Name:_______________________

Class: _______

Index no.: _______

PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION 2 2011 Secondary Four Express/ Five Normal Academic SCIENCE CHEMISTRY- PAPER 3 23 August 2011 INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES Section A Answer all questions Write your answers in the spaces provided on the question paper. Section B Answer any two questions. Write your answers on the writing paper provided. At the end of the examination, fasten any separate answer paper used securely to the question paper. INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES The number of marks is given in bracket [ ] at the end of each question or part question. A copy of the Periodic Table is attached on page 14. Paper 1 Paper 3:Section A Paper 3:Section B Total Marks 5116/03 and 5118/03 1 hour 15 min

This question paper consists of 14 printed pages including the cover page Candidates Name: _______________________ Pg 1 of 14 Index No: ____________

Section A: 45 marks Answer ALL the questions in this section. A1 Choose from the following elements to answer the questions below. aluminum iodine bromine iron calcium chlorine hydrogen oxygen magnesium nitrogen [4]

Each element can be used once, more than once, or not at all. Name an element which : (a) (b) (c) (d) forms two different positive ions; forms an amphoteric oxide; is the most reactive metal in the list; forms a diatomic molecule with a triple bond; ________________________ ________________________ ________________________ ________________________

A2

Sodium is stored under oil because it rapidly oxidizes to form sodium oxide, Na2O.

(a)

Draw a dot and cross diagram to show the bonding in sodium oxide, Na 2O. You only need to show outer shell electrons. [2]

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Sodium oxide reacts with water to form sodium hydroxide. (b) Write a balanced chemical equation for this reaction. [1] _____________________________________________________________ (c) 62g of sodium oxide are used to make 2 dm3 of aqueous sodium hydroxide. What is the concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution in mol/dm 3? [2]

A3

Phosphorus is a non-metal. This diagram shows the structure of one molecule of phosphorus (III) oxide.

(a)

Give the molecular formula of phosphorus (III) oxide.

[1]

_____________________________________________________________ (b) Explain why phosphorus (III) oxide has the properties given below. Property 1 Phosphorus (III) oxide is acidic. [2]

Explanation __________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ Property 2 Phosphorus (III) oxide has a low melting point.

Explanation __________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ Pg 3 of 14

A4

Complete the following table. Particle Fe N 313 27 proton number 26 38 mass number 56 protons Number of neutrons electrons 50 7 38 10

[4]

A5 The table below gives the results of the experiments between three metals and aqueous solutions of their salts. [4] aqueous X salt aqueous silver salt aqueous magnesium salt (a) (i) (ii) What would be the result in A : ___________________________________________________ B : ___________________________________________________ silver no reaction no reaction no reaction metal X no reaction displacement reaction occurred A magnesium displacement reaction occurred B no reaction

(b)

Place the metals in the order of increasing reactivity. _______________________________________________________________

(c)

Write the ionic equation for the reaction between magnesium and aqueous solution of X if X has a valency of 2. _______________________________________________________________

A6 The statue of liberty in New York is made from an iron frame covered with copper plates. In 2004, work had to be carried out to stop the iron frame from rusting away. Pg 4 of 14

The iron frame was rusting much faster than normal where it was in contact with the copper. (a) Explain why copper, in contact with iron, causes the iron to rust faster than normal. [2] ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________

(b)

Would you expect the copper, in contact with the iron, to corrode faster or slower than normal? Explain your reasoning. [1] _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________

A7

This question is about making salts. For each salt, suggest the name of the missing reagent and briefly describe how to obtain the solid product from the reaction mixture. [6]

(a)

salt to be made : lithium chloride. reagent 1 : dilute hydrochloric acid reagent 2 : _______________________________________________________ I could obtain solid lithium chloride crystals by : __________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________

(b)

salt to be made : barium sulfate. reagent 1 : aqueous potassium sulfate Pg 5 of 14

reagent 2 : ______________________________________________________ I could obtain solid barium sulfate by : ________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ (c) salt to be made : blue copper (II) sulfate crystals. reagent 1 : dilute sulfuric acid reagent 2 : ______________________________________________________ I could obtain blue copper (II) sulfate by : ______________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ A8 Petrol (gasoline) vapour is mixed with air before being burned in a car engine. The amount of petrol in the mixture can be varied. The amounts of pollutant gases, nitrogen oxide and carbon monoxide, in the exhaust emissions from cars depend on the mixture used, as shown in the graph

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below.

(a) (i) Explain why some carbon monoxide is produced in a car engine.

[1]

________________________________________________________________ (ii) Using the graph, describe how the concentration of carbon monoxide varies as the percentage of petrol in the mixture increases. [1]

________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ (b) Explain how car engines produce nitrogen oxide. [1]

_________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ (c) Pollution from cars is decreased by using catalytic converters. The structure of a converter is shown below. Pg 7 of 14

Catalysts increase the rates of reaction. Suggest two other reasons why the reactions in catalytic converters are very fast. [2]

_______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________

A9 State if the following reactions are exothermic or endothermic reactions: (a) (b) (c) Dissolving ammonium nitrate in water : ________________________ Melting ice Respiration : ________________________ : ________________________

[3]

A10 During cracking, molecules of nonane, C9H20, produce three different products: butane, ethane and product X. (a) Complete the equation to show the formula of product X. crack nonane butane + ethane + product X [1]

C9H20 C4H10 + C2H4 + ____________ Structural formula of ethene Structural formula of product X (b) Draw the structural formulae of ethene and product X in the boxes below.[2]

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A11

The table contains some information about two addition polymers and the monomers from which they are made. Complete the table below by filling in the empty boxes. [3]

(a)

(i) Explain what is meant by the term monomer.

[1]

______________________________________________________________ (ii)Both of the polymers in the table are addition polymers. Pg 9 of 14

Explain what is meant by addition polymerization.

[1]

______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________

Section B: 20 marks Answer any TWO questions in this section on the writing paper provided. B1 An excess of zinc was added to 10cm3 of 0.5 mol/dm3 hydrochloric acid, using the apparatus below.

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(a)

Calculate the maximum volume of hydrogen which could be produced in the reaction at r.t.p. The graph shows how the volume of hydrogen changed during the reaction. [3]

(b)

(i) Describe how the rate of reaction changes as the reaction progresses. (ii) Suggest a reason for this change. [2]

(c)

The experiment was repeated using dilute sulfuric acid of the same concentration. (i) (ii) Write a balanced equation for the reaction between zinc and sulfuric acid. Suggest how both the rate of reaction and the total volume of hydrogen obtained would differ from the reaction between zinc and hydrochloric acid. (iii) Explain your reasoning. [5]

B2 (a)

Chlorine, bromine and iodine are elements in Group VII of the Periodic Table. A series of experiments were carried out to determine the reactivity of these three elements, using the reagents shown in the table below.

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Reagents used Aqueous potassium chloride Aqueous potassium bromide Aqueous potassium iodide (i) (ii) (iii) (iv)

Aqueous chlorine -

Aqueous bromine -

Aqueous iodine

Copy and complete the table, showing the observations you would expect to see when the respective reagents react. List the elements in order of increasing chemical reactivity. Write a chemical equation, with state symbols, for any one of the reactions that occurred in part (i). Hence write an ionic equation for the chemical reaction in part (iii) [1] [2] [3] [1]

(b)

Chlorine reacts with water to make a solution that can be used as a bleach. The equation is shown below. Cl2 + H2O HCl + ClOH Use oxidation numbers to show that chlorine is both oxidized and reduced in this reaction. [3]

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B3

The diagram shows a fractionating column for the separation of crude oil.

The following fractions leave the column. fraction naphtha paraffin diesel oil number of carbon atoms 7-14 9-16 15-25 boiling range / oC 90 - 150 150 - 240 220 - 250 [1] [3]

(a) Which fractions leave the column at each of the points A, B and C? (b) Explain how the fractionating column is able to separate the crude oil mixture. hydrocarbons in ship fuel. Pg 13 of 14

(c) Octane, C8H18, is a hydrocarbon in petrol. Hexadecane, C 16H34, is one of the

(i)

Show, by calculation, that hexadecane contains a higher percentage of carbon by mass than octane.

This is the equation for the complete combustion of octane. 2 C8H18 (l) + 25 O2 (g) 16 CO2 (g) + 18 H2O (g) (ii) Copy and complete the following equation for the complete combustion of hexadecane. 2C16H34 (l) + ___O2 (g) ___ CO2 (g) + ___ H2O (g) (iii) (d) Use the equations to explain why hexadecane burns with a smokier flame than octane. Name two fuels, suitable for cars, which may not be produced from crude oil. [1] [5]

THE END

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