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Masterplan, Design and Authoritys Requirement Ir. Abdul Aziz Abas P.Eng, C.Eng, Int.PE
PREFACE
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As a module of the Integrated Design Project course for the Bachelor of Civil Engineering programme, Faculty of Civil Engineering, UiTM, Shah Alam This program will provide basic overview of all aspects of Earthwork planning and design, guidelines, legislative and regulatory requirements
Feb 2010
PREFACE
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Benefit UNDERSTANDING the subject of Civil Engineering in wider perspective, inter-relation with other subjects influencing the performance of Engineering works and challenges. ACQUIRRING cutting edge practical design knowledge & skills that last forever in the world of ever-changing infrastructural engineering. DEVELOPING your engineering knowledge significantly and permanently. PROVIDING your dashing factor (distinguish factor) for better chance of employment upon graduation. EXPAND your employment versatility in an ever-changing marketplace. WINNING at the office and in daily job with the power of practical skill. ADVANCING your career as an Engineer. GAINING LEVERAGE by demonstrating knowledge of engineering in a multi-disciplinary context.
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1. Introduction
3. Preliminary Design
4. Detail Design
5. Authorities
6. Construction
Control of Earthworks
7. Post - Construction
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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5
INTRODUCTION
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INTRODUCTION
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Definition of Earthwork
Earthworks are engineering works created through the moving of massive quantities of soil or unformed rock.
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INTRODUCTION
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Typical earthworks include Platforms, roads, dams, dikes, cannal, bunding, and berms ("noise mounds").
Roadwork
Football field
Agriculture
Recreation
Tourism / Housing
Landscape
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INTRODUCTION
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Sinkhole
High tide
Slope Failure
8 Feb 2010
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To establish the overall earthworks for the viability of the project and to assist on planning of landuse, compliance with prevailing guidelines and laws.
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Objectives
Enhance Early Scoping Minimize Scope Changes Provide base platforms & Layout Plan Reduce Conflicts/ Disputes Costs Plan
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Coastal Development Influence by high & low tides
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High Land Development Influence by slopes risk Low risk, slopes < 25 deg 11 High risk, slopes > 25 deg
11 Feb 2010
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Controlled Earthwork
Centralised facility
Slopes turfed
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Uncontrolled Earthwork
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A. Clients Requirement Development Master Plan Terms Of Reference
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B. Authoritys Requirement Compliance to local council conditions & requirements (Development Order) Design Guidelines Statutory Requirement
2
14 Feb 2010 14
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Development Masterplan
Development Landuse determined by Masterplanner Engineer to advise on platform & drainage pattern and other aspects of engineering Engineer to balance cut & fill design (wherever possible) Engineer to minimise import earth Engineer to establish Term Of Reference Engineer to establish Specification Engineer to obtain approvals Engineer to supervise construction Commercial Existing Development
Ggreen / Forest
Institution
15
Industrial Residential
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Source: MSMA
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Preliminary Design
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PRELIMINARY DESIGN
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3
Approved Development Layout Masterplan Development Order Topographical Survey Highest Flood Level Soil Investigation Local Guidelines
PRELIMINARY DESIGN
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Architect or Town Planner / JPBD Local Council Land Surveyor DID Geotechnical Engineer Local Council / Authority / Agency
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PRELIMINARY DESIGN
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Site Reconnaissance
Mandatory site visit To confirm site location and development boundaries To familiarize with the site geographical condition To identify adjacent development, Access, etc. To observe & assess site constraints To have general idea of existing & future design system To gather information about flooding history
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PRELIMINARY DESIGN
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Low laying areas & issue Sg. Balok atFlooding Coastal Road Raise platform or bunding?
Tidal influence
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3
SOIL INVESTIGATION
To identify general sub-soil profile i.e. suitability
PRELIMINARY DESIGN
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Objectives
To provide detail picture of soil stratigraphy & geological settings i.e. extend of soft & hard underlayings, ground water
To obtaining representative geotechnical parameters of various sub-soil strata for engineering design i.e. N-Values
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Detail Design
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DETAIL DESIGN
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Integrate the design platform levels with existing developments. Design platform levels shall tie in with the roads. All Slope formations shall be kept within the plot boundaries. Achieve an almost balanced cut and fill volume within the development Establishing preliminary platform levels based on development scheme requirements, infrastructure and utilities.
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4
Design Criteria Study Project Layout (Development Plan)
DETAIL DESIGN
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Design Procedure
Study Project Survey Drawing In Conjunction With Dev Plan Propose Platform Levels Compute Volume of Cut & Fill Propose Retaining Structure
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DETAIL DESIGN
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Design Procedure
Design Criteria
Study Project Layout (Development Plan) Study Project Survey Drawing In Conjunction With Dev Plan Propose Platform Levels Compute Volume of Cut & Fill Propose Retaining Structure
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4
Clearing, grubbing, stripping top soil, cut & fill, compact, trimming, turfing, soil test for FGL Embankment in swamp or soft ground, Height 1.5m, cross-slopes 1V : 3H
DETAIL DESIGN
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Design Criteria
1 3
Gradient for fill slope, 1 : 2 1 2 Height of slopes, 3m intervals with toe, berm & intercepting drains Layers of 300mm intervals, compacted to 95% (Cohesive soil) or 100% (Cohesionless soil) of max Dry Density. Ref BS1377 4.5kg rammer method Toe
Inteceptor Berm 3m
3m
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4
All slopes closed turf
DETAIL DESIGN
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Design Criteria
Tg Gelang
Min Formation Platform Level, 1m above Highest Flood Level or EHW (Coastal)
Temporary drains to main drain shall pass Silt Trap (Sediment trap)
Wash Through before public road Temporary drains, design for 1 in 5 years, checked for 1 in 10 years Min 1 no Temporary Bench Mark established
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DETAIL DESIGN
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Design Criteria
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DETAIL DESIGN
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DETAIL DESIGN
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DETAIL DESIGN
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Design Procedure
Design Criteria
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DETAIL DESIGN
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4
Slopes direction
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Slopes direction
Swampy +2m to 3m
Potential high Ground for Water Supply Tank
Hilly 80m
Existing +5.5m
Slopes direction
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DETAIL DESIGN
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Design Procedure
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4
Slopes direction
DETAIL DESIGN
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Fill
Swampy +2m to 3m
Slopes direction
Cut
Hilly 80m
Existing +5.5m
Slopes direction
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DETAIL DESIGN
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Design Procedure
Design Criteria Study Project Layout (Development Plan) Study Project Survey Drawing In Conjunction With Dev Plan
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4
HFL Freeboard Drainage Gradient
DETAIL DESIGN
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Existing Platform Level at Project Site Varies from PL+5m to PL+9m Swampy and Low Lying Level at Upstream = PL+2m to PL3m
Max.
Freeboard = +1m
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DETAIL DESIGN
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Conceptual Platform
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DETAIL DESIGN
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DETAIL DESIGN
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DETAIL DESIGN
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DETAIL DESIGN
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Design Procedure
Design Criteria Study Project Layout (Development Plan) Study Project Survey Drawing In Conjunction With Dev Plan Propose Platform Levels
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4
Principle To obtain balance cut & Fill (If possible) Too much access cut material Difficult to dispose
DETAIL DESIGN
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Design Procedure
Too much fill material - Difficult to obtain borrow source & Cost
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Methods Grid System Method Large area or excavation Using area method calculation Land development Computer software triangulation interpolation (more accurate & ease of modeling) Require spot levels survey
DETAIL DESIGN
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Design Procedure
Cross-section Method Longitudinal strip profile Used for road, pipeline, drainage constructions Require strip survey
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4
1 A B C D E F 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
DETAIL DESIGN
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To obtain large area of excavation Square rectangular and levels at each cross-sections established Establish datum Calculate volume of existing ground Calculate volume of proposed platform Difference s constitute cut or fill volume
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DETAIL DESIGN
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Proposed Platform Levels Methodology Volume of Cut & Fill Average areas of column grids 1 & 2
1 A B C D E
X
10
11
X <> 10m to for accuracy (undulating areas) X = 5m gives accurate figures (undulating areas) X > 10m for flat areas X = 50m for large area / Masterplan purposes
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4
1 A
10 E 10 P C F P E E P C F P E E P C F P E E P C F P E E P C F P 7.5 250 0 7.5 10 10 7.5 325 0 6 10 10 6 325 0 6 9 9 6 250 0 6 9 9 6 225 0 6 66 88 6 8 8 6 6 8 8 6 162.5 0 66 77 6 8 8 6 6 8 8 6 162.5 0 6 7.5 7.5 6 6 7.5 7.5 6 137.5 0 66 77 6 10 10 6 6 10 19 6 500 0 6 7 7 6 6 7 7 6 137.5 0 6 8 8 6 6 8 8 6 137.5 0 5.5 5.5 77 7.5 10 10 7.5 7.5 10 10 7.5 300 0 6 10 10 6 6 10 10 6 225 0 6 7 7 6 6 7 7 6 75 0 6 7 7 6 6 7 7 6 162.5 0 55 77 10
DETAIL DESIGN
10
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2
10 10 7.5 7.5
10
3
88 7.5 7.5
10
4
55 7.5 7.5
10
5
33 66
10
6
33 55
7
22 55
10
8
22 55
10
9
33 55
10
10
3 5
Grid System
0 0 5 5 5 5 212.5 0 6 9 9 6 6 9 9 6 5 5 5 5
0 -212.5 6 3 3 6 0 -25 6 5 5 6 50 0 6 5 5 6 6 5 5 6 6 5 5 6 6 3 3 6
0 -300 5 2 2 5 0 -247.5 5.9 3 3 5.9 0 -115 4.7 5 5 4.7 0 -10 4.7 5 5 4.7 15 0 4.7 4.7 55 4.7 5 5 4.7 4.7 5 5 4.7 5.9 3 3 5.9 5 2 2 5
0 -250 5 3 3 5 0 -245 5.9 4 4 5.9 0 -105 4.7 5 5 4.7 30 0 4.7 5 5 4.7 30 0 4.7 4.7 55 = = = = = = = 4.7 5 5 4.7 4.7 5 5 4.7 5.9 4 4 5.9 5 3 3 5
0 -200 5 3 3 5 0 -195 5.9 4 4 5.9 0 -80 4.7 5 5 4.7 30 0 4.7 5 5 4.7 30 0 4.7 5 50.02 4,072.50 814.50 3,258.00 3,335.00 77.00 Nil Acres CuM CuM CuM CuM CuM CuM
B
10
C
10
D
10
E
10
E8
Total Area Total Cut Spoil @ 20% Available Fill Total Fill To import Fill Access Cut
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DETAIL DESIGN
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Design Procedure
Design Criteria Study Project Layout (Development Plan) Study Project Survey Drawing In Conjunction With Dev Plan Propose Platform Levels Compute Volume of Cut & Fill
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DETAIL DESIGN
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DETAIL DESIGN
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Split Levels
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DETAIL DESIGN
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DETAIL DESIGN
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DETAIL DESIGN
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DETAIL DESIGN
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DETAIL DESIGN
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Authority
Compliance & Approvals
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Governing Law
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Submission Checklist
Copy of Letter of Appointment As Consulting Engineer Copy of D.O. Letter from Planning Dept. Copy of Land Title / S & P Agreement Earthwork Plan (duly endorsed by PE) Copy of Approved D.O. Plan / Development Layout by Architect Copy of Quit Rent of Current Year Site Photos of present condition Copy of Approval Letter From JKR For Road System Or Prove Of Submission Copy of Approval Letter From JPS For Drainage System Or Prove Of Submission Copy of Approval Letter of Main Infra / Main Earthwork (if app.) Copy of Geological Mapping (for hill dev) & Erosion Control Plan Report
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SUBMITTING PERSON
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No
JPS Yes
JKR Approval
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Construction
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6
Identification of project site Planning of temporary drainage system Access and wash through location Detention ponds / silt traps Project office & facility Construction of Hoarding Observe all laws pertaining to construction Plan, design, manage all temporary works Earthwork construction & supervision
CONSTRUCTION
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Earthwork Construction
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CONSTRUCTION
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Earthwork Construction
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Site Supervision to comply ; General Instruction Construction Drawings Specifications Bills of Quantities Compliance to Authoritys requirement
CONSTRUCTION
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Quality Control
Contract Document
Compaction 95% max of dry density @ BS 1377 Building footprints, roads & services corridor, runways, etc Compaction 75% Building footprints but to allow Suspended Floor slab design Area not subject to buildings construction i.e fields, landscape, etc Each layer 200mm thick For road sub-base, soaked CBR value 30 for 95% consolidation
Feb 2010
66
6
Selection of types of compaction machinery Vs types of soil
CONSTRUCTION
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Soil Compaction
Grid roller
Sheepsfoot roller
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CONSTRUCTION
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July 2009
68 Feb 2010
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CONSTRUCTION
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In-land Development
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CONSTRUCTION
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CONSTRUCTION
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Mandatory Hoarding
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CONSTRUCTION
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CONSTRUCTION
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CONSTRUCTION
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CONSTRUCTION
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CONSTRUCTION
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CONSTRUCTION
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Post - Construction
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POST - CONSTRUCTION
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Engineer to carry out confirmatory Soil Investigation to verify full compliance i.e. Compaction, Soil Stabilization, etc. Land Surveyor to survey As-Built earthworks platforms to verify full compliance pertaining to FGL or PL. Land Surveyor & Engineer to certify As-Built survey drawings Engineer Review Construction Drawings & Correct to As-Built Drawings Engineer updating As-Built information not covered i.e. Authoritys requirement not spelt out in Construction Drawings, V.O. Engineer to ensure all mandatory dues to Authority are complied Engineer arranged mandatory inspections with JPS, JKR, LC, etc to facilitate handing over works & recommendation for CCC
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7
SUBMITTING PERSON (SP)
POST - CONSTRUCTION
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No
JPS Yes
JKR Recommendation
PTG
LC
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7
Issue Certificate Of Completion & Compliance Defects Liability Period. Generally 1 to 1.5 years Issue Certificate of Completion After Defects Final Account Total Completion of Project
POST - CONSTRUCTION
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Post - CCC
Feb 2010
81
July 2009
82
July 2009
83