
B11
Acronym: RSACCH Target: AMR calls from Rel-6 onwards MS Goal: Extend coverage & reduce number of call drops, for MS Rel-6 onwards only.
The RDSACCH mechanism means that the BSS may send a DL SACCH frame twice with exactly the same contents to improve the DL SACCH performance thanks to combining in the MS. The RUSACCH mechanism means that an MS shall send upon BSS order a UL SACCH frame twice with exactly the same contents to improve the UL SACCH performance thanks to combining in the BTS. RLS Counter
RADIOLINK_TIMEOUT_BS
BTS
17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 09
Rel-6 MS
Bad UL SACCH
1 4 17
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Communication Phase GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
When a SACCH block is received: - If EN_REP_SACCH=0: If the SACCH block can be decoded, then S is incremented by 2, Else S is decremented by 1. - If EN_REP_SACCH=1: If the SACCH block can be decoded, then S is incremented by 2, Else If the second attempt to decode it after combining with the previous SACCH block, then then S is incremented by 2, Else S is decremented by 1. NB: the BTS does not know whether an UL SACCH frame is a repetition or not.
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12194AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 4 Page 17
B11
Acronym: RDFACCH Target: AMR calls from Rel-6 onwards MS Goal: Improve HO reliability for AMR calls
When the RDFACCH feature is enabled, each DL FACCH frame is sent twice with exactly the same contents If there was an unsuccessfully decoded FACCH block, a new decoding using these 2 FACCH blocks shall be performed thanks to soft combining.
H fr am e
LAPDm
TCH f ra m e
BTS
FACCH b,1
FACCH a,2
FACCH a,1
FACCH b,2
FACCH c,1
17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 09
FACCH c,2
TCH frame
TCH frame
TCH frame
TCH frame
TCH frame
TCH frame
TCH frame
TCH frame
TCH frame
Downlink
Soft combining
1 4 18
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Communication Phase GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12194AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 4 Page 18
B11
MC996
14 AMR TCH dropped during outgoing HO 13 NB_AMR_TCH_DROP_OUT_HO_TRX_RFACCH execution, for 12 which Repeated SACCH is not activated 11 10 09
TRX
1 4 19
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Communication Phase GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12194AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 4 Page 19
Remote TC Drop
TC
TCH
MC739
CLEAR REQUEST equipment failure
C180c
BTS initiates call release due to BTS-TC connection problem: Loss of TRAU synchronization is done by the TC (in UL) or by the TRX (in DL) (example above: detection by TC) Cause: Hardware failure along the TRAU path but where ?
BTS
UL TRAU
BSC
TC
ANC
TRE
SUM
Abis
TCU
DTC
Ater
TCIF
DL TRAU
MT120
1 4 20
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Communication Phase GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
MC739 counts the number of TCH channel drops due to BSS problems reported as "remote TransCoder failure". The MC739 counter is implemented at TRX level. It can usually be a bad quality of the transmission on the Abis interface (Micro Wave) or a faulty hardware component in the TransCoder or even sometimes BSS software/hardware problems. UFE: Uplink Frame Error is a field in the TRAU frame indicating a loss of synchro. T_SYNC: Timer used in the BTS to detect a loss of synchronisation between BTS and transcoder (default: 1s) A loss of frame synchronisation is assumed as soon as a single TRAU frame with a frame synchronisation error is received.
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12194AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 4 Page 20
O&M action
MC14c
TCH
C180b
Causes: O&M intervention (TRX Reset, etc.) Software failures not affecting TRAU synchronization RSL Abis timeslot failure (but TCH Abis timeslot is OK) (very rare)
1 4 21
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Communication Phase GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12194AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 4 Page 21
Handover Drop
T3103
TCH
non-AMR all
expiry
MC621
Number of non-AMR TCH drops during the execution of any TCH outgoing handover. Includes intra & inter PLMN and 2G-3G HO. Nb of outgoing TCH handover execution failures due to MS access problem without reversion of the mobile to the old channel (call drop). Includes intra & inter PLMN and 2G-3G HO.
MC714
1 4 22
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Communication Phase GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
Note: in B11 MR2, the CALL DROP HO formula is modified = MC621+MC995+MC996, instead of = MC621 This event is also counted in the set of Handover counters as an Outgoing handover failure without reversion to the old channel. HO is "failed" and leads to a call drop : 1) Inter-cell TCH handover: whenever the timer supervising the handover procedure (T3103) expires. 2) External TCH handover (2G -> 2G): whenever the timer supervising the handover procedure on the serving cell (T8) expires 3) Intra-cell TCH handover: whenever the timer supervising the handover procedure (T3107) expires. 4) 2G -> 3G HO: whenever the timer supervising the 2G-3G handover procedure on the serving cell (T3121) expires
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12194AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 4 Page 22
Preemption Drop
In this cell, no more free TCH, and 1 MS in TCH phase with pvi = 0 and priority = pl2 Another MS starts a call. In HLR, this MS has priority level = pl1 (> pl2) and pci = 1
TCH
MC921b
MC921c
1 4 23
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Communication Phase GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
MC921C counts the number of TCH channel drops due to preemption for another call to be established. The MC921C counter exists from B7 as linked to the feature Preemption.
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12194AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 4 Page 23
Summary of Counters
Normal release
Outgoing HO success
Call drop
MC718+MC717A+MC717B MC712 radio TC internal BSS HO preemption MC736 MC739 MC14C MC621 +MC995+MC996 MC921C unknown unknown
Call drop
Call drop HO
1 4 24
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Communication Phase GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12194AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 4 Page 24
Definition
Indicator Call_drop_rate
Formulae
Call_drop / RTCH_success_end
Threshold 4%
Unit %
The most important indicator Used with call setup success rate to compare PLMN Subscriber impact : call drop !!
1 4 25
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Communication Phase GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12194AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 4 Page 25
Causes of CDR
Indicators Call_drop_radio_rate Formulae MC736+MC993+MC994 / RTCH_success_end
B11
B11
Threshold
Unit %
Call_drop_HO_rate
Call_drop_remote_TC_rate
MC739 / RTCH_success_end
Call_drop_BSS_int_failure_rate
MC14c / RTCH_success_end
Call_drop_preemption_rate
MC921c / RTCH_success_end
1 4 26
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Communication Phase GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
In B11, the global formulaes of radio and HO drops have changed, but in the end, they are sill counting the same thing than before.
MC736 : NB_TCH_DROP_EST_PHAS_RLF_TRX (non AMR calls) MC621 : NB_TCH_DROP_OUT_HO_EXEC_TRX MC739 : NB_TCH_DROP_EST_PHAS_REM_TRANS_FAIL_TRX MC14c : NB_TCH_DROP_EST_PHAS_BSS_PB MC921c : NB_PREEMPTED_CALLS
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12194AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 4 Page 26
4 Which KPI?
1 4 27
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Communication Phase GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12194AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 4 Page 27
4 Which KPI?
Different Possibilities
1 4 28
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Communication Phase GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12194AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 4 Page 28
4 Which KPI?
cell n1
10 Drops
cell n2
cell S
RTCH success end = rtch assignment success + rtch incoming (HO+DR) success - rtch outgoing HO success CDR = 10 / (100 + 100 150) = 20%
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010
1 4 29
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Communication Phase GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
GQSCDN = call drop = drop radio + drop TC + drop internal BSS + drop HO + drop Preemption = MC736 + MC739 + MC14C + MC621 + MC921C GTCQHCCN = RTCH success end = assignment success + incoming (HO+DR) success - outgoing HO = MC718 + (MC717A+MC717B) - MC712
rtch incoming (HO+DR) success is also counting the intracell HO, so they are included in "rtch outgoing HO success" in this example, intracell HO = 0
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12194AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 4 Page 29
4 Which KPI?
cell n1
10 Drops
cell n2
cell S
RTCH success begin = rtch assignment success + rtch incoming (HO+DR) success - rtch intracell HO success RTDR = 10 / (100 + 100) = 5%
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010
1 4 30
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Communication Phase GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
GQSCDN = call drop = drop radio + drop TC + drop internal BSS + drop HO + drop Preemption = MC736 + MC739 + MC14C + MC621 + MC921C GTCQHCCN = RTCH success being = assignment success + incoming (HO+DR) success - outgoing HO = MC718 + (MC717A+MC717B) MC662
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12194AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 4 Page 30
4 Which KPI?
cell n1
5 Radio Drops
cell n2
RTCH success = rtch assignment success + rtch incoming (HO+DR) success TRX Radio DR = 5 / (50 + 50) = 5% (and same formula for TRC HO drops and TRX RTC drops)
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010
1 4 31
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Communication Phase GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
Number of outgoing HO cannot be counted per TRX ! Number of BSS Internal drops cannot be counted per TRX ! Therefore : not possible to have a global drop rate per TRX (only radio, rtc or HO), and not possible to take into account outgoing HO GTCQHCCN = RTCH success = assignment success + incoming (HO+DR) success (intracell, intercell) = MC718 + (MC717A+MC717B)
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12194AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 4 Page 31
4 Which KPI?
The amount of TCH's in the highway cell is about 16000 There only 3000 drops RTCH DR shows the reality ! Cell KPI is RTCH Drop Rate !
1 4 32
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Communication Phase GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
When there is only a little amount of HO transiting through the cell, the difference between CDR and RTCH DR is small.
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12194AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 4 Page 32
4 Which KPI?
The amounts of incoming HO and outgoing HO tend to be equal over a large number of cells (a BSC, a LAC, etc) Because "Inc HO" in a cell is "Out HO" in a neighbour cell Only approximation are external HO which are not "balanced" High Level KPI is Call Drop Rate !
1 4 33
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Communication Phase GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
An outgoing HO in cell A is probably an incoming HO in cell B ! Amount of TCH in the BSC = 35.000 Amount of Drops = 6.500 6.500 / 35.000 = 18.6%
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12194AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 4 Page 33
4 Which KPI?
Alc_Mono_Call "CDR"
1 4 34
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Communication Phase GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
Report : Alc_Mono_Call
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12194AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 4 Page 34
4 Which KPI?
2) Find a TCH drop due to Handover and extract the call. 3) Find a TCH drop due to TC problem and extract the call:
Can you identify PCM, CIC? How many TC PBs are there in this Trace? Any remark about PCM and CIC?
1 4 35
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Communication Phase GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12194AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 4 Page 35
1 4 36
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Communication Phase GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12194AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 4 Page 36
Generalities
Since B10
Alternative classification of call drops : the BSC tries to associate a "radio problem" (too low level, too bad quality, etc.) to each call drop. Each time a call drop happens, the BSC compares the last measurement average with all HO causes : According to HO thresholds (Telecom Parameters) If several causes are eligible, only the one with the highest priority is counted Not all drops can be classified. Sometimes the call is dropped while the last averaged measure doesn't verify a HO cause. Note: They are counted in parallel to the call drop causes studied before ! In other words:
MC928a + MC928b + MC928c + MC928d + MC928e + MC928f + MC928g + MC928h + MC928i total number of call drops
1 4 37
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Communication Phase GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12194AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 4 Page 37
AV_RANGE_HO > U_TIME_ADVANCE AV_RANGE_HO <= L_TIME_ADVANCE AV_RXQUAL-UL_HO > THR_RXQUAL_CAUSE_15 + OFFSET_RXQUAL_FH AND AV_RXLEV_UL_HO > RXLEV_UL_IH AV_RXQUAL-DL_HO > THR_RXQUAL_CAUSE_16 + OFFSET_RXQUAL_FH AND AV_RXLEV_DL_HO > RXLEV_DL_IH
Too long MS-BS distance Too short MS-BS distance Too high interference in the uplink Too high interference in the downlink
5 6 7 8
1 4 38
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Communication Phase GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
Available from B10 It can be seen in NPO (indicator call drop causes)
The BSC calculates the average value of AV_RXQUAL_UL_HO and AV_RXLEV_UL_HO as following: If window_size is full, then the average values are calculated by using the Window_Size, otherwise, the average values are calculated by using the number of received measurements.
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12194AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 4 Page 38
Counters
Shot name MC928a MC928b MC928c MC928d MC928e MC928f MC928g MC928h MC928i
1 4 39
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Communication Phase GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12194AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 4 Page 39
Indicators
Indicators
Formulae
Call_drop_DL_Interference / RTCH_success_end Call_drop_DL_Level / RTCH_success_end Call_drop_DL_Quality / RTCH_success_end Call_drop_Long_Distance / RTCH_success_end Call_drop_Other_Causes / RTCH_success_end Call_drop_Short_Distance / RTCH_success_end Call_drop_UL_Interference / RTCH_success_end Call_drop_UL_Level / RTCH_success_end Call_drop_UL_Quality / RTCH_success_end
Unit
% % % % % % % % %
1 4 40
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Communication Phase GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12194AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 4 Page 40
1.40% 1.20% 1.00% 0.80% % 0.60% 0.40% 0.20% 0.00% DL_Quality DL_Level DL_Interference UL_Quality UL_Level UL_Interference Short_Distance Other_Causes Long_Distance % Call_drop_HO % Call_drop_radio
1 4 41
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Communication Phase GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12194AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 4 Page 41
1 4 42
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Communication Phase GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12194AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 4 Page 42
Call Phases
1 Radio Link Establishment
User QoS
BSS QoS
SDCCH Assign Unsuccess Rate
2 SDCCH phase
3 TCH Assignment
5 Call phase
1 4 43
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Communication Phase GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
The indicators computation can be performed from several counters or by a simple counter mapping. Example:
call drop rate = Call Drop nb / Call nb = f(counters) call drop = Call drop nb = 1 counter
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12194AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 4 Page 43
Summary
Radio Link Establishment SDCCH Phase TCH assignment Alerting/CNX Phase Related problem - SDCCH congestion - radio problem - Dummy rach - radio problem - BSS system HW/SW pb - recovery/operator - TCH congestion - Radio problem - radio problem - HO failurew/oreversion - Transcoder failure - operator action/recovery - BSS system HW/SW pb -preemption
A interface no message
- radio interface failure - radio interface failure - O&M intervention - no radio resource avalaible Assignment Failure - Radio Interface Failure Clear Request - radio interface failure - radio interface messagefailure -equipmentfailure - O&M intervention - radio interface failure - preemption
LAPD counter "L1.18" : time during which the LapD link (= RSL) is congested
1 4 44
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Communication Phase GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010
When the BSC is congested on the downlink, some messages are discarded. This may result for example in call establishment failures, loss of paging messages or delay in handover procedures. 1 LapD counter that indicates the time an LapD link is congested is created to analyze the cause of a degraded quality of service. This counter is implemented in type 7 and thus is only available in a detailed measurement campaign.
Counter: L1.18: TIME_LAPD_CONG Definition: Time in seconds during which the LapD link is congested in transmission in the BSC.
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12194AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 4 Page 44
Next slide's exercise: List the "detailed" indicators that should be monitored constantly by "Performance Monitoring" Engineers, looking at cell level.
1 4 45
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Communication Phase GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12194AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 4 Page 45
3.
2.
RTCH Drop Rate RTCH Assign Success RTCH Drop Radio Rate RTCH Drop HO Rate RTCH Drop BSS Int Failure Rate RTCH Drop BSS Remote TC Rate RTCH Drop Preemption Rate Call Drop End User Rate B10 Call Drop Specific Causes
1 4 46
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Communication Phase GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12194AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 4 Page 46
1 4 47
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Communication Phase GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12194AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 4 Page 47
Objective
Beware of traps and restrictions about some global indicators So as to be able to provide a reliable interpretation
1 4 48
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Communication Phase GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12194AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 4 Page 48
CALL DROP
For BSS, the last stage is considered as established, although it is not the cause from a user point of view If a TCH drop occurs during this phase
for the user, it is a setup failure for the OMC-R indicators, counted as a call drop
1 4 49
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Communication Phase GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12194AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 4 Page 49
Call Duration
1 4 50
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Communication Phase GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12194AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 4 Page 50
Mobility
IMPACT OF MOBILITY
Most of drop problems are due to mobility
Usually 2/3 of calls are static (no HO will be done) For example, if 40 drops are observed for 1000 calls
40/1000 = 4% of global call drop but most of call drops are generated by "moving calls"
40/(1000*1/3) = 40/333 = 12 % of call drop rate for moving call 0 % for static call
Typical trap when comparing drive tests results with OMC-R statistics
1 4 51
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Communication Phase GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12194AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 4 Page 51
Exercise
Case
Conclusion For 1 call of 20 mins, risk of drop is 2% The call setup success rate indicator will be increased due to this problem OMC-R indicator is erronous (drive test is the reality) For moving call, call setup success rate will be about 76% For taxi, call done in taxi in this zone will be dropped at 5,1%
OK / NOK ? NOK
Global call drop : 2% In 1 BSS, some transcoders are faulty : as soon as TCH are established on these TC, they are lost
In 1 network, drive test are showing a general call drop rate of 7%. OMC-R call drop indicator is giving 2,1% In 1 network, global call setup success rate is 92%
In a pedestrian zone, 80% of calls are static measured call drop is 1,7%
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12194AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 4 Page 52
8 Indicators Interpretation
1 4 53
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Communication Phase GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12194AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 4 Page 53
8 Indicators Interpretation
Exercise 1
Is
Name SDCCH congestion rate SDCCH drop rate TCH assignment failure rate Call drop rate Call setup success rate Call success rate Efficiency of outgoing HO Efficiency of incoming HO HO cause distribution better / level / quality RTCH availability
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12194AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 4 Page 54
8 Indicators Interpretation
Exercise 2
Can
all indicators are OK? the coverage of the network is 95%? the call success of all the cells is 95% (minimum)?
1 4 55
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Communication Phase GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12194AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 4 Page 55
8 Indicators Interpretation
Exercise 2
Results
Name SDCCH congestion rate SDCCH drop rate TCH assignment failure rate Call drop rate Call setup success rate Call success rate Efficiency of outgoing HO
Value
4,6% 92%
1 4 56
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Communication Phase GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12194AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 4 Page 56
8 Indicators Interpretation
Exercise
Indicator
OK / NOK ?
Impact
1- SDCCH congestion 2- Call drop rate 3- Call success rate 4- Efficiency of outgoing HO 5- RTCH availability 6- TCH Assignment failure 7- SDCCH drop 8- HO cause distribution (ratio of better cell) 9- Call setup success rate 10- SDCCH drop rate
88% 1%
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12194AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 4 Page 57
Please be reminded to fill in the form Self-Assessment on the Objectives for this module The form can be found in the first part of this course documentation
1 4 58
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Communication Phase GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12194AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 4 Page 58
1 4 59
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Communication Phase GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12194AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 4 Page 59
GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring TMO18096 D0 SG DEN I1.0 Issue 1
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12195AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 5 Page 1
Blank Page
152
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Handover Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
Document History Edition 01 Date YYYY-MM-DD Author Last name, first name Remarks First edition
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12195AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 5 Page 2
Module Objectives
Upon completion of this module, you should be able to:
Explain what are the main Handover counters and indicators provided by the Alcatel-Lucent BSS in order to monitor the quality of handovers
153
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Handover Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12195AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 5 Page 3
154
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Handover Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12195AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 5 Page 4
Table of Contents
Switch to notes view!
1 Handovers Overview Description Types 2 Intra-Cell Handovers Intracell HO - Success Failure Causes Failure - Congestion Failure - Radio Failure with ROC Failure - Radio Failure with Drop Failure Other Drops "BSS" Main Counters 3 Internal Intercell Handovers Internal HO Success (Async) HO COMMAND message Incoming Internal HO - Failures Incoming Internal HO - Congestion Incoming Internal HO - Radio Failure Incoming Internal HO - Counters Incoming Internal HO - Indicators Outgoing Internal HO - Failures Outgoing Internal HO - Radio Failure ROC Outgoing Internal HO - Radio Failure Drop Outgoing Internal HO - Counters All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 155 Outgoing Internal HO - Indicators B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Handover Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring Intra-Cell HO / Internal HO - Exercise 4 External Intercell Handovers External HO - Success External HO - Failures Incoming External HO - Congestion Incoming External HO TTCH (CIC) Congestion Incoming External HO - Radio Failure Incoming External HO - Counters Incoming External HO - Indicators Outgoing External HO - Failures Outgoing External HO - Radio Failure with ROC Outgoing External HO - Radio Failure Drop Outgoing External HO - Counters Outgoing External HO - Indicators External HO - Exercise 5 Handovers QoS per Adjacency Type 180 Counters Type 180 Indicators Type 26: TCH outgoing handover per adjacency Type 27: 2G TCH incoming handover per adjacency Type 27 Indicators 6 Inter-PLMN and Inter-RAT Inter-PLMN HO Description Inter-PLMN Indicators 2G-3G Indicators 7 Key Performance Indicators Handover Cause Distribution Handover Standard Cause Distribution Handover Cause Distribution Outgoing Handover Success Rate Incoming Handover Success Rate Page 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12195AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 5 Page 5
156
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Handover Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12195AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 5 Page 6
1 Handovers Overview
157
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Handover Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12195AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 5 Page 7
1 Handovers Overview
Description
MS moves from 1 TCH in the Serving Cell to 1 TCH in the Target Cell
BTS BSC
1 2
Radiolink Measurements Active Channel Preprocessing HO Detection Candidate Cell Evaluation HO Preparation HO Execution
CELL (S)
3
CELL (T)
4
channel activation handover command
5 6
158
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Handover Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
note: Handovers are not only from TCH to TCH: HO SDCCH to SDCCH (SDCCH HO) HO SDCCH to TCH (=directed retry)
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12195AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 5 Page 8
1 Handovers Overview
Types
Intracell
Intercell
Serving and Target cells belong to the same BSC (intra-BSC) Point of view from the target cell
Internal
External
Serving and Target cells belong to different BSCs (inter-BSC) Point of view from the serving cell
Incoming
Outgoing
Synchronous
Async.
If the MS doesn't leave the current channel, a call drop will occur
Emergency
Better Cell
159
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Handover Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12195AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 5 Page 9
2 Intra-Cell Handovers
1 5 10
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Handover Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12195AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 5 Page 10
2 Intra-Cell Handovers
Intracell HO - Success
MS Cell BSC (detection of intracell HO) MC870 Physical Context Request Physical Context Confirm Channel Activation (new ch) Channel Act. Ack (new ch) Assignment Command MC871 T3107 T9103 *TC* MSC
T9108
Assign Command SABM (new ch) UA (new ch) Assign Complete (new ch)
Assign Complete
MC662 Handover Performed BSC Shared DTM Info Indication only for DTM-capable MS
MFS
Both SDCCH and TCH are counted together. The T3107 timer is also used as the guard timer of the channel change procedure during an intra cell handover. The default value for T3107 is 14 seconds. The BSC will send BSC Shared DTM INFO Indication to inform the MFS the successful end of the procedure if the conditions below are fulfilled:
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12195AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 5 Page 11
2 Intra-Cell Handovers
Failure Causes
Handover Preparation:
Congestion Preparatio Failure HO_Cell_cong HO_Cell_prep_fail *
Handover Execution:
Reversion to old channel Drop radio Drop due to BSS problem HO_Cell_ROC HO_Cell_drop_radio HO_Cell_drop_BSS *
1 5 12
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Handover Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12195AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 5 Page 12
2 Intra-Cell Handovers
Failure - Congestion
MS Measurement Report Cell Measurement Result (detection of intracell HO) MC870 (no free channel) MC561 TCH MC101 / SDCCH BSC
B11
MC561: In MX BSC, this counter is incremented whenever an intra-cell TCH handover cannot be performed due to the TCH processing capacity of CCP reaches the limit defined by the MAX_TCH_PER_CCP parameter. In this case, MC926 is also incremented by one.
1 B1
2 MR
In IP mode, this counter is increased by 1 if: - the cell mapped on a BTS is in IP congestion status; - or the TCH processing capacity of AbisBTSGroup reaches the limit defined by the NB_MAX_ACTIVE_TCH_TS parameter
1 5 13
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Handover Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
From B7, MC561 replaces MC61 (B6). As the counting of the Abis-TCH congestion case was in restriction in B8: MC61(B6) = MC561(B7)
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12195AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 5 Page 13
2 Intra-Cell Handovers
MC667
stop
In this example, the Downlink path on the new channel is faulty (interference, path unbalance ). It is also possible the MS immediately sends an Assign Failure (without even attempting to connect to the new channel). N200_TTF = 34 T200_TF = 200ms 200 * 35 = 7seconds MC667 = C107 (sdcch intracell ho fail roc) + C67 (tch intracell ho fail roc)
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12195AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 5 Page 14
2 Intra-Cell Handovers
Cell
BSC
Assignment Command
MC871
T3107
MC663
1 5 15
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Handover Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12195AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 5 Page 15
2 Intra-Cell Handovers
Another counter is linked to various causes of drops during HO preparation and execution phases:
MC14a (Call_drop_HO_Prep_Exec_BSS_failure) is incremented when : TCH Channel Activation is acknowledged negatively Channel Activation procedure (T9103) expires LapD failure, or Abis failure, or BSC boards failure 48.058 ERROR REPORT message with a cause value of "O&M intervention" or "message sequence error" is received on Abis interface from either the serving or the target cell 48.058 CONNECTION FAILURE INDICATION message with a cause value of "remote transcoder failure" during the Channel Activation procedure
1 5 16
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Handover Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
Intra cell HO failures due to BSS problems are deduced from other counters.
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12195AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 5 Page 16
2 Intra-Cell Handovers
Main Counters
ATTEMPT
Preparation Failure
SUCCESS
INTRACELL Handover Preparation
Request Congestion BSS Pb MC870
Execution Failure
CONGESTION BSS PB
Execution
Attempt
Reversion old channel MC667 Drop radio MC663 BSS Pb MC871-MC662-MC667-MC663 Success
1 5 17
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Handover Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
MC662
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12195AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 5 Page 17
1 5 18
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Handover Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12195AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 5 Page 18
TCH
speech
TCH
speech
(old channel release)
Handover Performed BSC Shared DTM Info Indication only for DTM-capable MS
MFS
1 5 19
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Handover Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
MC830=C230 (tch) + C330 (sdcch) After the HO PERFORMED is sent to the MSC.
if DTM is enabled in the old cell, it sends a BSCGP BSC shared DTM info indication (CS_Flag = 0) to the MFS. if DTM is enabled in the new cell, it send a BSCGP BSC shared DTM info indication (CS_flag = 1) to the MFS.
The MFS in the old cell deletes the MS context and creates an MS context according to the information received in the BSCGP BSC shared DTM info indication. In case of Sync HO, the HO COMMAND contains a valid timing advance value, so that the MS will use this timing advance in the target cell. If the HO is not sync, then the HO COMMAND indicates that the HO is async, and the MS will send the HO ACCESS with TA=0. The target BTS will need to compute the TA.
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12195AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 5 Page 19
HO COMMAND message
TCH
HO Command
Serving Cell
1 5 20
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Handover Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12195AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 5 Page 20
Causes of Failures :
Handover procedure from the target cell point of view Handover Preparation:
Congestion: no RTCH available in the target cell "Other" problem (no specific counter)
Handover Execution:
Radio problem: the MS fails to access the new channel
which can lead to a "drop" or a "reversion to old channel" (cf. outgoing indicators)
1 5 21
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Handover Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12195AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 5 Page 21
MS
Serving Cell
Serving BSC
MSC
1 5 22
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Handover Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
From B7, MC551 replaces MC51of B6. As the counting of the Abis-TCH congestion case was in restriction in B8: MC51(B6) = MC551(B7)
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12195AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 5 Page 22
MS
MS access problem
Serving cell Target Cell BSC
HO CMD HANDOVER COMMAND <----------------------- <------------------------------------------------------------------------ start T3103 HANDOVER ACCESS MC660 -------------------------------------------------------------> -------------------------------------------------------------> HO DETECTION PHYSICAL INFORMATION ----------------------------------> <------------------------------------------------------------- start T3105 SABM -------------------------------------------------------------> ESTABLISH INDICATION UA ----------------------------------> <------------------------------------------------------------- stop T3105 HANDOVER COMPLETE ----------------------------------------------------- - - - -X MS serving cell target cell BSC SABM MEAS REP -----------------------> ESTABLISH INDICATION MEASUREMENT RESULT UA ------------------------------------------------------------------------> -----------------------> ------------------------------------------------------------------------> <----------------------CHANNEL ACTIVATION HO FAILURE HANDOVER FAILURE <--------------------------------------------------------> ------------------------------------------------------------------------> MC653 CHANNEL ACTIV ACK Release of new channel ---------------------------------->
MSC
HO CMD HANDOVER COMMAND <----------------------- <------------------------------------------------------------------------ start T3103 MC660 SABM -----------x T3103 expiry MC653
1 5 23
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Handover Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All incoming internal HO failures due to radio problems are counted in the same counter MC653. Both radio failures with Reversion Old Channel and radio drop are counted together.
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12195AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 5 Page 23
REQUEST
ATTEMPT
Preparation Failure
SUCCESS
INCOMING INTERNAL Handover Preparation Request Congestion BSS Pb Execution Attempt Radio (MS access problem) BSS Pb Success
1 5 24
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Handover Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
Execution Failure
CONGESTION BSS PB
MS ACCESS PB
MC831 MC653 MC831-MC652-MC653 MC652
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010
BSS PB
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12195AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 5 Page 24
HO_Inc_BSC_cong HO_Inc_BSC_fail_radio
HO_Inc_BSC_prep_fail HO_Inc_BSC_fail_BSS
1 5 25
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Handover Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
Refer to BSS - DEFINITION OF QUALITY OF SERVICE INDICATORS: Handover Statistics INDICATORS > Incoming handover > Incoming Intra BSC
GHOIBEFR: efficiency of the incoming internal HO execution GHOIBCGR: rate of incoming internal HO failures due to congestion GHOIBPFR: rate of incoming internal HO failures due to BSS during the preparation phase GHOIBFLRR: rate of incoming internal HO failures due to radio problems GHOIBFLBR: rate of incoming internal HO failures due to BSS during the execution phase
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12195AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 5 Page 25
Cases of Failures:
Handover procedure from the serving cell point of view Handover Preparation:
Preparation Failures (no details)
Handover Execution:
radio problem: the MS reverts to the old channel radio problem: the MS drops BSS problem (no specific counter)
1 5 26
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Handover Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12195AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 5 Page 26
HO CMD HANDOVER COMMAND <----------------------- <------------------------------------------------------------------------ start T3103 HANDOVER ACCESS MC660 -------------------------------------------------------------> -------------------------------------------------------------> HO DETECTION PHYSICAL INFORMATION ----------------------------------> <------------------------------------------------------------- start T3105 SABM -------------------------------------------------------------> ESTABLISH INDICATION UA ----------------------------------> <------------------------------------------------------------- stop T3105 HANDOVER COMPLETE ----------------------------------------------------- - - - -X SABM -----------------------> ESTABLISH INDICATION UA ------------------------------------------------------------------------> <----------------------HO FAILURE HANDOVER FAILURE -----------------------> ------------------------------------------------------------------------> MC657 Release of new channel
1 5 27
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Handover Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12195AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 5 Page 27
clear_request: ask the MSC to release the connection In case of call drop due to HO, the cause is "radio interface message failure" (for Alcatel-Lucent)
1 5 28
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Handover Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12195AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 5 Page 28
ATTEMPT
Preparation Failure
SUCCESS
OUTGOING INTERNAL Handover Preparation Request Any preparation failure Execution Attempt Reversion old channel Drop radio BSS Pb Success
1 5 29
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Handover Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
Execution Failure
CONGESTION BSS PB
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12195AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 5 Page 29
HO_Out_BSC_success
HO_Out_BSC_ROC
HO_Out_BSC_drop_radio
HO_Out_BSC_drop_BSS
1 5 30
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Handover Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
Refer to BSS - DEFINITION OF QUALITY OF SERVICE INDICATORS: Handover Statistics INDICATORS > Outgoing handover > Outgoing Intra BSC
GHOOBRQR: efficiency of the outgoing internal HO preparation GHOOBEFR: efficiency of the outgoing internal HO execution GHOOBOCR: rate of outgoing internal HO failures due to radio problems with Reversion Old Channel GHOOBCDRR: rate of outgoing internal HO failures due to radio problems with drop GHOOBCDR: rate of incoming internal HO failures with drop (radio + BSS)
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12195AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 5 Page 30
3) One case of Internal handover failure with reversion 4) One case of Internal handover failure without reversion
1 5 31
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Handover Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12195AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 5 Page 31
1 5 32
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Handover Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12195AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 5 Page 32
External HO - Success
MS
serving_cell
BSC
MSC
BSC
target_cell
MS
- MEAS_REPORT -> ------- MEAS_RESULT --------> MC645A ------ HO_REQUIRED ----------> MC462A ----------CR (HO_REQUEST) -----> MC820 MC463A <--------- CC --------------------------- CHANNEL_ACTIVATION ------> <- CHANNEL_ACT_ACK------------<----- HO_REQUEST_ACK -------- Start T9113 (HO_COMMAND) MC821 MC463B <------ HO_DETECTION-------------<-- HO_DETECTION ---------------- PHYSICAL_INFO --> <--- SABM ------------------- UA -------------->
<--- HO_COMPLETE --------------MC462C Release of TCH <---- CLEAR_COMMAND -----MC646 Cause : HO_SUCCESSFUL Stop T8
1 5 33
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Handover Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
Both SDCCH and TCH are counted together. From B7, MC645A replaces MC645 of B6. MC645a is only counting HANDOVER REQUIRED messages that are linked to a handover trial and not those that are linked to the update of the candidate cell list for handover / directed retry. This is leading to a more accurate computation of the External outgoing HO success rate. Only Outgoing inter PLMN HO is allowed. 6 counters provide information for "Inter-PLMN HO" (Incoming and Outgoing) (From B8) MC462a (equivalent of MC645A for intra PLMN external HO) Number of inter-PLMN TCH outgoing handovers or directed retry requests: HANDOVER REQUIRED sent to the MSC for an external TCH HO or an external DR triggered towards a cell belonging to a PLMN different from the PLMN of the serving cell. MC462b (equivalent of MC650 for intra PLMN external HO) Number of inter-PLMN TCH outgoing handovers or directed retry attempts: HANDOVER COMMAND sent to the MS on Abis for an external TCH HO or an external DR triggered towards a cell belonging to a PLMN different from the PLMN of the serving cell. MC462c (equivalent of MC646 for intra PLMN external HO) Number of inter-PLMN TCH outgoing handovers or directed retry successes: CLEAR COMMAND with Cause "Handover successful" received from the MSC for an external TCH HO or an external DR triggered towards a cell belonging to a PLMN different from the PLMN of the serving cell. MC463a (equivalent of MC820 for intra PLMN external HO) Number of inter-PLMN TCH incoming handovers or directed retry requests: HANDOVER REQUEST received from the MSC for an external TCH HO or an external DR triggered towards the target cell from a serving cell belonging to a PLMN different from the PLMN of the target cell. MC463b (equivalent of MC821 for intra PLMN external HO) Number of inter-PLMN TCH incoming handovers or directed retry attempts: HANDOVER REQUEST ACK sent by the target BSC containing the HANDOVER COMMAND for an external TCH HO or an external DR triggered towards the target cell from a serving cell belonging to a PLMN different from the PLMN of the target cell. MC463c (equivalent of MC642 for intra PLMN external HO) Number of inter-PLMN TCH incoming handovers or directed retry successes: HANDOVER COMPLETE received from the MS on Abis for an external TCH HO or an external DR triggered towards the target cell from a serving cell belonging to a PLMN different from the PLMN of the target cell. Note than all other (previous) counters related to HO continue to be based on Intra PLMN only.
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12195AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 5 Page 33
External HO - Failures
HO_Inc_MSC_request
HO_Inc_MSC_allocated
HO_Inc_MSC_cong
HO_Inc_MSC_no_cic_alloc
HO_Inc_MSC_prep_fail
(deduced)
HO_Inc_MSC_success
HO_Inc_MSC_fail_radio
HO_Inc_MSC_fail_BSS
(deduced)
1 5 34
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Handover Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
"deduced" : shows all the failures that were not counted by dedicated counters, by computing the missing successes.
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12195AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 5 Page 34
MS
serving_cell
BSC
MSC
BSC
target_cell
MS
- MEAS_REPORT -> ------- MEAS_RESULT --------> MC645A ------ HO_REQUIRED -------> ----------CR (HO_REQUEST) -----> < ----- HO_FAILURE --------------Cause: no radio resource available MC820 MC541A
( < -HO_REQUIRED_REJECT-)
1 5 35
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Handover Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12195AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 5 Page 35
MS
serving_cell
BSC
MSC
BSC
target_cell
MS
- MEAS_REPORT -> ------- MEAS_RESULT --------> MC645A ------ HO_REQUIRED -------> ----------CR (HO_REQUEST) -----> < ----- HO_FAILURE --------------Cause: terrestrial circuit already allocated Requested terrestrial resource unaivalable BSS not equiopoed ( < -HO_REQUIRED_REJECT-) MC820 MC41B
1 5 36
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Handover Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12195AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 5 Page 36
-- ESTABLISH_INDICATION->
BSC ------------------------------------------>
MSC
----- CLEAR_COMMAND ----------------------> Radio interface fail : Reversion to old channel
BSC
MC643 Release of connection
target_cell
MS
< ----- HO_REQUEST_ACK----------------------< -------------------------- HO_COMMAND ------------------------------------------------ HO-COMMAND) included Sta rt T8 ----- SABM --- X ----- SABM --- X ----- SABM --- X
MC820 - CHANNEL_ACT ----------> < --- CHA_ACT_ACK -------Sta rt T9113 Start T9113 MC821 X --- HO_ACCESS ----X ---- HO_ACCESS -----
T9113 expiry
MC643 Release of connection
1 5 37
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Handover Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All incoming external HO failures due to radio problems are counted in the same counter MC643. Both radio failures with Reversion Old Channel and radio drop are counted together.
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12195AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 5 Page 37
ATTEMPT
Preparation Failure
MC820
MC41b MC541a+MC81 MC541+MC81
MS ACCESS PB BSS PB
Congestion BSS Pb Execution Attempt Radio (MS access problem) BSS Pb Success
1 5 38
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Handover Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12195AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 5 Page 38
1 5 39
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Handover Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
Refer to BSS - DEFINITION OF QUALITY OF SERVICE INDICATORS: Handover Statistics INDICATORS > Incoming handover > Incoming Inter BSC
GHOIMEFR: efficiency of the incoming external HO execution GHOIMCGR: rate of incoming external HO failures due to radio congestion (Air or Abis TCH) GHOIMAMR: rate of incoming external HO failures due to CIC congestion (A TCH) GHOIMPFR: rate of incoming external HO failures due to BSS during the preparation phase GHOIMFLRR: rate of incoming external HO failures due to radio problems GHOIMFLBR: rate of incoming external HO failures due to BSS during the execution phase
Inter PLMN Incoming External HO Indicators (from B8) An indicator is created for each counter:
the success rate of incoming inter-PLMN HOs, the ratio of incoming inter-PLMN HO to incoming intra-PLMN and inter-PLMN HO.
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12195AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 5 Page 39
Handover Execution:
radio problem: the MS reverts to the old channel radio problem: the MS drops BSS problem (no specific counter)
HO_Out_MSC_required
HO_Out_MSC_request
HO_Out_MSC_prep_fail
(deduced)
HO_Out_MSC_success
HO_Out_MSC_ROC
HO_Out_MSC_drop_radio
HO_Out_MSC_drop_BSS
(deduced)
1 5 40
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Handover Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12195AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 5 Page 40
MS
serving_cell
BSC
MSC
BSC
target_cell
MS
- MEAS_R EPORT -> ------- MEAS_RESULT --------> EQUIRED -------> MC645A ---- HO_R ----------CR (HO_REQUEST) -------------------> < -------- CC --------------------------------------< ----- HO_REQUEST_ACK----------------------(HO-COMMAND) included < -------------------------- HO_COMMAND -----------------------------------------------Sta rt T8 MC650 ----- SABM --------> < --- UA ------------- -- ESTABLISH_INDICATION-> ----- HO_FAILURE (reversion to old channel) ------------------------------------------> MC647 - CHANNEL_ACT ----------> < --- CHA_ACT_ACK -------Start T9113
Release of connection
1 5 41
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Handover Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12195AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 5 Page 41
MS
- MEAS_REPORT -> ------- MEAS_RESULT --------> MC645A ---- HO_REQUIRED -------> ----------CR (HO_REQUEST) -------------------> < -------- CC --------------------------------------< ----- HO_REQUEST_ACK----------------------(HO-COMMAND) included < -------------------------- HO_COMMAND -----------------------------------------------Sta rt T8 MC650 ----- SABM --- X ----- SABM --- X ----- SABM --- X T8 expiry ----- CLEAR_R EQUEST -> MC648 Radio interface message fail Release of connection - CHANNEL_ACT ----------> < --- CHA_ACT_ACK -------Sta rt T9113
1 5 42
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Handover Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12195AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 5 Page 42
ATTEMPT
Preparation Failure
SUCCESS
OUTGOING EXTERNAL Handover Preparation Request Any preparation failure Execution Attempt Reversion old channel Drop radio BSS Pb Success
1 5 43
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Handover Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12195AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 5 Page 43
1 5 44
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Handover Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
Refer to BSS - DEFINITION OF QUALITY OF SERVICE INDICATORS RELEASE: Handover Statistics INDICATORS > Outgoing handover > Outgoing Inter BSC
GHOOMRQR: efficiency of the outgoing external HO preparation GHOOMEFR: efficiency of the outgoing external HO execution GHOOMOCR: rate of outgoing external HO failures due to radio problems with Reversion Old Channel GHOOMCDRR: rate of outgoing external HO failures due to radio problems with drop GHOOMCDR: rate of incoming external HO failures with drop (radio + BSS)
Inter PLMN Outgoing External HO Indicators (From B8) An indicator is created for each counter:
the success rate of outgoing inter-PLMN HOs, the ratio of outgoing inter-PLMN HO to outgoing intra-PLMN and inter-PLMN HO.
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12195AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 5 Page 44
External HO - Exercise
1 5 45
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Handover Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12195AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 5 Page 45
1 5 46
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Handover Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12195AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 5 Page 46
Some handover indicators available per couple of (serving, target) cells permanently through PM type 180 counters
3 counters for each (Serving,Target) adjacency: - C400(S,T): Incoming handovers requested to cell T from cell S - C401(S,T): Incoming handovers attempted to cell T from cell S - C402(S,T): Incoming handovers successfully performed to cell T from cell S
b
C40i(a,b)
C40i(c,b) C40i(c,d)
d e
C40i(f,d)
both internal and external inter cell handovers are counted both SDCCH and TCH handovers are counted
1 5 47
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Handover Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
where
Sn are the serving cells considering the incoming adjacencies to cell T. MC820(T), MC821(T), MC642(T) are the counters relating to the incoming external handovers requested, attempted and successfully performed to cell T. MC830(T), MC831(T), MC646(T) are the counters relating to the incoming internal handovers requested, attempted and successfully performed to cell T.
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12195AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 5 Page 47
Cell B
Cell A
10 300
Cell C Fill up
Matrix Inc allocated Matrix Inc efficiency Matrix Inc unsuccess rate rate rate
Fill up
Matrix Inc request Cell A - Cell B Cell A - Cell C Cell B - Cell A Cell B - Cell C Cel C - Cell A Cell C - Cell B 100 10 150 220 300 200 30 30 Matrix Inc allocated 80 10 Matrix Inc success 40 10
1 5 48
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Handover Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
Note : in NPO, when n/a is seen in the table, it means "0" (= no HO were done during the period)
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12195AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 5 Page 48
The following indicators can be computed from PM Type 180 counters in order to:
Detect the most important neighboring cells as per their traffic
Distribution of incoming handovers performed to cell T from serving cells Sn = C402(Sx,T) / C402(Sn,T)
1 5 49
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Handover Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
Refer to BSS - DEFINITION OF QUALITY OF SERVICE INDICATORS: Handover Statistics > HO Statistics per couple of cells > Indicators with counter type 180
These indicators can also be used to check if a recently handover relationship is generating handover as expected. They will also allow to identify the handover relationships which should be deleted since no (or very few) handover is observed.
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12195AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 5 Page 49
Some handover indicators are available per couple of (serving, target) cells on demand for all outgoing adjacencies of a serving cell through PM type 26 (40 cells since B8)
Tb Target a Serving
C72i(S,Te) C72i(S,Tc)
Tc
C721 Outgoing TCH handover successes. C722 Outgoing TCH handover -execution radio failures with ROC C723 Outgoing TCH handover -execution radio failures without ROC C724 Outgoing TCH handover for an emergency cause C725 Outgoing TCH handover for a better cell cause C727 Outgoing TCH handover for a traffic cause C728 Outgoing TCH handover for FDR
Te
Tf
1 5 50
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Handover Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12195AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 5 Page 50
Some handover indicators are available per couple of (serving, target) cells on demand for all incoming adjacencies of a target cell through PM type 27.
C730 Incoming 2G TCH handover attempts
Sb Serving a Target
C73i(Se,T) C73i(Sc,T)
Sc
C733
C734 Incoming 2G TCH handover for an emergency cause C735 Incoming 2G TCH handover for a better cell cause C737 Incoming 2G TCH handover for a traffic cause C738 Incoming 2G TCH handover for FDR
Se
Sf
1 5 51
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Handover Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
C734(Sx,T): Incoming handovers attempted from Sx to T for an emergency cause. C735(Sx,T): Incoming handovers attempted from Sx to T for a better cell cause. C737(Sx,T): Incoming handovers attempted from Sx to T for a traffic cause. C738(Sx,T): Incoming handovers attempted from Sx to T for a forced directed retry cause.
The set of Type 27 counters can be retrieved for only one cell per BSS at once.
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12195AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 5 Page 51
Type 27 Indicators
The following indicators can be computed from PM Type 27 counters in order to ease the diagnosis of the bad incoming handover performance of a cell:
Efficiency of the incoming handover execution to cell T from cell Sx
HOIXSUR = C731(Sx,T) / C730(Sx,T)
Rate of incoming ho execution failures due to MS radio access problems to cell T from cell Sx
HOIXCDRR = C733(Sx,T) / C730(Sx,T)
Rate of incoming ho execution failures due to BSS problems to cell T from cell Sx
HOIXCDBR= [C730(Sx,T)-C731(Sx,T)-C733(Sx,T)] / C730(Sx,T)
1 5 52
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Handover Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
Refer to BSS - DEFINITION OF QUALITY OF SERVICE INDICATORS: Handover Statistics > HO Statistics per couple of cells > Indicators with counter type 27
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12195AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 5 Page 52
1 5 53
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Handover Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12195AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 5 Page 53
Inter-PLMN HO Description
Since B8, outgoing inter-PLMN HO are available (incoming were always available) Usage of CGI n the OMC-R allows to define outgoing inter-PLMN adjacencies (serving cell from own PLMN, target cell from foreign PLMN)
OMC-R FRANCE ITALIE
External cells : belong to another OMC-R (from own PLMN or foreign PLMN) Internal cells : belong to this OMC-R Up to 4 foreign PLMN's can be defined in one OMC-R. Inter-PlMN external cells are defined by their CGI
Outgoing
Incoming
1 5 54
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Handover Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010
MCC is the Mobile Country Code, MNC is the Mobile Network Code, LAC is the Location Area Code, CI is the Cell Identification. Handovers towards cells belonging to a different PLMN are not possible if CGI_REQD is set to 0. Handovers towards UMTS cells belonging to a different PLMN are not possible if CGI_3G_REQUIRED is set to 0. The MS will only measure those Neighbour cells which have a BSIC whose PLMN colour code matches with the coding in the NCC Permitted transmitted to the MS in the SYSTEM INFORMATION TYPE 6.
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12195AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 5 Page 54
Inter-PLMN Indicators
RTCH_HO_Inc_InterPLMN_request
RTCH_HO_Inc_InterPLMN_request_ratio
B11
RTCH_HO_Inc_InterPLMN_allocated
RTCH_HO_Inc_PLMN_fail_cong
B11
RTCH_HO_Inc_InterPLMN_success
RTCH_HO_Out_InterPLMN_request
RTCH_HO_Out_InterPLMN_attempt
RTCH_HO_Out_InterPLMN_success
1 5 55
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Handover Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12195AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 5 Page 55
2G-3G Indicators
INCOMING
HO_Inc_MSC_3G_2G_request HO_Inc_MSC_3G_2G_TCH request HO_Inc_MSC_3G_2G_allocated HO_Inc_MSC_3G_2G_TCH request_emergency
HO_Inc_MSC_3G_2G_TCH_fail_3Gcong HO_Inc_MSC_3G_2G_HOreject_HL_Time
HO_Inc_MSC_3G_2G fail_prep_System
HO_Inc_MSC_3G_2G_success
HO_Inc_MSC_3G_2G_fail_radio
HO_Inc_MSC_3G_2G_fail_BSS
OUTGOING
HO_Out_MSC_2G_3G_required
HO_Out_MSC_2G_3G_request
HO_Out_MSC_2G_3G_prep_fail
HO_Out_MSC_2G_3G_success
HO_Out_MSC_2G_3G_ROC
HO_Out_MSC_2G_3G failure_radio
HO_Out_MSC_2G_3G drop_BSS
1 5 56
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Handover Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
HO_Inc_MSC_3G_2G_HOreject_HL_Time : - Cumulative time (in seconds) during which the Cell is in 3G high load state - i.e. Whenever the 3G_HOReject_Load State in the cell is reported as high or reported as indefinite while the previous state was high. This counter shall be incremented only if THR_CELL_LOAD_3G_REJECT < 100%.
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12195AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 5 Page 56
1 5 57
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Handover Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12195AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 5 Page 57
HO cause distribution
(MC67w or MC785x or MC586y or MC10zz or MC447 or MC461 (MC67all + MC785all + MC586all + MC10all + MC447 + MC461)
MC67all=MC671+MC672+MC673+MC674+MC675+MC676+MC677+MC6 78+MC679+MC670 MC785all = MC785a + MC785d + MC785e + MC785f (Microcell) MC586all = MC586a + MC586b + MC586c (concentric) MC10all = MC1040 + MC1044 + MC1050
Qual DL > 10% Qual UL > 10% Level UL > 20% Level DL > 20% Interf UL > 5% Interf DL > 5% Better Cell < 30%
GHCSTBPBR, GHCCCELVDR, GHCCCELVUR, GHCCCBCPR, GHCSTEDIR, GHCSTEIFDR, GHCSTELVDR, GHCSTEQLDR, GHCSTBDRR, GHCMBBCPR, GHCMCEBSR, GHCMCELVDR, GHCMCBCPR, GHCMCELVUR, GHCSTEMIR, GHCSTEIFUR GHCSTELVUR, GHCSTEQLUR, GHCSTAMR, GHCSTBTFR
UL/DL Interference, Distance, Better Cell, Interband, Micro cells HO, Concentric Cell, Traffic, AMRS, TFO causes Indicator aiming at measuring the efficiency of planning /optimization
1 5 58
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Handover Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12195AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 5 Page 58
Threshold
Com men ts
Ref. name
GHCSTEIFDSR, GHCSTEIFUSR, GHCSTEIFSR, GHCSTELVDSR, GHCSTELVUSR, GHCSTELVSR, GHCSTEQLDSR, GHCSTEQLUSR, GHCSTEQLSR, GHCSTBPBSR, GHCSTEDISR
Unit %
DISTRIBUTION HO CAUSE STANDARD : Distribution of Handover attempts by standard cause : Power Budget, quality too low, level too low, high interference and MS-BTS distance too long. Indicator aiming at measuring the efficiency of planning / optimization Interesting for comparing HO distribution after concentric or micro cell implementation
1 5 59
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Handover Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
MC670: Number of handover attempts cause 2: "uplink quality too low" MC672: Number of handover attempts cause 4: downlink quality too low" MC671: Number of handover attempts cause 3: "uplink level too low" MC673: Number of handover attempts cause 5: "downlink level too low" MC676: Number of handover attempts cause 15: "too high uplink interference level" MC677: Number of handover attempts cause 16: "too high downlink interference level" MC678: Number of handover attempts cause 12: "too low power budget" MC674: Number of handover attempts cause 6: "MS-BTS distance too long"
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12195AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 5 Page 59
CAUSE rates
1 5 60
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Handover Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
Refer to BSS - DEFINITION OF QUALITY OF SERVICE INDICATORS: Handover statistics INDICATORS > Handover causes GHCXXYYYYR: Rate of specific HO cause xxyyyy versus all HO causes (Global)
where XX = ST (standard) or MC (micro cell) or CC (concentric cell) or MB (multi band) and YYYY is specific to the cause
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12195AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 5 Page 60
success rate of Outgoing HO : Rate of successful outgoing external and internal intercell SDCCH and TCH HO
Indicator HO_Out_success_rate
Formulae HO_Out_success/HO_Out_required
Thres hold
90%
Comments
This indicator includes preparation and execution.
Ref. name
GHOORSUR
Unit %
Success rate of execution of Outgoing HO : Rate of successful outgoing external and internal intercell SDCCH and TCH HO
Formulae HO_Out_success/HO_Out_request Thres hold
90%
Indicator HO_Out_efficiency_rate
Comments
This indicator takes into account HO execution only (not HO preparation).
Ref. name
GHOOREFR
Unit %
1 5 61
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Handover Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
Global Outgoing HO success rate: represents the global efficiency of the outgoing handovers performed from one cell to any of its neighboring cells (same BSS or not). Efficiency of Outgoing HO execution: represents the efficiency of the channel change procedure during outgoing handovers performed from one cell to any of its neighboring cells (same BSS or not). It does not take into account the HO failures that can occur during the preparation phase when the new channel is being selected and activated. HO_Out_success = HO_Out_MSC_2G_3G_success + HO_Out_MSC_2G_2G_success + HO_Out_BSC_success HO_Out_required = HO_Out_MSC_2G_2G_required+HO_Out_BSC_required+HO_Out_MSC_2G_3G_required HO_Out_request = HO_Out_MSC_2G_2G_request+HO_Out_BSC_request+HO_Out_MSC_2G_3G_request
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12195AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 5 Page 61
success rate of Incoming HO : Rate of successful incoming external and internal intercell SDCCH and TCH HO
Indicator HO_Inc_success_rate
Thres hold
90%
Comments
Unit %
Success rate of execution of Incoming HO : Rate of successful incoming external and internal intercell SDCCH and TCH HO
Formulae HO_Inc_success / HO_Inc_allocated Thres hold
90%
Indicator HO_Inc_efficiency_rate
Comments
Excluding congestion failures and BSS preparation failures from requests.
Unit %
1 5 62
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Handover Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
Global Incoming HO success rate: represents the global efficiency of the incoming handovers performed to one cell from any of its neighboring cells (same BSS or not). Efficiency of Incoming HO execution: represents the efficiency of the channel change procedure during incoming handovers performed to one cell from any of its neighboring cells (same BSS or not). It does not take into account the HO failures that can occur during the preparation phase when the new channel is being selected and activated. HO_Inc_success = HO_Inc_MSC_success + HO_Inc_BSC_success HO_Inc_request = HO_Inc_MSC_request + HO_Inc_BSC_request HO_Inc_allocated = HO_Inc_MSC_allocated + HO_Inc_BSC_allocated
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12195AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 5 Page 62
Bad handover parameters settings (check with the RFT Training) Hardware fault (TRX board fault) Congestion Interference Coverage Clock or timer mismatching
1 5 63
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Handover Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
Coverage
Coverage hole
Coverage hole may exist when coverage areas of two BTSs do not overlap or there are some big obstacles in the coverage area, this lead to no signal or very poor signal level.
Over shooting
In the actual network, the high BTS antenna can propagate far away along a road and serve in area which its not suppose to serve in; which result in the "isolate Island" problem. Interference Interference usually occurs when more than one idle channel appear in the highest interference band. If the interference is internal, it will usually increase with the growth of traffic. If the interference is external, it is usually not related to traffic, but it may increase with the traffic growth if the interference is from the close analog network. There is also the possibility to work with the RMS (per TRX). If there are high Rx_lev but bad quality, it indicates that co-channel and/or adjacent-channel interference exist. Congestion: see previous case study Timer mismatching: check with the NSS team whether BSS-NSS parameters are well set.
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12195AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 5 Page 63
GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring TMO18096 D0 SG DEN I1.0 Issue 1
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12196AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 6 Page 1
Blank Page
162
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Directed Retry Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
Document History Edition 01 Date YYYY-MM-DD Author Last name, first name Remarks First edition
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12196AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 6 Page 2
Module Objectives
Upon completion of this module, you should be able to:
Describe the counters and indicators used for monitoring the efficiency of the directed retry feature
163
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Directed Retry Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12196AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 6 Page 3
164
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Directed Retry Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12196AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 6 Page 4
Table of Contents
Switch to notes view!
1 Directed Retry Definition Queuing Is Mandatory TCH Assignment with Queuing Normal and Forced Directed Retry Directed Retry Rules Directed Retry During Queuing 2 Queuing and (F)DR Indicators Queuing Directed Retry Self-assessment on the Objectives End of Module Page 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
165
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Directed Retry Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12196AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 6 Page 5
166
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Directed Retry Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12196AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 6 Page 6
167
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Directed Retry Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12196AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 6 Page 7
Queuing Is Mandatory
When there is no TCH available in a cell for TCH normal assignment Queuing: TCH request is put in a queue, waiting for a TCH to be released in this cell With default BSS tuning: the call establishment fails if no TCH has been freed after T11 seconds but an optional mechanism can be activated
168
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Directed Retry Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
The queuing of TCH requests is also performed for incoming external TCH handovers but not for incoming internal TCH handovers. T11 : BSC parameter, Maximum queuing time for Assignment Requests (values : 0 to 19 s; default 6s)
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12196AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 6 Page 8
T11
MC13a
169
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Directed Retry Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
if the BSC has enough queuing buffers to queue the request or there is a lower priority request that can be dequeued, BSC puts the request in a queue and starts the queuing timer T11. Note A: This chart describes the case where the congestion situation ends as a result of a TCH being made available on the serving BTS. Note that the congestion situation can also be handled by the Directed retry procedure, in which case the MS is handed over to a Point-to-Point TCH located on another BTS, see next slides. Note B: If the queuing is not allowed by the MSC, but QUEUE_ANYWAY = TRUE, no QUEUING INDICATION message is sent to the MSC Note C: ATER CONN REQ procedure is done only for TDM BTS in case of BSS transport mode = IP.
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12196AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 6 Page 9
Directed Retry (DR) When a TCH request is in queue, the BSC tries to establish the TCH connection on a neighboring cell if:
the normal handover condition is met (Normal DR) specific directed retry conditions are met (Forced DR):
the MS receives a sufficient signal level from a neighboring cell the number of free TCHs in this neighboring cell is sufficient
Normal DR : Should be enabled all the time, to avoid call drop. It just allows a MS in a queue to perform a standard HO. Forced DR : Should be enabled to fight congestion. It leads to a radio quality degradation (MS not in the best serving cell anymore).
1 6 10
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Directed Retry Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12196AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 6 Page 10
Synchronous
between two cells of the same BSC also called intra BSC
between 2 cells sharing the same clocks collocated usually 2 sectors of the same BTS
tunable at OMC-R level
ANNEX 3
External
between two cells of different BSCs also called inter BSC
Asynchronous
not synchronous for any reason no dedicated monitoring for synchronous/asynchronous HO
Incoming
as considering the target cell
Outgoing
as considering the serving cell
1 6 11
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Directed Retry Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
There is no Intracell Directed Retry contrary to HO: An Intracell Directed is a Call Setup !! !-) Please refer to Annexes for Directed Retry counters details.
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12196AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 6 Page 11
MC144e : outgoing internal DR request MC144f : outgoing external DR request MC153 : incoming internal DR request (no counter for incoming external DR) MC142e : outgoing internal DR success MC142f : outgoing external DR success MC717a : incoming internal DR success (no counter for incoming external DR)
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12196AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 6 Page 12
1 6 13
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Directed Retry Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12196AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 6 Page 13
Queuing
Alc_Mono_Queuing
RTCH queueing failure - CELL2G: cell00301_03017 (301/3017) ( 999/F77/301/3017 ) 17/05/2009 00 00:00 To 17/05/2009 23 23:00 (Working Zone: Global - Medium)
200 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 120.0% 100.0% 80.0% 60.0% 40.0% 20.0% 00.0% % Rejected Timeout Success % Success
nb
1 6 14
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Directed Retry Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
Rejected : A queued request is rejected because another request is placed in the queue, with a higher priority. Timeout : The queued request stayed T11 in the queue and is then removed.
16 /0 5/ 20 09 17 22 /0 5/ 22 20 :0 09 17 0 0 /0 0 5/ 0 20 0: 00 09 17 /0 02 5/ 02 20 :0 09 17 0 04 /0 5/ 04 20 :0 09 17 0 06 /0 5/ 0 20 6: 00 09 17 08 /0 5/ 08 20 :0 09 17 0 10 /0 5/ 10 20 :0 09 17 0 12 /0 5/ 12 20 :0 09 17 0 14 /0 5/ 14 20 :0 09 17 0 1 /0 6 5/ 1 20 6: 00 09 17 18 /0 5/ 18 20 :0 09 0 20 20 :0 0
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12196AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 6 Page 14
Directed Retry
Alc_Mono_DR_Outgoing
Outgoing internal Directed Retry - CELL2G: cell00301_03017 (301/3017) ( 999/F77/301/3017 ) - 17/05/2009 00 00:00 To 17/05/2009 23 23:00 (Working Zone: Global - Medium)
1400 1200 1000 nb 800 600 400 200 0 16/05/2009 22 22:00 16/05/2009 23 23:00 17/05/2009 00 00:00 17/05/2009 01 01:00 17/05/2009 02 02:00 17/05/2009 03 03:00 17/05/2009 04 04:00 17/05/2009 05 05:00 17/05/2009 06 06:00 17/05/2009 07 07:00 17/05/2009 08 08:00 17/05/2009 09 09:00 17/05/2009 10 10:00 17/05/2009 11 11:00 17/05/2009 12 12:00 17/05/2009 13 13:00 17/05/2009 14 14:00 17/05/2009 15 15:00 17/05/2009 16 16:00 17/05/2009 17 17:00 17/05/2009 18 18:00 17/05/2009 19 19:00 17/05/2009 20 20:00 17/05/2009 21 21:00
90.00% 80.00% 70.00% 60.00% 40.00% 30.00% 20.00% 10.00% 0.00% % 50.00% Fail BSS Fail Radio ROC Prep Fail Success % Success
1 6 15
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Directed Retry Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
There is also an indicator (not in this graph) that counts only the number of FDR attempts (DR_forced, GDRFORQN = MC607) This indicator can be compared to MC144e/f in order to know the ratio FDR vs. normal DR.
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12196AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 6 Page 15
Please be reminded to fill in the form Self-Assessment on the Objectives for this module The form can be found in the first part of this course documentation
1 6 16
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Directed Retry Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12196AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 6 Page 16
1 6 17
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Directed Retry Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12196AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 6 Page 17
GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring TMO18096 D0 SG DEN I1.0 Issue 1
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12197AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 7 Page 1
Blank Page
172
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring RMS Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
Document History Edition 01 Date YYYY-MM-DD Author Last name, first name Remarks First edition
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12197AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 7 Page 2
Module Objectives
Upon completion of this module, you should be able to:
Describe the RMS indicators used for radio quality assessment of a TRX or cell and to use them in the detection of some typical radio problems
173
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring RMS Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12197AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 7 Page 3
174
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring RMS Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12197AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 7 Page 4
Table of Contents
Switch to notes view!
1 Radio Measurement Statistics Objectives RMS Objectives 2 RMS Implementation in the BSS RMS Management RMS Configuration in the OMC-R RMS Configuration in NPO RMS Data Flow RMS Data Presentation 3 RMS Data RMS Data Presentation 4 Call Quality Statistics per TRX 4.1 Generalities 4.2 Call Quality Parameters 4.3 Call Quality Counters 5 Radio Quality Statistics per TRX 5.1 Generalities 5.2 Radio Quality Parameters 5.3 Radio Quality Counters 6 C/I Statistics 6.1 C/I Generalities 6.2 C/I Parameters 6.3 C/I Counters 7 RMS Indicators Usage All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 175 7.1 Suspecting a Voice Quality Problem B11 GSM QoS Monitoring RMS Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring 7.2 Suspecting a Cell Coverage Problem Exercise 1 Exercise 2 7.3 Suspecting a Cell Interference Problem Exercise 3 Exercise 4 Exercise 5 8 Additional Information RMS Counters Self-assessment on the Objectives End of Module Page 7 8 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 22 24 28 29 32 35 49 50 51 52 54 55 56 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 68 69
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12197AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 7 Page 5
176
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring RMS Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12197AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 7 Page 6
177
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring RMS Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12197AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 7 Page 7
RMS Objectives
Assess the quality of cell coverage Assess the radio link quality of a TRX / a cell Assess Carrier/Interference ratio of a TRX / a cell Estimate the voice quality of a TRX / a cell In order to:
Optimize the neighborhood & frequency planning Improve the network coverage Detect faulty hardware components responsible for bad QoS Help logical parameters fine tuning
178
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring RMS Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
The RMS feature provides statistics on Voice Quality. VQ data are now needed since the Call Drop rate is not sufficient to have a clear picture of the QoS in a network using Slow Frequency Hopping as a densification technique. The RMS feature is a "plus" providing additional information to help radio engineer in their Fault detection and Network optimization tasks.
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12197AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 7 Page 8
179
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring RMS Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
Today's solutions for Radio Measurements are limited and very expensive:
drive tests: provide a mobile user with the perception of the network but cannot be done on the whole network and on an every day basis since:
they are costly (tool+car+manpower). they need to be post-processed. they are limited to part of the network. they are available on the DownLink path only.
Abis interface traces: provide a complete Uplink and Downlink radio quality assessment of a cell but cannot be done on the whole network and on an every day basis since:
they are costly (protocol analyzer+manpower). they need to be post-processed. they are limited to a few cells at once per analyzer.
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12197AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 7 Page 9
1 7 10
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring RMS Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12197AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 7 Page 10
RMS Management
RMS results are reported permanently (once a day) by the BSS as a PM Type 31 counters to the OMC-R The RMS job is defined and activated on a per BSS basis RMS job parameters are managed through RMS templates
RMS templates provide means to tune RMS parameters according to Cell Planning (cell profile, cell class)
1 7 11
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring RMS Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
The cell profile can be: micro, indoor, multiband, etc. The cell class can be: rural, urban, rural rapid (covering express railway), etc. Templates parameters define the intervals or Received level, Consecutive frame erasure, Radio link counter, Path balance, C/I for which RMS counters are provided.
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12197AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 7 Page 11
PM
1 7 12
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring RMS Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12197AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 7 Page 12
B11
Templates
1 7 13
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring RMS Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
The cell profile can be: micro, indoor, multiband, etc. The cell class can be: rural, urban, rural rapid (covering express railway), etc.
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12197AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 7 Page 13
B11
2. 3.
4. 5.
NPO defines and sends RMS templates to the OMC-R The OMC-R activates an RMS campaign in the BSS RMS counters are transferred to the OMC RMS counters are stored in NPO RMS QOS report displayed
BSS 3
PM
4 OMC-R 1
Template
PM
5 NPO
QOS
1 7 14
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring RMS Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
The tuning function of NPO defines a preferred RMS template depending on cell characteristics (type, class, capacity, etc.). NPO manages the frequencies to monitor through MAFA jobs depending on the neighborhood and the frequency bands. NPO is a reference for RMS templates:
16 templates stored in the NPO database, Reference values for templates available, Extra editor in the administration tool to modify templates: a given value or a reference one. NPO stores RMS jobs measurements, at Cell & TRX levels (15 days). NPO makes some consolidations (voice quality, averages, etc.). NPO manages some warnings on RMS indicators (path balance).
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12197AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 7 Page 14
1 7 15
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring RMS Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12197AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 7 Page 15
3 RMS Data
1 7 16
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring RMS Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12197AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 7 Page 16
3 RMS Data
Annex 1
1 7 17
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring RMS Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
The first RMS Statistics type is based on calls. The two others are based on TRX/Cell. Additional information: Measurement results, TRX, BS/MS max power MAFA = Mobile Assisted Frequency Allocation is a GSM Phase 2+ feature allowing to request a mobile to measure and report through Extended Measurement Report message a C/I value for each frequency specified in an Extended Measurement Order message. CFE: Consecutive Frame Erasure 1 SACCH multi-frame (SACCH mfr) corresponds to 4 consecutive sequences of 26 TDMA frames during which, in the uplink, a measurement report message is received by the BTS from the MS.
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12197AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 7 Page 17
1 7 18
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring RMS Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12197AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 7 Page 18
4.1 Generalities
1 7 19
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring RMS Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
The fact that FER measurements are more reliable than RXQUAL ones to assess the VQ is even more true when using Slow Frequency Hopping. In this case RXQUAL values are not anymore correlated to Voice Quality as perceived by the end user. FER measurements are available for the uplink path only. These RMS indicators are provided on the NPO tool per TRX, per Cell:
Number of Noisy calls suffering from problem of bad coverage on the uplink path RMVQULVN = RMS_call_noisy_UL_bad_coverage
Number of Noisy calls suffering from problem of interference on the uplink path RMVQUIFN = RMS_call_noisy_UL_interference
Number of Noisy calls suffering from problem of interference and bad coverage considered together on the uplink path RMVQUUKN = RMS_call_noisy_UL_undefined Rate of Noisy calls suffering from problems of interference or/and bad coverage on the uplink path RMVQUNOR = RMS_call_noisy_UL_rate
Note: The 4 indicators above can be provided for Noisy calls suffering from VQ problems on the downlink path.
Rate of Noisy calls but with good FER measurements on the uplink path RMVQFEGR = RMS_call_noisy_good_FER_rate
Rate of Noisy calls and also with bad FER measurements on the uplink path RMVQFEBR = RMS_call_noisy_bad_FER_rate
Rate of calls with fair quality measurements but with bad FER measurements on the uplink path RMVQFEAR = RMS_call_abnormal_bad_FER_rate This last indicator can be used in order to tune the RMS VQ parameters used to characterize a call as Noisy.
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12197AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 7 Page 19
CALL end
CQS1
CQS2
CQS3
CQS4 CQS5
CQS6
CQS7
CQS8
CQS375
VQ_AVERAGE = 4 SACCH
AV_RXLEV_UL_VQ = (RxlevUL1+RxlevUL2+RxlevUL3+RxlevUL4) / 4 AV_RXLEV_DL_VQ = (RxlevDL1+RxlevDL2+RxlevDL3+RxlevDL4) / 4 AV_RXQUAL_UL_VQ = (RxqualUL1+RxqualUL2+RxqualUL3+RxqualUL4) / 4 AV_RXQUAL_DL_VQ = (RxqualDL1+RxqualDL2+RxqualDL3+RxqualDL4) / 4 AV_RXFER_UL_VQ = (Nb of speech frames wrongly decoded (BFI=1) / Total nb of speech frames of the CQS)
CQS: Call Quality Sample VQ_AVERAGE = Number of consecutive SACCH measurements from which the reported Level and Quality notes (UL and DL) are averaged. The resulting averages represent the level and quality of the corresponding Call Quality Sample, i.e. the portion of the call over which level and quality have been measured. AV_RXLEV_xx_VQ = Average xx level measured over a Call Quality Sample (VQ_AVERAGE SACCH) AV_RXQUAL_xx_VQ = Average xx quality measured over a Call Quality Sample (VQ_AVERAGE SACCH)
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12197AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 7 Page 20
0 -110
1 7 21
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring RMS Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
Level (dBm)
VQ_RXLEV
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010
-47
VQ_RXLEV = radio level threshold to classify a CQS as bad coverage CQS. VQ_RXQUAL = radio quality threshold to classify a CQS as bad coverage CQS. VQ_INTF_THRESHOLD = Ratio of bad CQS (interference or bad coverage) to classify a Call as Noisy. A call is classified as:
Noisy xx Interference if Ratio of xx interfered CQS > VQ_INTF_THRESHOLD Noisy xx Coverage if Ratio of xx bad coverage CQS > VQ_INTF_THRESHOLD Noisy xx Undefined if Ratio of (xx interfered CQS + xx bad coverage CQS) > VQ_INTF_THRESHOLD
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12197AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 7 Page 21
RMS parameters: Call Quality Statistics Parameters used to determine if a call is noisy (according to RXQUAL) and of bad voice quality (according to FER)
VQ_AVERAGE: averaging window size on measurement results to obtain Call Quality Samples (CQSs) (0 SACCH mfr to 128 Smf) VQ_RXLEV: radio level threshold to specify a bad coverage CQS for noisy call statistics (-110 to -65 dBm) VQ_RXQUAL: radio quality threshold to specify a bad quality (RXQUAL) CQS for noisy call statistics (0 to 7) VQ_RXQUAL_VS_RXFER: radio quality threshold to specify a bad or a good quality CQS correlated to bad or good FER measurements for noisy call statistics (0 to 7)
1 7 22
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring RMS Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All these parameters are included in the RMS PM Type 31 result files as RMS counters:
Call Quality Sample (A CQS) will be qualified as of bad level if the Average RxLevel is lower than VQ_RXLEV. A CQS will be qualified as of bad quality if the Average RxQuality is greater than VQ_RXQUAL. For FER counters, VQ_RXQUAL_VS_RXFER is used instead of VQ_RXQUAL to qualify a CQS as of bad quality if the Average FER is also checked (compared to VQ_xx_RXFER). Note: For CQS, the averaging process is non-sliding.
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12197AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 7 Page 22
1 7 23
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring RMS Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All these parameters are included in the RMS PM Type 31 result files as RMS counters:
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12197AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 7 Page 23
RMS counters
VQ_NOISY_UL_INTERFERENCE = RMS10 Number of calls suffering from interference problem on the uplink path VQ_NOISY_UL_INTERFERENCE is incremented whenever a call verifies:
100*(INTERFERED_UL_SAMPLES / NUM_UL_SAMPLES) > VQ_INTF_THRESHOLD
1 7 24
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring RMS Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
Call Quality Statistics counters are related only to speech channels. Considering:
AV_RXQUAL_UL_VQ: average on VQ_AVERAGE measurements of RXQUAL_UL AV_RXLEV_UL_VQ: average on VQ_AVERAGE measurements of RXLEV_UL
NUM_UL_SAMPLES: total number of averages calculated on UL measurements during the call on the considered TRX
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12197AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 7 Page 24
RMS counters
VQ_NOISY_UL_INTERFERENCE = RMS10 Number of calls suffering from interference problem on the uplink path VQ_NOISY_DL_INTERFERENCE = RMS11 Number of calls suffering from interference problem on the downlink path VQ_NOISY_UL_COVERAGE = RMS12 Number of calls suffering from bad coverage problem on the uplink path VQ_NOISY_DL_COVERAGE = RMS13 Number of calls suffering from bad coverage problem on the downlink path
1 7 25
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring RMS Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
RMS10 = VQ_NOISY_UL_INTERFERENCE is incremented whenever a call verifies: 100*(INTERFERED_UL_SAMPLES / NUM_UL_SAMPLES) > VQ_INTF_THRESHOLD with INTERFERED_UL_SAMPLES = nb of times when AV_RXQUAL_UL_VQ > VQ_RXQUAL and AV_RXLEV_UL_VQ>VQ_RXLEV considering AV_RXQUAL_UL_VQ: average on VQ_AVERAGE measurements of RXQUAL_UL AV_RXLEV_UL_VQ: average on VQ_AVERAGE measurements of RXLEV_UL NUM_UL_SAMPLES: total number of averages calculated on UL measurements during the call on the considered TRX RMS11 = VQ_NOISY_DL_INTERFERENCE is incremented whenever a call verifies: 100*(INTERFERED_DL_SAMPLES / NUM_DL_SAMPLES) > VQ_INTF_THRESHOLD with INTERFERED_DL_SAMPLES = nb of times when AV_RXQUAL_DL_VQ > VQ_RXQUAL and AV_RXLEV_DL_VQ>VQ_RXLEV considering AV_RXQUAL_DL_VQ: average on VQ_AVERAGE measurements of RXQUAL_DL AV_RXLEV_DL_VQ: average on VQ_AVERAGE measurements of RXLEV_DL NUM_DL_SAMPLES: total number of averages calculated on DL measurements during the call on the considered TRX RMS12 = VQ_NOISY_UL_COVERAGE is incremented whenever a call verifies: 100*(BAD_COVERAGE_UL_SAMPLES / NUM_UL_SAMPLES) > VQ_INTF_THRESHOLD with BAD_COVERAGE_UL_SAMPLES = nb of times when AV_RXQUAL_UL_VQ > VQ_RXQUAL and AV_RXLEV_UL_VQ<=VQ_RXLEV RMS13 = VQ_NOISY_DL_COVERAGE is incremented whenever a call verifies: 100*(BAD_COVERAGE_DL_SAMPLES / NUM_DL_SAMPLES) > VQ_INTF_THRESHOLD with BAD_COVERAGE_DL_SAMPLES = nb of times when AV_RXQUAL_DL_VQ > VQ_RXQUAL and AV_RXLEV_DL_VQ<=VQ_RXLEV
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12197AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 7 Page 25
RMS counters
VQ_NOISY_UL_UNDEFINED = RMS14 Number of calls suffering from both problems of interference and bad coverage on the uplink path
These calls are not counted in VQ_NOISY_UL_COVERAGE or VQ_NOISY_UL_INTERFERENCE
VQ_NOISY_DL_UNDEFINED = RMS15 Number of calls suffering from both problems of interference and bad coverage on the downlink path
These calls are not counted in VQ_NOISY_DL_COVERAGE or VQ_NOISY_DL_INTERFERENCE
1 7 26
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring RMS Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
RMS14 = VQ_NOISY_UL_UNDEFINED is incremented whenever a call verifies: 100*(BAD_COVERAGE_UL_SAMPLES / NUM_UL_SAMPLES) <= VQ_INTF_THRESHOLD and 100*(INTERFERED_UL_SAMPLES / NUM_UL_SAMPLES) <= VQ_INTF_THRESHOLD and 100*(BAD_QUALITY_UL_SAMPLES / NUM_UL_SAMPLES) > VQ_INTF_THRESHOLD with BAD_COVERAGE_UL_SAMPLES = nb of times when AV_RXQUAL_UL_VQ > VQ_RXQUAL and AV_RXLEV_UL_VQ<=VQ_RXLEV INTERFERED_UL_SAMPLES = nb of times when AV_RXQUAL_UL_VQ > VQ_RXQUAL and AV_RXLEV_UL_VQ > VQ_RXLEV BAD_QUALITY_UL_SAMPLES = INTERFERED_UL_SAMPLES + BAD_COVERAGE_UL_SAMPLES = nb of times when AV_RXQUAL_UL_VQ > VQ_RXQUAL RMS15 = VQ_NOISY_DL_UNDEFINED is incremented whenever a call verifies: 100*(BAD_COVERAGE_DL_SAMPLES / NUM_DL_SAMPLES) <= VQ_INTF_THRESHOLD and 100*(INTERFERED_DL_SAMPLES / NUM_DL_SAMPLES) <= VQ_INTF_THRESHOLD and 100*(BAD_QUALITY_DL_SAMPLES / NUM_DL_SAMPLES) > VQ_INTF_THRESHOLD with BAD_COVERAGE_DL_SAMPLES = nb of times when AV_RXQUAL_DL_VQ > VQ_RXQUAL and AV_RXLEV_DL_VQ<=VQ_RXLEV INTERFERED_DL_SAMPLES = nb of times when AV_RXQUAL_DL_VQ > VQ_RXQUAL and AV_RXLEV_DL_VQ > VQ_RXLEV BAD_QUALITY_DL_SAMPLES = INTERFERED_DL_SAMPLES + BAD_COVERAGE_DL_SAMPLES = nb of times when AV_RXQUAL_DL_VQ > VQ_RXQUAL
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12197AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 7 Page 26
RMS counters
VQ_NOISY_UL_BAD_FER = RMS16 Number of calls with bad quality measurements and with bad FER measurements on the uplink path
Bad quality means bad RXQUAL whatever RXLEV is
VQ_NOISY_UL_GOOD_FER = RMS17 Number of calls with bad quality measurements but with good FER measurements on the uplink path VQ_ABNORMAL_BAD_FER = RMS18 Number of calls with fair quality measurements but with bad FER measurements on the uplink path
1 7 27
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring RMS Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
RMS16 = VQ_NOISY_UL_BAD_FER is incremented whenever a call verifies: 100*(BAD_QUALITY_UL_SAMPLES / NUM_UL_SAMPLES) > VQ_INTF_THRESHOLD and 100*(BAD_QUAL_BAD_FER_UL_SAMPLES / BAD_QUALITY_UL_SAMPLES) > VQ_FER_THRESHOLD with BAD_QUALITY_UL_SAMPLES = INTERFERED_UL_SAMPLES + BAD_COVERAGE_UL_SAMPLES = nb of times when AV_RXQUAL_UL_VQ > VQ_RXQUAL BAD_QUAL_BAD_FER_UL_SAMPLES = nb of times when AV_RXQUAL_UL_VQ > VQ_RXQUAL_VS_RXFER and AV_RXFER_UL_VQ > VQ_BAD_RXFER considering AV_RXFER_UL_VQ: average on VQ_AVERAGE measurements of FER RMS17 = VQ_NOISY_UL_GOOD_FER is incremented whenever a call verifies: 100*(BAD_QUALITY_UL_SAMPLES / NUM_UL_SAMPLES) > VQ_INTF_THRESHOLD and 100*(BAD_QUAL_GOOD_FER_UL_SAMPLES / BAD_QUALITY_UL_SAMPLES) > VQ_FER_THRESHOLD with BAD_QUALITY_UL_SAMPLES = INTERFERED_UL_SAMPLES + BAD_COVERAGE_UL_SAMPLES = nb of times when AV_RXQUAL_UL_VQ > VQ_RXQUAL BAD_QUAL_GOOD_FER_UL_SAMPLES = nb of times when AV_RXQUAL_UL_VQ > VQ_RXQUAL_VS_RXFER and AV_RXFER_UL_VQ <= VQ_GOOD_RXFER RMS18 = VQ_ABNORMAL_BAD_FER is incremented whenever a call verifies: 100*(FAIR_QUAL_BAD_FER_UL_SAMPLES / FAIR_QUALITY_UL_SAMPLES) > VQ_FER_THRESHOLD with FAIR_QUALITY_UL_SAMPLES = nb of times when AV_RXQUAL_UL_VQ < VQ_RXQUAL_VS_RXFER FAIR_QUAL_BAD_FER_UL_SAMPLES = nb of times when AV_RXQUAL_UL_VQ<VQ_RXQUAL_VS_RXFER and AV_RXFER_UL_VQ>VQ_BAD_RXFER
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12197AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 7 Page 27
1 7 28
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring RMS Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12197AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 7 Page 28
5.1 Generalities
1 7 29
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring RMS Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
These RMS indicators are provided on the NPO tool per TRX, per Cell:
Vector of the Number of Measurement Results per Path Balance band RMPBV = RMS_PathBalance_sample Average Path Balance value RMPBAN = RMS_PathBalance_avg
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12197AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 7 Page 29
RMS7b=MAX_PATH_BALANCE
The real number of Measurement Results in which Path balance is in PATH BALANCE band j is equal to:
S(PATH BALANCE band j) x Max / 254 TPR_PATH_BALANCE(j) x MAX_PATH_BALANCE / 254
1 7 30
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring RMS Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
Path balance repartition Radio Link counter (Consecutive Frame Erasure) repartition C/I repartition AMR FR/HR/DL/UL usage repartition TA repartition (improved)
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12197AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 7 Page 30
1 7 31
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring RMS Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
This counter RMS3a=TPR_RXQUAL_UL_RXLEV_UL is a matrix (represented on the left side). This counter RMS3b=TMR_RXQUAL_UL_RXLEV_UL is a vector (represented on the right side). The real number of Measurement Results in which UL RxQual is equal to i and UL RxLev is in RXLEV band j, is equal to:
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12197AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 7 Page 31
RMS Parameters Radio Quality Statistics: Parameters used to define intervals for RXLEV, Path Balance, Radio Link Counter and Consecutive Frame Erasure, TA statistics No parameters needed for AMR measurements (counters, see later)
MEAS_STAT_LEV1 to MEAS_STAT_LEV9: 9 thresholds on the received radio level value defining 10 RXLEV bands
-110 MEAS_STAT_LEV(i+1) MEAS_STAT_LEV(i) < -47 dBm
MEAS_STAT_PATH_BAL1 to MEAS_STAT_PATH_BAL9: 9 thresholds on the radio signal propagation loss difference between UL and DL defining 10 Path Balance bands
-110< MEAS_STAT_PATHBAL(i) MEAS_STAT_PATHBAL(i+1) +110 dB
1 7 32
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring RMS Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All these parameters are included in the RMS PM Type 31 result files as RMS counters:
RMSpt5 = TAB_PAR_MEAS_LEV = Table of 9 parameters MEAS_STAT_LEVi RMSpt4 = TAB_PAR_MEAS_PATH_BALANCE = Table of 9 parameters MEAS_STAT_PATH_BALi
The Path Balance is computed by the BTS from each Measurement Result message as the difference between:
Path loss on the uplink: received level by the BTS - MS power level Path loss on the downlink: received level by the MS - BS power level
where the BTS power level is computed as the BTS nominal power minus by the BTS power relative level.
where
RXLEV_UL is the received signal levels measured by the BTS on the uplink path (in dBm). MS_TXPWR is the MS transmitted power converted by the BTS from the MS power level into dBm value according to the frequency band of the TRX. BS_TXPWR is the BTS transmitted power offset defined relatively to the maximum absolute output power of the BTS (negative value in dB). BTS_MAX_OUTPUT_POWER is the maximum power of the BTS after Combiner (in dBm). RXLEV_DL is the received signal levels measured by the MS on the downlink path (in dBm).
NOTE: Additional asymetric DL loss (external combiner) or UL gain (TMA) are not taken into account in the computation, so they must be considered when interpreting the RMS results.
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12197AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 7 Page 32
1 7 33
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring RMS Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All these parameters are included in the RMS PM Type 31 result files as RMS counters:
RMSpt3 = TAB_PAR_MEAS_STAT_S = Table of 9 parameters MEAS_STAT_Si RMSpb = PAR_TA_STAT RMSpt6 = TAB_PAR_MEAS_STAT_TA = Table of value for 9 parameters: MEAS_STAT_TA1 to TA9 a threshold on Timing Advance measurement to define bands used for RMS
For each active dedicated radio channel in a cell, a counter S called Radio Link Counter is:
decremented by 1 by the BTS each time an SACCH measurement from the mobile cannot be decoded (SACCH_BFI=1). incremented by 2 by the BTS each time a valid SACCH measurement is received from the mobile (SACCH_BFI=0). if S reaches N_BSTXPWR_M, a radio link recovery is triggered (BTS and MS power increased at their maximum). if S reaches 0, a Radio Link Failure is triggered (channel drop).
Therefore the value of S gives a measure of the quality of the radio uplink.
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12197AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 7 Page 33
TDMA: 4,616ms
T T T T T T T T T T T T C C C C C C C C C C C C H H H H H H H H H H H H
S A C C H
T T T T T T T T T T T T C C C C C C C C C C C C H H H H H H H H H H H H
T T T T T T T T T T T T C C C C C C C C C C C C H H H H H H H H H H H H
T T T T T T T T T T T T C C C C C C C C C C C C H H H H H H H H H H H H
S A C C H
T T T T T T T T T T T T C C C C C C C C C C C C H H H H H H H H H H H H
T T T T T T T T T T T T C C C C C C C C C C C C H H H H H H H H H H H H
S A C C H
T T T T T T T T T T T T C C C C C C C C C C C C H H H H H H H H H H H H
Sf 1
Sf 2
Sf 3
Sf 4
Sf 5
Sf 6
Sf 7
Sf 8
Sf 9
Sf 10
Sf 11
Sf 12
Sf 13 Sf 14
Sf 15
Sf 16
Sf 17
Sf 18
Sf 19 Sf 20
Sf 21
Sf 22
Sf 23
Sf 24
1 7 34
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring RMS Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All these parameters are included in the RMS PM Type 31 result files as RMS counters: RMSpt2 = TAB_PAR_MEAS_STAT_BFI = Table of 9 parameters MEAS_STAT_BFIi Consecutive Frame Erasure (CFE) MEAS_STAT_BFIi parameters define 9 intervals of cumulated numbers of consecutive speech frames which have a Bad Frame Indicator value set to 1 (it means that the speech frame is considered as erroneous by the BTS). As the TC will erase speech frames for which a Bad Frame Indicator flag (BFI) has been set to the value 1 by the BTS, a BFI is used in the RMS counters description whereas the CFE is used in the RMS indicators defined in the NPO tool. Note: By default, a BFI relates to a speech frame. When considering SACCH measurement, SACCH_BFI should be used.
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12197AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 7 Page 34
TMR_RXQUAL_UL_RXLEV_UL: vector of 10 elements ULRXQUAL(RXLEV band j), each element is made up of:
the maximum value of the 8 real numbers of samples in which UL RxQual is equal to i (i=0 to 7) and UL RxLev is reported in RXLEV band j
1 7 35
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring RMS Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
RMS3a=TPR_RXQUAL_UL_RXLEV_UL
RMS3b=TMR_RXQUAL_UL_RXLEV_UL
The real number of Measurement Results in which UL RxQual is equal to i and UL RxLev is in RXLEV band j, is equal to: S(RXQUAL i, RXLEV band j) x Max j / 254 TPR_RXQUAL_UL_RXLEV_UL(i,j) x TMR_RXQUAL_UL_RXLEV_UL(j) / 254
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12197AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 7 Page 35
TMR_RXQUAL_DL_RXLEV_DL: vector of 10 elements DLRXQUAL(RXLEV band j), each element is made up of:
the maximum value of the 8 real numbers of samples in which DL RxQual is equal to i (i=0 to 7) and DL RxLev is reported in RXLEV band j
1 7 36
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring RMS Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
RMS4a=TPR_RXQUAL_DL_RXLEV_DL
RMS4b=TMR_RXQUAL_DL_RXLEV_DL
The real number of Measurement Results in which DL RxQual is equal to i and DL RxLev is in RXLEV band j, is equal to: S(RXQUAL i, RXLEV band j) x Max j / 254 TPR_RXQUAL_DL_RXLEV_DL(i,j) x TMR_RXQUAL_DL_RXLEV_DL(j) / 254
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12197AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 7 Page 36
MAX_PATH_BALANCE:
the maximum value of the 10 real numbers of samples for which the computed Path Balance is in PATH BALANCE band j (j=1 to 10)
1 7 37
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring RMS Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
RMS7a=TPR_PATH_BALANCE
RMS7b=MAX_PATH_BALANCE
The real number of Measurement Results in which Path balance is in PATH BALANCE band j, is equal to: S(PATH BALANCE band j) x Max / 254 TPR_PATH_BALANCE(j) x MAX_PATH_BALANCE / 254
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12197AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 7 Page 37
MAX_RADIO_LINK:
the maximum value of the 10 real numbers of samples for which the Uplink Radio Link Counter is in S band j (j=1 to 10)
1 7 38
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring RMS Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
RMS6a=TPR_RADIO_LINK
RMS6b=MAX_RADIO_LINK
The real number of Measurement Results in which Uplink Radio Link Counter is in S band j, is equal to: S(S band j) x Max / 254 TPR_RADIO_LINK(j) x MAX_RADIO_LINK / 254
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12197AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 7 Page 38
TMR_BFI_RXLEV_UL: vector of 10 elements ULBFI(RXLEV band j), each element is made up of:
the maximum value of the 10 real numbers of SACCH multi-frames in which the number of consecutive speech frames with BFIs set to 1 is in BFI band i (i=0 to 9) and UL RxLev reported in the corresponding measurement results is in RXLEV band j
1 7 39
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring RMS Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
RMS5a=TPR_BFI_RXLEV_UL
RMS5b= TPM_BFI_RXLEV_UL
The real number of Measurement Results in which the number of consecutive speech frames with BFIs set to 1 is in BFI band i and UL RxLev is in RXLEV band j, is equal to: S(BFI i, RXLEV band j) x Max j / 254 TPR_BFI_RXLEV_UL(i,j) x TMR_BFI_RXLEV_UL(j) / 254
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12197AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 7 Page 39
RMS Counters Radio Quality Statistics The BTS increments the BFI (or CFE) counter as soon as consecutive speech frames cannot be decoded
isolated speech frames with BFIs set to 1 are not counted sequences of not decoded speech frames are cumulated
SACCH mfr
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1
Sf 1 Sf 2 Sf 3 Sf 4 Sf 5 Sf 6
BFI
0
Sf 7 Sf 8 Sf 9 Sf 10 Sf 11 Sf 12 Sf 13 Sf 14 Sf 15 Sf 16 Sf 17 Sf 18 Sf 19 Sf 20 Sf 21 Sf 22 Sf 23 Sf 24 SACCH f.
CFE
0 10 0 11 0 9 0 12 0 12 0 11 0 11 0 10 1 3 2 2 3 0 3 8 3 9 3 5 4 3 4 7 4 2 5 1 6 2 6 7 6 3 6 8 2 6 3 7 5 7
RxLev UL
Av_RxLev_UL= - 110 + INT[(10+11+9+12+12+11+11+10+3+2+0+8+9+5+3+7+2+1+2+7+3+8+2+3+5)/25] = -104 dBm
1 7 40
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring RMS Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010
RMS5a=TPR_BFI_RXLEV_UL
RMS5b= TPM_BFI_RXLEV_UL
The real number of Measurement Results in which the number of consecutive speech frames with BFIs set to 1 is in BFI band i and UL RxLev is in RXLEV band j, is equal to: S(BFI i, RXLEV band j) x Max j / 254 TPR_BFI_RXLEV_UL(i,j) x TMR_BFI_RXLEV_UL(j) / 254
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12197AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 7 Page 40
RMS Counters for AMR Monitoring Radio Quality Statistics To provide a better tool to dimension the AMR thresholds, B9 introduces a new set of RMS counters to verify the use of different speech codecs: For Full Rate and Uplink:
AMR_FR_UL_BAD= RMS44a that has 8 cells (1 for each FR codec) with the relative number of bad speech frames received in uplink. MAX_AMR_FR_UL_BAD= RMS44b that indicates the maximum number of bad speech frames received in uplink in one FR codec.
AMR FR codec used in uplink (TRX based)
1 7 41
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring RMS Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
RMS5a=TPR_BFI_RXLEV_UL
RMS5b= TPM_BFI_RXLEV_UL
The real number of Measurement Results in which the number of consecutive speech frames with BFIs set to 1 is in BFI band i and UL RxLev is in RXLEV band j, is equal to: S(BFI i, RXLEV band j) x Max j / 254 TPR_BFI_RXLEV_UL(i,j) x TMR_BFI_RXLEV_UL(j) / 254
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12197AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 7 Page 41
RMS Counters for AMR Monitoring Radio Quality Statistics AMR thresholds; different speech codecs: For Half Rate and Uplink:
AMR_HR_UL_BAD= RMS45a that has 8 cells (1 for each HR codec) with the relative number of bad speech frames received in uplink. MAX_AMR_HR_UL_BAD= RMS45b that indicates the maximum number of bad speech frames received in uplink in one HR codec. AMR HR codec used in uplink (TRX based)
1 7 42
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring RMS Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
RMS5a=TPR_BFI_RXLEV_UL
RMS5b= TPM_BFI_RXLEV_UL
The real number of Measurement Results in which the number of consecutive speech frames with BFIs set to 1 is in BFI band i and UL RxLev is in RXLEV band j, is equal to: S(BFI i, RXLEV band j) x Max j / 254 TPR_BFI_RXLEV_UL(i,j) x TMR_BFI_RXLEV_UL(j) / 254
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12197AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 7 Page 42
RMS Counters for AMR Monitoring Radio Quality Statistics AMR Table; different speech codecs: For Full Rate, UL & DL
AMR_FR_UL_RXLEV_UL= RMS46a that has a table (8x10) with relative number of correct speech frames received in uplink in each AMR FR codec (8 codecs) and each level band (10 level bands). MAX_AMR_FR_UL_RXLEV_UL= RMS46b that has the 10 maximum results. Each cell Ci of the table indicates the greatest value of the Vik for a i given in RMS46a. AMR_FR_DL_RXLEV_DL= RMS47a that has a table (8x10) with relative number of correct speech frames received in downlink in each AMR FR codec (8 codecs) and each level band (10 level bands). MAX_AMR_FR_DL_RXLEV_DL= RMS47b that has a table of 10 maximum results. Each cell Ci of the table indicates the greatest value of the Vik for a i given in RMS47a.
1 7 43
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring RMS Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12197AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 7 Page 43
1 7 44
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring RMS Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12197AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 7 Page 44
MAX_TA:
maximum value of Timing Advance among all TA values reported in the measurement results used for RMS
1 7 45
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring RMS Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12197AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 7 Page 45
RMS Counters for Timing Advance A new set of RMS counters related with timing advance analysis. TRX Based. (Rxlev for UL and DL)
TPR_TIMING_ADVANCE= RMS50a that has 10 cells (1 for each timing advance band) with relative number of measurements in each Timing advance band. MAX_TIMING_ADVANCE = RMS50b that has the greatest number of measurements in one Timing advance band. TPR_UL_RXLEV_TA_BAND= RMS51 that has 10 cells (1 for each timing advance band) with average of uplink rxlev in corresponding timing advance band. TPR_DL_RXLEV_TA_BAND= RMS52 that has 10 cells (1 for each timing advance band) with average of downlink rxlev in corresponding timing advance band.
1 7 46
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring RMS Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
The distribution of number of measurement reports for which the value of timing advance is in TA band X is described below:
There are 10 TA bands which are defined through 9 thresholds parameters, tunable on a cell basis, using the RMS_parameters_template:
The TRE counts for each TA band the number of measurement results, N1 to N10. To save on the memory resources, these counters are sent to the BSC in a coded format.
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12197AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 7 Page 46
RMS Counters for Timing Advance A new set of RMS counters related with timing advance analysis. Uplink:
TPR_UL_RXQUAL_TA_BAND= RMS53: Table of 10 results that has 10 cells (1 for each timing advance band) with average of uplink rxqual in corresponding timing advance band.
Downlink:
TPR_DL_RXQUAL_TA_BAND= RMS54 Table of 10 results that has 10 cells (1 for each timing advance band) with average of uplink rxqual in corresponding timing advance band.
1 7 47
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring RMS Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
TPR_UL_RXQUAL_TA_BAND= RMS53 Table of 10 results; Each cell (i) of the table contains the average value of UpLink Rxqual of reports in TA band i. Averaged Rxqual is given with a precision of 2 digits after the comma (step size for coding = 0.01, 0 coded 0, 0.01 coded 1, ...). i = 1...10 TA band i is defined by MEAS_STAT_TA_ (i-1)<= Timing Advance < MEAS_STAT_TA_i MEAS_STAT_TA_0 = 0 bper, MEAS_STAT_LEV_10 = 63 bper. TPR_DL_RXQUAL_TA_BAND= RMS54 Table of 10 results (same for Downlink).
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12197AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 7 Page 47
RMS Counters for Timing Advance MAX_POWER_PER_TRX Maximum GMSK TRX power level applied at the BTS antenna output connector in dBm.
The power takes into account the different losses (cables, internal combiners) TRX Based
1 7 48
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring RMS Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
MAX_POWER_PER_TRX= RMSPw3 Maximum GMSK TRX power level applied at the BTS antenna output connector in dBm. The power takes into account the different losses (cables, internal combiners) and the internal/ external leveling but it does not take into account the BS-TXPWR-MAX, attenuation required by the OMC_R. If the feature unbalancing TRX output power per BTS sector" is activated (parameter En-Unbalanced-OutputPower set to 1), the counter is set by the BTS to the power required by the BSC for the corresponding TRE (i.e. for the TRE on which is mapped that TRX).
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12197AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 7 Page 48
6 C/I Statistics
1 7 49
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring RMS Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12197AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 7 Page 49
6 C/I Statistics
Storage and Computation Methods In order to provide an efficient storage, the "vector method" already seen for previous RMS statistics will be used for C/I counters C/I expressed in logarithmic scale (dB)
(C/I)dB = CdBm - IdBm = 10 log10(CmW) - 10 log10(ImW) = 10 log10(C/I)mW
1 7 50
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring RMS Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12197AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 7 Page 50
6 C/I Statistics
RMS Parameters C/I statistics: parameters defining intervals for C/I statistics
MEAS_STAT_C_I1 to MEAS_STAT_C_I9: 9 thresholds on the Carrier/Interference ratio defining 10 C/I bands
-63 < MEAS_STAT_C_I(i) MEAS_STAT_C_I(i+1) +63 dB
EN_BALANCED_CI: boolean indicating if the C/I value reported by the BTS is balanced or not NEIGB_CELL_ID: (BCCH,BSIC) of the neighboring cell for which the C/I statistics per neighboring cell are reported Frequency ARFCN: ARFCN of the frequency for which the C/I statistics per MAFA frequency are reported
Annex 2
1 7 51
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring RMS Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All these parameters are included in the RMS PM Type 31 result files as RMS counters:
RMSpt1 = TAB_PAR_MEAS_STAT_C/I = Table of 9 parameters MEAS_STAT_C_Ii RMSp80 = NEIGB_CELL_ID RMSp90 = Frequency ARFCN
The C/I ratio is computed by the BTS from each Measurement Result message as the difference between:
the downlink signal level measured by the MS on the serving TCH channel = C (dBm) the downlink signal level measured by the MS on the neighboring BCCH channel = I (dBm)
Two computation formulae may be used taking into account a corrective factor in case DL Power Control is used in the serving cell:
If EN_BALANCED_CI = False
else C/I (dB) = RXLEV_DL + abs(BS_TXPWR - BS_TXPWR_MAX) - RXLEV_NCELL The expression (RXLEV_DL + abs(BS_TXPWR - BS_TXPWR_MAX)) can be seen as a kind of normalized received power level in case the BTS would always have used the maximum allowed transmit power level on the TCH channel.
For C/I statistics per MAFA frequency: The C/I ratio is computed by the BTS from each Extended Measurement Report message in the same way as the C/I ratio per neighboring cell.
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12197AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 7 Page 51
6 C/I Statistics
MR_CIN:
maximum value of the 10 real numbers of samples for which the computed Carrier/Interference ratio is in C/I band j (j=1 to 10)
1 7 52
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring RMS Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
RMS8a=TPR_CIN
RMS8b=TMR_CIN
For each reported neighboring cell (BCCH/BSIC): the Real number of Measurement Results for which the computed Carrier/Interference ratio is in C/I band j, is equal to: S(C/I band j) x Max / 254 TPR_CIN(j) x TMR_CIN / 254 For each declared/reported neighboring cell, the identification of this cell shall be done as follows: BCCH_ARFCN and BSIC. The BCCH ARFCN is deduced in the BTS from the BCCH frequency index and the list of indexed frequencies (sent by the BSC at the beginning of the RMS job). The RMS results report shall include all reported neighboring cells. Some of them correspond to known cells at the BSS level (i.e. their BSIC matches what is expected at the BSC side) but some of them are unknown (their BSIC does not match). However, the BTS will handle the same for both cases. The list of frequencies to be monitored by the mobile is limited to 33 but due to resurgence, the same frequency can be reported several times (each time with a different BSIC). If the number of reported cells is above the dimensioning limit (maximum 42 CI-vectors are reported), the extra new reported frequencies are not taken into account anymore. In the result report, the related overflow indicator is set accordingly.
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12197AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 7 Page 52
6 C/I Statistics
MR_CIF:
maximum value of the 10 real numbers of samples for which the computed Carrier/Interference ratio is in C/I band j (j=1 to 10)
TPR_CIF and MR_CIF counters are provided for up to 21 frequencies (serving cell BCCH + 20 MAFA frequencies)
1 7 53
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring RMS Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
RMS9a=TPR_CIF
RMS9b=TMR_CIF
For each reported MAFA frequency (ARFCN): the Real number of Extended Measurement Results for which the computed Carrier/Interference ratio is in C/I band j, is equal to: S(C/I band j) x Max / 254 TPR_CIF(j) x TMR_CIF / 254 For each reported MAFA frequency, the identification of this frequency shall be done as follows: Frequency ARFCN. In case of a frequency reported via an Extended Measurement Reporting, no BSIC is required: the frequency ARFCN is not directly linked to a BCCH frequency. The ARFCN value of the frequency is deduced in the BTS from the place of the measurement in the EXTENDED_ MEASUREMENT_REPORT and from the ordered frequency list in the Extended Measurement Order. This list is built by the OMC-R and passed via BSC to BTS at the beginning of the RMS job. The maximum number of frequencies in the order (EMO) is the maximum defined in GSM (=21). Hence the maximum in the report is 21 too. When in exceptional cases, more results are available (future expansion in GSM), only the first 21 are reported. The BCCH frequency of the serving cell shall 3JK12197AAAAWBZZA always be part of Issue the EMO-frequency list. 1
Section 1 Module 7 Page 53 All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010
1 7 54
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring RMS Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12197AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 7 Page 54
Voice Quality indicators are based on calls Noisy calls are associated with a cause of bad coverage, interference or with an undefined cause
FER is more reliable than RXQUAL to assess VQ Noisy calls indicators can also be computed from FER measurements
Noisy calls with bad or good FER Calls not detected as noisy but with bad FER
1 7 55
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring RMS Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
The fact that FER measurements are more reliable than RXQUAL ones to assess the VQ is even more true when using Slow Frequency Hopping. In this case, RXQUAL values are not anymore correlated to Voice Quality as perceived by the end user. FER measurements are available for the uplink path only. These RMS indicators are provided on the NPO tool per TRX, per Cell:
Number of Noisy calls suffering from problem of bad coverage on the uplink path RMVQULVN = RMS_call_noisy_UL_bad_coverage
Number of Noisy calls suffering from problem of interference on the uplink path RMVQUIFN = RMS_call_noisy_UL_interference
Number of Noisy calls suffering from problem of interference and bad coverage considered together on the uplink path RMVQUUKN = RMS_call_noisy_UL_undefined Rate of Noisy calls suffering from problems of interference or/and bad coverage on the uplink path RMVQUNOR = RMS_call_noisy_UL_rate
Note: The 4 indicators above can be provided for Noisy calls suffering of VQ problems on the dowlink path.
Rate of Noisy calls but with good FER measurements on the uplink path RMVQFEGR = RMS_call_noisy_good_FER_rate
Rate of Noisy calls and also with bad FER measurements on the uplink path RMVQFEBR = RMS_call_noisy_bad_FER_rate
Rate of calls with fair quality measurements but with bad FER measurements on the uplink path RMVQFEAR = RMS_call_abnormal_bad_FER_rate This last indicator can be used in order to tune the RMS VQ parameters used to characterize a call as Noisy.
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12197AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 7 Page 55
Not acceptable coverage limit: Too low level Too bad quality
1 7 56
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring RMS Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
A coverage problem is observed when a significant amount of the traffic of a cell is suffering from both low level and bad quality (RxQual). To confirm the distribution of samples per RXLEV band, should be also considered to know the proportion of calls which are experiencing a low signal level. If a lot of samples of low level and bad quality are observed for only a sub-part of the TRXs (can be one only) then a BTS hardware problem or a problem on the aerials should be suspected. If all the TRXs are experiencing a lot of samples of low level and bad quality then a coverage problem shall be suspected. These RMS indicators are provided on the NPO tool per TRX, per Cell:
Matrix of Number of Measurement Results per DL RxQual value and per DL RxLev band RMQLDSAM = RMS_DL_RxQuality_RxLevel_sample
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12197AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 7 Page 56
Not acceptable coverage limit: Too low level Too bad quality
Acceptable coverage limit: Sufficient level and good quality % of TA value over TA threshold has also to be considered
1 7 57
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring RMS Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
In order to know if the coverage problem is due to a big amount of traffic at the cell border or rather to indoor calls, the average TA value per RXQUAL value and RXLEV band as well as the Percentage of TA values over the TA threshold should be observed.
Matrix of Average TA per UL RxQual value and per UL RxLev band RMQLUTAM = RMS_UL_RxQuality_RxLevel_TimingAdvance
Rate of Measurements Results whose TA is greater than the TA threshold RMTAGTR = RMS_TimingAdvance_greater_threshold_rate
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12197AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 7 Page 57
Exercise 1
Give the list of the RMS counters and parameters used in the 3 previous slides.
1 7 58
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring RMS Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12197AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 7 Page 58
Exercise 2
1 7 59
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring RMS Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12197AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 7 Page 59
These RMS indicators are provided on the NPO tool per TRX, per Cell:
Matrix of Number of Measurement Results per DL RxQual value and per DL RxLev band RMQLDSAM = RMS_DL_RxQuality_RxLevel_sample Vector of Average DL RxQual per RxLev band RMQLDQUAV = RMS_DL_RxQuality_avg_per_RxLevel Average DL RxQuality RMQLDQUAN = RMS_DL_RxQuality_avg
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12197AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 7 Page 60
Exercise 3
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12197AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 7 Page 61
Exercise 4
1 7 62
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring RMS Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12197AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 7 Page 62
Exercise 5
Interpret
this graph.
1 7 63
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring RMS Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12197AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 7 Page 63
8 Additional Information
1 7 64
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring RMS Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12197AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 7 Page 64
8 Additional Information
RMS Counters
Counters used for post-processing the RMS results provided per TRX
TOT_SEIZ_TCH: number of TCH channels successfully seized by the MS TOT_MEAS: number of Measurement Results used for RMS TOT_MEAS_L1INFO_NOL3INFO: number of Measurement Results used for RMS statistics for which Layer 1 info is present but Layer 3 is missing TOT_MEAS_DTX_UL: number of Measurement Results used for RMS statistics for which DTX UL was used in the corresponding SACCH mfr TOT_MEAS_DTX_DL: number of Measurement Results used for RMS statistics for which DTX DL was used in the corresponding SACCH mfr TOT_EMR: number of Extended Measurement Results used for RMS statistics
1 7 65
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring RMS Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
RMS31 = TOT_SEIZ_TCH RMS32 = TOT_MEAS RMS33 = TOT_MEAS_L1INFO_NOL3INFO RMS34 = TOT_MEAS_DTX_UL RMS35 = TOT_MEAS_DTX_DL RMS38 = TOT_EMR
Note:
If during an SACCH measurement, DTX is applied on the uplink path (DTX_UL =1), the counters on consecutive BFIs (RMS5a, RMS5b) shall not be incremented and the corresponding measurement result shall not be taken into account in these RMS counters. If during an SACCH measurement, DTX is applied on the uplink path (DTX_UL = 1), the FER measurement does not take place.
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12197AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 7 Page 65
8 Additional Information
Counters used for interpreting the RMS results provided per TRX:
TRE_BAND: frequency band of the TRX BS_TX_PWRMAX: effective maximum output power of the BTS on any channel of the TRX as an offset from the maximum absolute output power (in dB) MS_TX_PWRMAX: effective maximum output power of the MS using any channel of the TRX (in dBm) IND_TRE_OVERLOAD: boolean indicating if the TRE handling the TRX function has experienced a data loss due to a processor overload during the RMS campaign IND_RMS_RESTARTED: boolean indicating if the RMS job has been restarted on the concerned TRE during the RMS campaign due to a modification of the RMS parameter values or a TRE reset
1 7 66
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring RMS Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12197AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 7 Page 66
8 Additional Information
Counters used for interpreting the C/I RMS results provided per TRX:
IND_CI_PARTIAL_OBSERVATION: made up of 2 booleans indicating that:
C/In computation has been restarted due to the modification of the list of neighboring cells during the RMS campaign C/If computation has been restarted due to the modification of the list of MAFA frequencies during the RMS campaign
IND_CI_OVERFLOW: boolean indicating that the upper limit of 42 C/I sets of counters has been exceeded (each new reported neighboring cell (BCCH, BSIC) has not been taken into account in RMS statistics)
1 7 67
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring RMS Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12197AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 7 Page 67
Please be reminded to fill in the form Self-Assessment on the Objectives for this module The form can be found in the first part of this course documentation
1 7 68
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring RMS Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12197AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 7 Page 68
1 7 69
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring RMS Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12197AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 7 Page 69
GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring TMO18096 D0 SG DEN I1.0 Issue 1
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12198AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 8 Page 1
Blank Page
182
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Traffic Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
Document History Edition 01 Date YYYY-MM-DD Author Last name, first name Remarks First edition
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12198AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 8 Page 2
Module Objectives
Upon completion of this module, you should be able to:
Describe BSS traffic indicators used for radio resource dimensioning
183
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Traffic Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12198AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 8 Page 3
184
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Traffic Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12198AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 8 Page 4
Table of Contents
Switch to notes view!
1 Call Mix Definition GSM Transactions Example Variation Usage Advises Exercise 2 Basis of Traffic Theory Erlang Definition Erlang from Call Mix Erlang B Law Erlang B Formulae Erlang B Abacus Erlang B Example Non Linearity of Erlang B Cell Dimensioning Dimensioning "a Priori" Dimensioning "a Posteriori" Forecast / Critical Traffic Exercise 3 TCH Resource Allocation Indicators Radio Allocation and Management MS Access 185 Speech Coding B11 GSM QoS Monitoring TrafficVersion Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring Distributions 4 Resource Occupancy Indicators TCH Resource TCH Resource SDCCH / ACH Resource 5 Traffic Model Indicators SDCCH Establishment Cause Mobiles Penetration SDCCH traffic indicators TCH traffic indicators 6 Preemption Indicators Preemption Principle Preemption Counters Preemption Feature Self-assessment on the Objectives End of Module Page 7 8 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 41 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12198AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 8 Page 5
186
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Traffic Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12198AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 8 Page 6
187
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Traffic Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12198AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 8 Page 7
GSM Transactions
188
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Traffic Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
In a GSM network, telecom procedures involve different kind of resources in the BSS:
Location Update: RACH, AGCH, SDCCH and SCCP Originated Call: RACH, AGCH, SDCCH, TCH and SCCP Terminated Call: PCH, RACH, AGCH, SDCCH, TCH and SCCP Handover: TCH, SCCP etc.
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12198AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 8 Page 8
One can quantify the number of each transaction per hour For example, for one cell, one can measure:
900 calls (600 TCs, 300 OCs) 3600 LUs (any type) 1350 HOs (900 internal, 450 external) 100 SMSs 5 SSs 6000 pagings With the following characteristics mean call duration on TCH: 50 seconds mean SDCCH duration: 3.2 seconds
189
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Traffic Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
data given by the Marketing team. data measured from the living network.
Before network design, a Call Mix is assessed from Marketing Studies or observations from other networks. After commercial opening, a Call Mix is measured from the real traffic. Caution: Call duration means here TCH duration. The duration of a call from call setup to call release is an NSS notion.
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12198AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 8 Page 9
Example
1 8 10
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Traffic Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
After commercial opening, the number of calls per hour will be measured from traffic counters. Usually the Marketing team will provide:
the traffic per km2 (in Erlang), the traffic per subscriber (in mErl).
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12198AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 8 Page 10
Variation
1 8 11
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Traffic Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12198AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 8 Page 11
Usage
1 8 12
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Traffic Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
A Call Mix will be used at Radio Network Design and Radio Network Planning stages in order to define the capacity of the network (number of sites, TRXs per site, radio configuration, number of Abis-PCM, A-PCM). When the network is in operation, a Call Mix is used in order to anticipate network extension or re-dimensioning.
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12198AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 8 Page 12
Advises
Some advises
LU/CALL: 1 is "good", 2 is "bad", 4 and more can be dangerous
beware of the Network or BSC averages which can hide critical cells
1 8 13
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Traffic Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12198AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 8 Page 13
Exercise
1 8 14
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Traffic Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12198AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 8 Page 14
1 8 15
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Traffic Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12198AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 8 Page 15
Erlang Definition
ERLANG: unit used to quantify traffic (intensity) T = (resource usage duration) / (total observation duration) [ERLANG] Example:
For 1 TCH, observed during 1 hour one can observe 2 calls: 1 of 80 seconds and 1 of 100 seconds
T = (80+100)/3600 = 0.05 ERLANG
1 8 16
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Traffic Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12198AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 8 Page 16
1 8 17
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Traffic Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12198AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 8 Page 17
Erlang B Law
In a Telecom system, the call arrival frequency is ruled by the POISSON law Erlang B law: relationship between:
offered traffic number of resources blocking rate
1 8 18
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Traffic Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12198AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 8 Page 18
Carried
Telecom system
E
N
N!
k 0
k!
1 8 19
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Traffic Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
the subscriber requests are not queued which is not always the case (TCH queued in the BSC), the subscriber does not repeat his call request if rejected, which is almost never the case.
Therefore the higher the blocking rate the worse is the approximation of the Erlang B law. The Erlang C law modelizes better the TCH resource usage of the BSS since it takes into account the queuing. However the Erlang C law is never used since parameters like size of the queue and time spent into the queue have to be tuned.
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12198AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 8 Page 19
Erlang B Formulae
1 8 20
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Traffic Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12198AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 8 Page 20
Erlang B Abacus
1 8 21
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Traffic Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12198AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 8 Page 21
Erlang B Example
Example:
1 cell with 8 TRXs, with 60 TCH channels Maximum blocking rate: 2 % Erlang law: 50 Offered Erlang 83 % of TCH resources used to reach 2% of blocking
1 8 22
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Traffic Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12198AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 8 Page 22
if we decide to provide SMSCB (Cell Broadcast information), 1 SDCCH stolen for CBCH
3 SDCCHs, Pblock = 2% 25% resources less => => T = 0.6 E 50% Traffic less!!
1 8 23
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Traffic Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12198AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 8 Page 23
Cell Dimensioning
Given an Offered traffic, compute the number of TRXs (and SDCCH) needed to carry it => What is the accepted blocking rate? Default blocking rate
RTCH: 2 % SDCCH: 0.5 % (for BSC TTCH: 0.1%)
1 8 24
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Traffic Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
The Erlang B law is less relevant for SDCCH dimensioning since SDCCH traffic cannot be modelized like TCH traffic. Indeed SDCCH is not only due to subscriber traffic but also to Location Update, SMS, IMSI Detach, etc. For SDCCH dimensioning, some typical configurations are used according to the number of TRXs in the cell, the LA plan.
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12198AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 8 Page 24
1 8 25
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Traffic Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12198AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 8 Page 25
1 8 26
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Traffic Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12198AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 8 Page 26
Forecast traffic
traffic forecasting must be computed according to the offered traffic
not directly on the measured traffic
In order to plan the necessary actions soon enough, one must compute regularly the date when the traffic of a cell will become critical
Critical traffic
critical traffic: when the offered traffic will induce 2% of blocking traffic capacity of a cell = critical traffic of this cell
1 8 27
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Traffic Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12198AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 8 Page 27
Exercise
traffic forecast
proposed config
450 call/ hour 10,08 Erlang TCH 30 % offered traffic 13,1 Erlang TCH - > 20 TCH mean TCH call duration : 80 increase 3 TR X sec blocking rate TCH : 0.8% 330 call/ hour mean TCH call duration 129 sec blocking rate 4% 600 call/ hour mean TCH call duration 96 sec blocking rate 8 % 30 % offered traffic increase
12,675
12,865
1 8 28
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Traffic Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12198AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 8 Page 28
1 8 29
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Traffic Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12198AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 8 Page 29
the requested channel rate (FR or HR) the radio capability of the mobile the TRE DR capability and the TRE band
selecting the best TCH resource among the available TCH channels of this pool according to several criteria
1 8 30
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Traffic Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12198AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 8 Page 30
MS Access
1 8 31
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Traffic Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
Refer to BSS - DEFINITION OF QUALITY OF SERVICE INDICATORS: Traffic Load and Traffic Model > TCH traffic > Speech version and Channel type These indicators can only be computed if PM Type 1 is activated in B7. From B8, the counters needed for these indicators are added to type 110. The following indicators are also computed:
Ratio of TCH normal assignment requests from FR mobiles over all TCH normal assignment requests from all mobile types = TCNARQMTO = MC701A / (MC701A+MC701B+MC701C+MC701D+MC701E) Ratio of TCH normal assignment requests from DR mobiles over all TCH normal assignment requests from all mobile types = TCNARQBTO = MC701B / (MC701A+MC701B+MC701C+MC701D+MC701E) Ratio of TCH normal assignment requests from DR+EFR mobiles over all TCH normal assignment requests from all mobile types = TCNARQTTO = MC701C / (MC701A+MC701B+MC701C+MC701D+MC701E)
Ratio of TCH normal assignment requests from AMR mobiles over all TCH normal assignment requests from all mobile types = TCNA3RQTTO = MC701D / (MC701A+MC701B+MC701C+MC701D+MC701E)
Ratio of TCH normal assignment requests for Data calls over all TCH normal assignment requests from all mobile types = TCNARQDTO = MC701E / (MC701A+MC701B+MC701C+MC701D+MC701E)
Number of handover intracell attempts with cause 27: "FR to HR channel adaptation due to a good radio quality" on a TCH channel = HCSTAMFN = MC448B
Number of handover intracell attempts with cause 26: "HR to FR channel adaptation due to a bad radio quality" on a TCH channel = HCSTAMHN = MC448A
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12198AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 8 Page 31
Speech coding Version capabilities distribution (NA only) Accessibility in type 110 since B8
TCH allocations with FR SV1 TCNACAFN= MC702A TCH allocations with HR SV1 TCNACAHN= MC702B TCH allocations with FR SV2 (EFR) TCNACAEN= MC702C TCH allocations with FR SV3 (AMR FR) TCNA3CAFN= MC704A TCH allocations with HR SV3 (AMR HR) TCNA3CAHN= MC704B TCH allocations for data call TCNACADN= MC705
1 8 32
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Traffic Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
Refer to BSS - DEFINITION OF QUALITY OF SERVICE INDICATORS: Traffic Load and Traffic Model > TCH traffic > Speech version and Channel type These indicators can only be computed if PM Type 1 is activated in B7. From B8, the counters needed for these Indicators are added to type 110. The following indicators are also computed: Ratio of TCH allocations with FR SV1 over all TCH allocations during normal assignment = TCNACAFTO = MC702A / (MC702A+MC702B+MC702C+MC704A+MC704B+MC705)
Ratio of TCH allocations with HR SV1 over all TCH allocations during normal assignment = TCNACAHTO = MC702B / (MC702A+MC702B+MC702C+MC704A+MC704B+MC705)
Ratio of TCH allocations with EFR over all TCH allocations during normal assignment = TCNACAETO = MC702C / (MC702A+MC702B+MC702C+MC704A+MC704B+MC705)
Ratio of TCH allocations with AMR FR over all TCH allocations during normal assignment = TCNA3CAFTO = MC704A / (MC702A+MC702B+MC702C+MC704A+MC704B+MC705)
Ratio of TCH allocations with AMR HR over all TCH allocations during normal assignment = TCNA3CAHTO = MC704A / (MC702A+MC702B+MC702C+MC704A+MC704B+MC705) Ratio of TCH allocations for Data calls over all TCH allocations during normal assignment = TCNACADTO = MC705 / (MC702A+MC702B+MC702C+MC704A+MC704B+MC705)
Rate of successful TCH allocations with AMR SV over all AMR MS requests = TCNA3SUR = (MC704A+MC704B) / MC701D
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12198AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 8 Page 32
Distributions
NA/HO distribution
Normal Assignment TCH allocation ratio TCNACAO = MC703 / (MC703 + [MC15A+MC15B]) Handover TCH allocation ratio TCHOCAO = [MC15A+MC15B] / (MC703 + [MC15A+MC15B])
1 8 33
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Traffic Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
Refer to BSS - DEFINITION OF QUALITY OF SERVICE INDICATORS: Traffic Load and Traffic Model > TCH traffic > Resource occupancy
MC370A = Number of FR TCH allocations (FR+EFR+AMR FR) MC370B = Number of HR TCH allocations (HR+AMR HR) MC703 = Number of TCH allocations for Normal Assignment MC15A = Number of TCH allocations for Internal Directed Retry MC15B = Number of TCH allocations for Handover (intra cell, internal, external)
TCNACAN indicator is also available as the MAX value of the day on the NPO tool. Some of these indicators are also available for SDCCH: SDCCH allocation distribution per TRX through the number of SDCCH allocations SDAHCAN = MC390 SDCCH Assignment/HO distribution through the ratio of SDCCH allocations for Assignment SDNACAO = MC148 / MC390
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12198AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 8 Page 33
1 8 34
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Traffic Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12198AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 8 Page 34
TCH Resource
1 8 35
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Traffic Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
Refer to BSS - DEFINITION OF QUALITY OF SERVICE INDICATORS: Traffic Load and Traffic Model > TCH traffic > Resource occupancy
MC380A = Cumulated FR TCH duration per TRX MC380B = Cumulated HR TCH duration per TRX TCTRME = Multiband MS TCH traffic in Erlang = MC381 / 3600 TCTRSE = Single band MS TCH traffic in Erlang = ([MC380A+MC380B] - MC381) / 3600
MC381 = Cumulated (FR+HR) TCH duration of Multiband mobiles per TRX A split of counters (MC380a and MC380b) is added, in B8, to make the distinction between traffic in different frequency bands: here after the corresponding stored indicators (type 110):
TCTRFTTGT = Time (in seconds) during which the TCH radio timeslot or dynamic SDCCH/8 timeslot in the GSM frequency band is busy in FR usage = MC380C TCTRHTTGT = Time (in seconds) during which the TCH radio timeslot or dynamic SDCCH/8 timeslot in the GSM frequency band is busy in HR usage = MC380D
TCTRFTTDT = Time (in seconds) during which the TCH radio timeslot or dynamic SDCCH/8 timeslot in the DCS/PCS frequency band is busy in FR usage = MC380E
TCTRHTTDT = Time (in seconds) during which the TCH radio timeslot or dynamic SDCCH/8 timeslot in the DCS/PCS frequency band is busy in HR usage = MC380F
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12198AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 8 Page 35
TCH Resource
Alc_Mono_RTCH_Traffic_Model
Alc_Half_rate_erlang - CELL2G: cell00301_03017 (301/3017) ( 999/F77/301/3017 ) - 17/05/2009 00 00:00 To 17/05/2009 23 23:00 (Working Zone: Global - Medium)
35 30 25 20 Er 15 10 5 0
09 2 09 2 2 2 2: 09 3 2 00 0 3: 09 0 0 00 0 0: 09 1 0 00 0 1: 09 2 0 00 0 2:0 09 3 0 0 0 3: 09 4 0 00 0 4: 09 5 0 00 0 5: 09 6 0 00 0 6: 09 7 0 00 0 7: 09 8 0 00 0 8: 09 9 0 00 1 9: 09 0 1 00 1 0: 09 1 1 00 1 1: 09 2 1 00 1 2: 09 3 1 00 1 3: 09 4 1 00 1 4: 09 5 1 00 1 5:0 09 6 1 0 1 6: 09 7 1 00 1 7: 09 8 1 00 1 8: 09 9 1 00 2 9: 09 0 2 00 21 0:0 21 0 :0 0
1 8 36
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Traffic Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
TCH traffic in Erlang TCTRE= (MC380A+MC380B) / 3600 TCH mean holding time (TCH average duration) TCTRMHT= (MC380A+MC380B) / (MC370A+MC370B) FR TCH traffic in Erlang TCTRE= MC380A / 3600 FR TCH mean holding time TCTRFMHT= MC380A/ MC370A HR TCH traffic in Erlang TCTRE= MC380B / 3600 HR TCH mean holding time TCTRHMHT= MC380B/ MC370B
TCTRFTTGT = Time (in seconds) during which the TCH radio timeslot or dynamic SDCCH/8 timeslot in the GSM frequency band is busy in FR usage = MC380C
TCTRHTTGT = Time (in seconds) during which the TCH radio timeslot or dynamic SDCCH/8 timeslot in the GSM frequency band is busy in HR usage = MC380D
TCTRFTTDT = Time (in seconds) during which the TCH radio timeslot or dynamic SDCCH/8 timeslot in the DCS/PCS frequency band is busy in FR usage = MC380E
TCTRHTTDT = Time (in seconds) during which the TCH radio timeslot or dynamic SDCCH/8 timeslot in the DCS/PCS frequency band is busy in HR usage = MC380F
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12198AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 8 Page 36
1 8 37
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Traffic Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
Refer to BSS - DEFINITION OF QUALITY OF SERVICE INDICATORS: Traffic Load and Traffic Model > SDCCH traffic > Resource occupancy
MC400 = Cumulated SDCCH duration per TRX MC380 = Number of SDCCH allocations per TRX
C750 and C751 are 2 counters introduced from B7 in type 18. Both are provided per TTCH (A channel):
C750 = TIME_A_CHANNEL_BUSY: Time (in seconds) during which the A channel is busy (allocated) C751 = NB_A_CHANNEL_ALLOC: Number of allocations of the A channel
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12198AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 8 Page 37
1 8 38
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Traffic Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12198AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 8 Page 38
Alc_Mono_SDCCH_Traffic_Model
MS originated traffic split - CELL2G: cell00301_03017 (301/3017) ( 999/F77/301/3017 ) - 17/05/2009 00 00:00 To 17/05/2009 23 23:00 (Working Zone: Global - Medium)
100% 90% 80% 70% 60% LCS Other IMSI detach Suppl Service SMS LU FOR Location Update MOC
nb
1 8 39
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Traffic Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
16 /0 5/ 20
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12198AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 8 Page 39
1 8 40
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Traffic Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
Refer to BSS - DEFINITION OF QUALITY OF SERVICE INDICATORS: Traffic Load and Traffic Model > SDCCH traffic > Traffic model SDCCH ASSIGN SUCCESS = Total number of SDCCH establishments for network access = MC01 + MC02 These indicators allow to get call mix data from the network.
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12198AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 8 Page 40
Mobiles Penetration
Alc_Mono_SpeechVersion_and_ChannelType_detailed
Split of requests - CELL2G: cell00301_03017 (301/3017) ( 999/F77/301/3017 ) 17/05/2009 00 00:00 To 17/05/2009 23 23:00 (Working Zone: Global - Medium)
100% 80% Data 60% AMR DR_EFR 40% 20% 0% DR FR
nb
1 8 41
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Traffic Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
16 /0 5/ 20 09 22 17 /0 22 5/ :0 20 0 09 00 17 /0 00 5/ :0 20 0 09 17 02 /0 02 5/ :0 20 0 09 04 17 /0 04 5/ :0 20 0 09 06 17 /0 06 5/ :0 20 0 09 17 08 /0 08 5/ :0 20 0 09 10 17 /0 10 5/ :0 20 0 09 1 17 2 /0 12 5/ :0 20 0 09 17 14 /0 14 5/ :0 20 0 09 16 17 /0 16 5/ :0 20 0 09 18 17 /0 18 5/ :0 20 0 09 20 20 :0 0
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12198AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 8 Page 41
1 8 42
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Traffic Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
Traffic Load and Traffic Model > SDCCH traffic > MS penetration rate Traffic Load and Traffic Model > TCH traffic > Speech version and Channel type [MC01+MC02]-[MC02A+MC02D+MC02G] = Total number of initial accesses for call establishment (except location update) MC706 = Number of initial accesses for call establishment (except location update) of MS supporting the E-GSM band MC850 = Number of initial accesses for call establishment (except location update) of MS supporting two frequency bands (ex: GSM900 and DCS1800) MC703 = Total number of TCH allocations (FR+HR) for Normal Assignment MC704A = Number of TCH allocations (FR) for Normal Assignment of AMR mobiles only MC704B = Number of TCH allocations (HR) for Normal Assignment of AMR mobiles only MC704 (Allocation AMR FR+HR) is removed in B8 MC170 = Number of TCH calls for which a TFO has been successfully established
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12198AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 8 Page 42
1 8 43
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Traffic Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
Report : Alc_Mono_SDCCH_traffic
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12198AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 8 Page 43
1 8 44
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Traffic Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
Report : Alc_Mono_RTCH_traffic
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12198AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 8 Page 44
6 Preemption Indicators
1 8 45
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Traffic Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12198AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 8 Page 45
6 Preemption Indicators
Preemption Principle
Preemption rules:
A TCH request with pci=1 and priority level=p1 will preempt an on-going call with pvi=1 and priority level=p2, p2 lower than p1 (whatever pci value) the on-going call with the lowest priority level value shall be elected first and if several calls have the same lowest p2 value, one of them with pci bit set to 0 is preferred
1 8 46
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Traffic Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
On Preemption capable TCH Request occurrence: 1. The TCH is established through Preemption if a lower priority level on-going call is preemptable. In this case, the on-going call is released and the freed TCH is served to the new request. 2. If no preemption is possible:
If queuing is possible: the TCH request is queued and either a Directed Retry or a Fast Traffic HO can be performed. If queuing is not possible: the TCH request is rejected and an ASSIGNMENT or HANDOVER FAILURE "no radio resource available" message is sent to the MSC.
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12198AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 8 Page 46
6 Preemption Indicators
Preemption Counters
MC921A = Number of TCH Requests with the capability to preempt another call with lower priority (pci=1) MC921B = Number of preemption capable TCH Requests (pci=1) served with TCH resource (with or without using the preemption feature). MC921C = Number of preempted calls MC921D = Number of preemption capable TCH Request (pci=1) successfully served in a neighboring cell with the help of the directed retry procedure MC921E = Number of preemptable calls successfully established (pvi=1)
1 8 47
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Traffic Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
Refer to BSS - DEFINITION OF QUALITY OF SERVICE INDICATORS: GLOBAL Quality of service INDICATORS> RTCH > Preemption feature
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12198AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 8 Page 47
6 Preemption Indicators
Preemption Feature
Ratio of preemption capable TCH Request which led to a successful Directed Retry
TCPPDSUCR = MC921D / MC921A
1 8 48
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Traffic Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
Refer to BSS - DEFINITION OF QUALITY OF SERVICE INDICATORS: GLOBAL Quality of service INDICATORS> RTCH > Preemption feature
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12198AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 8 Page 48
Please be reminded to fill in the form Self-Assessment on the Objectives for this module The form can be found in the first part of this course documentation
1 8 49
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Traffic Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12198AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 8 Page 49
1 8 50
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Traffic Indicators GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12198AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 8 Page 50
GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring TMO18096 D0 SG DEN I1.0 Issue 1
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12199AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 9 Page 1
Blank Page
192
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Case Studies GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
Document History Edition 01 Date YYYY-MM-DD Author Last name, first name Remarks First edition
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12199AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 9 Page 2
Module Objectives
Upon completion of this module, you should be able to:
Analyze with the KPI QoS some typical problems
193
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Case Studies GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12199AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 9 Page 3
194
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Case Studies GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12199AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 9 Page 4
Table of Contents
Switch to notes view!
1 Congestion Congestion Analysis 2 Sector Problem Scetor Problem Analysis 3 QSCSSR QSCSSR Analysis 4 Quality Quality Analysis 5 RMS Level RMS Level Analysis 6 Interference Interference Analysis 7 BSS Problem BSS Problem Analysis Self-assessment on the Objectives End of Module Page 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
195
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Case Studies GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12199AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 9 Page 5
196
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Case Studies GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12199AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 9 Page 6
1 Congestion
197
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Case Studies GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12199AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 9 Page 7
1 Congestion
Congestion Analysis
From this NPO table: What is the worst SDCCH congested cell?
198
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Case Studies GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12199AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 9 Page 8
2 Sector Problem
199
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Case Studies GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12199AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 9 Page 9
2 Sector Problem
In this trisectorised site, give the worst sector. What can you propose to do?
1 9 10
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Case Studies GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12199AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 9 Page 10
3 QSCSSR
1 9 11
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Case Studies GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12199AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 9 Page 11
3 QSCSSR
QSCSSR Analysis
Write the formula using the reference name (MCx) and compute the CSSR for these 2 cells:
(1 - SDCCH_drop_%) * ( 1 - RTCH_assign_unsuccess_%) With: SDCCH_drop_% = SDCCH_drop / SDCCH_assign_success RTCH_ass_Un_%= RTCH_assign_unsuccess / RTCH_assign_request
Definition SDCCH drops on SDCCH established phase due to Radio Link Fail. SDCCH drops during any outgoing SDCCH handover SDCCH drops in SDCCH established phase due to BSS problem SDCCH assign success for Mobile Terminating procedure SDCCH assign success for Mobile Originating procedure normal assignment requests for TCH establishment (HR or FR) TCH normal assignment successes (HR or FR)
Paris_Tower_S1 9 0 1 43 663 88 84
QSCSSR=?
1 9 12
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Case Studies GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12199AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 9 Page 12
4 Quality
1 9 13
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Case Studies GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12199AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 9 Page 13
4 Quality
Quality Analysis
Does it seem to be a good HO causes repartition? What can we check to analyze the problem?
1 9 14
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Case Studies GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12199AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 9 Page 14
5 RMS Level
1 9 15
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Case Studies GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12199AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 9 Page 15
5 RMS Level
1 9 16
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Case Studies GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12199AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 9 Page 16
6 Interference
1 9 17
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Case Studies GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12199AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 9 Page 17
6 Interference
Interference Analysis
Find 1 bad cell with some HO problem. What can you propose to do?
1 9 18
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Case Studies GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12199AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 9 Page 18
7 BSS Problem
1 9 19
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Case Studies GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12199AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 9 Page 19
7 BSS Problem
1 9 20
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Case Studies GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12199AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 9 Page 20
Please be reminded to fill in the form Self-Assessment on the Objectives for this module The form can be found in the first part of this course documentation
1 9 21
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Case Studies GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12199AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 9 Page 21
1 9 22
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Case Studies GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12199AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 9 Page 22
Module 10 Annexes
GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring TMO18096 D0 SG DEN I1.0 Issue 1
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12200AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 10 Page 1
Blank Page
1 10 2
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Annexes GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
Document History Edition 01 Date YYYY-MM-DD Author Last name, first name Remarks First edition
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12200AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 10 Page 2
Module Objectives
Upon completion of this module, you should be able to:
Describe List Explain Identify ...
1 10 3
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Annexes GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12200AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 10 Page 3
1 10 4
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Annexes GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12200AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 10 Page 4
Table of Contents
Switch to notes view!
1 Radio Measurement Reporting Radio Measurement Mechanisms Measurement Result Message 2 Extended Measurement Reporting (MAFA) Definition Extended Measurement Reporting Mechanisms 3 Directed Retry Indicators Internal DR - Success Case Incoming Internal DR - Failures Incoming Internal DR - Congestion Incoming Internal DR - Radio Failure Incoming Internal DR - Counters Incoming Internal DR - Indicators Outgoing Internal DR - Failures Outgoing Internal DR - Radio Failure ROC Outgoing Internal DR - Radio Failure Drop Outgoing Internal DR - Counters Outgoing Internal DR - Indicators External DR - Success Outgoing External DR - Failures Outgoing External DR - Radio Failure ROC Outgoing External DR - Radio Failure Drop Outgoing External DR - Counters All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 1 10 5 Outgoing External DR - Indicators B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Annexes GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring 4 GSM BSS Protocol Stacks Signaling Links The Reference Model BSS Protocol Stacks Signaling on the A Interface GSM BSS Protocols 5 LCS LCS Function LCS Function: Architecture Example LCS Counters LCS Counters Definitions LCS Architecture LCS Positioning Procedure LCS Protocol Positioning Methods: CI+TA Positioning Positioning Methods: Conventional GPS Positioning Method: Assisted GPS Positioning LCS Impact on HO BSS Parameters Cell Parameters Exercise Positioning Methods: CI+TA Positioning 6 Counters on Electromagnetic Emission (EME) Characteristics of the Feature 7 B8 Improvements Summary 8 B9 Improvements Summary 9 Dynamic SDCCH Allocation Page 7 8 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 37 39 40 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 53 54 55 58 61 62 63 64 65 66 69 70 71 72 73
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12200AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 10 Page 5
1 10 6
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Annexes GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12200AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 10 Page 6
1 10 7
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Annexes GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12200AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 10 Page 7
MS connected (TCH or SDCCH) The serving cell gives to the MS the list of the neighboring cells to listen Every SACCH, the MS reports to the serving cell: measurement report message
Received level of 6 best cells (which can change) DL level and quality of serving cell
Meast Report
1 10 8
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Annexes GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12200AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 10 Page 8
Meast Report
Meast Result
BSC
DL measurements
UL+DL measurements
The UL received level and quality are measured every SACCH The Timing advance (TA) is computed The UL information is gathered into a measurement report This is the message result sent by the BTS to the BSC
1 10 9
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Annexes GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12200AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 10 Page 9
L1 Info
Back
1 10 10
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Annexes GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
L3 info: MEASUREMENT REPORT from the MS. This message contains the downlink measurements and neighboring cell measurements.
if the mobile is in DTX, the rxlevsub or rxqualsub is used to avoid measuring the TS where there is nothing to transmit in order not to false measurements. else rxlevfull is used that is to say all TSs are measured.
MS TXPOWER CONF: what is the actual power emitted by the MS. TOA is the timing advance. SACCH BFI: bad frame indicator; 2 values 0 or 1; 0 means that the BTS succeeded in decoding the measurement report from the MS. How are the neighboring cells coded? BCCH1 index in BA list /BSIC1; BCCH2 index in BA list/BSIC2. Why? Because when the mobile is connecting to a new cell, it does not receive LAC/CI (too long) but the list of BCCH frequencies of the neighboring cells (in Band Allocation: BA list). When it reports the radio measurements, it gives the index of the BCCH frequency in the BA list instead of BCCH ARFCN due to the length in case of 1800 frequency coding. Besides the mobile may report a BCCH index / BSIC which does not correspond to a neighboring cell. Of course the BSC will not trigger any handover except if this BCCH index / BSIC couple corresponds to Reserved a neighboring cell. 2010 All Rights Alcatel-Lucent
3JK12200AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 10 Page 10
1 10 11
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Annexes GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12200AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 10 Page 11
Definition
The Extended Measurement Reporting is a feature allowing the BSS to request an MS to measure and report up to 21 frequencies of the band that are not included in its BA list Such phase 2+ mobiles must support the optional Mobile Assisted Frequency Allocation (MAFA) feature
1 10 12
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Annexes GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12200AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 10 Page 12
--------TCH---------> ASSIGNT COMPLETE <------SACCH---------------SACCH------> <------SACCH---------------SACCH------> <-------SACCH-------EMO (MAFA freq. List) --------SACCH------> EMR (MAFA freq. RxLev) <------SACCH---------------SACCH------>
The Extended Measurement Order includes the MAFA frequencies the MS is asked to measure EMO sent once to the MS on SACCH after TCH seizure Extended Measurement Results include the average signal level measured on each MAFA frequency over one SACCH mf duration EMR received once per call on SACCH
Back
1 10 13
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Annexes GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
When the BTS receives a CHANNEL ACTIVATION with the Extended Measurement Order (EMO) included, it shall send this information on the SACCH to the corresponding mobile only once. When the BTS has to send this information, it shall replace the sending of system information 5, 5bis, 5ter or 6 by this information. At the next SACCH multi-frame, the BTS shall resume the sending of this system information by the replaced one. The EMO shall be sent after 2 complete sets of SYS_INFO5 and 6, i.e. after the 2nd SYSINFO 6 after the reception of SABM. This guarantees the MS has received a complete set. Then, the BTS normally receives from the MS an EXTENDED MEASUREMENT RESULT with the level of the frequencies to monitor. The BTS shall make the correlation between these levels and the frequencies contained in the latest EMO information, after having decoded them, according to the order of the ARFCN. The EXTENDED_MEASUREMENT_RESULT is NOT forwarded to the BSC, instead a MEASUREMENT_RESULT with indication no_MS_results is sent to the BSC. In particular, the BTS shall identify the level of the BCCH frequency of the serving cell (which shall always be part of the frequencies to monitor) and apply it as the RXLEV_DL in the Radio Measurement Statistics. The other frequencies will be considered in the same way as BCCH frequency of neighboring cells: they will be linked to the neighboring level and C/I statistics.
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12200AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 10 Page 13
1 10 14
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Annexes GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12200AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 10 Page 14
No free TCH TCH request queued Start T11 ----------------------- > QUEUING_INDIC. MC13A IDR condition met MC153, MC144e,
DR FAIL. CASES > internal DR > success case The same internal DR procedure leads to an incrementation of two sets of counters:
incoming DR counters for the target cell: MC153, MC151, etc. outgoing DR counters for the serving cell: MC144E, MC142E, etc.
CHANNEL ACTIV. (TCH) <---------------------------------- MC15A CHAN ACTIV ACK ----------------------------------> HO CMD HANDOVER COMMAND <---------------------- <------------------------------------------------------------------------ start T3103 (SDCCH) C154, MC607 start T3124 C145A+C145C HANDOVER ACCESS ------------------------(TCH)----------------------------> -------------------------------------------------------------> HO DETECTION PHYSICAL INFORMATION ----------------------------------> <------------------------------------------------------------- start T3105 stop T3124 start T200 ------------------------ SABM --------------------------> stop T3105 <-------------------------- UA ----------------------------- ESTABLISH INDICATION stop T200 ----------------------------------> HANDOVER COMPLETE HO CMP stop T3103 -------------------------------------------------------------> ----------------------------------> ASSIGNMENT COMPLETE ------------------------> Release of old SDCCH MC151,MC717A, MC142e
MCx counters belong to Standard Type 110 reported permanently Cx counters belong to Detailed Type 29 reported on demand Standard type from B8
1 10 15
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Annexes GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
The following DR counters are provided in Type 110 for the target cell: MC13A: TCH requests for Normal Assignment that are put into the queue, MC153: incoming internal DR requests, MC15A: TCH allocations for incoming internal DR, MC151: incoming internal DR successes per cell, MC717A: incoming internal DR successes per TRX. for the serving cell: MC144E: outgoing internal DR requests, MC142E: outgoing internal DR successes, MC607: outgoing internal+external DR attempts. The following DR counters are provided in Type 29 (this type becomes a standard type in B8) for the target cell: C153: incoming internal DR requests, C154: incoming internal DR attempts, C151: incoming internal DR successes. for the serving cell: C144A: forced outgoing internal DR requests, C144C: normal outgoing internal DR requests, C145A: forced outgoing internal DR attempts, C145C: normal outgoing internal DR attempts, C142A: forced outgoing internal DR successes, C142C: normal outgoing internal DR successes. All the counters here and in the next slides concerning directed retry and relative to type 29 can be activated for all cells of the BSC at once from B8. (Type 29 becomes a standard type in B8): C142a, C142b, C142c, C142d, C143a, C143b, C143c, C143d, C143e, C143f, C143g, C143h, C144a, C144b, C144c, C144d, C145a, C145b, C145c, C145d, C151, C152,C153, C154, C555 All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010
3JK12200AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 10 Page 15
DR FAIL. CASES > Incoming internal DR failures: Directed Retry procedure from the target cell point of view
DR Preparation:
congestion: no RTCH available in the target cell
does not concern the outgoing side (serving cell point of view)
DR Execution:
radio problem: the MS fails to access the new channel
1 10 16
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Annexes GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12200AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 10 Page 16
MC555=C155
No free TCH In serving cell
TCH ASSIGNMENT PHASE (OC or TC) < ---------------------------------------------------ASSIGNMENT REQUEST Queuing allowed Start T11 --------------------------------------------------- > QUEUING_INDIC. MC13A IDR condition met No free TCH In target cell MC153, MC144e,MC607 MC555
Standard Type
1 10 17
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Annexes GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12200AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 10 Page 17
MS
MSC
HO CMD HANDOVER COMMAND <----------------------- <------------------------------------------------------------------------ start T3103 C154 SABM -----------x T3103 expiry C152
1 10 18
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Annexes GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All incoming internal DR failures due to radio problems are counted in the same counter C152. This counter is provided in Type 29 Both radio failures with Reversion Old SDCCH Channel and radio drop are counted together.
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12200AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 10 Page 18
ATTEMPT
Preparation Failure
SUCCESS
INCOMING INTERNAL Directed Retry Preparation Request Congestion BSS Pb Execution Attempt Radio (MS access problem) BSS Pb Success
1 10 19
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Annexes GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
BSS PB
MS ACCESS PB
All MCxxx counters are available in Type 110. All Cxxx counters are available in Type 29. Type 29 counter becomes a standard in B8.
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12200AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 10 Page 19
Specific indicators for densification techniques > Directed Retry > Incoming DR
DRIBCAR: efficiency of the incoming internal DR preparation = MC15A/MC153 DRIBCNR: rate of incoming internal DR failures due to congestion = MC155/MC153 DRIBEFR: efficiency of the incoming internal DR execution = MC717A/MC153
DRIBSUR: global efficiency of incoming internal DR = MC717A/MC153 = MC151/MC153 rate of incoming internal DR preparation failures due to BSS problems = (C153-C154-C155)/C153 rate of incoming internal DR execution failures due to BSS problems = (C154-C151-C152)/C154 rate of incoming internal DR execution failures due to radio access problems = C152/C154
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12200AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 10 Page 20
DR FAIL. CASES > Outgoing internal DR failures Directed Retry procedure from the serving cell point of view
DR Preparation:
congestion on the target cell (no specific counter on the serving cell) BSS problem (no specific counter)
DR Execution:
radio problem: the MS reverts to the old channel radio problem: the MS drops BSS problem (no specific counter)
1 10 21
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Annexes GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12200AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 10 Page 21
C143A or C143E
1 10 22
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Annexes GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12200AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 10 Page 22
MS
serving cell
target cell
BSC
M SC
HO CM D HANDOVER CO M M AND <----------------------- <------------------------------------------------------------------------ start T3103 M C144E SABM C144A or C144C ----------x
T3103 expiry C143B or C143F ------------------------> ASSIG NM ENT FAILURE Radio interface m essage failure Release of SDCCH and TCH
1 10 23
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Annexes GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12200AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 10 Page 23
ATTEMPT
Preparation Failure
SUCCESS
OUTGOING INTERNAL Directed Retry Preparation Request Any preparation failure Execution Attempt Reversion old channel Drop radio BSS Pb Success
1 10 24
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Annexes GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
Execution Failure
CONGESTION BSS PB
MC144E, C144A+C144C
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12200AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 10 Page 24
Specific indicators for densification techniques > Directed Retry > Outgoing DR
efficiency of the outgoing internal DR preparation = (C145A+C145C)/(C144A+C144C) efficiency of the outgoing internal DR execution = (C142A+C142C)/(C145A+C145C) rate of outgoing internal DR execution failures due to BSS problems = [(C145A+C145C) - (C143A+C143E+C143B+C143F)] / (C145A+C145C) rate of outgoing internal DR execution failures due to radio problems with reversion old channel = (C143A+C143E) / (C145A+C145C) rate of outgoing internal DR execution failures due to radio problems with drop = (C143B+C143F) / (C145A+C145C) type 29 counters are defined:
NB_OUT_FORCED_IDR_SUCC NB_OUT_FORCED_EDR_SUCC NB_OUT_NOR_IDR_SUCC NB_OUT_NOR_EDR_SUCC NB_OUT_FORCED_IDR_REQ NB_OUT_FORCED_EDR_REQ NB_OUT_NOR_IDR_REQ NB_OUT_NOR_EDR_REQ NB_OUT_NOR_IDR_ATPT NB_OUT_NOR_EDR_ATPT
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12200AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 10 Page 25
External DR - Success
MS
BSC
target_cell
MS
MC820 ---- CHANNEL_ACTIVATION ------> < - CHANNEL_ACT_ACK------------Sta rt T9113 MC821 < ---- HO_ACCESS ----< ---- HO_ACCESS ----< ------ HO_DETECTION--------------
Relea se of SDCCH
< ----------- HO_COMPLETE ---------------------------------------< --- HO_COMPLETE --------------- Stop T9113 MC642
1 10 26
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Annexes GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
The following DR counters are provided in Type 110 for the serving cell:
The following DR counters are provided in Type 29 for the serving cell:
C144B: forced outgoing external DR requests, C144D: normal outgoing external DR requests, C145B: forced outgoing external DR attempts, C145D: normal outgoing external DR attempts, C142B: forced outgoing external DR successes, C142D: normal outgoing external DR successes.
As for internal DR, external DR Counters are available permanently No counter is provided for the target cell for an external DR since an incoming DR cannot always be discriminated from an incoming external HO. Therefore incoming external DRs are counted together with incoming external HOs in the related counters.
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12200AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 10 Page 26
DR FAIL. CASES > Outgoing external DR failures Directed Retry procedure from the serving cell point of view
DR Preparation:
congestion on the target cell (no specific counter on the serving cell) BSS problem (no specific counter)
DR Execution:
radio problem: the MS reverts to the old channel radio problem: the MS drops BSS problem (no specific counter)
1 10 27
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Annexes GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12200AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 10 Page 27
MS
< -------------------------- HO_COMMAND -----------------------------------------------Sta rt T8 C145B+ C145D ----- SABM --------> < --- UA ------------- -- ESTABLISH_INDICATION-> ----- HO_FAILURE (reversion to old channel) ------------------------------------------> C143C+ C143G
Release of connection
1 10 28
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Annexes GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12200AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 10 Page 28
MS
TCH request queued ---- HO_REQUIRED -------> EDR condition met MC144F
< -------------------------- HO_COMMAND -----------------------------------------------Sta rt T8 C145B+ C145D ----- SABM --- X ----- SABM --- X ----- SABM --- X C143D+ C143H Radio interface message fail C145B,C143D: Forced DR C145D,C143H: Normal DR T8 expiry ----- CLEAR_R EQUEST -> Release of connection
1 10 29
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Annexes GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12200AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 10 Page 29
ATTEMPT
Preparation Failure
SUCCESS
Execution Failure
CONGESTION BSS PB
OUTGOING EXTERNAL Directed Retry Preparation Request Any preparation failure Execution Attempt Reversion old channel Drop radio BSS Pb Success
1 10 30
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Annexes GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
MC144F, C144B+C144D (C144B+C144D) - (C145B+C145D) C145B+C145D C143C+C143G C143D+C143H (C145+C145D) - (C143C+C143G+C143D+C143H) MC142F, C142B+C142D
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12200AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 10 Page 30
Specific indicators for densification techniques > Directed Retry > Outgoing DR
efficiency of the outgoing internal DR preparation = (C145B+C145D)/(C144B+C144D) efficiency of the outgoing internal DR execution = (C142B+C142D)/(C145B+C145D) rate of outgoing internal DR execution failures due to BSS problems = [(C145B+C145D) - (C143C+C143G+C143D+C143H)] / (C145B+C145D) rate of outgoing internal DR execution failures due to radio problems with reversion old channel = (C143C+C143G) / (C145B+C145D) rate of outgoing internal DR execution failures due to radio problems with drop = (C143D+C143H) / (C145B+C145D)
Interesting indicator:
TCQUSUDSR: rate of outgoing internal and external directed retries (forced + normal) successfully performed over all RTCH requests queued during normal assignment.
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12200AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 10 Page 31
1 10 32
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Annexes GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12200AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 10 Page 32
Signaling Links
1 10 33
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Annexes GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12200AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 10 Page 33
Network Service
Transport Service
1 10 34
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Annexes GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12200AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 10 Page 34
Layer 1
Physical; Responsible for the transparent transmission of information across the physical medium (HDB3, PCM, AMI)
Layer 2
Data Link; Responsible for providing a reliable transfer between the terminal and the network (#7, LAPD,etc.)
Layer 3
Network; responsible for setting up and maintaining the connection across a network (CM, MM, RR, Message routing, etc.)
1 10 35
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Annexes GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12200AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 10 Page 35
Layer 4
Transport; responsible for the control of quality of service (Layer of information)
Layer 5
Session; Handles the coordination between the user processes (Set up transfer of information)
Layer 6
Presentation; responsible for ensuring that the information is presented to the eventual user in a meaningful way (Type format. Ex. ASCII)
Layer 7
Application; provides lower levels with user interface (Operating System)
1 10 36
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Annexes GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12200AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 10 Page 36
MS
BTS
BSC
MSC
PSTN ISDN
Air Intfc
Abis Intfc
A Intfc
B .. F Intfc
CM MM BSSAP LAYER 3
RR
digit radio
1 10 37
digit radio
64 kb/s
64 kb/s
64 kb/s
64 kb/s
LAYER 1
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Annexes GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12200AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 10 Page 37
(detailed)
(SMS) SS CC (Relay) MM DTAP RR RR 3 RR' 2 1 LAPDm
Phycal Layer
SS (SMS) CC (Relay MM DTAP BSS MAP SSCS SSTM 3 SSTM 2 PCM TS A MSC / VLR MAP SSGT SSCS SSTM 3 SSTM 2 PCM TS (D)
SS (SMS)
BTSM LAPD
64 kbit/s or PCM
BTSM LAPD
64 kbit/s or PCM TS
LAPDm
Phycal Layer
Um
TS
A bis
MS
BTS
BSC
(ex. : HLR)
NSS
1 10 38
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Annexes GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12200AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 10 Page 38
Uses #7 with Signaling Connection Control Part (SCCP) with a new Application Base Station Application Part (BSSAP). BSSAP is divided into Direct Transfer Application Part (DTAP) and Base Station Subsystem Management Application Part (BSSMAP)
BSSAP
User Data
Layer 1-3
MTP 1-3
1 10 39
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Annexes GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12200AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 10 Page 39
BSSMAP
Contains the messages, which are exchanged between the BSC and the MSC and which are evaluated from the BSC In fact all the messages which are exchanged as RR (Radio Resource Management Services between the MSC, BSC and MS). Also control Information concerning the MSC and BSC Example: Paging, HND_CMD, Reset
DTAP
Messages which are exchanged between an NSS and an MS transparent. In this case, the BSC transfers the messages without evaluation transparent. Mainly Messages from Mobility Management (MM) and Call Control (CC)
1 10 40
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Annexes GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12200AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 10 Page 40
DTAP
MS
BSS
MSC
BSSMAP
Back
1 10 41
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Annexes GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12200AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 10 Page 41
5 LCS
1 10 42
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Annexes GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12200AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 10 Page 42
5 LCS
LCS Function
LCS function (linked to MC02i) and other counters LCS allows to access the MS location provided by the BSS.
On MS request to know its own location (MC02 impacted, see the previous slide) On network request (especially during Emergency calls) On external request (LCS Client)
1 10 43
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Annexes GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
Assisted GPS Method: Mobile-based: The MS performs OTD signal measurements and computes its own location estimate. In this case the network provides the MS with the additional information such as BTS coordinates and the RTD values. These assistance data can be either broadcast on the CBCH (using SMSCB function) or provided by the BSS in a point to point connection (either spontaneously or on request from the MS). Mobile-assisted: The MS performs and reports OTD signal measurements to the network and the network computes the MS location estimate. With OTD: Observed Time Difference: the time interval that is observed by an MS between the receptions of signals (bursts) from two different BTSs. RTD: Real Time Difference: This means the relative synchronization difference in the network between two BTSs. Finally, 4 methods are possible for positioning: Cell ID+ TA Conventional (MS equipped with GPS System) A-GPS MS Based A-GPS MS Assisted These 4 Methods induce a set of counters (2 per method) to give the average latitude and longitude of mobiles in the cell. These counters are located in the MFS and can be used in RNO (cartographic part).
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12200AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 10 Page 43
5 LCS
MSC
Lg
GMLC
Le
Lb
MS
Abis
OSP
Lh
Where is my son?
3
BTS
SMLC
SAGI
MFS
1 MS Request 2 Network Request 3 External Request
A-GPS server
HLR
SMLC function integrated in MFS: - receives the loc. Request from the GMLC through the MSC/BSC - Schedules all the necessary actions to get MS location - Computes MS location - Provides the result back to the GMLC
LCS: Location Services SMLC: Serving Mobile Location Center GMLC: Gateway Mobile Location Center A-GPS: Assisted GPS
1 10 44
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Annexes GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
In case of MS requests for its location, MC02 is impacted: MC02i = Number of Mobile Originating SDCCH establishments for LCS purposes. In all cases, some counters related to LCS provide specific information (attempts, success, failures) See the next slide.
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12200AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 10 Page 44
5 LCS
Example
MC923a
BSSAP-LE Perform_Location_Request
Failure
MC923c
MC923d
Success
MC923b
BSSMAP Perform_Location_Response
1 10 45
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Annexes GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
Four counters
Number of location requests received from the MSC in CS domain. Number of successful location requests performed in a BSS. Number of location aborts received from the MSC in CS domain.
Number of failures on LCS requests due to BSS problem, Rate of LCS requests aborted, Rate of successes on LCS requests, Rate of failures on LCS requests, Rate of SDCCH seizures for Location Services.
Other counters in SMLC (MFS) provide details by type of positioning (CI+TA, Conventional GPS, MS-Assisted A-GPS, MSBased A-GPS) and for different Error causes. See the next slide.
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12200AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 10 Page 45
Number of received LCS requests for MS positioning received from the BSC P801: NB_ASSIST_DATA_REQ Number of received LCS requests for GPS assistance data (initially requested by the MS) received from the BSC. P802: NB_ASSIST_DATA_SUCC Number of successful GPS assistance data delivery (initially requested by the MS) responses sent to the BSC. P803: NB_LOC_TA_SUCC Number of successful location responses sent to the BSC using TA positioning method. P804: NB_LOC_CONV_GPS_SUCC Number of successful location responses sent to the BSC using Conventional GPS positioning method. P805: NB_LOC_MA_AGPS_SUCC Number of successful location responses sent to the BSC using MSAssisted A-GPS positioning method. P806: NB_LOC_MB_AGPS_SUCC Number of successful location response sent to the BSC using MS-Based A-GPS positioning method. P807: NB_LOC_TA_PCF_REQ Number of location calculation attempts with TA positioning PCF. P808: NB_LOC_TA_PCF_SUCC Number of location calculations successfully performed with TA positioning PCF. P809: NB_LOC_CONV_GPS_PCF_REQ Number of location calculation attempts with Conventional GPS PCF. P810: NB_LOC_MA_AGPS_PCF_REQ Number of location calculation attempts with MS-Assisted A-GPS PCF. P811: NB_LOC_MA_AGPS_PCF_SUCC Number of location calculations successfully performed with MS Assisted A-GPS PCF. P812: NB_LOC_MB_AGPS_PCF_REQ Number of location calculation attempts with MS-Based A-GPS PCF. P813: NB_LOC_MB_AGPS_PCF_SUCC Number of location calculations successfully performed with MS-Based A-GPS. P814: NB_LCS_PROTOCOL_ERROR Number of failed LCS procedures due to LCS protocol error. P815: NB_LCS_INTERRUPTED_INTRA_BSC_HO Number of failed LCS procedures due to intra-BSC handover. P816: NB_LCS_INTERRUPTED_INTER_BSC_HO Number of failed LCS procedures due to inter-BSC handover. P817: NB_LCS_FAILURE_RRLP Number of failed LCS procedures due to RRLP problem. P818: NB_LCS_FAILURE_TIMER_EXPIRY Number of failed LCS procedures due to LCS guard timer expiry. P819: NB_LCS_FAILURE_INTERNAL Number of failed LCS procedures due internal problem detected by the MFS/SMLC. P820: NB_UNKNOWN_LCS_REQ Number of LCS requests rejected because not supported by the SMLC. P821: NB_LOC_CONV_GPS_PCF_SUCC Number of location calculations successfully performed with Conventional GPS PCF.
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12200AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 10 Page 46
PCF: Positioning Calculation Function POSITION AVERAGE USED ON RNO: Values are given in minutes LATITUDES AND LONGITUDES: P822: AV_TA_LAT Average of latitudes for TA Method P823: AV_TA_LONG Average of longitudes for TA Method P824: AV_CONV_GPS_LAT Average of latitudes for Conventional GPS Method P825: AV_CONV_GPS_LONG Average of latitudes for Conventional GPS Method P826: AV_MA_AGPS_LAT Average of latitudes for MS-Assisted A-GPS Method P827: AV_MA_AGPS_LONG Average of longitudes for MS-Assisted A-GPS Method P828: AV_MB_AGPS_LAT Average of latitudes for MS-Assisted A-GPS Method P829: AV_MB_AGPS_LONG Average of longitudes for MS-Based A-GPS Method STANDARD DEVIATION: standard deviation is a measure of the dispersion around the average point P830: ST_DEV_TA_LAT Standard deviation of the latitude of MS obtained with TA Method P831: ST_DEV_TA_LONG Standard deviation of the longitude of MS obtained with TA Method P832: ST_DEV_CONV_GPS_LAT Standard deviation of the latitude of MS obtained with Conventional GPS Method P833: ST_DEV_CONV_GPS_LONG Standard deviation of the longitude of MS obtained with Conventional GPS Method P834: ST_DEV_MA_AGPS_LAT Standard deviation of the latitude of MS obtained with MS Assisted A-GPS Method P835: ST_DEV_MA_AGPS_LONG Standard deviation of the longitude of MS obtained with MS Assisted A-GPS Method P836: ST_DEV_MB_AGPS_LAT Standard deviation of the latitude of MS obtained with MS Assisted A-GPS Method P837: ST_DEV_MB_AGPS_LONG Standard deviation of the longitude of MS obtained with MS Assisted A-GPS Method
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12200AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 10 Page 47
5 LCS
Definitions
1 10 48
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Annexes GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
Mobile-based: The MS performs OTD signal measurements and computes its own location estimate. In this case, the network provides the MS with the additional information such as BTS coordinates and the RTD values. These assistance data can be either broadcast on the CBCH (using SMSCB function) or provided by the BSS in a point-topoint connection (either spontaneously or on request from the MS). Mobile-assisted: The MS performs and reports OTD signal measurements to the network and the network computes the MSs location estimate. With
OTD: Observed Time Difference: the time interval that is observed by an MS between the receptions of signals (bursts) from two different BTSs. RTD: Real Time Difference: This means the relative synchronization difference in the network between two BTSs.
Cell ID+ TA, This is the simplest method for determining the location of a mobile. It relies on the hypothesis that the geographical coverage of a cell corresponds to that predicted by radio coverage studies. When an active mobile is connected to a base station, the mobile is assumed to be located geographically within the area predicted to be best served by this base station
Conventional (MS equipped with GPS System), MS-based Assisted GPS, MS-Assisted GPS.
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12200AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 10 Page 48
5 LCS
LCS Architecture
1 MS Request 2 Network Request 3 External Request A-GPS : Assisted GPS GMLC : Gateway Mobile Location Center LCS : Location Services SMLC : Serving Mobile Location Center
1
Where am I?
BTS
Abis
2
Emergency call
A
3
OSP GMLC
Lh
Where is my son?
Le
BSC
Abis
MSC
BTS
Lb
HLR
SMLC function integrated in MFS: - receives the location request from the GMLC through the MSC/BSC - schedules all the necessary actions to get MS location - computes MS location - provides the result back to the GMLC
MFS SMLC
SAGI
A-GPS server
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010
1 10 49
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Annexes GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12200AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 10 Page 49
5 LCS
BTS BSC
MSC
OSP GMLC
Location request 1
BTS
6 Individual positioning
Location report
2 Routing information
8 Location response
MFS SMLC
HLR
1 10 50
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Annexes GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
If the MS is in idle mode, the MSC first performs a CS paging, authentication and ciphering in order to establish an SDCCH with the MS. The MS subscriber is not aware of it, i.e. no ringing tone, except towards GPRS MS in Packet Transfer Mode which may suspend its GPRS traffic in order to answer to the CS Paging (i.e. not fully transparent for the subscriber). When the MS is in dedicated mode (after a specific SDCCH establishment for location, or during an on-going call), the MSC sends the location request to BSC in the existing SCCP connection for the current call, which forwards it to the SMLC.
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12200AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 10 Page 50
5 LCS
LCS Protocol
BSC
Um
Lb
1 10 51
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Annexes GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12200AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 10 Page 51
5 LCS
LCS Service Request Send_Routing_Info request Send_Routing_Info response Provide_Subscriber_Location Paging Authentication + Ciphering BSSMAP Perform_Location_Request
Starts T_Location
Adequate positioning method chosen by SMLC with optional additional scenario
BSSAP-LE Perform_Location_Request
Stop T_Location
1 10 52
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Annexes GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
T_location_Longer used in case of optional additional scenario (see graph): Upon receipt of the MS POSITION COMMAND message from the SMLC (optional additional scenario), the BSC stops the T_Location timer, and starts instead the T_Location_Longer timer. This timer is stopped only at the end of the location procedure in the BSC, i.e. when an 08.08 PERFORM LOCATION RESPONSE message is sent back to the MSC. Aborts:
Abort by MSC
Depending on the location procedure and its current state of execution, upon PERFORM LOCATION ABORT message receipt, the BSC sends immediately to the MSC a PERFORM LOCATION RESPONSE message (when no exchange on the Lb interface is ongoing), or to the SMLC either a PERFORM LOCATION ABORT or an ABORT message. The BSC starts the timer T_Loc_abort to supervise the SMLC response.
Abort by BSS
The BSC must send either a PERFORM LOCATION ABORT message or a ABORT message to the SMLC and starts the timer T_Loc_abort if an ongoing location request is interrupted at the BSC level for the following reasons:
by an inter-BSC handover, or if the main signaling link to the target MS is lost or released, or the SCCP connection on the A interface is released, or if the timer T_Location expires.
The useful B8 content of the received PERFORM LOCATION REQUEST message is:
Location type, Classmark information 3, Requested QoS: provides service requirement concerning geographic positioning and response time
Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 The time of transfer of the assitance data onAll the SDCCH is estimated about 14s for a 1000 octets information. 3JK12200AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 10 Page 52
5 LCS
HALFP
WR _B
EA M
_W
TH ID
TA
LCS_LONGITUDE
553 m
g in Serv
ce ll ( CI)
1 10 53
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Annexes GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
With the TA positioning method, no signaling exchange is required between the SMLC and the MS (i.e. RRLP protocol is not required). The TA positioning method is applicable to all the MSs (supporting LCS or not). Based on:
Cell Identity (CI) of the serving cell. Timing Advance (TA) value reported by MS:
intersection point of a line from the BTS antenna in their main direction with a circle which radius is corresponding with the propagation delay (timing advance) is the MS estimated position. Omni-directional cells: MS position = site position.
Parameters: EN_LCS flag to enable/disable the Location Services per BSS 0 = Enabled; 1= Disabled; Default = 0 IF EN_LCS=1, CI+TA method is enabled in all the BSS cells
LCS_LATITUDE: Latitude of the BTS supporting the cell LCS_LONGITUDE: Longitude of the BTS supporting the cell LCS_AZIMUTH: Antenna direction orientation for the sector supporting the cell HALFPWR_BEAM_WIDTH: Antenna half power beamwidth for the sector supporting the cell
Optimization parameters: ARC_SIZE_FACTOR: Factor used in the computation of the width in degree of the ellipsoid arc returned by the MFS when computing location estimate based on TA positioning method. MIN_RADIUS_FACTOR: Factor used in the computation of the minimum radius of the ellipsoid arc returned by the MFS when computing location estimate based on TA positioning method MAX_RADIUS_FACTOR :Factor used in the computation of the maximum radius of the ellipsoid arc returned by the MFS when computing location estimate based on TA positioning All Rights method Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010
3JK12200AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 10 Page 53
5 LCS
MS
BTS
BSC
SMLC
Location Request
1 10 54
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Annexes GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
The MS continuously computes its position The terminal searches for satellites, acquires all the GPS data, computes its own position and finally provides the location estimation to the SMLC
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12200AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 10 Page 54
5 LCS
GPS MS
A-GPS server
1 10 55
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Annexes GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
Assistance data gathered from a GPS reference network receiver is broadcast to the GPS MS. Flags/Parameters
EN_LCS = 1 EN_MS_BASED_AGPS enables/disables the positioning method MS Based A-GPS per CELL
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12200AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 10 Page 55
5 LCS
Location Request
Assistance Data Assistance Data Acknowledge
Assistance Data
Using assistance data, the MS computes by itself the position and sends it back to the SMLC.
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12200AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 10 Page 56
5 LCS
Location Request
Assistance Data Assistance Data Acknowledge
Assistance Data
Pseudo-range measurements (M)
GPS Location Request (M) Perform Location Response (X,Y) GPS Location Response (X,Y)
(X,Y)
Using a reduced set of assistance data, the MS makes pseudorange measurements and sends the result to the AGPS server, which fixes the position in the end.
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12200AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 10 Page 57
5 LCS
LCS Impact on HO
HO preparation
Inhibition of better cell handovers Other HO
MS BTS BSC SMLC MSC GMLC HLR LCS client
LCS Service Request Send_Routing_Info request Send_Routing_Info response Provide_Subscriber_Location Paging Authentication + Ciphering BSSMAP Perform_Location_Request
Starts T_Location
BSSAP-LE Perform_Location_Request
Emergency HO detection
BSSLAP - Reset
1 10 58
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Annexes GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12200AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 10 Page 58
5 LCS
HO management
Internal HO
MS BTS BSC SMLC MSC GMLC HLR LCS client
HO complete
1 10 59
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Annexes GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
Mobile in communication
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12200AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 10 Page 59
5 LCS
HO management
External HO
MS BTS Serving BSC SMLC MSC GMLC HLR LCS client
External BSC HO
BSSMAP HO required
BSSAP-LE Perform_Location_Response
1 10 60
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Annexes GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12200AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 10 Page 60
5 LCS
BSS Parameters
FLAGS
EN_LCS EN_SAGI
OPTIMIZATION DATA
ARC_SIZE_FACTOR MIN_RADIUS_FACTOR MAX_RADIUS_FACTOR
Timers
T_Location T_Location_longer T_Loc_Abort T_LCS_delay_tolerant T_LCS_LowDelay T_RRLP_low_delay T_RRLP_delay_tolerant
1 10 61
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Annexes GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
BSS PARAMETERS EN_LCS (BSC): Flag which enables or disables the LCS feature in the BSS. EN_SAGI: Flag indicating whether SAGI is configured or not for this BSS. T_Location: BSC timer on a per call basis to guard the response from the SMLC in case of Location Request, when no RRLP exchange is triggered with the MS. T_Location_longer: BSC timer on a per call basis to guard the response from the SMLC in case of Location Request, when an RRLP exchange is triggered with the MS. Replace T_Location timer in case of Conventional GPS, MSAssisted A-GPS, MS-Based A-GPS. T_Loc_Abort: BSC timer to guard the response from the SMLC in case of Location Abort. T_LCS_LowDelay: SMLC timer to guard the calculation of the MS position (including the RRLP message exchange with the target MS) in case of a Low Delay Location Request. T_LCS_DelayTolerant: SMLC timer to guard the calculation of the MS position (including the RRLP message exchange with the target MS) in case of a Delay Tolerant Location Request. T_LCS_LowDelay: SMLC timer to guard the calculation of the MS position (including the RRLP message exchange with the target MS) in case of a Low Delay Location Request. T_RRLP_Low_delay: Timer to guard the RRLP exchange between the SMLC and the MS . T_RRLP_delay_tolerant: Timer to guard the RRLP exchange between the SMLC and the MS. Optimization data: ARC_SIZE_FACTOR: Factor used in the computation of the width in degree of the ellipsoid arc returned by the MFS when computing location estimate based on TA positioning method. MIN_RADIUS_FACTOR: Factor used in the computation of the minimum radius of the ellipsoid arc returned by the MFS when computing location estimate based on TA positioning method MAX_RADIUS_FACTOR: Factor used in the computation of the maximum radius of the ellipsoid arc returned by the MFS when computing location estimate based on TA positioning method
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12200AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 10 Page 61
5 LCS
Cell Parameters
FLAGS
EN_CONV_GPS EN_MS_ASSISTED_AGPS EN_MS_BASED_AGPS
SITE DATA
LCS_LATITUDE LCS_LONGITUDE LCS_SIGNIFICANT_GC LCS_AZIMUTH HALF_POWER_BANDWIDTH
1 10 62
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Annexes GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
CELL PARAMETERS EN_CONV_GPS: Flag to enable/disable the Conventional GPS positioning method.
EN_MS_ASSISTED_AGPS: Flag to enable/disable the MS Assisted A-GPS positioning method. EN_MS_BASED_AGPS: Flag to enable/disable the MS Based A-GPS positioning method.
LCS_LATITUDE: Latitude of the BTS supporting the cell (used by the MFS to compute location estimate based on TA positioning method). LCS_LONGITUDE: Longitude of the BTS supporting the cell (used by the MFS to compute location estimate based on TA positioning method).
LCS_AZIMUTH: Antenna direction orientation for the sector supporting the cell (used by the MFS to compute location estimate based on TA positioning method).
HALF_POWER_BANDWIDTH: Half power beam width of the antenna for the sector supporting the cell (used by the MFS to compute location estimate based on TA positioning method).
Remark: To have LCS supported for a cell, the operator must activate LCS on the BSS handling this cell but he must also activate GPRS for this cell (i.e. setting of MAX_PDCH to a value > 0, the cell being kept locked for GPRS if the operator does not want to have GPRS running on this cell) and configure all the required transmission resources (Ater and Gb resources) on the GPU(s) connected to this BSC.
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12200AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 10 Page 62
5 LCS
Exercise
Where is implemented the SMLC function? What are the LCS impacts on cell dimensioning?
1 10 63
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Annexes GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12200AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 10 Page 63
5 LCS
Point (O)
g vin Ser
r1 r2
ce ll ( CI)
S
Back
1 10 64
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Annexes GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010
An ellipsoid arc is a shape characterized by the co-ordinates of an ellipsoid point o (the origin), inner radius r1, uncertainty radius r2, both radii being geodesic distances over the surface of the ellipsoid, the offset angle () between the first defining radius of the ellipsoid arc and North, and the included angle () being the angle between the first and second defining radii. The offset angle is within the range of 0 to 359,999 while the included angle is within the range from 0,0001 to 360. This is to be able to describe a full circle, 0 to 360 For CI+TA method which is default one, the answer is given by description of "ellipsoid arc". Optimization parameters: ARC_SIZE_FACTOR: Factor used in the computation of the width in degree of the ellipsoid arc returned by the MFS when computing location estimate based on TA positioning method. MIN_RADIUS_FACTOR: Factor used in the computation of the minimum radius of the ellipsoid arc returned by the MFS when computing location estimate based on TA positioning method. MAX_RADIUS_FACTOR: Factor used in the computation of the maximum radius of the ellipsoid arc returned by the MFS when computing location estimate based on TA positioning method.
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12200AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 10 Page 64
1 10 65
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Annexes GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12200AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 10 Page 65
The goal of this feature is to make easier evaluating power issues in BTSs
Recording of power emission of BTS per cell and frequency band
Triggering of warning reports based on threshold fixed by the operator to get the real emission of antennas (at BTS antenna output port)
OMC-R
BSC
BTS
1 10 66
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Annexes GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12200AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 10 Page 66
GSM antennas are widely in living and working places Lack of information provided to people on their exposure to EM fields and the risks they are running People concerned about their health, risk of complaints Some European directives/recommendations are already applicable or will be very soon
1 10 67
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Annexes GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12200AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 10 Page 67
Back
1 10 68
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Annexes GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
Measurements:
Only with Evolium BTS DL power data are collected by each TRE for each band (2 considered bands: 850/900 and 1800/1900) Recording of power effectively transmitted to the antenna in Watt Power control, DTX and unused TS are taken into account Loss due to stages (Any, AN) and cables between TRE output and BTS antenna output connector taken into account Measurements averaged every hour per cell and per frequency band
EME_PWR_MAX_GSM (frequency band 850/900) EME_PWR_MAX_DCS (frequency band 1800/1900) Possible massively updated through an OMC Java script
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12200AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 10 Page 68
7 B8 Improvements
1 10 69
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Annexes GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12200AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 10 Page 69
7 B8 Improvements
Summary
1 10 70
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Annexes GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12200AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 10 Page 70
8 B9 Improvements
1 10 71
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Annexes GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12200AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 10 Page 71
8 B9 Improvements
Summary
Type 33: Power at the BTS for Electromagnetic Environment Monitoring (EME) (Annex 6) Type 110: more counters for UMTS to GSM handover monitoring
The new counters were introduced in MC922 family
1 10 72
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Annexes GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12200AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 10 Page 72
1 10 73
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Annexes GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12200AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 10 Page 73
Purpose
Max
1 10 74
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Annexes GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
Definitions A Static SDCCH timeslot is a physical timeslot fixed allocated on the air interface. It contains 3, 4, 7 or 8 SDCCH subchannels depending on whether the timeslot is an SDCCH/3, SDCCH/4, SDCCH/7, or SDCCH/8 timeslot.
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12200AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 10 Page 74
Principle
Principles
Too few SDCCH time slots could result in high blocking rate on SDCCH (Configuration 1) Too many SDCCH time slots could lead to a lack of TCH resources (Configuration 2)
Configuration 1 SDCCH time slots SDCCH time slots Configuration 2
TCH Capacity
TCH Capacity
TCH CAPACITY
1 10 75
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Annexes GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
Definition An SDCCH is a logical SDCCH sub-channel mapped on a Static SDCCH timeslot or a Dynamic SDCCH/8 timeslot. Signaling Load Cases Timeslot split between signaling and traffic channels depends on the network signaling load. The main cases are:
Normal signaling load cells: Rural area cells in center of Location Areas (e.g. 1 SDCCH timeslot for a 3-TRX cell) High signaling load cells:
Urban or suburban area cells in the center of a Location Area Rural area cells at the border of Location Areas
Urban or suburban area cells at the border of a Location Area Cells with high SMS load (more than one SMS per call)
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12200AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 10 Page 75
Principle [cont.]
1 10 76
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Annexes GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
The location of the Dynamic SDCCH/8 time slots are fixed by O&M configuration.
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12200AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 10 Page 76
TIMESLOT Types
SDCCH
Pure SDCCH or static SDCCH
TCH
Pure TCH
TCH/SDCCH
dynamic SDCCH
TCH/SPDCH MPDCH
1 10 77
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Annexes GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
The OMC-R provides the BSC with the following O&M type of radio timeslots:
Main BCCH timeslot (BCC): It is a timeslot carrying FCCH + SCH + BCCH + CCCH. Main combined BCCH timeslot (CBC): It is a timeslot carrying FCCH + SCH + BCCH + CCCH + SDCCH/4 + SACCH/4. Static SDCCH timeslot (SDC): It is a timeslot carrying SDCCH/8 + SACCH/8. Dynamic SDCCH/8 timeslot (SDD): It is a timeslot carrying TCH + SACCH or SDCCH/8 + SACCH/8 TCH timeslot (TCH): It is a timeslot carrying TCH + SACCH or PDCH
Pure SDCCH timeslot: A pure SDCCH timeslot is a timeslot configured as a CBC or SDC by O&M. Such a timeslot can carry SDCCH traffic. Pure TCH timeslot: A pure TCH timeslot is a timeslot configured as TCH by O&M. Such a timeslot only carries TCH traffic.
TCH/SDCCH timeslot: A TCH/SDCCH timeslot is a timeslot configured as SDD by O&M. Such a timeslot is dynamically allocated as TCH or as SDCCH depending on the usage of the timeslot. It can carry TCH traffic or SDCCH traffic.
TCH/SPDCH timeslot: A TCH/SPDCH timeslot is a timeslot configured as TCH by O&M. Such a timeslot is dynamically allocated as TCH or as SPDCH depending on the usage of the timeslot. It can carry TCH traffic or PS traffic.
MPDCH timeslot: A MPDCH timeslot is a timeslot configured as TCH by O&M. Such a timeslot can only carry common PS signalling.
A pure SDCCH timeslot can carry x SDCCH sub-channels where x equal to:
4 in case of combined CCCH and when CBCH is not configured on the timeslot, 7 in case of non-combined CCCH and when CBCH is configured on the timeslot, 3 in case of combined CCCH and when CBCH is configured on the timeslot, 8 for a normal SDCCH timeslot.
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12200AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 10 Page 77
Allocation Algorithm
SDCCH Request
Yes
No
Are they any free SDCCH sub-channel among Static SDCCH timeslots?
Yes
No
Are they any free SDCCH sub-channel among Dynamic SDCCH/8 already allocated?
Yes
No
Are they any Dynamic SDCCH/8 timeslots available and free in the cell? Allocate one Dynamic SDCCH/8 timeslot
1 10 78
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Annexes GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
Principle 1: Preference is given to pure SDCCH timeslots Principle 2: Balance TCU processor load between different TCUs In fact before entering in this algorithm (see slide) the first step is: Removal of all the SDCCH subchannels mapped on TCU in Very High Overload state Principle 3: FR TRX preference
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12200AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 10 Page 78
1 10 79
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Annexes GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
Note that an SDCCH request can not access the timeslots reserved by NUM_TCH_EGNCY_HO. If all remaining TCH/SDCCH timeslots are reserved by NUM_TCH_EGNCY_HO, then the SDCCH request shall be rejected.
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12200AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 10 Page 79
Deallocation Algorithm
GENERAL CASE:
all SDCCH sub-channels of a TCH/SDCCH timeslot become back free. the T_DYN_SDCCH_HOLD timer (10s, not tunable) is started. If the timeslot is still free of SDCCH sub-channel when the timer expires, it is de-allocated (it becomes back TCH).
SPECIAL CASE:
several TCH/SDCCH timeslots are allocated as SDCCH one of them becomes free of SDCCH sub-channels. Its timer starts. a subsequent one becomes free of SDCCH sub-channels too before expiration of the first ones timer (10s). one of them is immediately de-allocated (the one with lowest priority: see previous slide in reverse order) and becomes back TCH. For the last one, its timer is restarted (it will be de-allocated in 10s)
1 10 80
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Annexes GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
TCH/SDCCH timeslots are not allocated too fast to TCH after de-allocating them TCH/SDCCH timeslots are not re-allocated too frequently to SDCCH
the dynamic SDCCH/8 timeslot marked as HOLD is still considered as allocated to SDCCH (and can not be allocated to TCH); if a subsequent dynamic SDCCH/8 timeslot (used as SDCCH and in the same cell) becomes free: a) If this just freed dynamic SDCCH/8 timeslot has a higher priority, T_DYN_SDCCH_HOLD is re-started and precedent dynamic SDCCH/8 timeslot in HOLD state is de-allocated immediately; b) If this just freed dynamic SDCCH/8 timeslot has lower priority, and T_DYN_SDCCH_HOLD is re-started and the just freed dynamic SDCCH/8 timeslot is de-allocated immediately.
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12200AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 10 Page 80
O&M Configuration
10 3 2
BTS BTS
5 8
BTS
1 7 9
BTS
11 6
12
1 10 81
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Annexes GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
The CBCH must be configured on a static SDCCH/8 or SDCCH/4 timeslot. Combined SDCCHs (SDCCH/4 + BCCH) are always static.
To avoid incoherent allocation strategy between SDCCH and PDCH, a dynamic SDCCH/8 timeslot cannot have the characteristic of being a PDCH (it cannot carry GPRS traffic).
The operator must configure at least one static SDCCH/8 or SDCCH/4 timeslot on BCCH TRX in a cell.
In cells with E-GSM, only the TRX, which does not belong to the G1 band, can support dynamic and static SDCCHs. In multiband and concentric cells, only the TRX, which belongs to the outer zone, can support dynamic and static SDCCHs. Up to 24 static/dynamic SDCCH sub-channels can be configured per TRX.
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12200AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 10 Page 81
Default configuration for a cell which has only Full rate TRX
Number of TRX in the cell 1 2 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Number of Static SDCCH 4 4 8 8 8 8 8 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 24 24 24 Number of Dynamic SDCCH 8 8 16 16 24 24 24 24 24 32 32 32 40 40 40 48 48 Total number of SDCCH 12 12 24 24 32 32 32 40 40 48 48 48 56 56 64 72 72 Maximum SDCCH/TRX ratio 12.0 (note 1) 6.0 12.0 8.0 8.0 6.4 5.3 5.7 5.0 5.3 4.8 4.4 4.7 4.3 4.6 4.8 4.5 Is BCCH/CCCH combined with SDCCH? Yes Yes No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No
1 10 82
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Annexes GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
Note1: For one TRX, dynamic SDCCHs are over-dimensioned because of the granularity of 8. According to the Alcatel-Lucent traffic model, all dynamic SDCCHs will not be used. Note2: An additional dynamic SDCCH/8 must be provided for each DR TRX (these are expected mainly on small cells).
Up to 24 static/dynamic SDCCH sub-channels per TRX. Up to 32 static/dynamic SDCCH sub-channels per TCU. Up to 88 static/dynamic SDCCH sub-channels per CELL.
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12200AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 10 Page 82
1 10 83
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Annexes GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12200AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 10 Page 83
Algorithms
May be triggered
From inner zone of a concentric cell Towards outer zone, same cell
Co
n ce
n tr i c c e
ll
ne
r zon
O ute
r zone
1 10 84
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Annexes GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12200AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 10 Page 84
CAUSE 10: too low level on the uplink in the inner zone AV_RXLEV_UL_HO < RXLEV_UL_ZONE MS_TXPWR = min (P, MS_TXPWR_MAX_INNER)
and
1 10 85
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Annexes GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12200AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 10 Page 85
CAUSE 11: too low level on the downlink in the inner zone AV_RXLEV_DL_HO < RXLEV_DL_ZONE BS_TXPWR = BS_TXPWR_MAX_INNER
and
1 10 86
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Annexes GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12200AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 10 Page 86
May be triggered
From outer zone of a concentric cell Towards inner zone, same cell
n Co
c e n tr i c c e ll
ne
r zon
O ute
r zone
1 10 87
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Annexes GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12200AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 10 Page 87
1 10 88
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Annexes GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12200AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 10 Page 88
ZONE_HO_HYST_UL
UL static hysteresis for interzone HO from outer to inner In case of multi-band cell, should take into account the difference of propagation between GSM and DCS Added to cause 10 threshold RXLEV_UL_ZONE
ZONE_HO_HYST_DL
DL static hysteresis for interzone HO from outer to inner In case of multi-band cell, should take into account the difference of propagation between GSM and DCS and the difference of BTS transmission power in the two bands Added to cause 11 threshold RXLEV_DL_ZONE
1 10 89
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Annexes GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12200AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 10 Page 89
PING_PONG_MARGIN(0,call_ref)
Penalty PING_PONG_HCP put on cause 13 if The immediately preceding zone in which the call has been is the inner zone of the serving cell And the last handover was not external intracell And T_HCP is still running PING_PONG_MARGIN(0,call_ref) = 0 If the call was not previously in the serving inner zone Or T_HCP has expired
n Co
c e n tr i c c e ll
ne
r zon
O ute
1 10 90
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Annexes GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010
r zone
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12200AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 10 Page 90
neighbour_RXLEV(0,n)
Inner zone interferer 1
I n n er z o n e
?
C o n c e n tr i c c e l l
Outer zone
Concentric cells are designed to create an INNER zone protected from external interferers and creating no interferences on other cells to be able to face more aggressive frequency reuse in INNER zone TRXs neighbour_RXLEV(0,n) tuning enables to avoid handovers if the MS position will lead to interferences the condition is checked towards all neighbor cells belonging to the same layer and band as the serving cell
1 10 91
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Annexes GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12200AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 10 Page 91
EN_CAUSE_13 Load balance between inner and outer zones may be allowed by setting EN_LOAD_BALANCE = ENABLE If EN_LOAD_BALANCE = ENABLE If INNER zone is less loaded than OUTER, EN_CAUSE_13 = ENABLE If INNER zone is more loaded than OUTER, EN_CAUSE_13 = DISABLE If EN_LOAD_BALANCE = DISABLE EN_CAUSE_13 = ENABLE
1 10 92
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Annexes GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12200AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 10 Page 92
For example, an MS located in the INNER zone of a concentric cell can make directly an HO cause 12 towards another cell, WITHOUT having to trigger any cause 10 or 11 to the OUTER zone before
C o n c e n t r ic c e l l
I n n er z o n e
Outer zone
C o n c e n t r ic c e l l
Outer zone
C o n c e n t r ic c e l l
1 10 93
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Annexes GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010
Outer zone
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12200AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 10 Page 93
I n n er z o n e
? ?
C el l
C o n c e n t r ic c e l l
1 10 94
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Annexes GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010
Oute r zone
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12200AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 10 Page 94
Use part of Handover cause 13 algorithm on each potential target IF Cell(n) is external
The MS is directed to the OUTER zone of (n)
and
1 10 95
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Annexes GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12200AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 10 Page 95
Please be reminded to fill in the form Self-Assessment on the Objectives for this module The form can be found in the first part of this course documentation
1 10 96
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Annexes GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12200AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 10 Page 96
1 10 97
B11 GSM QoS Monitoring Annexes GSM B11 BSS B11 GSM Quality of Service & Traffic Load Monitoring
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010 3JK12200AAAAWBZZA Issue 1 Section 1 Module 10 Page 97
@@SECTIONTITLE - @@MODULETITLE
@@SECTION - @@MODULE - 1
@@PRODUCT @@COURSENAME
Page blanc
Copyright 2010 by Alcatel-Lucent - All rights reserved Passing on and copying of this document, use and communication of its contents not permitted without written authorization from Alcatel