Professional Documents
Culture Documents
COLLECTION PROCESSING
Blood
is the most frequent body fluid used for analytical purposes.
Three general procedures for blood collection: 1. Venipuncture (blood chemistry) 2. Arterial puncture (ABG) 3. Skin puncture (pediatric client)
9. Apply tourniquet 10. Perform the venipuncture (15 degree angle) 11. Release tourniquet 12. Place a sterile cotton & apply pressure 12. Withdraw needle 13. Transfer specimen 14. Check condition of client 15. Dispose contaminated materials
NOTE: Open & close of fist during phlebotomy is of no value and may increase in potassium hence, should be avoided.
COMPLICATIONS:
Prolonged application of a tourniquet results in increase blood concentration (hemoconcentration)
1. Missed vein
2. Excessive pull on syringe plunger 3. Clients syncope 4. Excessive bleeding 5. Vein thrombosis 6. Infection of the site of venipuncture
Failure of to obtain blood after two attempts is an indication that another phlebotomist should make an attempt.
NOTE: Draw specimens into non-additive tubes before tubes with additives.
Binds calcium
Accelerates clot formation
Skin Puncture
used for pediatric patients uses a sharp lancet pierce the skin and a capillary tube for sample collection Site: Outer area of the bottom of the foot (Heel stick) Fleshy part of the middle of the last phalanx of the 3rd or 4th (ring) finger (Finger stick) Fleshy part of the earlobe
Sample Processing
(Pre-analytical Level)
1. Correct matching of blood collection tube(s) with the appropriate analyte request and patient/client identification labels. 2. Check if sample is acceptable for further processing Amount/volume of sample sufficient Proper anticoagulant or preservative Timing is indicated Specimen is intact Properly transported 3. Centrifuge sample to separate serum/plasma from the cells
Once processed samples should be analyzed within 4 hours; to minimize the effects of evaporation, samples should be properly capped and kept away from areas of rapid airflow, light and heat
Sample Variables
1. Physiologic consideration a. Diurnal or circadian variation b. Exercise c. Diet d. Stress e. Gender f. Age g. Underlying medical conditions h. Drugs i. Posture 2. Proper patient preparation 3. Problems in collection, transportation, processing and storage
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