Separate naphthalene, sand & salt Materials req: Burner, beaker & cotton plug, test tube, test

tube holder, filter paper, pestle & mortar, china dish, glass funnel & wire gauze, tripod and finally Spatula & beater. Principle of separation: mix of naphtalene (C10H8), salt (NaCl) and sand (SiO2) can be separrated into individual components by using following process. 1) sublimation: heating the ternary mix to 250C will sublime the naphthalene from mix leaving a binary mix of sand and table salt. 2) extraction and filteration: the salt will be extracted with water using a filter paper. 3) evaporation/drying: the heating of wet sand and the filterate will evaporate water leaving pure salt and sand behind. Procedure: grind the given mixture with the help of pastle and mortar into a fine a poweder. transfer the mix to a china dish and place a glass funnel on mouth of the china dish. Place the assembley on wire gauze with an iron tripod stand. close the funnel mouth wiht a cotton plug and also cover the outside walls with the water wet cotton. carefully heat the beaker with a bunsen burner until vapors appear in the funnel. A solid should collect on the inside walls of the funnel. After about 10 minutes, remove the bunsen bunren from under the beaker, then carefully remove evaporating dish and collect solid by scrapping it off with a spatula. Add 25 ml distilled water of remaining binary mix in china dish. Heat and stir for 5 minutes. Rinse china dish with 5-10ml distilled water, pour over the residue in the funnel, do a second washing of a residue with 5-10ml of distilled water. Take residue (sand) in a beaker. wash the filter paper with distilled water twice and add the washings to the beaker (sand). heat the filterate till the solid residue NaCl is obtained. heat the residue (sand beaker) till all the water evaporates. Precautions: always use mask while dealing with naphthalene. All the heating should be done in a fume hood. Hazards: inahling the chemical can lead to nausea, vommitting, fatigue, head ache, fever, confusion and fainting. Routine exposure can cause a condition called hemolytic anemia. Q1) do u see any difference between homogenous mix and solution? ans: NO. there is no difference Q2) what is sublimation process? give a list of substances which shows sublmation pattern. What is the reverse of sublimation process? ans: heating the ternary mix to 250C will sublime the naphtalene from mix leaving a binary mix of sand and salt. Q3) differentiate between evaporation, sublimation, deposition and condensation? ans: sublimation of process when solid is heated and it tunrs directly into gas without passing thru liquid state. evaportaion is when liquid is heated it turns to gas. condensation is from vapor state to liquid state. deposition is reverse of sublmiation.

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