Air pollution monitoring using wireless network There's nothing quite like opening the door and breathing

fresh, clean, airbut how clean is the air you're breathing right now? Unless you're a scientist with a chemistry lab at your fingertips, there's no real way of knowing. The gases you're sucking up through your nose could be slowly killing you: according to the World Health Organization, around two million people die prematurely from the effects of polluted air every single year. Air pollution is a huge problemand not just for people living in smog-choked cities: through such things as global warming and damage to the ozone layer, it has the potential to affect us all. So what exactly causes this major environmental issue

Photo: Air pollution is obvious when it pours from a smokestack (chimney), but it's not always so easy to spot. This smoke comes from a coal-fired power plant and its pollutants include sulfur dioxide and the "greenhouse gas" carbon dioxide Air pollution is a gas (or a liquid or solid dispersed through ordinary air) released in a big enough quantity to harm the health of people or other animals, kill plants or stop them growing properly, damage or disrupt some other aspect of the environment (such as making buildings crumble), or cause some other kind of nuisance (reduced visibility, perhaps, or an unpleasant odor). As with water pollution and land contamination, it's the quantity (or concentration) of a chemical in the air that makes the difference between "harmless" and "pollution." Carbon dioxide (CO2), for example, is present in the air around you at a typical concentration of less than 0.05 percent and breathing

it in usually does no harm (you breathe it out all day long); but air with an extremely high concentration of carbon dioxide (say, 510 percent) is toxic and could kill you in a matter of minutes Problem Statement:Now a days the application of WSN for air pollution monitoring & control of various parameters is composed of a number of sensor nodes with a networking capability that can be applied for ad-hoc & continuous monitoring purpose. The parameters involved in industry waste gas monitoring in the low lying areas and the data is send to the base station or control room. The base station / control room will take the appropriate action depending up on the received data.

Block diagram & Description:Theoretical Analysis :It is proposed to implement a WSN system based on using ZigBee, which consist of microcontroller and WSN comprising of different sensors. It is proposed to CO,CO2 ,SO2,NO2,temp sensor for air pollution monitoring in urban areas with wireless communication. The system block diagram consist of a) Wireless sensor node. b) Base station. A] Wireless sensor node1:-

A wireless sensor network (WSN) is an infrastructure comprised of sensing, computing and communication elements that allows the administrator to monitor & control of the specified parameters in the network. Typical application of WSN includes data collection, monitoring, surveillance & medical telemedicine. It is also used in irrigation system, Greenhouses for monitoring & controlling parameters like water flow, temp, humidity, moisture, etc. Wireless sensor node:LCD

CO2,CO,N,smoke,temp

ARM7

MAX232

GSM modem

a) Sensors:-

GPS modem

Sensors are hardware devices that produce measurable response to a change in a physical condition of air pollution. The analog signal send by the sensors is digitized by an analog to digital converter & send to controller for further processing. There are different types of sensors from which we can select the suitable & appropriate sensor depending on the application.

Sensor 1 (cO2 sensor):The SO2 sensor senses the gas and communicate the data with microcontroller.

Sensor 2 (CO sensor):The co sensor senses the gas and communicate the data with microcontroller. Sensor 3 (N sensor):The Nitrogen sensors sense the gas and communicate the data with microcontroller. Sensor 4 (smoke sensor):The smoke sensor senses the gas and communicate the data with microcontroller. Sensor 5 (temp sensor):The temp sensor senses the tempreture and communicate the data with microcontroller.

b) GPRS:In the proposed system, we are using GPRS modem for transmitting the data to server room. GPRS modem is used to send the data over TCP IP(internet)

b) GPS:In the proposed system, we are using GPS modem for taking the position of the location and transmitting the data to server room using gprs.

Microcontroller unit:Microcontroller like ARM (LPC2148) performs tasks, processes data and control the functionality with other components in the sensor node. This also sends the data to the GSM modem for the transmission of data to the base station. 1) Central control unit:- Central control unit will have PC which should have internet connection so that it will be able to receives the data from the WSN and store the data in database

PC

Advantages:1) It is reliable. 2) It supports large number of node 3) Low cost.

4) It can be used globally. 5) Able to know the location of the area due to use of GPS 6) Data will be able to monitor remotely using GPRS 7) Data will be transmitted with high speed

Application:
Clients such as the municipality, environmental protection agencies, travel agencies, insurance companies and tourist companies can connect to the Pollution-Server through the Internet and check the real-time air pollutants level using a normal browser on a standard PC or a mobile device.