BMLT Introduction health profession which is concerned with the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of disease through the

use of clinical laboratory tests. These tests help doctors to detect, diagnose and treat diseases. A Medical Laboratory Technologist (MLT) do these tests by analyzing body fluids, tissues, blood typing, microorganism screening, chemical analyses, cell counts of human body etc. They play an important role in collecting the information's needed, sampling, testing, reporting and documentation of these investigations. They determine the presence, extent or absence of disease and provide data needed to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment. There are two levels of medical laboratory workers - Technicians and Technologists. Medical technologists work in five major areas of the laboratory ie, in Blood banking, Clinical Chemistry (chemical analysis of body fluids), Hematology (blood related), Immunology (study of immune system) and Microbiology (study of bacteria and other disease organisms). They also work in the areas of cytotechnology (study of human tissue), phlebotomy, urinalysis, coagulation, parasitology and serology. Phlebotomists draw and test blood where as Blood bank technologists determine correct blood types for transfusions. Histology technicians cut and stain tissue samples. Medical technologists have more training and job responsibilities. They perform complex tests such as microscopic examinations of tissues, blood and other body fluids to detect evidence of disease and detect the presence of bacteria, fungi, parasites etc and chemical tests to determine blood cholesterol levels. They also match blood samples for transfusions and test drug levels in blood to determine how patients are responding to medications. They are often responsible for making sure that testing is done accurately. In some labs, technologists conduct research under the supervision of medical researchers. Medical technicians do routine laboratory testing manually according to instructions. They work under Technologists or supervisors. Technicians may prepare specimens and operate machines that automatically analyze samples. In addition to running tests, technicians set up, clean, and maintain laboratory equipment, such as centrifuges, microscopes etc. They also prepare standard solutions for use in the lab. This involves measuring and mixing the correct amount of various chemicals. Some of the courses offered in Lab Technology are Bachelor of Medical Laboratory Technology (BMLT), Diploma in Medical Laboratory Technology (DMLT). BMLT course for Medical Lab Technologists is structured to train students in the clinical Laboratory analysis of blood, urine, feces, cerebrospinal fluid, synovial fluid, ascetic fluid etc to aid the doctors in arriving at a correct diagnosis and treatment of the disease. There are also Diploma / Certificate courses for lab technicians / assistants in general and in different specialties such as Diplomas in EEG Lab Technician, Histopathology Lab Technician etc.

The Medical Laboratory Technology Programs provides its graduates with numerous employment possibilities in laboratories throughout the country. Eligibility- The basic eligibility criteria for Bachelor of Medical Laboratory Technology (BMLT) is 10+2 or equivalent with Science subjects Job prospects and Work Area - The career of lab a worker depends on academic and technical skills. BMLT Colleges in Nepal
1. Institute of Medicine, Mahargunj, Kathmandu, Affiliate to TU 2. Chitwan School of Medicla Science, Chitwan,Affiliated to TU 3. Pokhara University School of Science & Technology Pokhara 4. Nobel College, Sinamangal, Kathmandu Affiliated to Pokhara University 5. Mordern Technical College, Satdobato Lalitpur, Affiliated to Pokhara University 6. BPKIHS, Dharan(autonomous)

B.PHARMACY
Introduction

INTRODUCTION- B. Pharmacy Pharmacy or Pharmacology is one of the main disciplines under Biomedical Science and the pharmaceutical industry. There are many disciplines within the Biomedical sciences. Pharmacy is related to health sciences. It is the profession responsible for the preparation, dispensing and appropriate use of medication and which provides services to achieve optimal therapeutic outcomes. A Pharmacists job is to prepare, mix, compound or dispense drugs and medicines, ointments, powder, pills, tablets and injections on the prescription of a medical practitioner, dentist or veterinarian. In detail, they are concerned with production of pharmaceutical products, development of the methods or processes of production and quality control. Those in research concern themselves with synthesis of new drugs (what is commonly referred to as molecules), new processes, clinical testing of the effects of such drugs on animals and humans, and obtaining the required License from the drug control

authorities. A pharmacist is required to explain the mode and precautions regarding the use of medicines dispensed in a hospital pharmacy, prepare special formulations normally not available in the market, assist the physician in rendering necessary information about various drugs, their contraindications, incompatibility etc. There are over 225 programs in Pharmacy conducted by different universities in world. The main courses in Pharmacy are the 3 years Diploma in Pharmacy (D.Pharm), 4 years Bachelor of Pharmacy (B.Pharm), 6years Pharm D,2 years Master of Pharmacy (M.Pharm) and Ph.d programmes. The admission announcement usually comes out in August to October (Nepal) & MayJuly(India). Eligibility & Course Areas The main courses in Pharmacy are the 3 years Diploma in Pharmacy (D.Pharm) 4 years Bachelor of Pharmacy (B.Pharm) 6 years Pharm D 2 years Master of Pharmacy (M.Pharm) Ph.d Programmes. Admission to the Diploma in Pharmacy (D.Pharm- SLC. Pass (Bachelor of Pharmacy or B.Pharm).- 10+2 with Physics, Chemistry, Maths (PCM) or Physics, Chemistry, Biology (PCB) or Physics, Chemistry, Maths & Biology (M Pharm)- specialization is available in Pharmaceutics, Pharmacognosy, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Biochemistry, Pharmaceutical Engineering etc. And after M.Pharm candidates can go for Ph.d programme in Pharmaceutics, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Marketing & Management. Some institutions conducts their own entrance test for the admission to B.pharm courses. Main entrance exams for the admissions to pharmacy courses are KU entrance exam, TU(IOM) entrance exam, Pokara University entrance Exam & Purbanchal University Entrance Exam. After obtaining a diploma or degree in pharmacy, and registering with the state Pharmacy Council, it is possible set up your own pharmacy or chemists and druggists shop to stock and sell medicines and dispense them according to doctors prescription. Personal Qualities : In order to be a successful pharmacist, one must have a liking for science particularly life sciences and medicine. An ability to put hard work, strong logical thinking, patience, a sense of responsibility, patient

counseling skills are some of the qualities needed for pharmacist. Strong analytical abilities and strong academic foundations are needed in the field of research. To be a successful medical representative, one needs to have good communication skills and a flair for convincing people, Retail pharmacists need to have business skills together with good product knowledge. B. Pharmacy Colleges In Nepal 1. Institute of Medicine Affiliated to TU 2. National Model College(NIST) Nayabazar Affiliated to TU 3. Sunnsari Technical College, Dharan Affiliated to TU 4. Janamaitri Campus, Kathmnadu Affiliated ti TU 5. Universal College of Medical Science, Bhairahawa, Affiliated to TU 6. Manamohan Memorial College , Health Science, Nakkhu Affiliated to TU 7. Chitwan School of Medical Science,Chitwan,affiliated to TU 8. Kathmandu University School of Science & Technology Dhulikhel 9. Pokhara University School of Science & Technology Pokhara 10. Crimson College of Technology, Butwal Affiliated to Pokhara University 11. CIST, New Baneshor Affiliated to Pokhara University 12. Hope International College, Satdobato, Affiliated to PU 13. Asian College of Health Science, Satdobato, Lalitpur, Affiliated to PU 14. Karnali College of Health Science, Ratopul, Kathmnadu, Affiliated to PU 15. Valley Technical College, Midbaneshor, Kathmandu, Affiliated to PU 16. Littele Buddha College of Health Science, Chabahil, Kathmandu, Affiliated to PU 17. Shree Medical & Technical College, Chitwan, Affiliated to PU
B.Pharmacy colleges in nepal
1. Institute Of Medicine , MAHARAJGUNJ , Affiliate to Tribhuvan University 2. Universal College of Medical Sciences , Paklihawa , Affiliate to Tribhuvan University 3. Chitwan Medical College , Bharatpur , Affiliate to Tribhuvan University 4. Sunsari Technical College , Dharan , Affiliate to Tribhuvan University 5. Manamohan Memorial Institute of Health Science , Banasthali , Affiliate to Tribhuvan University