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PROLOGUE
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What do all of these civilisations have in common? 5
What are the basic characteristics of a
civilisation?
Towns and
cities.
(Buildings
somewhat
permanent)
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Task: Create your own
system of writing.
Make sure to give the
interpretation.
To be delivered next class.
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Development of the kingdom
of the Nile
Menes united two
kingdoms in 3200
B.C. and became the
first pharaoh.
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Pharaohs and dynasties rose and
fell from the times of Menes
until almost 300 B.C.
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Amenhotep IV, also known as
Akhenaton, tried to
make people accept monotheism
in 1300s B.C.
An obsessive worship of the Sun (Aton).
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Some concepts
about the
Mesopotamians Mesopotamia: the
Tigris-Euphrates
Valley in Southwest
Asia.
Fertile Crescent: another
name for Mesopotamia,
where many historians
believe agriculture first
developed.
City-state: includes
the city itself as
well as the lands,
fields, and villages
around it.
Ziggurats:
Sumerian
temples.
Cuneiform: form of
wedge-shaped writing
created by the
Sumerians.
Akkadians: people who
conquered the Sumerians
in about 2330 B.C.,
created a large empire
that extended to the
Mediterranean Sea.
Hammurabi: a ruler of
Babylon who
conquered
most of the upper
Tigris-Euphrates
Valley, created a
structure of laws.
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Task: Download, print
and paste this image on
your scrapbook. Write
your name in Cuneiform
writing.
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Location
Government
Economy
Religion
Achievements
Egyptians Mesopotamians
Along the river Nile.
Valley between the
Euphrates and the Tigris.
Monarchy led by a
Pharaoh.
Organized in city-states.
Polytheist. Polytheist.
Farming, trade. Farming, trade.
Calendar, geometry,
pyramids, mummification.
Sumerian cuneiform,
ziggurats, Code of
Hammurabi, Hittite iron.
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_____ __ __ ______ _ ___ __
______ _ ___ _
Became the greatest traders in
the ancient world.
Developed the base of
the alphabet.
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_________ _
First people to use coined money.
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_____ ______ _____ ______ _____ ______ _____ ______
Monotheism.
The Torah.
Ethical monotheism.
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Sacred text:
Bahavad Gita
Many gods
Possibility of
enlightenment.
Four noble truths: Life
involves suffering and
sorrow, desire for
pleasure creates
sorrow, renouncing
desire frees people,
desire can be
renounced by following
the eight-fold path.
Eight-fold path.
Belief in
reincarnation
Dharma and
karma
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Strong central
government
Standardized weights,
measures, coins
Uniform writing system
Single taxation system
Harsh rule based on
legalism
Qin Dynasty Han Dynasty
Strong central
government
Increased trade
Expanded borders
Oversaw introduction of
new goods
Less harsh, wiser rule
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The city-states
form, between
800s700s B.C.E.
Howthe Howthe Howthe Howthegovernmentof governmentof governmentof governmentof
theGreek theGreek theGreek theGreekcitystates citystates citystates citystates
changed changed changed changedovertime. overtime. overtime. overtime.
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Around 600 B.C.,
landowners and soldiers
struggle for control.
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Tyrants take
power unlawfully,
some were harsh
and unjust.
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In 507 B.C. Cleisthenes
overthrows the
aristocrats and forms a
direct democracy in
Athens.
Later, Pericles takes
Greece to a Golden
age known as the
Century of Pericles.
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Areas which Alexander the Great conquered: Asia Minor,
Syria, Egypt, the Persian Empire (Iran), and part of India.
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Alexander the Greats
conquest, as well as the trade
throughout the empire,
enabled the Greek culture not
only to be spread, but also to
blend with other cultures.
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509 BCE: Rome becomes a republic when Lucius
Tarquinius Superbus, the last Etruscan king is
overthrown.
The republic was established in 509 B.C.
and lasted nearly 500 years.
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Period of 200 years, from 27 bC, to
180 AD, when the Roman Empire
reached its greatest splendour.
There was peace and prosperity
throughout the empire.
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Civil wars and invasions
led to the fall of the
Western Roman Empire
in 476 AD.
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too many poor
loss of patriotism,
interest in
government, and
political honesty
Decline of the Roman Empire
inadequate
government for size
of empire
competition for
power
army interference
made government
unstable
expense of defending
and maintaining
empire
heavy taxes
loss of income
Political/Military
Economic Social
dependence on
German troops
decline of
manufacturing and
agriculture
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City states of Eastern Africa
The most
important, and
the oldest, was
the kingdom of
Kush, also known
as Nubia.
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Most of Eastern African societies were
organised in City-States.
Their economical development came from coastal
trade.
They merged African, Arabic and Persian
elements.
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In Western Africa, the
empires of Ghana, Mali and
Songhai flourished thanks to
the control of the Saharan
trade routes.
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Farmers
Writing
system
Architects
and
engineers
Pyramids
The
Mayas
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______ ________________ _____ _ ______ ________________ _____ _ ______ ________________ _____ _ ______ ________________ _____ _
_ ____ ____ ____ ______ ___ _ ____ ____ ____ ______ ___ _ ____ ____ ____ ______ ___ _ ____ ____ ____ ______ ___
__ ___ _ ___ _____ ____ __ ___ _ ___ _____ ____ __ ___ _ ___ _____ ____ __ ___ _ ___ _____ ____
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Print and
paste the
Mayan
numbers.
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Human
sacrifices
Calendar
Architects
and
engineers
The
Aztecs
Pyramids
and
chinampa
s
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Irrigation
systems
Use of
the quipu
to aid
the
memory
Architects
and
engineers
The
Incas
Fortresses
high on the
mountains
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Chapter test 1
Geography activity 1
Extra credit: Make a
little quipu (with a tag
explaining the thing it
reminds you).
Remember the images and tasks
which should already be attached to
your scrapbook.
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