2005,RRE/AB,SITH ITB

INTERAKSI ANTAR SEL-SEL DAN LINGKUNGANNYA

Biologi Sel basar BI-100A

2005,RRE/AB,SITH ITB

INTERAKSI ANTAR SEL-SEL DAN LINGKUN 1) Sel - Sel 1) Sel - Matriks ekstraselular(Jaringan)

2005,RRE/AB,SITH ITB

2005,RRE/AB,SITH ITB

Basement membrane

Basement membrane Dermis Specialized cellcell contact Specialized cell substratum contact Reticular fiber Proteoglyc an Collagen fiber Cell surface receptor (integnn) Fibroblast Elastic fiber Dead cornified - cells Epidermis

Dividing cells

Extracel dm Site ol Cell-cell contact

Actrwablyi of eoirie Wirmly

2005,RRE/AB,SITH ITB

Cronge in cytogwle101 org.anizalian Change ri riurneohilte ktwation 120. syinttesi klivabccol FtfklA synItiesIS (.
1 F

ire

if)

09!ielami

11_ \

A-

2005,RRE/AB,SITH ITB

Figure 7.1 An overview of how cells are organized into

tissues and how they interact with one another and with their extracellular environment. In this schematic diagram of a section through human skin, the cells of the epidermis are seen to adhere to one another by specialized contacts. The basal layer of

epidermal cells also adheres to an underlying, noncellular

layer (the basement membrane). The dermis consists largely

Extracollular matrix

of exescellular elements that interact with each other and with the surfaces of scattered cells. The cells contain receptors that interact with extracellular materials.

2005,RRE/AB,SITH ITB

Tlda-7-11 C4110E=L=. u Ei cm d a IF .111:12 n imi.r

Mel disoimi

5 Er uc car .

Fmccion

EI:M.I. pl .1

INIMACELUILLIL RECEPr011Slao =Ea= I u la r Erro 1- bi nd i ng R cod L-ca . igna 1. From 1 i Fi d-solu 1:1 EIR E rE pcori For NO, m=roi d xi= or n a n6.113rp Ed. na n po6r zma Ih ar rna 6 o m ii 0- and n a kcul= &or Ei d h 13 rmon E

IZEL L S LEREACE XECUTO:1:5 .11)113165:u6r '27=.' cri Bp r rcd ch crn kol ly CD a pc n or c6sc B i rric :Fnal =cracc I u 6 dr, =im l:D=. rco Fel rox i rum:climb rl 7

tic Lr o ro

Ph pip Iv] ry imi anoF Fraad n Lin irm Bp ki dc h E. rmorma, ro d =Ha i n th c rrcs

E i rcl i nerohi Fra 1 LE. rc = FE1 r al u:u:s GIP to 13 i nd 3 C. Frccc ii; C. Fr Dix ii, wi di a Chcniolly prEd Hu 1 ki p3 m. crwi . ri crn 1:rA nc ion c hal nc 1r Fr nizin fa rrn inEr x = n Eral pars FLoaym ic r E = Fix.raS 1.113 Ic-Fmx 17. r rncrn kr 3nc protein C-proccin-linkcd rox pal rr ti im n- FiC b 1 MT= 13. 3nc Fri:ad:I...id] cpmplanic lindliffsic far a pramin

P MEI CAL

co brrAL-r Pi' ]T11

C ELLS

Eh= ca m cria I. Cymn pl xcrn ic co m =i a ro icrwo:n Enw il 341i n 13 i ng ph n cod 1 wal I. =1133 od 1 in 3 dm= Corn ri u ri od rig j . rE don 1:cmo:n plunr=11. Sorb= 113 ri3131irr92rA 1 p rIrr i ni or 31rmaliFidr 6 =11mcribralc m3rlecr . 113h i jitnti Down] ma mci. an Ad hc rou i crudi c. r Tidy board, 1 = kp ro of, likros prandn %de &Es zurroundscd1 In to- na=1 i . ix 0 kwn E no of crozdx kkon i n ko:1 E. . c1/2 a iring onfmrirw =113. chromph Tra ro rn:rn 1:r3nc fi b ro La Frarcir S x Ersi . m crn krA nc co m = an Frkis cr=sdrga 'pipe I& nd Fy Eh c all OrEy n = ns i s n di co: lidds =Hz Eir dic r al di di s E msc ri s I pm= =me bu E MA billin the =IL Anclmring jonrdan: "linimne =1 . copc dxr Ana FE ri ns *di an: "r acie .= cra=1 1 ul a. m3cr ix El 9,1=1=1 1:1:1 n

Gap ju EEL kna

CDrnouriming *Edon:allow. F.3 migc n F rmal 1 ri n low 1 From PI xcrn Eel Dm 3 b

Endokrin

Tipe penyampaian molekul sinyal

(A) ENDOCRINE endocrine cell (C) NEURONAL .:13) PARACRINE 1-j1 CONTACT-DEPENDENT body

Crp r.r.:1

Sira. brr R-1

y MI

Imny-1-

DI dal
Jr

wrl

&Ls /

sel target jauh 4 hormon dibawa melalui pembuluh darah

parakrin

Mediator local -*mempengaruhi sel target sekitar/ tetangga dirusak oleh suatu enzim ekstraselular atau diimobilisasi oleh ECM

Autokrin / (contact dependent) sel responsif terhadap substansi yang dihasilkan oleh sel itu sendiri atau sel sekitarnya Sinaptik(neuronal) Penyampaian sinyal dapat dilakukan dengan cara protein dari suatu sel berikatan langsung dengan protein lain pada sel lain.
2005,RRE/AB,SITH ITB

r1.10

en snin rgur ogr ona SDK

itniro;drikl

ol p.] ix Pax. az.ds

rhy mid gland =v-rn Id doh, 31 haa or f mins Eli d.i Iva &C. or dx. xrnlno acld niI 1s, G.-E.. In PAW o;is

pram

an d I pl 1:1 traakdown. , I n W.:4 a nd C b MU 13 ICE sluarsc. u palkGr. p PDE-I r. cyn Mac C.. a n.:1 Ilpld

Incluciz. and ma In nins. laconclaly ma Iii -mum! h srac C.1 lc Eli MU 13 ICIS FN. 13 Ism 0 I 3-12f1 y r. I iypas d al-Peal:Pea. or rho!Ina [MP or el.:. am I no ac Id gluzrnk add E.:clamp/ ric.0 1 1 :4 ransrnh x many rid ya- musc Ego ran arr:I In o;-ninl ranctus -Arn 47:eceijc lc a cit' ri7A.9.21) n.-ras m na Is nGlya izirrinals Co nt.x1-4141F .k nd4cd 1).0.3 1p naIrE Hol4k LI KC. picep:cilya ra_rorel wirloas odwi dayG4oF4ne op!! rypt naightorIngc alb rn)m Ix-coming spachitaxl In E-anxi way ae- dx. Marla Ing rrarem.-mb rine pkaDln

Km
G Ice), no_roharrsml L KI 13310 31 rid W.L& s-r_axn

Tab I e 1G-1 Sxn e

SI Ghl E
14 LEG LL

rn p ks oF ign el I
SITE F

u I el
CH E F1C F.L .TLQE SO E ACT 10 NS

Hrtrrorss 3KINI al EI and Coe reo: Es dpi lyarly.por dx. xrnlno acid lykc E.Efold ida4 Pea i Pai or holirs El I E.E-ro idallyallya or c hola P:4 p;pildc Inc mix-1;E. ticod pasim:In Marc ram, and mcintoltm alPacc. ma-cbtol tin or piccire-. caitP)hyclraric-. ancl lipids In mcez dz-uce. I ncluc 4c. 3 nd M3 h d ns. -saconcla rfAl SCKLEI I
MI i SILK .:11G. 11 1:-11, AlyCOE01 IDICOICCFYATI

acInai al F arid
0Y3 y
tc o;i

Cit< boon Ir ...WI)

pane rya s

maw ca4ti

..1K- 111111- blood v.F.ds E.r1 MU la 1.35 Idairn I and many celiac CA I - was ci p p:41I;fa

dte.oPail gas

E.r1 MU 13 1.35 many o:-1

1

raven

io pp :4 Ifera

prOIT101:66. E .1 I tit Sad CC canal') LI2ez4z- al ra_rorei p mcsas sweat' or rha4i sx1:4-1E. InhIbla cal Kona-Won:5 IMAMS gamanalulmr mahlx pircluclon

causas ygre.als ra dlaeu and bacoma- kaki. ha-ping is Inlam maim causes snximh mirm la Das io rabx: midis:al rawardylry ya i 1:+_r . c. Is I tz-Lpas ploraln pkeiin

d aiteadva. or dx. amino ac htildlra rota rri I I ars

Sel berkomunikasi secara kinliawi : SignalReseptor

Molekul sinyal bekerja dengan konsentrasi rendah <10-8M & reseptor berikatan dengan afinitas yang tinggi, menimbulkan suatu kaskade sinyal intraselular yang dapat mengubah respons sel.
Molekul sinyal : protein, peptida kecil, asam amino, nukleotida, steroid, retinoid, derivat asam lemak. Gas terlarut seperti NO dan CO

Kebanyakan molekul sinyal dikeluarkan oleh sel dengan cara : eksositosis difusi (sekresOmelalui membran plasma, terikat pada permukaan sel pemberi signal

Contoh : Viagra merangsang disekresikannya gas NO shg pemb.darah relax /melebar

2005,RRE/AB,SITH ITB

Col

41

`Hormone

(a) Intracellular receptors

Carrier protein in blood

A
Cytosolic receptor Receptor-hormone complex Nucleus

140Wirdlo SIIIXITHNu9Cl2{!LL

prawn

Mrt-

1I

Altered transcription of specific genes

ErnRNA
r

rigure iu-iv PI HIM CCM LAW; 111151r

MIMIC 111:01:11X11 Fl

el

kJ

LAW

t i

MCVII1

MIL al Dining .1.a Ebx1

vessel. 11:1! Sq.mre !reds leafing b (116:4-1 c the flood ye :A. iekased by Nerve kfrrin:. in the hixdAterw:el :Aid& entkepeli celk 1-t make and rekase

YJIKI

rhroi

Epinefrin berikatan dengan Reseptor terikat protein G

HOCH2

+
HO OH I 0 P
0

HO

UDP-glucose

epinefrinberikatan ke reseptor b-adrenergik pada permukaan

Glycogen synthase

HOCH2

HOCR2

-aH

'''\L/
OH

Glycogen (n + 1 residues}
Glycogen phosphorylase

HOCH,

HOCH,

ID

OH

sel hati dan adiposa.

m m
I 0 UDP 0 0 Pc 0pridine

Epinefrin yang berikatan dengan reseptor menimbulkan efek berbeda :

HOC H2 \
OI

VL/OLO HO

OH

Glucose 1-phosphate 0
(3 E \/ / a

OH OH Glycogen (n residues)

Epinefrin yang berikatan dengan b-adrenergik pada sel otot jantung

2005,RRE/AB,SITH ITB

4 peningkatan kontraksi otot 4 supply darah meningkat Pada sel otot polos intestin 4 relaksasi otot Pada sel otot polos saluran darah di ginjal, kulit, intestin4 reseptor lain receptor a2-adrenergik 4 arteri konstriksi

C)

Protein Reseptor : cl 076,1, (7/

Edracobrir

2005,RRE/AB,SITH ITB

ti

1-1111.0111171111 elm PIPI-PCITIVIIII

111TRA CE L L

C C FrTOre
rn I h -tea phctic Fro
"

161I

ma

I ri nrcif

lu lar

Rgire 1E-9 Extracellular nignal

rnolec-ult bind either to cell---,uriare receptors 1:c ID int OC dlular era:ant-1 or receptors. 1,11 Mos! Eigna rnaleculen are bilge and hydrophik and are therekce tread F~ CEISS Ihe plasma membrane dhecilA i-Istead, they hi-d to cel-

2005,RRE/AB,SITH ITB

suiace

rereptoin, whkh F. ILrn genelak one or rnoielignalninnide I he tame! cel Cars hown in Figur- 36-71. IR. 5o4ne Email I ydrophobic nignal rnolewles, hy diHuse acres-s the iargetceIrspl.wma MIX-3 Fle a nd 21C I eraymes or hild iniracellular nxeptors--eiiher rr ihe cyke,o1 -shown) or in ihe nucleuE.
FIGUELE72
Crl urin-s. ra-mpLorf rocoroix& ooly.rpoiric molocul4..Signalmolcruks will hind an IF ra ch Lac is I wish a sh3ric info r.hi ih,7 co, 11 r ins BIT. i pl 3..i no rsrcp ro- r F i ro

A-Pada membran sel : mol larut air i.e.

neurotransmiter & hormon peptida,GroF

B-balam sel : Sinyal hormon yang larut

lemak (steroid spt estrogen, progesteron, testosteron), asam retinoat,Vit b, gas NO

1)dalam sitoplasma 2)dalam inti sel

2005,RRE/AB,SITH ITB

2005,RRE/AB,SITH ITB

Aktivasi Reseptor pada permukaan sel

4 kelompok reseptor :
1.

Reseptor terikat protein 6 (> 100)

Ligand - reseptor 4 aktifasi protein 6 4 aktivasi/hambat suatu enzim 4 mengaktivasi ion channel atau second messenger. Contoh : reseptor untuk epinefrin (B-adrenergic), serotonin, glukagon
2.

reseptor ion channel

Ligand - reseptor 4 perubahan konformasi reseptor 4 aliran ion tertentu (K,Na,Ca,CI4 ubah potensial elektris pada membran sel. eg reseptor asetilkolin
3.

reseptor yang berikatan dengan tirosin kinase

Reseptor tidak memiliki aktivitas katalitik. Ligand - reseptor 4 stimulasi dimerisasi reseptor 4 interaksi dengan protein tirosin kinase pada sitosol. Contoh : faktor tumbuh
4.

Reseptor yang memiliki aktivitas enzimatik intrinsik

Reseptor memiliki aktivitas katalitik intrinsik. Ligand - reseptor 4 katalisasi GTP 4 cGMP atau berperan sebagai protein fosfatase 4 mengkatalisasi pelepasan fosfat dari dari fosfotirosin

(reseptor tiftdiFiEkiii&M).1-16ontoh : reseptor insulin

Penyampaian sinyal/informasi ke dalam sel

RECEPTORPROTEIN

EXTR ACELL UIARCIGNALry1OLECULE

INTRACELLULNRCIGNALINGPR CTEI
TARGET PROTEINS
me talxligene regulatory cytoskele enzyme proteinprotein

altered metabolism

sharedgene eNpressio n alteredcell shape or m'Atemant

Sinyal disampaikan ke sel target melalui molekul intrasel dal-am

Inisiasi
-

Sinyal berikatan dengan reseptor /ligan : "Enzyme-linked" & Protein G Sinyal4 ligand 5 transformasi sinyal ke morekul lain :"second messenger": C-AMP & Calcium

Amplifikasi
-

Amplifikasi sinyal yang diterima:"cascades"protein kinase bistribusi sinyal untuk pengaruhi beberapa efek secara paralel

2005,RRE/AB,SITH ITB

i d NA Lod cc am 1:4ai ci G r. r=1

Ncli

q NI g I rn-:-

ul

'en a-al PK+.

J{ V I FEL ph -:- ph 1:4-1,4 km,E1

r. riqu I1-3 ry rop-I mr.

Frei

nr
D

TIO N

N LK U

Talk 16-4 Sant Respordes Pikdigikd b.) .

Pl mpholipirse C Aciiiratkin
WOLECULE TARaET TISSUE

VD:whin la roh turroxpO kgiyktritK. kgykkitg.

ThEintin I

Ilya!
p 3r):

M wadi rrn ixcl

ic

Foldy lc

in:yrroa
F isu re 1G-24 A
lo i he

ri&e in intrallular officlk .15111111:' c-an grit tron-scriplion.

imini? of a InK.Imonenets mil ler ieceplor can lead to of aclen yl cyclaSe and a intracellular cyclic MelF! In the cylcc.:.I.

cyclic X.F.13 21C I ivate-3 M.A. which !hen rrr:ore 3 ink the nucle-u-s and phcrsphory later specilk ne regulatory ppateins-. Once Incc-phory la led. these- pcoleint-stimula IFee transcription al a -sei ul st-re-r.. This lype- oF Agnaing pathway controls many pm.ce-rz-e-s ransin:g 1011-1 FIcimone Eynthesit% in endocrine- cells lc. the pp:duclion oF irrrol %Red in lns-teirn memory Ine Aclirated

can -also pIncc-pl-r:cy

la

le and !hereby

legula le- ol her p-oteint-- and era ynnes lhe cylccA g:a-s in dicalecl by th e 1' .e-r

Table 16-2 xnt Hormont-inductd it IRt 11) Y Mtdiabtd bv Cyclic AMP

E KIRdiCE L LLIA R SI GN AL 1.1 0 LEC LL E I ..d pm !Inc. ..d Po 3IInc. Ad pn 31 kw, ACT H,
-ELK at:41

ACTH In c mos:. In hen nu nd I an rxdan &ago Im2k.Ixern L] I Ii kdmn cor I sol roman t5J hough a I Dr re diva I ma !Erni ps. Is al I-61 DIV
he.11110M ECIIT6' nnimsgs ED km 120:41% brri la l'AIPIrilEnkRIS a 19 ati) mai d ty

cycl k ANF:

Respon sel terhadap sinyal

Kelenj ar ludak

Lot 1 =Lung
Kontnami

ABotilkolin
I I ,ccoC11,CHNIC1-1,
g

Peattransn kecepatan dan Itntraksi otot

C

s p D p t o t i c cel I

A.

1 sinyal 4 1 tipe reseptor aneka efek pada berbagai sel bentuk sel, pergerakan, metabolisme, ekspresi gen

B.

Setiap sel punya beraneka ragam reseptor spesifik untuk aneka sinyal sel memberi respon 4 misalkan efek untuk kelulusan hidup & diferensiasi
2005,RRE/AB,SITH ITB

Langkah - langkah komunikasi

Sintesa molekul sinyal oleh sel yang memberi sinyal Pelepasan molekul sinyal oleh sel yang memberi sinyal Transpor sinyal oleh sel target Pen9ikatan sinyal oleh reseptor spesifik yang menyebabkan aktivasi reseptor tersebut Inisiasi satu atau lebih jalur transduksi sinyal intrasel Perubahan spesifik fungsi, metabolisme, atau perkembangan sel

Pembuangan sinyal yang mengakhiri respon sel

2005,RRE/AB,SITH ITB

__,,._____----CELL TARGET
(

01

t ---------,'

Receptor protein Cellular response: activation of a gene and synthesis of new protein New protein Steroid hormone

ANIMASI :

to

Steroid hormones bind

intracellular receptors
- The steroid-receptor
complex binds to DNA,

turning specific genes on or off (receptor act as gene regulator)

In this example, a new

Other: act as Enzymes, eg.NOguanylyl cyclase-catalyze synthesis. of GMP

2005,RRE/AB,SITH ITB

protein is synthesized

(1)

A hormone binds to a receptor

protein in the plasma membrane (1) The receptor protein activates a signs
I Hormone (epinephrine) RECEPTOR PROTEIN

TARGET CELL

Plasma membrane

I----------

transduction pathway in the cell

(1)

A series of relay molecules

transmits the signal to a protein that carries out the cell's

morn rams
%yi

xrla I d.C41'.4iis44.i4449br
cic" (b) p trAve

por,Key ,
,, Ad
'

Signal and 4.CUI; I C.01 AIM* W4pX

APAZ/

-_
Ftr:1:61 paw C

1.-

roltr C5100-7-411

-,11./L'IlL51
'

4
.--- 51

,7i. di "44TMI-III .
VII

-.=._

* 1 i&

. Fl

'1 pftdan
lit
C41

.....1--hylol

1 Iispke,ph al 4.

Hud 446

-' rgii t4 am. L,.

Relay molecules

Signal - transduction pathway

(in this example, glycogen breakdown)

Cellular response

naun

aLmangirm rcrcror Linalm 133 a mignal 3nglihnmoh 3 C.prarrin, mvrrvchcmcnhrits.bomdcvymc. daulyd4claLThiarmtiincoy.JtizachcrirE ii.of r ti1P,whkfr kin& aothe cola chc .:166r i'LL:Th %lb:6m p:Elm3y. An cor3...clImbr rci=pixf Enka c 3nd. 3n.xhcr C rakloc..1croyinc phomphdipac C. Mil cnrynczciiinisci. ikK pmgluccic.n irmic.1 'did" linelo CO 3nel or ro colduoi .A11111{11 in ihr mirink.rarE cl.E nnekplmiir roiruhm. C3 dfr ...lino

Senyawa yang berikatan dengan reseptor membran

- neurotransmitters yang bersifat induktif : acetylcholine, glutamate, serotonin. -- Inhibitory neurotransmitters: GABA, glycine - Obat: Valium and Prozac mempengaruhi levels atau sensitivitas neurotransmitter - Neurotoxins, snake venoms, curare, and strychnine dapat mem blok signal neurotransmitter
Table 16-2 Some Substances That Mimic Natural Signal Molecules

MIMIC

SIGNAL MOLECULE

RECEPTOR ACTION

EFFECT

Valium and barbiturates y-aminobutyric acid (GABA)stimulate GABA-activated relief of anxiety; sedation ion-channellinked receptors acetylcholine stimulates acetylcholine-activated ion-channellinked receptors endorphins and enkephalinsstimulate G-proteinlinked opiate receptors acetylcholine inhibits acetylcholine-activated ion-channellinked receptors glycine blocks glycine-activated

ion-channellinked receptors Nicotine Morphine and heroin Curare Strychnine constriction of blood vessels; elevation of blood pressure analgesia (relief of pain); euphoria blockage of neuromuscular transmission, resulting in paralysis seizures and muscle spasm

I
2005,RRE/AB,SITH ITB

Cell surface proteins mediate cell-cell interactions.

Cell 5 Jaringan : misal darah dan otot

Emory- call coacolnx a Jpciin arryo1rArle4 r prouia. on ic.P furkoc Tliama ma rkan id4aciFy4scli ryp4 cacti! is a -ms 7 p r4 tha w zy.

FICURE7.14 ir um, ri of dn. imuixtlobulio F.:Lily oicill iurfk:a surkir Fain. T 3rEl E all rusFica kip richrt chs irrrnurc rapmE in orEprirra by nsq3nOin!mi kindriBN kaign oil rrcrkaz MEE NI ciBcm 131x1 allz 3:c 'Klf.' m chz clic inminc Flicrn 3 MIAS anIF irrradingcrtib, luch E. Ixrixii rim; rd ilanllysisn Lim all of IrriThrial arBril!

2005,RRE/AB,SITH ITB

Tiap sel memiliki molekul marker : menentukan identitas "cell-tissue specific", sehingga sel lain yang kontak dapat mengenali marker tersebut. Macam marker :

1.

Glikolipid : umum pada permukaan sel, mis: gol.darah Protein "Majorhistocompatibility complex"(MHC) untuk membedakan "self" dengan "non-self",eg. imunoglobulin

2.

Adhesi antar sel pada jaringan dan matrik : "Cell Junction"

Tiga kelompok cell junction: 1. occluding junctions: i.e. tight junctions 4 hanya vertebrate anchoring junctions A - berikatan dengan filamin aktin i. sel-sel - (mis. Adhesion belts) i. sel-ECM - (mis. focal contacts)
2.

FECLIELE7. L.

2005,RRE/AB,SITH ITBTin clina 9,Fa.p of rill junccionr. Than chrcc int-ichrcprvsni ..irrcnc chinkinEi an hvo. an luncurn of the cErcc mkt i!.pci. af rdl junakro. laciicsc chOr funaim: (r) OBI% nacbn; (6) 3nchuring juscion; 6.) rprimmnicnino junccian.

B. -berikatan dengan filamen intermediat i. sel-sel (desmosom) i. sel-matriks (hemidesmosom) 3. Communicating junction Gap junctions Chemical synapses Plasmodesmata (pada tumbuhan)
LuTpiin

a. b. a.

lowialAitliiliit,.
,..

htimilkiar Tram-Anal:4mA Prtnadal 4 411 Amino! kiktig prokdre. k. PIZ na

MCC

Magna rwritcri 6

ib)ArmhortiEll

(a)

is i no

luidl on

Tight junctions : menghubungkan mbr plasma sel yg bersebelahan 1. barier selektif permeabilitas:mempertahankan perbedaan komposisi cairan pada sisi sel yang berbeda 1. transmembran protein : claudin & ocludin 2. fungsi : -Men jags komposisi seny. dlm rongga saluran / lumen -Transport nutrisi secara selektif Tight junction antara sel epitel berperan untuk mencegah difusi : 1. barrier untuk difusi protein membr antara domain apical dan membran basolateral

BLOOD

2. mencegah kebocoran

P.1

molekul larut air

tight j u n c t i o n

plasma membranes of adjacent cells intercellular passive4glucose carrie protein basoleteral s u r f a c e LOW LOW
space

2005,RRE/AB,SITH ITB
Figure 19-2 The role of tight junctions in transcellular transport. Transport proteins are confined

to different regions of the plasma membrane in epithelial cells of the small intestine. This segregation permits a vectorial transfer of nutrients across the epithelial sheet from the gut lumen to the blood. In the example shown, glucose is actively transported into the cell by Na*-driven glucose symports at the apical surface, and it diffuses out of the cell by facilitated diffusion mediated by glucose carriers in the basolateral membrane. Tight junctions are thought to confine the transport proteins to their appropriate membrane domains by acting as diffusion barriers within the lipid bilayer of the plasma membrane; these junctions also block the backflow of glucose from the basal side of the epithelium into the gut

B LO O D

Anchoring junctions :
1. 2.

banyak pada sel yang mendapatkan stress mekanik ie.kulit/otot menghubungkan sitoskelet sel dengan sel lain atau dengan ECM
1. 2. 3.

Ada 3 jenis :
Adherens junctions 4 Filamen aktin besmosom 4 filamen intermediate Hemidesmosom

cy to skel eta l fi l a men ts anchoring junctions

Figure 19-6 Anchoring junctions in an epithelial tissue. Highly schematized

extracellular matrix

drawing of how such junctions join cytoskeletal filaments from cell to cell and from cell to extracellular matrix.

2005,RRE/AB,SITH ITB actin filaments inside microvillus

microvilli extending from apical surface tight junction bundle of actin filaments lateral plasma membranes of adjacent epithelial cells

Figure 19-8 Adhesion belts between epithelial cells in the small intestine. This beltlike anchoring junction encircles each of the interacting cells. Its most obvious feature is a contractile bundle of actin filaments running along the cytoplasmic surface of the junctional plasma membrane. The actin filaments are joined from cell to cell by transmembrane linker proteins (cadherins), whose extracellular domain hinds to the extracellular domain of an identical cadherin molecule on the adjacent cell (see Figure 19-7).

F igure 7,17 burst Hdhulioniare litemwheNcelk adlieNto likilimkgraiLlib.10

veil hNS liecii rtaiuod wish . iluureoeentantibudiamrevealIl1101460iI 1k Mill li1S111.itrr4y.grtcn) and dic integnm (real.The Luepiniareb , Plized in small pighen (hit wtopundlu the ritc of roalli, herionni (h/The cyroplarmic surlace my lined 4betionkie oliwd ophibim crll isdrown here hrihe innereinfraell the membrane wir rinirpidaninen,deinp.eniinely r k. bundles of nibsolibinaema are gen ronaaarinieteik ik inner surface of Me menihme in the regien nja Swat inbinkr (al Salicimilindrawimr of

Aniq 11)e limric. (oh ofirogriPglvhorawItlfulhrrprotciornnbothIdern the lipid

thigIldhsion

biluyer, The binding of mmelbdui bolik yell ONFII Alld itrunectin, is lhoughr indua changes bi the ryillaninie CIMINIM1/ of the inkgrin that egg. the inregrinr to become linked rri pplig 56111Mh orrhcey. hq,bdrob. Linkages with Ilic,...ycolikelekon lead, ;II NMI, ED lb ElthRling 11111141t11 MAI Linbagrr with thery tuskeleton arc rn eclided by Yariaila da6n hbuf qk rokba.,01 as olio and a,laioin,tbalbind in Ili b ednnlildlhrlmrpM The eytor 'amnia domain, ntegrinsareahuassk'ialedwlh ed FA UivalioikinauJ.'I'heat .The rachirenronrhe inreArin In yn tNifoolbild bgaud can dicit pmtcin k oases and start o chin rpo rant that tannin

gignolo 1114.414;ct11, !Pia IMAM IMM1111004

CIIES SI. di,Mhy 1997;s:110MS.011'1.1./* MI1141111 III). tlI 1/101..112:4fli, iii,i;NPPIVIIIII.1:1011w lbirtssit tenet,.) fht,J.CR 111.Ru:unlit

Cy10901 iransmilied 1n Ilk nunieuri

Adherens junctions

adherens junctions sel/ sel : adhesion belt/zonula adherens - dekat ujung apeks sel, di bawah tight junctions, Filamen : aktin - protein pengikat trans membran : cadherin4mol. adhesi bergantung Ca2+ : gen yg mengatur "nasib" sel - protein pelekatan intracellular: catenin, vinculin, aactinin, platoglobin

distribution of desmosomrs and hemIdesmounues In iheltrahllrilint. he keratin Olarnrnl IICIWOrki of ildireerb contreered rra one anolhcr hrough dinrnsisurrinS rains ititiniKb k7unudvsnifiNdEneS. MAI

adherens junctions sel / matriks: Focal contacts/adhesion plaques - protein pengikat trans membr: integrin(>20) - protein pelekatan intraselular: talin,a-actinin, vinculin - Filamen : aktin
2005,RRE/AB,SITH ITB

Plaque containing protein plectin Cytoplasm Plasma membrane BP18O Intermediate filaments

#11 IF;#11(100:411h.111)11.111,17! ExtracellularALIVA WAN7:41,-)

space

Basement membrane Anchoring filament (Laminin-5) b)

101

Collagen fibers Type VII Collagen fibrils

Figure 7.18 Hemidesmosomes are differentiated sites at the basal surfaces of epithelial cells where the cells are attached to the underlying basement membrane. (a) Electron micrograph of several hemidesmosomes showing the dense plaque on the inner surface of the plasma membrane and the intermediate filaments projecting into the cytoplasm. (b) Schematic diagram showing the major components of a hemidesmosome connecting the epidermis to the underlying dermis. The ot,p,

integrin molecules of the epidermal cells are linked to cytoplasmic intermediate filaments by a protein called plectin that is present in the dark-staining plaque and to the basement membrane by anchoring filaments of a particular type of laminin. A second transmembrane protein (8P180) is also present in hemidesmosomes. The collagen fibers arc part of the underlying dermis. (A:
FROM DOUGLAS E. KELLY, J. CELL BIOL. 28:51, 1966; BY COPYRIGHT nILMJSSION OF THE ROCKEFELLER UNIVERSITY PRESS.)

besmosom hemidesmosom: menarik dan mengikat sangat kuat penyebaran tekanan melalui epitel ke ECM di bawahnya 2.besmosorn: sel - sel , - anchoring sites untuk filamen intermediate - trans membr linker protein: cadherin 3.Hemidesmosorn:sel- ECM - Filamen intermediate : keratin - Transmembran protein : integrin

2005,RRE/AB,SITH ITB

( a ) I n t h i s m o d e l . a gap junction is a cluster of channels between two plasma membranes that are separated by a gap of about 2-3 nm. (b) B o t h m e m b r a n e s c o n t a i n c o n n e x i o n n e r n i c h a n n e l s , c y l i n d e r s o f six dumbbell-shaped connexin subunits. (c1 Each connexin subunit has four transroembrane ay- helices Two connexons join in the gap between the cells to form a gap-junction channel. 1.5 2.0 nm in diameter.
.a FIGURE 22-8 Structure of gap junctions.

itar

that connects the cytoplasm of the two cells.

eb}

F i g r u 7 . 4 . T h e L a c a l i z a t i c n i o f e a t l h e i r i n s i n s y n a l p r i c j i a t i c t-i tts- (ea) D ne tech n:..gtie to localize a protein thin a seheel1Llar region is to incubate tissue sections with labeled an rihndies !prepared a_gair -i,t that protein_ In this electron rraicr -oK-rapEt. a section through a s -saapse in a mouse brain has been incubated antibodies Chlack grains) a h,ar bind ro a praecadherin. The protocadhe ri Locali,ed within the central region of the si.tiaptie Kinction. (A) _A. model ofa syriapific in -whack-, classical cadherifly-hi ck contain five extracellnlat -mains) are situated at the edges of the s. -napse where they -are tlaouerht to pro-..ide adhesion herween the nne-- and po.ts1tiap6r. membranes_ Protric ad ben (-which contain six eiciracellulae mains) are present in the center of the synapse chew are El-Nonni-it to nne--diate speeifielev - in the interaction between the rwo rare NICILECC7,31 r rr r 171
-

xu flint rv -r, 11-7

Communicating Junctions : komunikasi sitoplasma Iangsung dgn sel sek Gap junctions : antara sel-sel

- transmembran protein: connexon4tdr atas 6 connexin - dapat dilalui oleh ion anorganik dan molekul larut air < 1000 ba, mis.gula sederhana, as amino - menyampaikan sinyal elektris dan kimiawi : mis kerusakan sel & sinaps Pd tumbuhan : plasmodesmata
Synaptic junction

- sel saraf - diperantarai oleh protocadherin

2005,RRE/AB,SITH ITB

Summary : Junction eit non junction

Figlirp, 1 4-2R A summary

of the

1111.111.12.0.411_
integral membrane proteoglycan integrins d e s m o s o m e (cadherins}

HESION

1 gap junction i c o n n e x i n s ) h e m i d e s r n o s o m e f o c a l c o n t a c t (fritegrins) (integrins) intermediate filam en ts

2005,RRE/AB,SITH ITB

j u n c t i o n a l a n d n o n j u n c t i o n a l adhesive mechanisms used by animal cells in binding to one another and to the extracellular matrix.
The junctional mechanisms are shown in epithelial cells, while the nonjunctional mechanisms are shown in nonepithelial cells. A junctional interaction is operationally defined as one that can be seen as a specialized region of contact by conventional and/or freeze-fracture electron microscopy. Note that the integrins and cadherins are involved in both nonjunctional and junctional cell-cell (cadherins) and cell-matrix (integrins) contacts. The cadherins generally mediate homophilic interactions, whereas the integrins mediate heterophilic interactions (see Figure 19-26). Both the cadherins and integrins act as transmembrane linkers and depend on extracellular divalent cations to function; for this reason, most cell-cell and cell-matrix contacts are divalent-cationdependent. The selectins and integrins can also act as heterophilic cell-cell adhesion molecules: the selectins bind to carbohydrate, while the cellbinding integrins bind to members of the immunoglobulin superfamily. The integrins and integral membrane proteoglycans that mediate nonjunctional adhesion to the extracellular matrix are discussed later.

Extracellullar matrix

Lamm Proteoglycan F ibronectin

P atI)))

tpilipi

.1

; :iggiiiNisiononsintoF4omiriiii,Zsl
;

elk. ono"

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;
1

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1 1

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es 111, 111

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li 1 .

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es,

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=1.11

Figure 7.5 An overview of the macromolecular organization oldie extracellular matrix. The proteins and polysaccharides shown m this illustration will he discussed in the following sections. The proteins depicted (tihroneetin, collagen, and lamirin) contain binding sites the one another, as well as binding silo ft receptors (integrins) that are located at the cell surface. The pro teoglvcans are huge protein-polysaccharide completes that N. copy much of the volume of the extracellular space.

suatu matriks di luar sel yang berbatasan dengan membran plasma. materi pengemas yang inert ECM eg. Tendon, tulang lunak, stroma kornea

berperan dalam menentukan bentuk dan aktivitas sel. mempertahankan kondisi sel yang telah terdiferensiasi dan mempertahankan kemampuan sel untuk menghasilkan produknya

2005,RRE/AB,SITH ITB

Basal membran (BM):

Laminin
Entestin A FIGURE 22-20 Model of the

basal lamina. P. D. Yurchenco and J C Schittny, 1990, FASO J. 4: 1577-15901

(EP MUAda iat Epithelial sheer LUMEN Basal lamina Connective ties Lie Connective tisane Basal lemMa Epithelial cell a membrane Basal laming Lel Kidney glomarulue BL000 URINE

Muscle cell Plasm

Endothelial eel

A FIGURE 22.21 Organization of the basal lamina in different tissues.

la, bi The basal laminae associated with endothelial cells and muscle cells separate these cells from the underlying or surrounding connective tissue_ (c) In the kidney gLernerulus, both the endothelium lining the capillanes and the epithelium lining the urinary space form a basal lamina. Thus the fused basal

lamina between them is about twice as thick as that in other tissues. Because both cell sheets have gaps in them, this basal lamina is exposed to both the blood and the urine apexes and acts to filter capillary blood, forming in the urinary space a filtrate that ultimately becomes wine. Adapted from B Alberts at al., 1994, Molecular Biology of the Cell, 3d ad, Garland. p 9091

Mengelilingi sel otot dan sel lemak & di bawah jar. epitel, serta sel-sel endotelium

tempat pelekatan sel; substrat untuk migrasi sel membatasi jaringan dalam

suatu organ, sebagai suatu barier makromolekul & untuk invasi sel ke suatu jaringan

2005,RRE/AB,SITH ITB