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Marriage and Divorce of Astronomy and Astrology History of Astral Prediction from Antiquity to Newton
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MARRIAGE AND DIVORCE OF ASTRONOMY AND ASTROLOGY HISTORY 2 OF ASTRAL PREDICTION FOR ANTIQUITYOF NEWTON
Contents
Chapter 1. Some Sources of Astral Beliefs Chapter 2. From Astral Beliefs to Kepler, Fludd and Newton Appendix: Newtons Laws Chapter 3. Some Astrological Techniques Chapter 4. From Babylon to Copernicus Chapter 5. Stoics, Kepler and Evaluations Chapter 6. Earlier Christians and Astrology Chapter 7. From Ptolemy to Newton Chapter 8. Updates and Addenda Chapter 9. Pierre d'Ailly and Newton again Chapter 10. John Dee and Astrological Physics
MARRIAGE AND DIVORCE OF ASTRONOMY AND ASTROLOGY HISTORY 3 OF ASTRAL PREDICTION FOR ANTIQUITYOF NEWTON
"Even a god cannot change the past. --- Agathon, born c. 445 BC "It has been said that though God cannot alter the past, historians can; it is perhaps because they can be useful to Him in this respect that He tolerates their existence. --- Samuel Butler, Erewhon Revisited, 1901
1. The heavensthe physical oneswere for a long time regarded as the locus of divinity by many people, and a source of what takes place on earth. In his On the Heavens, Aristotle says there is something beyond the bodies which are on earth, different and separate from them, and the glory of this something grows greater as its distance from this world of ours increases. The primary body, at the greatest distance from earth, is eternal and unchanging. For, Aristotle says, surely there are gods, and they are immortal, and everyone agrees they are located in the highest place in the universe. The evidence of our senses tells us, at least with the certainty attainable by humans, that in the past, as far as our records reach, no change has taken place in the outermost heavens. So the primary body is something beyond earth, air, fire and water. We call it the aether, Aristotle says, because it runs forever. (Aristotle (384-322 B.C.), De caelo (On the Heavens), 269b12-16, 270b123, translated by J. L. Stocks.) 2. Aristotle based his theory on the evidence of our senses. He says phenomena confirm his theory. He also says his theory confirms the