Mice

DNA Viral Infections

Non-enveloped
Adenovirus DDX:

Hemorrhagic encephalitis in susceptible

Replicate in Macrophage, endothelial cells, adrenal thymic involution, necrosis of
Mouse Adenovirus-1 Murine adenovirus A mice; Hemorrhagic enteritis, fatty liver, Polyomavirus, cytomegalovirus
nucelus; INIB cortex, renal tubule, thymus liver and spleen
wasting disease

Mouse Adenovirus-2 Murine adenovirus B Enterotropic runting Intestinal epithelial are unique to Madv-2

Enveloped
Herpesvirus
Betaherpes
Replicate in
Eosinophilic INIB, ICIB, in
nucleus and
Does not cross the placenta, may cause salivary glands, DDX for sialoadenitis w/ Inclusions: Polyomavirus, (no
cause
Mouse Cytomegalovirus Murid Herpesviris -1 salivary glands fetal death and resorption, delayed birth, ;lymphoplasmacytic infiltration inclusions=Reovirus 3, Mouse thymic virus, Mammary
cytomegalic
runts of the interstitium, focal tumor virus)
inclusions with
necrosis
INIB and ICIB
Mouse Thymic Virus (MTLV) Murid Herpesvirus -3 INIB Thymus Thymic necrosis, granuloma DDX: Coronavirus or stress
Polyomaviridae
Tumors of mammary gland,
salivary gland, thymus, skin
Salivary gland tumors, kidneys, 40 other tumors, renal sarcoma, DDX: Mouse hepatitis, Pneumocystis, Sendai, Pneumonia
Murine Polyomavirus INIB Multifocal necrosis and inflammation
cell types osteosarcoma, virus of mice, adneovirus, cytomegalovirus
hemangiosarcoma,
fibrosarcoma
Murine pneumotropic virus INIB in vascular replicates in intestinal capillary pulmonary vascular edema DDX: Polyoma virus of mouse, adenovirus,
K-Virus liver, lung, brain, spleen
(MPtV endothelium endothelium and hemorrhage cytomegalovirus
Parvoviridae
more pathogenic for
INIB in spleen
hemorrhage, hematopoietic involution, hemopoietic tissue than MPV;
Mice Minute Virus (MVM) mononuclear Kidney, intestine, lymphoid tissue, liver
renal papillary infarction Targets outer granular layer of
cells
cerebellum
similar to MVM, but infects
Mouse Parvovirus 1
mice of all ages
Poxviridae
INIB, basophilic
Direct contact through cutaneous spleen, liver, kidney, lung, intestine;
related- vaccinia, variola, to eosinophilic necrosis of spleen, liver, lymph DDX: Hepatitis, MHV, Tyzzers, Salmonella, bite wounds,
Ectromelia Ectromelia virus (ECTV) trauma; readily infects placenta and amputating lesions, intestinal
monkeypox, cowpox especially node, peyer's patches, thymus alopecia, hypersensitivity, gangrene
fetus hemorrhage, necrosis
hepatocytes
MousePox

RNA Virus
runts, wasting,
vasculitis,
glomerulonephriti
Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis s, lymphocytic necrotizing hepatitis, lymphocytic DDX: Lymphoproliferative disorders, amyloidosis,
Arenavirus zoonotic
Virus infiltration in meningitis glomerulonephritis, Chronic renal disease
brain , liver,
adrenal, kidney,
lung
Necrosis of T cell
in lymhpoid
Lactate Dehydrogenase- tissue, Scattered neuronolysis with apoptosis
DDX: Mouse encephalomyelitis virus (MEV), MHV, or
Arterivirus Elevating Virus Infection generalized and perivasculitis, non-suppurative
retrovirus
(LDV) splenomegaly, leptomeningitis, myelitis, radiculitis
lymphadenomeg
aly
hepatic nodular
hyperplasia with
parenchymal
collapse and Residual brain lesions- DDX: adults- Salmonella, Tyzzers, Mousepox; Neonates-
necrosis and syncytia of parenchyma
fibrosis, splenic enterotropic MHV- depends on age- perivascular cuffing of Reovirus, Cytomegalovirus, adenovirus; Enteritis-
and endothelial cells- liver spleen, red
Coronavirus Murine Hepatitis Virus (MHV) necrosis, neonates have villous attenuation, lymphocytes and vacuolation/ epizootic diarrhea, salmonella, Tyzzers, Reovirus;
and white pulp, GALT, thymys and bone
Neurologic, syncytia, and mucosal necrosis granulomatous serositis in IFN Demyelinating- Mouse encephalomyelitis virus, LDV,
marrow
vestibular, deficient mice Polyoma virus in immunodeficient mice
paresis in
immunodeficient
mice
Paramyxoviridae
Mild necrotizing
rhinitis,
Alveolar septae are thickened with
necrotizing
edema and macrophages and
bronchiolitis,
leukocytes, and alveolar spaces are DDX: Pulmonary disease and wasting- Sendai and
Pneumonia virus of mice non-suppurative
Murine pneumovirus (MPV) collapsed and filled with fibrin, blood and Pneumocystis murinus (immunodeficient) PVM tends not
(PVM) interstitial
macrophages and large polygonal to induce bronchiolar hypertrophy like Sendai virus
pneumonia with
mononuclear cells (detached Type II
neutrophils,
pneumocytes)
lymphocytes and
macrophages
 neutrophils, macrophages,
Infects
lymphocytes, fibrin in alveoli,
respiratory Segmental necrotizing airways with DDX: Mycoplasma, Corynebacterium kutscheri. Mild
CD-8 Triggered apoptosis of infected atelectasis; Bronchiolar
Sendai Virus Sendai Virus (SeV) epithelium and inflammation as well as foci of interstitial lesions can look like PVM or MHV. Immunodeficient mice
cells epithelium may be
Type II pneumonia can look like PVM or Pneumocystis murina
hyppertrophic and hyperplastic
pneumocytes
prior to apoptosis
Picornaviridae
SCID mice have marked vacuolation and
MEV or Theilovirus (ThV); Viral encephalitis attacks neurons and glia; neuronolysis,
enlargement of affected neurons, in the DDX: neurological disease- trauma, neoplasia, otitis, MHV,
Mouse encephalomyelitis virus Mouse poliovirus or Theiler's and neuronophagia, microgliosis, non-
brain stem and ventral horn of a spinal LDV; In immunodeficient mice polyoma virus
virus demyelination suppurative meningitis and perivasculitis
cord.
Reoviridae
Diffuse encephalitis with
vascular distribution;
Necrotizing myocarditis,
Mammalian orhtoreovirus enters through Runted, jaundiced, steatorrhea, dorsal DDX: Neonatal disease with steatorrhea- mouse hepatitis
mouse reovirus neonatal disease necrosis of lymphoid tissue,
(MRV) Peyer's patches alopecia virus, EDIM virus, Salmonella
necrotizing hepatitis, portal
hepatitis, acinar pancreatitis,
and sialodacryoadenitis
Infects terminally
differentiated
Epizootic Diarrhea of Infant Loose mustard colored feces staining Hydropic change and vacuolation of DDX: Enterotropic MHV, MAdV, reovirus, Salmonellosis,
Rotavirus-A (RV-A) enterocytes of
Mice (EDIM) the perineum enterocytes at the tips of villi Tyzzer's disease
villi of small and
large intestine
Caliciviridae
Non-pathogenic,
tropism for
Alveolitis, pulmonary edema,
macrophages
coagulation necrosis in liver, minimal Multiofcal mononuclear hepatitis,
and dendritic
Norovirus Murine norovirus (MNV-1) inflammation, necrotizing splenitis, interstitial pneumonia, pleuritis,
cells, replicate in
endothelial hypertrophy in STAT1 null peritonitis
lung liver, and
mice
lymphoid organs
in macrophages
Retroviridae

Other autonomous retroelement flanked

MuLV and
by LTR's are: Intracisternal A particles
MMTV's encode Non-autonomous retroelements must borrow reverse
(IAP's), MusD elements, VL30 elements, LINE's are long interspersed
retroelements make up 37% of the mouse genome, most their own reverse transriptase- they encode no proteins but are flanked by
Most are methylated and glutathione tRNA primer binding sites nucleotide sequences and
considered genetic parasites. These require transcription transcriptase and LTR's (early transposons (Etns), Short interspersed
transcriptionally silent due to mutation (GLN's), and murine endogenous make up 20% of the genome-
from RNA to DNA- gag, pro, pol, env genes flanked by LTR's are incorporated nuclear elements (SINES); Also there are numerous LTR's
retroelements (MuERV's- include these lack LTR's
into the genome with no internal reading frame
MuERVC, MuRRS, MuRVY's) These are
(provirus)
general info mi

Endogenous retroelements are mostly defective, they do

Exogenous retroviruses are transmitted horizontally as represent mobile DNA that can re-integrate in other
conventional viruses regions of the genome during cell division withour virion
assembly and re-infection
LTR's include enhancers, promotors, which
LTR's encode superantigen
dictate transcriptional acitivty and tissue MMTV- tropism for mammary tissue
gene (sag)
specificity
Once in the viral
genome they are
called viral Acute transforming retroviruses have
incorporate a host cell proto- oncogenes and such v-onc genes and are capable of
MuSV-sarcomavirus oncogene that directly alters may be mutated transforming a cell quickly instead of
cell division to increase their relying on random insertional
pathogenicity, mutagenesis
but also may be
defective
transmitted Re-integration into the somatic genome
through milk, results in random insertional Mouse lymphoma - B cell and arise in
MuLV Exogenous and endogenous
semen, saliva, mutagenesis and neoplasia follows spleen.
etc integration near host proto-oncogenes
insertional
Mammary gland neoplasia, mutagenesis can be endogenous or exogenous and
MMTV
lymphocytotropic transforms transmitted in milk
lymphocytes
Bacterial Infections
Enteric Infections
hyperplastic,
catarrhal colitis;
Induce
dissolution of
non-flagellated, species specific,
brush border, bacterial colonization elicits intense
requires direct contact, colonizes cecum Acquired immune response is
actin filament mucosal epithelial hyperplasia/ cryptal
Transmissible murine colonic and colon, attachment mediated by necessary for clearance but is DDX: hyperplastic colitis, E coli, Helicobacter, enterotropic
Citrobacter rodentium rearrangement, cysts that fill with mucin; rectal prolapse;
hyperplasia (TMCH) bacterial intimin and Type III proteins also a major factor in disease MHV
pedestal contracted thickended colon, erosion,
including translocated intimin receptor severity
formation similar multifocal hepatitis and splenitis
(Tir)
to attaching and
effacing E coli
(EPEC and
EHEC)

Escherichia coli
Large intestinal
hyperplastic
lesions,
Coliform typhlocolitis perineal fecal staining DDX: C rodentium, Helicobacter, Enterotropic MHV
thickended colon
mucosa, mucosal
hyperplasia

red mucosa,
inflammation, multifocal liver necrosis with neutrophils,
DDX: MHV, mousepox, salmonellosis, pseudomoniasis,
Clostridium piliforme Tyzzer's Disease necrosis in myocyte degneration, myocarditis,
corynebacterium, Helicobacter spp, clostridial enteropathy
mucosa and intracellular bacteria
muscularis

4mm white foci in

liver, hypertrophy
Hyperplastic typhlocolitis and bile duct hyperplasia, fibrosis, helical mucosal crypt hyperplasia, organisms in Hepatocellular tumors,
Helicobacter hepaticus and hyperplasia DDX: Salmonella, Proteus, Tyzzers, MHV, ectromelia
hepatitis microorganisms crypt lumen typhlocolitis (IBD)
of ito cells and
oval cells

fibriae to M
Salmonella Typhimurium diarrhea, conjunctivitis, splenomegaly,
cells--> DDX: Tyzzer's, coronaviral hepatitis, mousepox,
intracellular, in macrophages histiocytic granuloma pale liver foci, fibrinous peritonitis,
Enteritidis phagocytosis by Helicobacter, pseudomoniasis
venous thrombosis,
enterocytes-->
pulmonary
perivascular and
peribronchiolar organisms grow within bronchiolar
lymphocyte epithelium, type 1 alveolar cells,
Chlamydiae obligate intracellular
infiltration and macrophages,, intracytoplasmic vesicles
non-suppurative containing inclusions
interstitial
pneumonia
Chronic
suppurative
cranioventral
bronchopneumon
Cilia-Associated Respiratory Warthin starry shows long filamentous associated with viruses like Sendai and
ia with marked
Bacillus bacteria along cilia PVM
peribronchiolar
infiltration with
lymphocytes and
plasma cells
old mice with
suppurative
endometritis,
cystic
endometrial
K oxytoca- suppurative
Klebsiella hyperplasia,
female repro tract lesions
salpingitis,
perioophoritis/
peritonitis
(abscesses and
adhesions)
renal tubular
interrogans ser pulmonary fibrinoid vasculitis, necrosis and
Leptospira
icterohemorrhagiae thrombosis, hemorrhage interstitial
nephritis
Lethal disease, discohesion
of hepatic cords, hyperplasia focal hepatic
interrogans ser copenhageni interstitial nephritis and tubular damage
of Kupffer cells and necrosis,
macrophages,

colonizes the
apical cell
flat epithelium, syncytia,
membranes or mucopurulent exudate, vestibular signs,
respiratory and genital tract peribronchiolar and
respiratory bronchiolectasiss, abscessation, DDX: CAR bacillus, Sendai, Streptobacillus and
Mycoplasma M pulmonis disease ans sometimes Mitogenic for B cells perivascular lymphocytes,
epithelium, suppurative rhinitis, hyperplasia of Corynebacterium (Pneumonia and arthritis)
arthritis metaplasia of respiratory
exacerbated by mucosal glands
epithelium
viral infections
and Pasteurella
M neurolyitcum Rolling disease exotoxin conjunctivitis
attahced to
transmitted by Polyplax
M Coccoides erythrocytes and severe anemia and death
serrata- louse
free in plamsa
M hemomuris typically infects rats

Proloferative enteritis, typhlitis
Lawsonia intracellularis
Pasteurella pneumotropica
Proteus mirabilis
rats hamsters,
guinea pigs and
or colitis
rabits
Conjunctivitis,
panophthalmitis,
dacryoadenitis,
Respiratory, enteric and periorbital Necrotizing dermatitis, mastitis, metritis, ddx: fighting injuries, M pulmonis, pneumocystis, Sendai
genital tracts abscressation, UTI, abortions virus
rhinitis, otitis,
cervical
lymphadenitis
splenomegaly,
multifocal hepatic
Suppurative pyelonephritis Fibrinous peritonitis septic thrombi in vessels
lesions in SCID
mice
 subcutaenous
Conjunctivitis, nasal ulcerative lymphangitis, vasculitis,
Pseudomonas aeruginosa edema and DDX: Corynebacterium kutscheri, Enterobacter cloacae
discharge thrombosis, necrosis, hemorrhage
sudden death
Burkholderia gladioli
necrotizing
hepatitis, with
Kupffer cell and
Mice that received bovine Ito cell
Coxiella burnetti
xenografts hyperplasia, and
basophilic
cytoplasmic
inclusions
DDX: pseudomoniasis, corynebacterial, staphylococcal,
Commensal of respiratory Cervical Suppurative embolic nephritis,
Streptobacillus monoliformis Rat Bite Fever- potentially fatal zoonotic streptococcal infections, (mycoplasma and
tract lymphadenitis polyarthritis, osteomyelitis
corynebacterium for arthritis)
Non-Type A, type B and Type large or small generalized lymphoid apoptosis and DDX: Tyzzer's disease, (and hyperplasia- citrobacter,
Clostridium perfringens necrotizing and hyperplastic changes
D intestine renal tubular vacuolation Helicobacter, E coli)
Clostridium difficile C diff toxin A and B
liver, kidney,
conjunctivitis, thrombosis, gram positive
Corynebacterium kutscheri Pneumonia, caseous necrosis lungs, lymph hematogenous DDX: Staph, Strep, Mycoplasma (arthritis)
bacilli
nodes
Marked epidermal hyperplasia,
lipophilic and orthokeratotic hyperkeratosis ans
Corynebacterium bovis Hyperkeratosis DDX: Low humidity, some other bacterial dermaitis
grows in keratin mononuclear and PMN cells in the
dermis
DDX: Ectromelia virus, Pasteurella pneumotropica,
Corynebacterium spp Conjunctivitis Staphylococcus, Foreign bodies, genetic factors
(entropion etc
Staphylococci Staphylococci Conjunctivitis
hemolysins,
B6 mice prone to
nucleases,
exfoliative exotoxins, leukocidin, trichotillomania causing
proteases, superficial colonization with underlying DDX: other bacterial abscesses, Streptococcal necrotizing
Necrotizing dermatitis Enterotoxins and Toxic shock syndrome ulcerative dermatitis followed
lipases, burn like lesions dermatitis, amputation of the tail (mousepox)
toxin-1 by colonization with staph and
hyaluronidase,
then necrotizing dermatitis
collagenase
Gram pos
bacteria
Chronic disease can cause
surrounded by
Lymphadenitis multisystemic amyloidosis and
splendore
splenomegaly
hoeppli material
(botryomycosis)
Group A-
Group B- Meningoencephalitis,
bacteremia,
Streptococci Streptococcus Lancefield groups A, B, C, G ependymitits, periventriculitis, (from
cervical
nose), pyelonephritis, septicemia
lymphadenitis
DBA/2 mice with
pyelonephritis
and subsequent
bacteriemia with
Strep agalactiae Group B disseminated
lesions to the
heart, kidneys,
spleen, liver,
uterus, thorax
subcutaneous,
hepatic, and
Strep equisimilis Group C
abdominal
abscesses
Necrotizing
dermatitis with
Group G
vasculitis and
thrombosis
with
Pseudomonas
Enterotoccus Lancefield group D can cause enterococcus durans and faecalis
bacteremia in
SCID mice
Mycobacteria
asymptomatic with subpleural DDX: M pulmonis, Corynebacterium kutscheri, Freunds
M. avium intracellulare
granulomas adjuvant lesions
Mycotic Infections
Dermatophytosis
epithelial debris,
exudate, mycelia,
Cuplike crusts on head ears, masses of
Trichophyton mentagrophytes
face, tail, extremities arthrospores,
with underlying
dermatitis
Microsporum canis
Defective Paecilomyces, Aspergillus, Rhizopus,
Systemic and Pulmonary Cryptococcus neoformans B6.129S6-Cybb mice Chronic granulomatous disease
NADPH oxidase Candida
Defective
Candida tropicalis B6-p47 Null mice Trichosporon beigelii
NADPH oxidase
Actinomyces
Gastric
 Pseudomemrane
formation with
yeast of the surface mucosa epithelial
Candida pintolopesii
of the glandular stomach hyperplasia and
hyperkeratosis
and leukocytes

Pseudohyphae in
Canida albicans normal inhabitant the kersatinized
layer
Asci (cysts) are
carriers are asymptomatic and disease Interstitial pneumonia with proteinaceous
Non-filamentous yeast-like adhere to type 1 also present and 3-5 um cysts, irregularly DDX: viral pneumonia, Sendai virus, PVM, Congestive
Pneumocytsis murina presents in immunosuppressed mice exudate in the alveolar lumina,
trophic forms pneumocytes contain 8 flattened heart failure
causing pneumonia thickening of alveolar septa
ascospores
Parasitic disease
Ectoparasites
Myobia,
DDX: Pediculosis, trauma, bacterial dermatitis,
Radfordia, epidermal hyperplasia and
Acariasis fur mites dermatophytosis, hair chewing, muzzle alopecia
Mycoptes, hyperkeratosis
(mechanical)
Tichoecius
do not feed on blood but secretions;
Myobia musculi hypersensitivity cause pruritis and self trauma leading to
hair loss and secondary infections
Follicle Mites Demodex musculi
Psorergates rare
Ornithonyssus bacoti tropical rat mite blood sucking intense pruritis
Pediculosis Louse
heavy
Polyplax serrata infestations can
result in anemia
Protozoal
endoparasites
vermiformis, falciformis,
Eimeria
papillata, ferrisi
gastric mucosa, relatively
Cryptosporidium muris
non-pathogenic
enteritis
small intestine, marginally cholangiohepatitis with focal hepatic
Cryptosporidium parvum secondary to viral
pathogenic necrosis, peribiliary fibrosis
infections
poor hair coat,
Giardia muris lumen of duodenum
distention
commensal crypts and intervillous spaces are
Spironucleus muris (formerly hexamita) inghabitant of distended, lymphocytes and plasma
intestine cells
cats definitive
Toxoplasma gondii rare in lab mice
hosts
cats definitive
Sarcocystis muris rare in lab mice
hosts
Klossiella muris renal coccidiosis
granulomatous hepatitis,
microsporidiosis (more like spores are gram
Encephalitozoon cuniculi interstitial nephritis,
fungi) positive
meningoencephalitis
Helminths
rectal prolapse,
Oxyuriasis (pinworms) intussusception, fecal
impaction, diarrhea
cysticerci in lamina propria
nana also capable of superinfections via
Tapeworms Rodentolepis nana all use arthropods as intermediate hosts and threadlike adults adults in
direct ife cycles
lumen
larger and intermediate forms do not
Hymenolepis diminuta
appear in the mucosa
as large as diminuta and often exist in
Rodentolepis microstoma bile ducts or pancreatic ducts inciting
pancreatitis and cholangitis
scolex and segments within a
Taenia taeniaformis mice ar larval form in stobilocercus (cysticercus
adults live in cats cyst found in the liver (may
(cysticercus fasciolaris) intermediate host fasciolaris)
resemble adult tapeworm)
Nutritional and
Metabolic
DDX: glomerular hyalinosis (agre related),
serum precursor precursors are degraded by
Amyloidosis 2 types AA inflammatory response spleen liver intestine and kidney glomerulonephritis, hydronephrosis, spontaneous cardiac
apoSAA macrophages to AA fibrils
atrial thrombosis
Primary or Senile Adrenals, intestine, heart, lungs, thyroid,
AapoAII produced by liver
Amyloid parathyroid, ovaries, testes
some say it is not
amyloid since it
does not stain
nasal mucosa
with Congo red
and is trichrome
positive
Soft Tissue Calcification
Epicardial mineralization with
BALB/c
fibrosis of the RV free wall
 foci of degeneration and
Skeletal myofiber
C3H mineralization throughout LV
mineralization
myocardium and IVS
dystophic
mineralization in
the aorta, testes,
epicardial and myocardial in the tongue can form inflammatory
DBA mice tongue, muscle,
mineralization polyps
cornea, kidney,
stomach, small
intestine, ovary
Dystrophic mineralization of
DBA, C3H, BALB
the superficial corneal stroma
focal to diffuse accumulation
Acidophilic Macrophage Any disease that impairs normal
of acidophilic crystals within cytoplasm packed with needle to
Pneumonia/ Epithelial AMP B6, 129 pulmonary clearance can predispose to
macrophages, alveolar rhomboid shaped crystals
hyalinosis AMP
spaces, and airways

olfactory, nasal
respiratory,
middle ear,
trachea, lung, In the cytoplasm of epithelial cells, with
Hyalinosis part of the syndrome
stomach, gall blebbing and filling of glands
bladder, bile duct
and pancreatic
duct epithelium

mitochondrial
anticedent viral infections and
hepatoencephalopathy and swelling with hepatic lipidosis, Alzheimers type II
aspirin therapy are livers are swollen greasy and pale, DDX: BALB/c hepatic fatty degeneration (lesser degree of
Reye's like Syndrome fatty degeneration of the hepatocyte astrocytes, intestinal lesions associated
participating factors in kidneys are swollen change)
viscera dysfunction in the with MHV are variable
humans
primary lesion

Behavioral
Disorders
diffuse wounds
The presence of males will or centered
Male aggression DBA, Swiss, BALB/c synchronize estrus (Witten around the tail
effect) and external
genitalia
Bar-mouthing, jumping,
Stereotypy circling, somersaulting, repetitive funtionless behavior
routetracing
Barbering tritrichotillomania females> males B6 and A2G self or conspecific can initiate ulcerative dermatitis
Penis self mutilation B6
Husbandry
Mechanical muzzle alopecia
annular constrictions of the
Ringtail low humidity
tail and feet
necrosis and sloughing of
Cotton Sloughing
digits due to cotton fibers
Spinal fracture cage lid closure
require large volumes of Massive thymic
Dehydration check for hydrocephalus
drinking water apoptosis
mice are inefficiaently Massive thymic
Hypo-Hyperthermia
homeothermic apoptosis
Frostbite gangrene nude mice prone
Ear gangrene and Notching Albino Swiss and C3H
Aging Degenerative
and Miscellaneous
dense anagen follicles with dystrophic
hairloss hair follicles, melanin incontinence,
irregular diffuse alopecia of
Alopecia areata C3H mice increases with interfollicular epidermal thickening,
the dorsal and ventral trunk
age perifollicular mononuclear leukocyte
infiltrates
predispose to
Alopecia of B6 mice behavioral disorder Myobia hypersensitivity necrotizing
dermatitis
hyperkeratosis
Clown Mouse syndrome weaning age mice runted and general alopecia and glabrous associated with MHV
skin
neuronal
necrosis of
cortex,
ejaculation with retention of urethral
Siezures DBA/2, SJL, LP audiogenic siezures hippocampus, centrilobular coagulation necrosis of liver
plugs resulting on obstructive uropathy
thalamus,
generalized
gliosis
Hypocallosity aplasia of corpus callosum
reduced neuronal
proliferation,
defects in
domes, runted and
Hydrocephalus C57Bl ependyma,
dehydrated
lamination of
cortex,
microencephaly
Vacuolation of White Matter fixation artifact
 Multilaminated mineralized
concretions
Cochlear degeneration
Spontaneous corneal opacity
Blepharitis and Conjunctivitis
Microphthalmia and
Anophthalmia
Retinal degeneration
Malocclusion
Foreign Body periodonittis
Celft lip palate
Megaesophagus
Gastric mucosal hyperplasia
Ileus in lactating mice
Liver Problems- incidental
Cytomegaly of hepatocytes
Fatty change
Eosinophilic cytoplasmic
inclusions
intranucelar cytoplasmic
invaginations
polyploidy, karyomegaly,
anisokaryoiss, polykarya
Biliary epithelial hyalinosis and
crystals
Bile duct proliferation
Polyarteritis
Vestibular syndrome
Atrial thrombosis and heart
failure
Perivascular lymphoid
infiltrates
Pulmonary histiocytosis
Alveolar lipoproteinosis
Alveolar hemorrhage
Freunds adjuvant pulmonary
granulomata
Aspiration pneumonia
Murine Urologic Syndrome
Chronic Glomerulonephritis/
Glomerulopathy
chronic progressive
nephropathy (resembles the
disease in Rats)
Hydronephrosis
renal Infarction
Polycystic disesae
Renal tubular hyaline bodies
Inclusion body nephritis
Chloroform Toxicity
thalamus of old mice
acute to chronic inflammatory
changes
suppurative conjunctivitis
C57BL
Homozygous rd-1 allele
B6 hereditary
smooth muscle I nthe
abdominal segment
etiology unknown
abdominal distention
BALB-
age related
small to medium sized arteries
manifestation of polyarteritis
thrombosis of the auricle
leading to heart failure
mild to severe in the adventitia
of pulmonary vessels lymphoproliferative disorders
lipid laden macrophages
progressive intraalveolar
accumulation of granular pale hypertrophy and vacuolation
eosinophilic phospholipid of Type II pneumocytes
(surfactant)
extravasation of blood into
alveolar spaces is common
agonal finding
obstructive uropathy
Amyloidosis
Membranoproliferative
glomerulonephritis
LCMV and retroviruses
non-specific basement
membrane thickening
(glomerular hyalinosis)
usually incidentsl
BALB/c
Hyaline eosinophilic bodies in
cytoplasm of tubules
Homogenous intranuclear
eosinophilic inclusions
Renal tubular necrosis
vascularization, mineralization
of corneal basement
membranes
corynebacterium,
abscessation of meibomian staph,
glands pasteurella
pneumotropica
females>males assymetric
absence or degeneration of
rods, outer nuclear layer,
outer plexiform layer,
aplasia of the myenteric
plexus with fibrosis
normal
fibrinoid degeneration and neutrophilic or
usually incidental
necrosis of tunica media mononuclear
Head tilt, circling
precipitated by multisystemic
left side usually
amyloidosis
antecedent to
cholesterol or hemoglobin
crystals
may overlap with
acidophilic
macrophage
pneumonia
prostatitis,
cellulitis, paraphimosis, DDX- agonal release of coagulum from
cystitis, urethritis,
hydronephrosis accessory sex glands
balanoposthitis
glomerular sclerosis, tubular
degeneration, regeneration,
interstitial inflammation,
dilated tubules with protein
rich fluid
DDX- renal papillary necrosis
due to amyloidosis
association with histiocytic
sarcomas
negative for
adjacent interstitial infiltrates
Polyoma virus, K
of lymphocytes
virus, adenovirus
Males >
Females;
mineralization castration DBA and C3H mice
eliminates
sensitivity

Tubular degeneration with
NSAID nephropathy
Mucometra/hydrometra
Cystic endometrial hyperplasia
glandular invasion of the
Adenomyosis
Mammary Hyperplasia
Bulbourethral glands cysts
Seminal Vesicular Dilatation
and atrophy
Pseudocanalization and
Megalokaryocytosis of male
reproductive epithelium
Fibro-osseus lesions in Aged
sternebrae, vertebrae, femurs
mice
Neoplasms
Mammary Tumors
Testicular Tumorsa
Multicentric lymphoma
Thymic lymphoma
Hepatocellular neoplasia
Lymhpoid and NonLymphoid
Hematopoeitic Neoplasia
Lymhphoid neoplasms
Non-Lymphoid neoplasms
Megakaryocytic leukemia
Biphenotypic leukemia
hematopoeitic sarcoma
Pale kidneys with
irregular outlines,
may progress to chronic tubular
mineralization nephropathy degeneration and
atrophy in cortex
and medulla
one or both
some have congenital imperforate DDX- Pyometra, retained fetuses,
BALB/c, B6, DBA abdominal distension uterine horns
vagina neoplasia
dilated
may be associated with
aged female mice secondary bacterial
pyometras
oftne extends to serosa DDX- neoplasia
myometrium
virgin female FVB/N
secretions are
at the base of penis and Cystic glands present as unilateral or may be suppurative- Staph aureus,
Small pear shaped part of copulatory
embedded in skeletal muscle bilateral swellings of the perineum Pasteurella pneumotropica
plug
bone marrow
replaced by
fibroblast like
cells and can extend into the periosteum; Non
aged female B6C3F1 DDX- histiocytic sarcoma, osteosarcoma
osteoblasts malignant
embedded in an
eosinophilic
matrix
C3H/He
129/Sv
BALB/c
AKR
DBA
B cell Precursor B cell
multisystemic, lung , kidney, often with
Mature B cell small cell
leukemic phase
spleninc marginal arise in marginal zones and extend into spleens are enlarged; cells
multifocal in spleen
zone both red and white pulp have abundant cytoplasm
arise from follicles; typicallyu low grade
Most common; spleen, Peyer's patches,
Follicular B cell and resemble germinal centers with
Mesenteric lymph nodes
large cells
arise from centroblasts in the
Diffuse large B
Resemble follicular lymphomas spleen, LN, mediastimum splenic white pulp, medium can be histiocyte associated
cell
sized with scant cytoplasm
Burkitt-lymphoma
Burkitt-like Lymphoblastic . Not Herpes virus
lymphoma associated
Plasma cell Plasmacytoma
Extraosseus plasmacytoma
anaplastic plasmacytoma
B natural killer
cell
Cd4-/ Cd8-, medium sized and uniform with scant
T cell Precursor T cell enlarged thymuses
CD3+ cytoplasm
Splenomegaly, lymphadenomegaly, not
Mature T cell Small cell
Thymic associated
T-natural Killer
cell
Large cell
anaplastic
originates in the
Myeloid (granulocytic) spleen, can go to large vesicular nuclei, round, indented or
sparing of splenic follicles/ splenomegaly
Leukemias BM, liver, lung, ring shaped
adrenal. Kidneys
With maturation
Without maturation
Myeloproliferative disease-like
myeloid leukemia
Erythroid leukemias
Granulocytic
 enlarged spleen,
multifocal
nodules in lungs,
large nuclei and multinucleated giant erythrophagocytosis espiecially in the
Histiocytic sarcoma liver, ovaries,
cells liver
uterus, kidney,
bone marrow,
lymph nodes
Mast cell
Myeloid dysplasia
Myelodysplastic syndrome
Cytopenia with increased
blasts
Non-reactive Myeloid
proliferation
Genetic myeloproliferation
Myeloproliferative disease
Mammary tumors
Glandular composed of glands
multicentric and
multinodular, well
glandular structures with small MMTV's are either exogenous circumscribed,
Acinar
lumina (MMTV) or endogenous (low grade) pulmonary
metastasis is
common

Sheets or nests forming

Cribriform lumina with round punched out
spaces
fingerlike projections of
Papillary epithelium covering a central
vascular core
solid sheets of epithelium with
Solid little or no glandular
differentiation
Squamous cells with or
Squamous without differentiation, no
glandular pattern
Myxoid and fibrous stroma and
Fibroadenoma
glands
Adenomyoepithelioma myoepithelium and glands
glandular and squamous
Adenosquamous
elements
Does not resemble any of the
NOS
above
Pulmonary Tumors
originate from
Type II
closely packed cuboidal to lining
A strain is highly susceptible enhanced with viral infections pneumocytes or Cells are non ciliated and may
Primary pulmonary Adenoma remnants of alveolar septa with sparse DDX- focal alveoalr epithelial cell hyperplasia (older mice)
due to a mutated K-ras allele such as Sendai its precursor have mucinous differentiation
collagenous stroma
common to Clara
cells
Primary pulmonary Sub-pleural masses +/- invasion and
columnar cells
adenocarcinoma seeding of visceral and parietal pleura
Papilloma
Squamous cell carcinoma
Adenosquamous carcinoma
neuroendocrine carcinoma
Hepatocellular neoplasia
well circumscribed,
Hepatocellular adenomas and Antecedent: cell alteration, clear cell grey to tan nodules, trabecular and solid unencapsulated,
Aged males > females A and DBA strains Helicobacter spp
carcinomas foci, basophilic foci, eosinophilic cell foci types, anisokaryosis, karyomegaly,
cytomegaly
organoid structures arranged
Hepatoblastoma or forming rows and rosettes
around vascular channels
Cholangioma
Cholangiocarcinoma
hemangioma
hemangiosarcoma
Histiocytic sarcoma
Ito cell tumors (rare)
Harderian gland tumors
lobulated
resilient, light tan
papillary cystadenomas or slow growing, appear late in protrusion of the eye with well differentiated epithelial cells with
to white mass in
solid adenomas life porphyrin staining vacuolated cytoplasm
the retroorbital
space
highly invasive with infiltration
Adenocarcinomas of bone and othe rstructures of
the head
Arise from Cystic chambers containing serous fluid
metastasis to lungs, myeloid
submaxillary and may also be associated with mammary, (necrosis)/ large pleiomorphic spindle
Myoepitheliomas BALB/c and BALB/cBy Females > Males hyperplasia of bone marrow
parotid salivary preputial, and Harderian glands cells with epithelial and mesenchymal
and spleen
glands features
Reproductive Neoplasms
Female
Papillary cystadenomas
 ovarian tubular adenomas
granulosa cell and thecal
tumors
Dysgerminomas rare
hemangiomas/sarcomas urterus
Uterine endometrial stromal
tumors
adenocarcinomas
Leiomyosarcomas
Histiocytic sarcomas
Male
Sebaceosquamous adenomas pregutial glands of both males
and carcinomas and females
Teratomas of the testis
Extragonadla teratoma perigenital region
Mesenchymal and Bone
Neoplasms
arise from skeletal muscle in
Rhabdomyosarcomas
BALB/cj, and BALB/cByJ
can be induced by Moloney Murine Sarcoma
Mesenchymal tumors
carcinogens and viruses Virus
Soft tissue sarcomas Trp53
Multicentric osteomas OF-1 mouse
from spinal vertebrae, metastasis to lung, liver, lumbosacral
Primary Osteosarcomas present with posterior paralysis
sternebrae and long bones spleen, kidney region
Endocrine Neoplasms
Solid, sinusoidal, cystic, compress
Pituitary Gland Adenomas B6 and Swiss mice, FVB/N prolactin producing Females > Males
overlying brain
Adrenocortical adenomas
Pheochromocytomas
Pancreatic Islet tumors
Thyroid Follicular cell
Adenomas
 Rats
DNA Viral Infections
Non-enveloped
Adenovirus DDX:
Rats have a
Intranuclear
serologically related
Mouse Adenovirus MAdV-2 inclusions in
virus but do not have
enterocytes
disease
Enveloped
Herpesvirus
antigenically distinct Salivary and Lacrimal cytomegaly with INIB Non-suppurative
Rat Cytomegalovirus
from CMV glands and ICIB interstitial inflammation
Polyomaviridae
Serologically distinct
Pneumonia and INIB in ductal euthymic rats did not
from polyoma and K
sialoadenitis epithelium develop disease
virus of mice
Parvoviridae
scrotal hemorrhage
with peritesticular Splenomegaly, liver INIB in hepatocytes, cerebrallar hyoplasia, DDX- pseudomoniasis
may have reproductive
Group 1 Kilhams rat virus (RV) fibrinous exudation, necrosis, endothelial cells and hepatitis, and jaundice septicemia, Mycoplasma
disorders
necrosis and infarction encephalomalacia bile duct epithelium in neonates pulmonis, trauma
due to thrombosis
H-3
X-14
RV-Y
HER virus
Group 2 Toolan's H1
HT
Group 3 Rat Parvovirus (RPV)
Poxviridae
related to cowpox,
Turkmenia rodent dermal pox and tail
distinct from interstitial pneumonia may be cowpox virus
Poxvirus amputation
ectromelia
RNA Virus
ddx: Mycoplasma, Sendai,
parotid and
also produce nonkeratinizing Pneumonia virus of mice
Sialodacryoadenitis excessive lacrimation submandibular coagulation necrosis of
Coronavirus pulmonary disease in squamous metaplasia (pneumonia), Pseudomonas
Virus (SDAV) with crusts salivary glands are ductal structures
young rats of ducts (edema), stress events, ammonia
swollen
in environment
Necrotixing tracheitis,
Parkers Rat rhinitis, tracheitis, salivary and lacrimal flattening of Athymic nude rats
Coronavirus interstitial pneumonia gland lesions epithelium, loss of develop chronic wasting
cilia
aerosol and contact
Bunyaviridae Hantavirus genus
spread
Humans-
Hantaan virus
no disease thrombocytopenia,
(HFRS)
myalgia,
Humans- pulmonary
HPS
capillary leakage
Perivascular some neutrophils and
DDX: Sendai, and Pneumonia
Rat Respiratory Virus lymphohistiocytic type II pneumocyte
virus of Mice
interstitial alveolitis hyperplasia
Paramyxoviridae
Non-suppurative
Perivascular infiltrates,
mice, rats, hamsters, vasculitis and DDX: Sendai, Rat Respiratory
Pneumonia virus of Mice hyperplasia of BALT,
guinea pigs, gerbils interstitial alveolitis virus, Rat coronavirus
perivasculitis
with necrosis
 hyperplastic to
rhinitis, neutrophils, suppurative bronchitis
respiratory epithelial additive effect of
Sendai Virus Parainfluenza 1 Mice, rat, hamster plasma cells, and bronchiolitis with DDX: PVM, RRV, Rat corona,
necrosis Mycoplasma infections
lymphocytes perivascular and
peribronchial cuffing
Picornaviridae
Rat Cardioviruses
MHG neurologic
RCaV
Rotavirus
villus attenuation,
Infectious Diarrhea of necrosis of
Eosinophilic ICIB DDX: E coli
Infant Rats (IDIR) enterocytes, epithelial
syncytia
Reovirus
Rats do not have
disesae, but
seroconvert

Bacteria
GRAM (-) Enteric
Young rats with
Campylobacter
diarrhea
Lawsonia Intracellularis
Enterocyte necrosis,
filamentous weak
hepatocyte necrosis ,
gram negative, spore Necrotizing and Dilation of SI with
Clostridium piliforme Tyzzer's disease myocardial necrosis
forming obligate hemorrhagic ileitis flaccid dialatation
with neutrophils and
intracellular
mononuclear cells
Proliferative and
Helicobacter ulcerative typhlitis, gastritis
colitis, and proctitis
Thickening of gut wall,
Spleen- focal
crypt epithelial septicemia, bacterial DDX- Pseudomoniasis, rotaviral
enteritidis and granulomas, fibrinous
Salmonella hyperplasia, emboli with fibrin and focal liver necrosis enteritis, cryptosporidiosis,
typhimurium exudation and focal
inflammation, focal exudate management issues and Tyzzers
necrosis
ulceration
GRAM (-) Respiratory
Maybe concurrent
Bronchopneumonia
Bordatella important in guinea infection with Rat
uncommon Suppurative Rhinitis with peribronchial
bronchispetica pigs and Rabbits coronavirus,
lymphoid hyperplasia
Mycoplasma
DDX- Mycoplasma , bacterial
similar to primary Chronic suppurative Peribronchial cuffing
Cilia-Associated filamentous pneumonia, complications to
mycoplasma bronchitis and with lymphocytes and use Warthin Starry stain
Respiratory Bacillus argyrophilic bacillus Sendai, PVM, RRV, Rat
infections bronchiolitis plasma cells
Coronavirus
Haemophilus
peribronchial cuffing
Catarrhal and with lymphocytes, DDX: Corynebacterium kutscheri,
Murine Respiratory dark plum colored and genital tract lesions
M pulmonis suppurative multifocal abscesses metaplasia and CAR bacillus, Pasteurella
Mycoplasmosis tan and otitis media
bronchopneumonia hyperplasia of pneumotropica metritis
respiratory epithelium
Rhinitis, sinusitis,
conjunctivitis, otitis
Pasteurella media, suppurative
Intestine
pneumotropica bronchopneumonia,
chronic necrotizing
mastitis, pyometra
GRAM (+) Respiratory

Multifocal suppurative coagulation and

/granulomatous caseous necrosis,
Corynebacterium Multifocal nephritis
necrotizing Fibrinous pleuritis hematogenous,
kutscheri and hepatitis
pneumonia interstitial pneumonia,
(pseudotuberculosis) perivascular cuffing

rib cage,
submandibular, neck, hyperplasia of
Staphylococcus Ulcerative Dermatitis bacteria in crust
ears, head, with hair epidermis,
loss
Botryomycosis heads
Fibrinopurulent DDX: Corynebacterium,
Streptococcus Suppurative
polyserositis and Salmonella, Pseudomonas,
pneumoniae bronchopneumonia
meningitis Pasteurellosis
gram postiive bacteria
Enterococcus Enteropathy in Infant
abdominal distention on villus tips of small
faeciumdurans-2 Rats
intestine
Fibrinopurulent
polyarthritis,
Erysipelas
myocarditis,
endocarditis
Mycoplasma formerly transmitted by Natural infections are
haemomuris hemobartonella muris Polyplax spinulosa inapparent
abscesses in cervical,
inguinal, mesenteric
Klebsiella pneumonia Opportunistic
lymph nodes and
kidney
subclinical with no
Leptospira
lesions
Septicemia,
DDX: Corynebacterium kutscheri,
Pseudomonas pulmonary edema, Endocarditis, vasculitis
Lung spleen, kidneys Pasteurella pneumotropica,
aeruginosa splenomegaly, with thrombosis
Salmonellosis, Mycoplasma
visceral ecchymoses
Zoonotic,
Streptobacillus maculopapular rash,
Rat Bite Fever
moniliformis fever, headache,
polyarthritis
E. coli, Klebsiella,
Pseudomonas,
Bacterial Pyelonephritis/ Corynebacterium,
cystitis, proctatitis
Nephritis Streptococcus,
Enterococcus,
Proteus
Pulmonary Lesions of
Unknown Etiology
Eosinophilic Eosinophils, epithelioid
Multifocal pale tan to
Granulomatous Brown Norway Rats macrophages, and
grey to red foci
Pneumonia MNGC

Mycotic Infections

rhinitis with epithelial

Aspergillus fumigatus or fungus found on
hyperplasia and
niger epithelial surfaces
squamous metaplasia

Hyperkeratosis,
Trichophyton lesions on the neck epidermal hyperplasia,
Dermatophytosis
mentagrophytes back and base of tail folliculitis, arthrospores
in hair shafts,
 alveoli contain foamy Numerous black
Type II pneumocyte
Pneumocystis carinii/ pink material with trophozoites and
proliferation and
wakefieldii honeycomb yeastlike cysts 3-5um
interstitial fibrosis
appearance in the alveoli
Parasitic Diseases

vector for Mycoplasma

Lice Polyplax spinulosa pruritis, anemia
haemomuris
Holopleura pacifica
Fleas Xenopsylla
Leptopsylla
Nosopsyllus
Radfordia ensifera
Mites
(myobia ratti)
Demodex spp
Notoedres muris disfigurment of the ear
Hyperplastic mucosa
diarrhea and high
Cryptosporidium and blunted villi with
mortality
fusion
infected by ingestioin giemsa stained blood
Tryanosomiasis Trypanosoma lewisi
of fleas or flea feces films
Giardia muris small intestine
Catarrhal enteritis with
Spironucleus muris
weight loss
Helminths
eggs deposited in
rectal prolapse,
Pinworms (nematode): colon and perianal
Syphacia obvelata cecum and colon impactions, diarrhea,
Oxyuris area, embryonate and
intussusceptions
become infectious
Syphacia muris
Aspiculuris tetraptera
Other nematodes
found in lumen and
Trichosomoides
urinary tract bladder mucosa and
crassicauda
renal pelvis
Tapeworms
Rodentolepis and arthropod intermediate
Rodentolepis nana
Hymenolepis host
R. Microstoma
Hymenolepis
diminuta
eggs ingested-->
Cysticercus migrate through Cat eats mouse and Sarcomas may
Taenia taeniaformis fasciolaris is the larval bowel--> encyst in becomes Taenia develop around the
stage liver of mice taeniaformis cysticerci
(cysticercosis)
Aging and
Degenerative
Disorders
chronic Nephrotic syndrome-
proteinuria/casts/ secondary changes:
Chronic Progressive pitted and irregular glomerulopathy/ hypercholesterolemia,
Males> females PAS positive hyaline Hyperparathyroidism,
Nephropathy/ Nephrosis with pallor glomerulosclerosis/ hypoproteinemia,
droplets mineralization
interstitial fibrosis BUN/CT
Nephrocalcinosis various dietary factors
Brown Norway Rat-
Hydronephrosis autosomal
polygenetic disorder
Gunn Rat_ autosomal
dominant
 DDX: pyrelonephritis,
may be due to urethral
S-D: highly heritable polycystic kidneys,
obstruction by sperma
renal papillary necrosis
don’t confuse with
Urinary Calculi agonal copulatory
plugs
renal papilla have
Hematuria/ renal associated with focal proliferation with
Papillary Hyperplasia hydronephrosis necrosis and
hemorrhage
vacuolation of the
cytoplasm.
Fragmentation of interstitial fibrosis with
Myocardial Degeneration ventricular hypertrophy
SPF SD rats M>F sarcoplasm, loss of proliferation of fibrous
and Necrosis and pale streaks
cross striations, tissue
mono-nuclear cell
inflammation
fibrinoid degeneration
and thickening of the
mononuclear cells with
Mesenteric vessels, microscopic lesions media of affected
Polyarteritis Aging rats M>F few neutrophils,
tortuous and thickened not in lung arteries with smudging
thrombosis
of the normal
architecture
Intra-alveolar
macrophages with
needle shaped
Alveolar histiocytosis/ dull pale yellow foci,
crystals and
Alveolar proteinosis subpleural
vacuolated or
homogenous
eosinophilic material
Spontaneous
radiculoneuropathy-
Wallerian Segmental
spinal root
Degenerative nervous degeneration in focal demyelination of the
degeneration with
system changes areas of the spinal peripheral nervous
muslce atrophy of the
cord sytem
lumbar region and hind
limbs
Polyploidy,
megalokarya, Bile ductular
Focal sinusoidal
binuclear proliferation, lined by
dilatation and peliosis,
Liver changes hepatocytes, atrophic epithelium,
either spontaneous or
intranuclear surrounded by
drug induced
cytoplasmic collagenous tissue
invaginations
Miscellaneous
Disorders
secondry to poor
alignment of upper cellultis and salivation
Malocclusion spontaneous/genetic
and lower incisor are sequela
teeth
genetic factors, low Epidermal
Annular constrictions
attributed to low environmental temps, hyperplasia with Dilated and thrombosed
of the skin of the tail
Ringtail environmental degree of hydration, orthokeratotic and vessels, necross,
leading to dry
humidity and nutrition may be parakeratotis hemorrhage
gangrene
involved hyperkeratosis
accompanied by
porphyrin staining
Dehydration
around the eyes (sign
of stress)
 progressive reduction Advanced disease has this muct be
albino rats are
of photoreceptor marked depletion and distinguished from
predisposed due to
Retinal Degeneration nuclei in the outer alteration of the retinal peripheral retinal
unpigmented uveal
nuclear layer of the layers with cataract degeneration
tracts
central retina formation (inherited disorder)

Lacrimal gland
Conjunctivitis- dysfunction- following
Corneal lesions Pasteurella, rat coronavirus- virus
environmental factors damages the
harderian gland (KCS)

dusty bedding
Bedding predisposes to
aspiration pneumonia
Chloral Hydrate Ileus
Multinodular,
granulomatous
inflammatory foci with
Auricular Chondritis SD/ Wistar Rats
chondrolysis and
invasion by
mesenchymal cells
Neopalsia
Large Granular Splenomegaly with DDX- Lymphoma and
anemia and icterus
Lymphocytic Leukemia erythrophagocytosis histiocytic sarcoma
Splenomegaly,
Lymphoma/ Leukemia enlarged lymph
nodes, hepatomegaly

epitheliotropic/
circumscribed medium to large size,
Cutaneous Lymphoma erythematous T cell lymphocytes
(mycosis fungoides) plaques pregressing and dissociated
to ulceration adjacent epidermal
cells
morphology varies
Liver, LN, Lung, from sheets to
Vesicular nuclei, ample
Histiocytic Sarcoma SD/ Wistar Rats Spleen, Mediastinum, pallisading and
cytoplasm, MNGC
Retropertoneum streaming fusiform
cells
Mammary Tumors
may consist of primarily
circumscribed interlobular and
SD females; retroviruses not connective tissue, or
Fibroadenoma moveable firm lobular intralobular
recurrence is likely involved epithelial cells
mass connective tissue
predominate
Carcinoima rare variety of patterns
Pituitary gland tumors
Prolactin secreting
majority/ SD/ Wistar IHC required for tumors most common;
Chromophobe adenoma pars distalis
rats positive identification may contribute to
mammary tumors
Testicular Tumors
also have smaller
polyhedral to elongated
cells with concurrent
Interstitial cell tumor F344 older males lobulated light yellow` cells with granular
hyperchromatic nuclei hypercalcemia
vacuolated cytoplasm
and scant cytoplasm
Tunica vaginalis of
Mesothelioma F344
testis
 sheets of epithelial
Polyhedral cells and
cells with abundant
Holocrine gland at the circumscribed and adenoma or acinar structures
Zymbals Gland Tumors vacuolated cytoplasm,
base of the ear ulcerated adenoacarcinoma containing keratinized
with necrosis and
material and debris
leukocytes
Other
 Hamsters
DNA Viral Infections
Non-enveloped
Adenovirus
Large amphophilic
General Ileal enterocytes intranuclear inclusions,rarely
in crypts, asymptomatic
Enveloped
Herpesvirus
Salivary and Lacrimal
Cytomegalovirus Acinar epithelium cytomegaly with INIB and ICIB
glands
Parvoviridae
New Strain: enamel
H-1: necrosis and
hypoplasia,
inflammation of dental pulp
periodontitis, Multifocal cerebellar and cerebral
with mononuclear leukocytic
Missing incisor teeth suppuration and hemorrhage and thrombosis with
infiltration of the dental
mineralization, transmural hemorrhage
lamina and osteoclasiss of
hemorrhage in dental
alveolar bone
pulp
Polyomavirus
Non glabrous skin- keratinizing
keratinizing skin tumors of
Transmissible Lymphoma Hamster Polyoma Virus can be papilloma like follicular structures reminiscent of
hair follicle origin
trichoepitheliomas

usually lymphoid but erythroblastic,

Abdominal masses, reticulosarcomatous, and myeloid types
Lymphoma liver, kidney, thymus
large lymph nodes have been described, sometimes
plasmacytoid features

RNA Virus

chronic wasting, lymphocytic vasculitis and

Lymphocytic Zoonotic (mild influenza like to
Arenaviral infection infiltration into the liver, lung, glomerulitis with Ag/Ab
Choriomeningitis (LCM) meningitis)
spleen, meninges, and brain complexes in glomeruli
Pneumonia virus of Interstitial pneumonia
Paramyxovirus unknown significance
Mice (PVM) with consolidation
Segmental rhinitis --> hyperplasia of epithelium follows
antigen in respiratory
Sendai virus necrotizing tracheitis and infection plus peribronchiolar
epithelium
bronchoalveolitis lymphocytes

Bacteria
GRAM (-) Enteric
 co infection with
Campylobacter jejuni Zoonotic
Lawsonia
Segmentally thickened
ileum with prominent varying necrosis and hemorrhage, crypt
Runted and emaciated marked crypt and villus epithelial
Lawsonia intracellularis soiling of perineum serosal nodules and abscesses, granulomatous
hamsters hyperplasia, villus elongation
fibrinous peritoneal inflammation
attachments
DDX: Salmonella, Coliform enteritis,
Hepatic necrosis, focal granulomatous myocarditis
Tyzzer's Clostridium Piliforme intracellular Antibiotic associated C difficile,
Ileum , cecum, colon with conspicuous bulging nodules
Campylobacter
yellow to dark red fluid,
neutrophilic focal necrosis fo liver, with DDX: Clostridium, Lawsonia,
E coil blunting and fusion of villi,
inflammation neutrophils Salmonella
lined by cuboidal epithelium
Gastric antrum and
Gastric mucosal hyperplasia may progress to
Helicobacter pyloric duodenal
to dysplasia carcinoma
junction
mucosal thickening and
Proliferative and
sibmucosal edema,
dysplastic typhlocolitis
hypertrophy of enterocytes
Cholangiofibrosis (H
Cholecystis)
Lung: hemorrhage, interstitial
Liver: Pinpoint necrosis, Spleen: focal necrosis
Salmonella pneumonia, and Embolic glomerulonpehritis
with thrombosis and splenitis
thrombophlebitis
Gram (+) Enteric

Lincomycin, clindamycin,
cecum is distended mild pseudomembranous typhlitis.
Antibiotic -associated ampicillin, vancomycin, DDX: Salmonella, Enteropathogenic E
Clostridium difficile with gas and tan to red Effacement of epithelium, edema
Enterocolitis erythromycin, cephalosporins, Coli, Tyzzer's dz
fluid contents of LP, mucosal hyperplasia
gentamicin, penicillin
Necrotizing to hemorrhagic
Non-Antibiotic-associated Clostridium difficile high fat diet
typhlitis
increased mitotic activity and
Cecal mucosal hypertrophy of ceca ar congested
hyperplasia of enterocytes
Unknown etiology contracted and opaque
lining the crypts
Gram (+) Respiratory

local granulomatous
Corynebacterium kutscheri oral cavity, lymph nodes
and suppurative lesions
Streptococcus pseumoniae
S. agalactia

Gram (-)
ruffled fur, lungs had
mottled hemorrhage, Lymphoid necrosis and focal
Francisella tularensis
livers pale and seollen, hemorrhages and bacteria
spleens enlarged
hemolysis, jaundice,
Leptospira ballum
nephritis, hepatitis
 Caseous nodules in intestine,
Chronic emaciation with
Yersinia pseudotuberculosis mesenteric lymph nodes,
intermittent diarrhea
liver, spleen, and lungs
Pasteurella pseumotropica URI, Otitis,
and others Bronchopneumonia
Mycoplasma pulmonis
Mastitis
Strep
P pneumotropica
E coli
Cutaneous and cervical
abscess
Actinomyces bovis
Staphylococcus aureus
Streptococcus
Pasteurella pneumotropica

Parasites
Ectopic Mites (Acariasis)

Demodex criceti
aurati
burrows in stratum
Notoedres notoedres
corneum
Notoedres cati
Ornithonyssus bacoti and
sylvarium

Myiasis

Wohlfahrtia vigil
Sarcophaga haemorrhoidalis
Musca domestica

Endoparasites

Spironucleus muris intestinal flagellate incidental finding

Cryptosporidium
Giardia misocricetus
chronic lesions- thickening of
Giardia muris mostly asymptomatic
SI cecum and colon

Encephalitozoon
Microscporidia
cuniculi
Nematodes
Pinworms Syphacia criceti
S mesocriceti
S obvelata more common
S muris
 Trichosomoides nasalis
Tapeworms
Cysticercus fasciolaris (Taenia taeniaformis) dogs and cats
Rodentolepis microstoma Lower small intestine
Nana Lower small intestine
Hymenolepis diminuta upper small intestine

Nutritional and
Metabolic
Disorders
Prosencephalon:
Spontaneous Hemorrhagic
Symmetrical, subependymal, intraventricular strain related variations to
Necrosis (SHN) of the CNS of Stillborn or weak Vitamin E related/ deficiency
vascular degeneration, with hemorrhage susceptibility
fetal hamsters
edema and hemorrhage
Weight loss, glucose
Recessive in Chinese intolerance, hyperglycemia,
Diabetes Mellitus
hamsters polyuria, polydypsia,
hypoinsulinemia, ketonuria

Environmental
Genetic and
Other Disorders
degeneration and atrophy of necrosis and ulceration
Wood shavings-
Bedding-associated Dermatitis the digits, with granulomatous with foreign body DDX: trauma and cannibalism
footpads
inflammation dermatitis
Malocclusion
Congenital/ Hereditary No obvious changes in doming of the calvaria was stenosis of cerebral
Hydrocephalus behavior absent aqueduct
Periodontal Disease
Pugilism Females are aggressive Chinese hamsters
Cannibalism
Low temps, short days, high temps, low water
Inconsistent and
Hibernation and Estivation solitude, nesting material, may stimulate
permissive
inadequate food stores estivation

Age related
disorders
Gross: Pale granular variable degeneration of tubules
Hamster Glomerulopathy may be concurrent
with irregular cortical Histo: Thickening of BM with and minimal inflammatory
(arteriolar Nephrosclerosis)- amyloid in advanced
depressions; radiating eosinophilic material response, proteinaceous casts,
young animals lesions
cortical scarring fibrinoid change in vessels
Gross: pale, irregular
Hamster female protein Histo: Amyloid in glomeruli, tubular
Amyloidosis (older animals) Females > Males granular capsule, livers
similar to Amyloid P BM, portal triads, intestine
are swollen
 focla to diffuse myocardial
bilateral ventricle
often associated with degeneration; medial
Atrial Thrombosis Left auricle and atrium hypertrophy is
amyloidosis degeneration and calcification of
common
coronary arteries
Cysts are thin walled
pressure atrophy of hepatic cords,
containing clear straw
Polycystic Disease (polycystic Multiple Hepatic cysts in epididymis, seminal vesicles, hemosiderin, proliferation of bile
colored fluid lined by
Liver Disease) older hamsters pancreas, endometrium ducts, periportal lymphocytic
flattened to cuboidal
infiltration
epothelium
spontaneous, uniform
nodular hepatocellular
Bile Ductular Hyperplasia/ nodularity, periportal
degeneration, necrosis, and
Hepatic cirrhosis fibrosis, bile duct
mixed leukocyte infiltration
proliferation
Alveolar Histiocytosis
Fibrinoid degeneration of
arterioles

Neoplasia

spontaneous tumors are

Polyoma virus or
Lymphoma Multicentric, thymus, lymph
spontaneous
nodes, spleen, liver
Cutaneous Lymphoma
epidermotropic
resmbling mycosis fungioides
Adrenocortical adenomas
 Gerbils
Virus
degenerative lesions in
pancreas and focal
Reovirus type 3
necrotic lesions in the
CNS
Bacterial Infections
Ileum and cecum,
focal Peyer's patch necrosis,
Multifocal periportal necrosis necrosis and
lymph node mecrosis, myocardial diffuse suppurative DDX: Cl. Difficile,
Tyzzer's Disease Clostridium piliforme in liver with neutrophils and sloughing, blunting,
necrosis with myofiber collapse, encephalitis salmonella
macrophages/ Focal fibrosis edema, neutrophils
and leukocyte infiltration
and macrophages,
Antibiotic associated following Amoxycillin and
Clostridium difficile
enterocolitis Metronidazole
bloody diarrhea, thickening of
Citrobacter rodentium goblet cell hyperplasia
the colon and rectum
Salmonella typhimurium diarrhea, dehydration high mortality
testicular enlargement, focal
hepatitis, splenic necrosis, pyogranulomatous
Group D
suppurative orchitis, leptomeningitis
interstitial pneumonia
Histo- suppurative
gross- moist dermatitis of
dermatitis with
Staphylococcal dermatitis Staph aureus face, nose, feet, legs, ventral
acanthosis and
abdomen
hyperkeratosis
porphyrin containing
lacrymal secretions
Nasal Dermatitis S Aureus and S xylosus dermatitis and alopecia have been an may become ulcerative
important contributing
factor
older animals are
resistant, younger
Bordetella bronchiseptica
animals can have
severe mortality
Ciliary Associated Respiratory
asymptomatic
Bacillus
Acute didsease-
hemolytic anemia,
Chronic- Renal interstitial
Leptospirosis icterus, centrilobular not natural infection
fibrosis, inflammation, cysts,
liver necrosis, necrosis
of renal tubules
chronic gastritis, gastric
ulcers, gastrointestinal
Helicobacter pylori
metaplasia, gastric
adenocarcinoma
Parasitic Diseases
Demodex
Giardia Upper small intestine
Dentostomella
Pinworms no clinical problems
translucida
Tapeworms Rodentolepis nana
Genetic Disease
 twitching of vibrissae and
pinnae, motor arrest,
no histopathologic
Epilepsy myoclonic jerks, clonic-tonic
lesions
siezures, vestibular
alterations
Periodontal disease and
dental caries
Malocclusion
Behavioral disease
Toxic and Metabolic
Disorders
Direct neuromuscular
Streptomycin Toxicity blocking by inhibition of
acetylcholine release
Chronic progressive
nephropathy with acid microcytic
Lipofuscin pigment granules DDX: Age related
fast intrnuclear hypochromic anemia
Lead Toxicity in hepatocytes and Kupffer glomerulonephropathy, and
inclusions in renal with basophilic
cells erythrocytic basophilic stippling
proximal tubular stippling
epithelium
Amyloidosis filariid worm liver, spleen, lymph nodes
reduced glucose
tolerance, elevated
insulin, and hyperplastic
Obesity and diabetes
or degenerative
changes in the
endocrine pancreas

elevated serum
plaquesof intimal and medial
triglycerides, enlarged
ground substance with
Hyperadrenocorticism/Cardiov pancreatic islets. Fatty focal myocardial necrosis and
only bred animala mineralization of the aorta
ascular disease livers, thymic fibrosis
and mesenteric, renal, and
involution,
peripheral arteries
pheochromocytoma
Age related disease
Focal myocardial
necrosis and fibrosis
degeneration

glomerular
hypercellularity,
thickening of glomerular
basement membranes,
Chronic glomerulopathy tubular degeneration
with dilatation and cast
formation, mononuclear
cell interstitial
inflammation

Keratinized epithelium displaces tympanum into

arising from outer moddle ear with compression head tilt and keratin
Aural cholesteatoma tympanic membrane and secondary inflammation plugs in external ear
and external auditoryt resulting on destruction of canal
canal temporal bone and iner ear
 ovulation and corpus
Cystic ovaries luteum formation
continue
protrusion of the
nictitating membrane
Ocular proptosis
and conjunctiva with
bulbar proptosis
Neoplasms
Mongolian gerbils Ovarian
Adrenocortical
cutaneous
Granulosa cell tumors
Dysgerminoma
luteal cell tumors
leiomyomas
thecal cell carcinoma
Marking gland
males, ventral marking glands
adenocarcinoma
Squamous cell
Other species
carcinoma
thymoma
Hodgkin-like lymphoma
Uterine
adenocarcinoma
adrenocortical tumors
primary ovarian tumors
Helicobacter pylori Gastric carcinoma
 Guinea Pigs
finely granular
cytoplasmic inclusions
Kurloff cells found in spleen and NK counterpart
bone marrow and
thymus
Pulmonary arterial medial
normal
thickening
Adventitial lymphocytes in
normal
pulmonary vesels
lamellar bone with varying
Osseous metaplasia in lungs not significant
degrees of calcification
degenerate thymocytes
Thymus near Hassals
corpuscles
incidental degenerative
condition and pale pink poorly delineated
Cardiac glycogenosis
congenital tissue foci or streaks mostly in left
(Rhabdomyomatosis)
malformation with ventricle
blastemoid features
DNA Viral Infections
Non-enveloped
Adenovirus
necrotizing bronchitis
and bronchiolitis with
Intramuclear round DDX: Parainfluenza,
Low morbidity and consolidation of cranial lung desquamation of lingin
Adenoviral Pneumonia basophilic 7-15 um cytomegalovirus,
mortality lobes and hilus epithelial cells and
inclusions bacteria (bordatella)
leukocytic
inflammation with fibrin
Enveloped
Herpesvirus
Karyomegaly and
Ductal epithelial cells,
humans, primates, mice, rats, intranuclear and
Cytomegalovirus CMV group salivary glands, kidneys,
guinea pigs intracytoplasmic
liver, lung
inclusions
Guinea pig herpes-like virus
kidney cell cultures
(GPHLV)
focal hepatic necrosis and
Guniea Pig X virus (GPXV) isolated from leukocytes
mortality
Retrovirus
Cavian Leukemia Retrovirus Type C
RNA Viral Infections
lymphocytic infiltrates in the
Lymphocytic meninges, choroid plexi,
Arenavirus
Choriomeningitis (LCM) ependyma, and liver,
adrenals, lungs,
 Typical lesions and
Coronavirus-like Infection
disease
interstitial pneumonia
and alveolitis with
pulmonary congestion
Parainfluenza-3 (PI-3)
and hemorrhage,
relative sparing of
airways
Pneumonia virus of
Paramyxovirus
mice
Sendai virus
Murine
Picornavirus Encephalomyelitis Virus
strain GDVII
Murine Poliovirus Lameness
Bacterial Infections
Enteric Infection
cecum atonic and dilated hyperplasia of the
Antibiotic Associated
with fluid and gas, mucosa with
Dysbacteriosis (antibiotic Clostridial disease Clostridium difficile enterotoxin recovered
mucosa is hemorrhagic mononuclear cell
toxicity)
and edematous infiltration on the LP
Spontaneous Clostridial Clostridium perfringens
necrosis of epithelium
Enterotyphlitis Type A
Clostridium piliforme
C difficile
necrotizing ileitis and
Tyzzer's Disease Clostridium piliforme organisms in enterocytes typhlitis, frequently
transmural
Adenomatous Intestinal intracellular bacteria in
Lawsonia intracellularis
Hyperplasia enterocytes
multifocal pale foci in liver necrotizing fibrinous granulomatous hepatitis,
Salmonella typhimurium
and spleen enteritis, colitis splenitis, lymphadenitis
enteritidis
subacute to chronic:
acute form: miliary cream-
miliary caseous
Yersinia colored nodules in the
Pseudotuberculosis nodules in mesenteric
pseudotuberculosis intestine wall in ileum and
lymph nodes and
cecum
spleen, liver and lung
Respiratory Infection
pleuritis, typanitis, chronic
mucopurulent or
suppurative
catarrhal exudate in
Bordetella bronchiseptica bronchopneumonia,
nares, nasal passages,
heterophilic, obliteration of
and trachea
normal architecture
red conjunctiva, purulent
Chlamydophila caviae
Guinea pig Inclusion exudate, sloughed
(formerly Chlamydia
Conjunctivitis epithelium, intracytoplasmic
psittaci)
inclusioins and bacteria
 pneumonia, pleuritis,
Citrobacter fruendii
enteritis
septicemia, necrotizing
bronchopneumonia,
Klebsiella pleuritis, pericarditis,
peritonitis, splenic
hyperplasia
Pulmonary
Pseudomonas aeruginosa sulfur granules
botryomycosis
cervical lymphadenitis,
Streptobacillus moniliformis pyogranulomatous
bronchopneumonia
Ulcerative plantar surface is amyolid in the spleen,
secondary to trauma, poor
Staphylococcus pododermatitis swollen and painful liver, adrenals and islets
sanitation
(bumblefoot) with necrosis in rare cases
erythema, hairloss,
epidermal cleavage,
Staphylococcus dermatitis scabs, ventral abdomen
parakeratosis
and extrematies
cervical lymph nodes,
retrobulbar abscess, otitis
abrasions in oral
Streptococcus zooepidemicus group C suppurative lymphadenitis media,
mucosa
bronchopneumonia,
pericarditis
fibrinopurulent
Diplococcal (pneumococcal) no toxins, just resistant to bronchopneumonia with ddx: Strep,
S. pneumoniae pleuritis, pericarditis,
infection phagocytosis fibrin Bordetella,
peritonitis
Bacterial Syndromes
Otitis media S pneumonia
S zooepidemicus
Bordetella
Pseudomonas
Bacterial Mastitis E coli
Klebsiella
Strep zooepidemicus
Bacterial Conjunctivitis Chlamydia
Strep zooepidemicus
Staph aureus
Pasteurella multocida
Mycotic infections
scaly pruritic, alopecia,
Trichophyton hyperkeratosis, epidermal
Dermatophytosis
mentagrophytes hyperplasia, pustules,
folliculitis, arthrospores
Microsporum canis
Parasitic Diseases
Ectoparasites
 ortho and parakeratosis,
heterophils, eosinophils,
inner thighs, neck , flaccid paralysis,
Acariasis Trixacarus caviae Sarcoptic mange
shoulders, abdomen epidermal hyperplasia,
stratum corneum contains
mites and eggs
Demodex caviae
pruritis, rough hair
Pediculosis (lice) Gliricola porcelli Large biting lice
coat, alopecia
Gyropus ovalis
Endoparasite
hyperplasia of crypt
epithelium, edema of
thin, potbellied, fecal
lamina propria, necrosis
Protozoa Cryptosporidium wrairi juveniles staining, jejunum,
and sloughing of
ileum, cecum
enterocytes, villous
atrophy

colonic hyperplasia,
intestine contains fluid, ddx: Crypto,
sloughing of micro and
Eimeria caviae mucosa is congested, clostridium,
enterocytes, PMNS macrogametocytes
edematous, with petechia dysbacteriosis
and mononuclear cells

schizogony in
Gametogeny occurs in
endothelium of
epithelium of Loops of oocysts are ingested
glomerular capillaries--
Klossiella cobayae renal coccidiosis Henle--> sporulated and invade intestinal
> rupture -->
occysts are released in capillaries--> kidneys
schgizogony repeated
urine
in tubular epithelium

Encephalitozoon
granulomatous encephalitis,
cuniculi
interstitial nephritis
(microsporidiosis)
hepatitis, pneumonia,
Toxoplasma asymptomatic myocardial cysts, CNS
cysts
larval migrans- cerebral
malacia, eosinophilic
Helminth Baylisascaris procyonis
granulomatous inflammation
with nematode larvae
cecal worms up to 25 mm in
Paraspidodera uncinata length, also located in colonic asymptomatic
mucosa
Nutritional, Metabolic and
others
deficient in L-gulonolactone primates, guinea pigs, required for formation of
oxidase (converts L- indian fruit bat, some hydroxyproline and
Scurvey Hypovitaminosis C
gulonolacotne to L-ascorbic birds, some fish, and hydroxylysine in collagen
acid) cetaceans molecules

Necrotizing myopathy
Nutritional muscular dystrophy
Myocardial and Skeletal
Muscle Degeneration with
mineralization
Lesions: Persistent
primary spongiosa
C is required for (retained cartilage cores),
deficient in interstitial and
cholesterol to bile acid and reduced osteoid
osteoid production
formation production. Calcified
cartilgae is susceptible to
microfractures
increased capillary
fragility
enlargemnet of costochondral
junction with hemorrhage;
proliferation of poorly widening of intercellular
differentiated fusiform spaces between
mesencgymal cells in endothelial cells, vacuolar
periosteal regions and degeneration and
periarticular
medullary cavity;; aggregates depletion of
hemorrhage
of eosinphilic mateiral subendothelial
interspersed between the collagenous tissue//
mesenchymal cells; dental Increased pro-thrombin
anomalies- fibrosis of pulp time
and derangement of
odontoblasts
increased susceptibility to
hemosiderin laden streptococcus
macrophages in pneumoniae (impaired
lamina propria of macrophage migration
intestine and heterophil
phagocytosis)
idiopathic necrosis with
DDX: nutritonal muscular
leukocyte infiltration,
dystrophy, spontaneous
loss of cross striations,
muscular mineralization with
and mononuclear cell
degeneration
infiltrate
pallor of affected muscles,
multinucleated muscle
coagulative necrosis and
fibers may be present
hyalinization of myofibers,
in regenerating testicular degeneration is
Vit E/ Se deficiency fragmentation of sarcoplasm,
myofibers, a later development
increased basophilia of
mineralization is not an
sarcoplasm, rowing of nuclei,
important feature
and regeneration
may be incidental
finding

Metastatic Calcification
Pregnancy Toxemia (Hepatic
lipidosis with ketosis)
Diabetes Mellitus
Alopecia
Malocclusion
Gastric dilatation and vovlulus
Cecal torsion
Intestinal hemosiderosis
Focal Hepatic necrosis
Chronic Idiopathic
Cholangiofibrosis
Liver contusions
Foreign body pneumonia
(Pneumoconiosis)
Adjuvant associated
injections with Freunds
pulmonary granulomas
Behavior
Diseases of Aging
irregular pitted granular
Segmental Nephrosclerosis
Cystitis and urolithiasis
lung, trachea, heart, low magnesium and high
soft tissues around the aorta, liver, kidney, phosphorus(high Ca and
> 1 year old
elbows and ribs stomach, uterus, P diets interfere with Mg
sclera absorption)
Fasting or Metabolic lowblood glucose,
end of pregnancy
Form ketosis, hyperlipidemia
acidosis, ketosis, proteinuria, placental necrosis,
ketonuria, low urine pH uteroplacental
hemorrhage, ketosis, and
Circulatory or Toxic (acidosis) ischemia due to
death, periportal liver
form (preecclampsia) compression of the
necrosis, leukocyte,
aorta
nephrosis,
vacuolation of and
infectious agent degranulation of islet Beta
unidentified cells with fatty infiltration of
the exocrine cells
ddx: barbering,
advanced pregnancy
back and rump pediculosis,
and lactation
dermatophyte
molar and premolars genetics and fluorosis
lamina propria
Subcapsular considered terminal ddx: Tyzzer's
Periportal fibrosis,
hepatocyte
degeneration and
interstitial fibrosis,
proliferation of
cholangioles
traumatic fractures
aspirated food or granulomatous bronchiolitis,
bedding or pneumonia
ddx: perivascular
Subcutaneous
Lung: multifocal lymphoid nodules,
granulomatous inflammation pneumoconiosis, focal
adjuvant
pneumonia
ear chewing and hair
pulling
pale linear streaks extend interstitial fibrosis,
interstitial lymhpocytes
cortices down into the cortex tubular dilatation
thick bladder mucosa,
congestion intraluminal
Fecal contaminants
hemorrhage, mononuclear
such as E coli
leukocytes, fibroblast
proliferation, urinary calculi
 rete ovarii- large fluid
cystic endometrial
filled cysts on the
hyperplasia, mucometra,
Ovarian cysts surface (cysts are
endometritis,
continous with follicles
fibroleiomyomas
and mesovarium)
large areas of adipose
Fatty infiltration of pancreas tissue between normal
panreatic acini
Neoplasia'
serum factor (Asparaginase)
has anti tumor effects
Kurloff cells act as NK cells
Hematopoietic
gross- lymph node
Lymphoblastic cells in spleen.
enlargement (cervical,
Liver, BM, interstitium of lung,
axillary, mesenteric,
Cavian Leukemia thymus, alimentary tract, and
inguinal),
lymphoid tissue, heart, eyes,
Splenomegaly,
and adrenals
Hepatomegaly,
Reproductive tract
Ovary Ovarian teratoma
Granulosa cell tumors
Uterus (benign) Uterine leiomyoma
Uterine fibroma
Uterus (malignant) Uterine myxosarcoma
Uterine leiomyosarcoma
adenocarcinoma, ductal
Mammary
origin
Malignant mixed
mammary tumor
Adenoma
Respiratory tract
Benign Papillary Adenoma bronchogenic origin
Nasal Adenocarcinoma
Tumors of the skin
Trichoepithelioms
Papillomas
Sebaceous adenoma
Penile papillomas
Lipoma
Fibrosarcoma
Fibroma
Carcinoma
Endocrine and
Cardiovascular
 adrenocrotical adenoma
Insulinoma neurologic signs
well differentiated
Benign mixed tumors
mesenchymal
(myxoma) of the
components like bone
Cardiovascular system
cartilage and fat
congenital condition
characterized by
Rhabdomyomatosis vacuolation of
myofibers and glycogen
deposition
Other tumors
bile duct tumors
undifferentiated carcinoma
Lipoma
fibrosarcoma
histiocytic lymphosarcoma
 Rabbits
Order
Cecotrophy- re ingestion of
mucous coated "night feces"-
high in protein and Vitamin B
complex
Calcium is absorbed in Urine may be pigmented due
Urine contains Calcium
proportion to diet and is
carbonate crystals and triple
Phosphate crystals
Hemoendothelial placentation,
receiving antibodies through
placenta
Bones are fragile, and light
comared to muscle mass
Lab Rabbits
2 rows of upper incisors, one
descended from the Birthing is called
Lagomorpha right behind the other in the induced ovulators
European Orytolagus Kindling
upper jaw
cuniculus
the adjacent cecum
has around patch of
Erythrocytes 6.5-7.5 lymhpoid tissue called
Sacculus rotundus- spherical the length of the
um, heterophils (9-15 the cecal tonsil
thickwalled enlargement at Appendix is the tip of the cecum duodenum has
um) with acidophilic (lymphocytes and
the ileocecal junction Brunners glands
granules macrophages in the
lamina propria and
submucosa
Hematuria may be
caused by
adenocarcinoma,
to dietary porphyrins, uterine polyps,
excreted in the urine elevated urobilin (all non- episodic bleeding from
rather than bile pathologic) endometrial venous
aneurysms, cystitis, or
polyps
duplex uterus with 2
hors and 2 cervixes
Right chambers of heart
are thin walled and may
contain post mortem
clots with no contraction

DNA Viral Infections

Non-enveloped
Adenovirus
Virus was isolated form the
associated with
intestinal wall and GI
Adenoviral enteritis significant increases in
contents, spleen, kidney, and
E coli
lung
Enveloped
Papillomavirus
Benign in cottontails
(Sylvilagus), but causes
Papillomas with
progression to
Rabbit (Shope) Papillomatosis Squamous cell frequently on eyes and ears
Carcinoma in
Oryctolagus rabbits (but
no infectious virus is
produced)
 pedunculated masses on the
Rabbit oral papilloma Basophilic intranuclear
Oral Papillomatosis ventral aspect of the tongue
virus inclusions
and regress spontaneously
Poxvirus
South american type
hypertrophy and
Proliferation of large stellate and Californian type
proliferation of intracytoplasmic inclusions in the
Leporipoxvirus mesenchymal cells (myxoma that causes lethal
endothelial cells , and affected epidermis only (not
Myxomatosis (Leporipox) (indistinguishable from cells) interspersed within a disease of
epithelium becomes mesenchyme) and conjunctiva;
vaccinia) homogenous matrix of myxomatosis in
hyperplastic or Insect transmitted
mucoid material European rabbit
degenerative
(Orytolagus)
transmissibel to
related to Myxomaytosis
Rabbit (Shope) fibromatosis benign self limiting disease in European Rabbits ??Inclusions in the epithelium and
and Hare and Squirrel
(leporipox) wildlife (Orytolagus) and mesenchyme??
Fibroma viruses
cottontails
Papules on skin with
Pockless form, hepatic
necrosis and
necrosis, pleuritis,
Rabbit Pox hemorrhage,
splenomegaly, lymphoid
oropharynx, respiratory
necrosis
tract, spleen, liver
Polyoma virus
Legs and feet- Visceral
intranuclear inclusions metastasis in young animals,
Rabbit kidney vacuolating
in the renal tubular fibroblast proliferation with
virus
epithelium mononuclear and PMN
infiltration
Parvovirus
transient depression
Lapine Parvovirus and anorexia with no
mortality
Herpesvirus
Lymphoproliferative
Leporid Herpesvirus 1 disease, lymphoid
Epstein Barr virus analog
(Herpes Sylvilagus) hyperplasia to
lymphosarcoma
Non-suppurative
meningoencephalitis with
Experimental model for
necrosis of neurons and
Herpes Simplex herpes simplex
prominent intrnuclear
encephalitis
inclusion bodies in neurons
and astroglial cells
necrosis in spleen, dermis,
Hemorrhage, lungs, adrenald, Intranculear
Herpes-like viral infections
hydropericardium eosinophilic to amphophilic
inclusions
RNA Viral Infections
Calicivirus
 necrosis of
hepatocytes with
bloody nasal discharge,
hepatic dissociation,
pulmonary hemorrhage and
crypt necrosis,
DIC thought to play edema, hepatomegaly,
Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease pulmonary edema, Fatal to Orytolagus, not Sylvilagus
arole splenomegaly, perirenal
hemorrhage, necrosis
hemorrhage, serosal
of lymphocytes,
ecchymoses
erythrophagocytosis in
spleen
Coronavirus
small and large
intesitne, enterocyte
Coronaviral enteritis necrosis, villous
blunting, mucosal
edema, inflammation
lymphoid depletion of
spleninc follicles, focal
myocardial
Pleural effusion disease and degenerative changes in the
Not a natural pathogen degeneration and
Cardiomyopathy thymus, and lymph nodes,
necrosis
proliferative changes in
glomerular tufts and uveitis
Rotavirus
similar lesions to
Rotaviral enteritis
coronavirus
Miscellaneous
Upper respiratory tract
Sendai virus following intestinal
innoculation
Rabies racoon variant rabies
Bacterial Infections
Respiratory Bacterial
Infections

Bronchopneumonia- cranioventral
Snuffles, atrophic to acute necrotizing fibrinopurulent
pyometra, salpingitis,
rhinitis, otitis media, Suppurative otitis bronchopneumonia; chronic
chronic rhinitis- catarrhal to perioophoritis,
Pasteurella multocida conjunctivitis, media, with squamous bronchitis with peribronchial
mucopurulent exudate, necrotizing metritis//
Serotype A and sometimes D bronchopneumonia, metaplasia of tympanic lymphocytic inflammation,
turbinate atrophy Acute septicemia,
abscessation, genital bulla lining alveolitis with heterophils
meningoencephalitis
infections, abortions, predominating, multinucleated
giant cells, pleuritis

Bordatella bronchiseptica
Cilia-Associated Respiratry
Bacillus
Enteritis Complex
suppurative
peribronchial and
bronchopneumonia and
perivascular cuffing
interstitial pneumonia
Asymptomatic usually lymphoid hyperplasia
 5-12 week old rabbits Multi-factorial
Rotavirus
Coronavirus
typical findings for all:
submucosal edema,
Clostridium perfringens Type E Iota toxin hemorrhage, ulceration
and fibrinous exudate-
necrotizing typhlitis
difficile
disruption of normal damage to enterocytes, profuse
spiroforme most common
gut flora predisposes diarrhea, dehydration and death
serosal ecchymoses, edema Small and large
of the walls of the cecum and intestine: Rods and
Enteropathogenic colon, edematous mesenteric cocci lining the villi, villi
E coli strains (attaching and lymph nodes, prominent often blunted, lamina
effacing) lymphoid tissues in Peyer's propria is edematous
patches and sacculus and infiltrated by
rotundus heterophils

sloughing of enterocytes,
vasculitis, edema, heterophils-
Hemolytic uremic syndrome-
cecal and colonic
Enterohemorrhagic fibrinous vasculitis in interlobular
o153, o145 edema, serosal
Strains (EHEC) blood vessels, swelling of
hemorrhage
glomerular tufts with leukocytic
infiltration, glomeruli had swelling
and fibrin deposition in capillaries
histiocytes with
Suppurative and erosive to
abundant granular
proliferative with hyperplasia
Proloiferative enteritis/ cytoplasm and MNGC. Silver and PAS stains show
Lawsonia of enterocytes lining crypts
histiocytic enteritis PAS positive granular apically located epithelial bacteria
and villi with mononuclear
material (degrading
infiltration
bacteria)
Salmonella
Vibrio
Coccidia
thickened and edematous,
Clostridium piliforme (Tyzzer's serosa- fibrin on cecum multifocal necrosis in liver intracytoplasmic
DDX: listeriosis and staph (liver)
Disease) and colon and myocardium, transmural bacteria
necrosis in cecum and colon
rarely associated with
Klossiella pneumoniae disease, normal hemorrhagic enterotyphlitis
inhabitant
S typhimurium and
Salmonella
enteritidis
Vibrio
 Synonyms: mucoid teeth grinding, cecal
Stomach distended
Mucoid enteropathy enteritis, bloat, impaction, gelatinous mucus
with fluid and gas.
hypoamylasemia in colon
Other Bacteria
straw colored fluid in the
acute fatal disease, Newborns may
abdominal cavity. Miliary pale foci
focal hepatitis, ascites, death typically is in advanced develop systemic
Listeriosis of suppurative hepatitis in liver.
enlarged mesenteric pregnancy listeriosis, stunting,
Placenta is thickened with friable
lymph nodes meningoencephalitis
surface
skin, mammary gland, genital
Chronic suppurative tract, conjunctiva, footpads, ddx: Pasteurella,
Staphylococcus aureus
lesions upper and lower respiratory Listeria, and Tyzzers
tract.
suckling kits, multifocal
suppurative lesions in the
Acute septicemic form
skin, lung, kidney, spleen,
heart, liver
ddx: Staph,
Mastitis swollen, red Pasteurella,
Streptococci
mucopurulent rhinitis and
Respiratory localized bronchopneumonia
and abscesses
Pododermatitis sore hocks
Syphilitic lesions progress to
edema, erythema, ulceration and crusting;
vulva, prepuce, anal, muzzle, papules at Microscopically- hyperplasia of
Treponema paraluiscuniculi Venereal spirotrichosis
periorbital mucocutaneous epidermis, necrosis of epithelium,
junctions erosions, ulcerations, plasma
cells, macrophages, heterophils,
Helicobacter unknown significance
focal caseation necrosis
of liver spleen, cecum,
Yersinia pseudotuberculosis
LN and reproductive
tract
dermatitis secondary to moist
lesions are suppurative
skin, in dewlaps, excessive
Necrobacillosis Schmorls Disease with erosion and
environmental moisture,
ulceration
malocclusion, panting
Streptococcal septicemia young rabbits
Diplococcal
Corynebacterium
pyogenes cause
ulcerative skin lesions
Mycotic Infections
 hyperkeratosis,
epidermal hyperplasia,
Trichophyton head and ears, paws, folliculitis, DDX: idiopathic molts during nest
Dermatophytosis
metagrophytes alopecia, crusting raised mononuclear and building, Barbering
polymorphonuclear
cells
pulmonary granulomas,
well circumscribed,
Aspergillus
central coagulation
necrosis
Pulmonary edema,
congestion of alveolar
vessels, thickening and
Pneumocystis carinii
hypercellularity of
septaw, mononuclear
and PMNS
Parasitic Diseases
Ingested sporulated Sexual life cycle causes
oocysts release destruction of enterocytes and
sporozoites invade cells of the lamina propria.
Eimeria intestinalis, Eimeria
Coccidia Intestinal enterocytes and Cecotrophy does not infect
flavescens,
multiply (Shizonts) --> because the oocyst require
Gametogeny --> sporulation at room temp
Oocysts overnight

Sporozoites invade Histo: Periportal

duodenal mucosa and fibrosis, dilation of
spread systemically, bile ducts, mixed
migrate to liver via Liver: raised linear bosselated inflammation,
mononuclear cells and areas, yellow to grey hyperplasia of bile
Heaptic Eimeria steidae invade bile duct circumcsribed areas, gall bladder epithelium with
epitheliium where thickened and contains flocculent papillary projections
schizogony begins--> material lined by reactive
gametogeny--> epithelial cells
oocysts released in to overlying collagenous
bile ducts tissue stroma

Spores shed in urine,

Usually subclinical in transplacental infection can occur,
"infectious motor paralysis"
Obligate intracellular rabbits, and renal oral or respiratory transmission is
Encephalitozoon cuniculi can infect mice, guinea pig,
microsporidian parasite lesions are incidental common. Spores travel via
ssquirrel monkey, cat, dog
findings monocytes hematogenously,
targets are lung, liver, kidney

Kidney: Focal irregular 1.5 x 2-5 um spores in

In chronic renal lesions there is
depressed areas- Lung, liver, CNS also epithelial cells,
fibrosis and collapse of the
Granulomatous granulomatous lesipons macrophages, or free
parenchyma
nephritis in the interstitium
Phacoclastic uveitis and
cataracts
Cryptosporidium cuniculus usually asymptomatic occasional bluning of villi
may have multiple foci of
necrosis and granulomatous
Toxoplasma gondii clinical disease is rare
inflammation in lung, liver and
spleen
Pinworm Passalurus ambiguus adults in cecum
Gross- Raised white Histo: Pyogranulomas/
nodules in eosinophilic granulomas; In CNS Nematode larvae
torticoolis, ataxia, circling, subepicardial and lesions are in the grey and white have excretory
Bylisascaris procyonis cerebrospinal disease
opisthotonus subendocardial matter. Mostly in the brain stem columns and lateral
locations and liver and cerebellum. Malacia, alae
serosa astrogliosis, gitter cells
Nematodirus
Trichostrongylus
Multiple or single white
noduels, necrotic
Taenia pisiformis
centers with
(Cysticercus)
inflammation and
fibrosis
Proliferative and
Obligate non burrowing
Psoroptes cuniclui hyperkeratotic otitis externa
mites
with euxdation mostly oily
Dorsal trunk, scapula,
Cheyletiella parasitovorax
ventral abdomen
(Parakeratotic)
hyperkeratosis, seborrhea
Burrowing mites in the pruritis and self
Sarcoptes scabei and hair loss, face, nose, lips,
superficial epidermis mutilation is common
feet, abdomen, external
genitalia
Notoedres cati
Listrophorus gibbus
Aging and Miscellaneous
patchy alopecia on face
Boredom and low roughage
Hair Chewing (Barbering) and back, young group
diets have been implicated
housed rabbits
Urine scalding of the
perineum- hyperemic
Hatch Burn
and excoriated with
serous exudate
Physical injury
histo- Hyperkeratosis,
non-pruritic scaling interface dermatitis and One case was
Exfoliative Dermatosis and
dermatitis with patchy folliculitis, reduced associated with a
Sebaceous adenitis
coalescing alopecia sebaceous glands and thymoma
perifollicular fibrosis
 circumscribed ulcerative
Poor sanitation, trauma, and staphylococcus is most
Ulcerative Pododermatitis area covered by
wire cages are implicated frequently implicated
granulation tissues
may be due to laxity in
Prolapse of the deep gland of
the supporting
the third eyelid
connective tissues
Site is usually lumbosacral L7
can lead to
Vertebral fracture with hemorrhage around the
incontinence
psoas muscles
Tracheal injury following Erosive to ulcerative
intubation tracheitis
Insufficient dietary
predisposing factors include roughage, poor gastric
Gastric Trichobezoar
incidental findings excessive grooming and hair motility, and sedentary
(Hairball)
chewing due to boredom lifestyle are more
important
Marked muscular
hypertrophy with
Gastic Pyloric Hypertrophy
interference with gastric
emptying
usually asymptomatic,
Marked plasma cell
frequently in animals used for
Intestinal Plasmacytosis infiltration in the
antibody production and
intestinal tract
cholesterol studies
Attributed to ischemia
Cardiomyopathy associated Multifocal myocardial
secondary to vasoconstriction
with Ketamine/Xylazine/ degeneration with
with reduced coronary blood
detomidine interstitial fibrosis
flow
Metastatic
Chronic Renal Failure mineralization of the
aorta
Renal Amyloidosis sparing of the gloeruli
Nutritional muscular neonatal mortality and pale mineralized
Vitamin E deficiency
dystrophy infertility streaks in muscle
Calcium and Vitamin D Osteomalacia,
deficiency overgrowth
Medial degeneration In long bones there is
and mineralization of depostion of basophilic
Hypervitaminosis D major arteries, material (osteoblasts) on the
glomerular tufts, tubular periosteal and endosteal
BM surfaces
Poor ceonception,
congenital Microencephaly,
Hypo or Hyper Vitaminosis A
abnormalities, fetal hydrocephalus, cleft palate
reabsorbtions
 Mobilization of fat Obesity, hereditary, imparied
deposits leads to blood flow, pituitary
Pregnancy toxemia
metabolic acidosis and dysfunction all predisposing
ketosis with fatty liver factores
Myocardial degeneration,
Anemia, tremors, and hepatic necrosis, renal
Lead Toxicosis
posterior ataxia tubular degeneration,
hemoglobin casts
Hereditary Disorders
Autosomal recessive,
Absence or
underdevelopment of
Congenital Glaucoma New Zealand White Enlargement of 1 or both
the outflow channels
(Buphthalmia) Rabbits eyes with corneal opacity
with incomplete
cleavage of the
iridocorneal angles
overgrowth of premolar and
Autosomal recessive,
molar teeth also occur (seen
Malocclusion the mandible is long in
in animals with diet deficient
relation to the maxilla
in calcium and vitamin D)
Persistent urogenital Blood filled endometrial
Endometrial Venous
bleeding, clotted blood varices consisting of dilated
Aneurysms
in uterus thin walled veins
Neoplasms
Most common
Nodular frequently
spontaneous neoplasm Cauliflower like surface Serosal implantation and
Uterine Adenocarcinoma multicentric enlargements of
in Oryctolagus and central ulcerations metastasis to the lung and liver
one or both uterine horns
cuniculus
Kidney and gastric
In cottontail has been Liver is enlarged, pale, and
Leukemia only mucosa most common
Lymphosarcoma associated with Herpesvirus swollen, spleen is large and lymph
occasionally occurs sites, confined to renal
sylvilagus nodes large
cortex
Stomach wall is thick
with irregular plaques
and mucosal ulceration
Aside from thymic
involvement there may
be variable lymphocytic
1 case of hypercalceima and
Thymoma infiltrates in the other
exfoliative dermatitis
organs like, lymph
nodes, liver, heart, and
lungs
Swelling of 1 or more
mammary glands with
Prolactin-producing Pituitary Dilated cystic ducts lined by
enlargement and
Adenomass with Associated flattened cuboidal epithelium
discoloration of the
Mammary Dysplasia with papillary projections
teats, thinning of
haircoat
Common Mice Strains
Common Diseases
Back ground strain,
C57BL/6 (B6) longevity
Hydrocephalus
Melanism- coat
color, heart valves,
Hippocampal neurodegeneration
splenic capsule ,
meninges
Microphthalmia
Anophthalmia
cochlear degeneration- age related
malocclusion
barbering- with alopecia and Staph
dermatitis
Pulmonary proteinosis- aged
epithelial hyalinosis
amyloidosis- late onset
lymphoma
hemangiosarcoma
pituitary adenoma
Albino,Pugilistic
BALB/ c or cBy males
Dystrophic epicardial mineralization
myocardial degeneration
auricular thrombosis
corneal opacities
conjunctivitis and blepharitis
periorbital abscesses
Hypocallosity (aplasia of corpus
callosum)
resistant to amyloidosis
normal hepatic lipidosis
lung adenomas
lymphoma
Harderian gland tumors
adrenal adenomas
Myoepitheliomas of salivary, preputial,
and other exocrine glands
Agouti, Blind (rd1
C3H/ He mutation)
corneal opacities
Hearing loss
focal myocardial and skeletal muscle
mineralization
myocardial degeneration
alopecia areata (HeJ)
Murine Mammary tumor virus- induced
mammary tumors
hepatocellular tumors
 Embryonic stem
cells; variation in Hypocallosity (aplasia of corpus
129 mice coat color and callosum)
behavior
Pulmonary proteinosis
epithelial hyalinosis
Megaesophagus
conjunctivitis and blepharitis
Testicular teratomas (embryonal
carcinomas)
lung tumors
Harderian gland tumors
Ovarian tumors
hemangiosarcoma
Swiss Mice, blind
FVB/ N (rd1)
Siezures
persistent mammary hyperplasia
adenoma of prolactin secreting cells of
anterior pituitary
lung tumors
pituitary adenoma
Harderian gland tumors
Liver tumors
lymphoma
pheochromocytoma
Outbred Swiss amyloidosis- late onset
Mice
retinal degeneration
lymphoma
Pulmonary adenoma
Liver tumors
pituitary adenoma
hemangiosarcoma