WELCOME

to Introduction to Geographic Information Systems By Dr. Khalid Eldrandaly Associate Prof. of GIS

Course Objective

This course provides an in depth introduction to the fundamental concepts of Geographic Information Systems (GIS). The course will cover the following topics:

GIS overview GIS Functionality GIS Components Geographic Data Data Models Vector Data Model Raster Data Model Coordinate Systems and Map Projection GIS Data Acquisition GIS Data Editing Data Display and Cartography

Class Mechanics

Prerequisite: None Lecture: 2 hours per week Two Lectures/Week (S M) Lab:

/ ESRI VC Free Course

Getting Started with GIS

Course Point Allocation

First Exam .. ..15 Second Exam 15 Lab .. 20 Attendance and Discussion....10 Final Exam40 Total.100

Lecture Resources
Textbooks: Introduction to Geographic Information Systems, 5th edition, by Kang- Tsung Chang. (McGraw-Hill 2010). . - - - - . Lecture notes www.kau.edu.sa/keldrandaly

Lab Resources

GIS Tutorial, 3rd ed., ESRI Press ESRI Training and Education

http://training.esri.com/gateway/index.cfm

Lecture 1 Overview of GIS

As of February 2006, Geotechnologies is listed by the U.S. Department of Labor as one of the three most important emerging and evolving fields," along with Biotechnology and Nanotechnology Geotechnologies have turned computer mapping into a powerful decision- making tool!

Global Positioning Systems (GPS)

a system of earth-orbiting satellites which can provide precise (100 meter to sub-cm.) location on the earths surface (in lat/long coordinates or equiv.) use of satellites or aircraft to capture information about the earths surface at a minimum, comprises a capability for input, storage, manipulation and output of geographic information

Remote Sensing (RS)

Geographic Information Systems (GIS)

GPS and RS are sources of input data for a GIS.

What is a GIS?

Where did GIS come from?

GIS is built upon knowledge from geography, cartography, computer science, Information Systems, and mathematics Geographic Information Science is a new interdisciplinary field built out of the use and theory of GIS

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Knowledge Base for GIS

Computer Science/IS
graphics visualization database system administration security

Application Area: GIS

public admin. planning geology mineral exploration forestry site selection marketing civil engineering criminal justice surveying

Geography and related:

cartography geodesy photogrammetry landforms spatial statistics.

The convergence of technological fields and traditional disciplines.

Defining GIS

Different definitions of a GIS have evolved in different areas and disciplines All GIS definitions recognize that spatial data are unique because they are linked to maps (Space matters!) A GIS at least consists of a database, map information, and a computer-based link between them

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GIS Definition

computer-based information system that enables capture, modeling, storage, retrieval, sharing, manipulation, analysis, and presentation of geographically referenced data (Worboys and Duckham, 2004, p.2).

A geographic information system is a

Almost everything happens somewhere Knowing where some things happen is critically important

Why does GIS Matter?

GIS is a special class of information systems that keeps track not only of events, activities, and things, but also of where these events, activities, and things happen or exist

Position of country boundaries Location of hospitals Routing delivery vehicles Management of forest stands Allocation of funds for sea defenses

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Why Study GIS?

80% of local government activities estimated to be geographically based

plats, zoning, public works (streets, water supply, sewers), garbage garbage collection, land ownership and valuation

a significant portion of state government has a geographical component

natural resource management highways and transportation retail site selection & customer analysis logistics: vehicle tracking & routing natural resource exploration (petroleum, etc.) precision agriculture civil engineering and construction geography, geology, botany anthropology, sociology, economics, political science Epidemiology, criminology

businesses use GIS for a very wide array of applications

scientific research employs GIS

Five Ms of Applied GIS

Mapping Measuring Monitoring Modeling Managing

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Examples of Applied GIS

Urban Planning, Management & Policy

Civil Engineering/Utility

Zoning, subdivision planning Land acquisition Economic development Code enforcement Housing renovation programs Emergency response Crime analysis Tax assessment Monitoring environmental risk Modeling stormwater runoff Management of watersheds, floodplains, wetlands, forests, aquifers Environmental Impact Analysis Hazardous or toxic facility siting Groundwater modeling and contamination tracking Redistricting Analysis of election results Predictive modeling

Locating underground facilities Designing alignment for freeways, transit Coordination of infrastructure maintenance Demographic Analysis Market Penetration/ Share Analysis Site Selection Attendance Area Maintenance Enrollment Projections School Bus Routing Neighborhood land prices Traffic Impact Analysis Determination of Highest and Best Use Epidemiology Needs Analysis Service Inventory

Business

Environmental Sciences

Education Administration

Real Estate

Health Care

Political Science

Brief History of GIS

1960 70s Innovation

First GIS Canada Land Inventory DIME US Bureau of Census Harvard Laboratory for Computer Graphics Major vendors started (e.g. ESRI, Intergraph) Landsat satellite launched Key academic conferences (e.g. AutoCarto)

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Brief History of GIS

1980s Commercialization

Commercial GIS software (e.g. ArcInfo) First GIS textbooks First global data sets Clinton Executive Order Internet becomes major deliver vehicle More than 1 million active users

2000s Exploitation

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Sources of Information on GIS

The amount of information available about GIS can be overwhelming Sources of GIS information include journals and magazines, books, professional societies, the World Wide Web, and conferences GIS has Web Home pages, network conference groups, professional organizations, and user groups Most colleges and universities now offer GIS classes in geography departments

GIS Resources: Conferences

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Major GIS Journals

International Journal of GIS Geographical Systems Transactions in GIS Geographic Information and Decision Analysis Computers, Environment, and Urban Systems Computers and Geosciences IEEE Transactions on Computer Graphics and Applications Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing URISA Applied GIS

Popular Distribution Magazines

Geospatial solutions GIS Law Geoworld GPS World Mapping awareness/Mapping awareness and GIS in Europe/Asia/Africa

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Professional Organizations

URISA: Urban and Regional Information Systems Association. AM/FM International Automated Mapping and Facilities Management. AAG: The Association of American Geographers. ACSM: American Congress on Surveying and Mapping. ASPRS: American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing. NACIS: North American Cartographic Information Society.

WWW Resources: NSDI

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Clarke GIS Internet Guide

GIS daily internet news/jobs

http://www.geoplace.com http://www.geoplace.com http://www.giscafe.com http://www.gis.com http://www.geographynetwork.com http://www.census.gov/geo/www/faqhttp://www.census.gov/geo/www/faq-index.html http://www.geo.ed.ac.uk/home/giswww.html http://www.lib.berkeley.edu/EART/abbrev.html

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Next Topic:
GIS Functionality

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