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Outline
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1.
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2.
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2.
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2.
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Outline
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Qd = f(P)
P Qd
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A
1
700
B
2
600
C
3
500
D
4
400
E
5
300
F
6
200
G
7
100
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Qd = P , , > 0
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Qd = P , , > 0
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Outline
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Qs = f(P)
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A
2
0
B
3
200
C
4
400
D
5
600
E
6
800
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Qs = + P , , > 0
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Qs = + P , , > 0
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Outline
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Outline
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Qd = P
s
Q = + P
Qd = Qs
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d
Q = 800 100P
Qs = 400 + 200P
d
Q = Qs
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d
Q = 800 100P
Qs = 400 + 200P
d
Q = Qs
800 100P = 400 + 200P
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d
Q = 800 100P
Qs = 400 + 200P
d
Q = Qs
800 100P = 400 + 200P
=4
P
{
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d
Q = 1100 100P
Qs = 400 + 200P
d
Q = Qs
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d
Q = 1100 100P
Qs = 400 + 200P
d
Q = Qs
1100 100P = 400 + 200P
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d
Q = 1100 100P
Qs = 400 + 200P
d
Q = Qs
1100 100P = 400 + 200P
=5
P
{
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d
Q = 800 100P
Qs = 700 + 200P
d
Q = Qs
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d
Q = 800 100P
Qs = 700 + 200P
d
Q = Qs
800 100P = 700 + 200P
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d
Q = 800 100P
Qs = 700 + 200P
d
Q = Qs
800 100P = 700 + 200P
=5
P
{
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Outline
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1%
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1%
X Y:Y = f(X)
e=
Y
Y
X
X
Y X
X Y
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1%
X Y:Y = f(X)
e=
Y
Y
X
X
Y X
X Y
e=
Y
Y
x,y0 X
X
lim
dY X
dX Y
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= -
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= Q
Q
ed = P
=
P
Q P
Q P
dQ P
; ed = lim
=
0
P Q
P Q
dP Q
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()
P
6
5
Q d=2400-400P
3
2
1
400
800
1200
1600
2000
2400
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()
P
6
5
Q d=2400-400P
3
2
1
400
800
1200
1600
2000
2400
ed = Q
P
P
Q
a
= QPbb Q
Pa
Pa
Qa
= 800400
45
5
400
=5
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()
P
6
5
Q d=2400-400P
3
2
1
400
800
1200
1600
2000
2400
ed = Q
P
P
Q
a
= QPbb Q
Pa
Pa
Qa
= 800400
45
5
400
=5
Pb
Qb
= 400800
54
4
800
=2
ed = Q
P
P
Q
b
= QPaa Q
Pb
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()
P Q
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()
P Q
ed =
Pa +Pb
2
Qa +Qb
2
400
5+4
2
400+800
2
=3
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e>1
e<1
!"#$
()#$
e=1 *+#$
A
B
Q=f(P)
Q=f(P)
Q=f(P)
%&#$
%&'#$
Q=f(P)
Q=f(P)
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()
Qd = 2400 400P
P
P
P
ed = dQ
dP Q = (400) Q = 400 Q
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()
Qd = 2400 400P
P
P
P
ed = dQ
dP Q = (400) Q = 400 Q
A
P
5
ed = 400 Q
= 400 400
=5
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()
Qd = 2400 400P
P
P
P
ed = dQ
dP Q = (400) Q = 400 Q
A
P
5
ed = 400 Q
= 400 400
=5
B
P
4
ed = 400 Q
= 400 800
=2
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Qd = f(P)
AB C
A
F
C
Q d= f ( P )
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Qd = f(P)
AB C
C
P
GB CG
ed = dQ
dP Q = CG OG =
GB
CB
FO
OG = AC = AF
A
F
C
Q d= f ( P )
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Qd = f(P)
AB C
e d =
C
P
GB CG
ed = dQ
dP Q = CG OG =
GB
CB
FO
OG = AC = AF
e d> 1
Q d= f ( P )
e d =1
e d <1
e d =0
B
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O
, Department of Economics Tianjin University of Finance & Economics
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P
A
O
, Department of Economics Tianjin University of Finance & Economics
Q
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P
A
Q
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ed > 1
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ed > 1
ed < 1
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ed > 1
ed < 1
ed = 1
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ed > 1
ed = 1
ed < 1
ed = 0
ed =
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es =
Q P
Q / P
Q
P
P
Q
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es =
Q P
Q / P
es =
Q
P
Q
P
P
Q
P1 +P2 Q1 +Q2
2 /
2
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es =
Q P
Q / P
es =
Q
P
es =
dQ dP
Q / P
Q
P
P
Q
P1 +P2 Q1 +Q2
2 /
2
dQ
dP
P
Q
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P
F
A
Qs=-2000+1000P
C
-2000
-1000
1000
A es =
2000
dQ P
dP Q
3000
4000
CB
AB
AB
OB
5000
CB
OB
= 1.67
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e s>1
C
0
e s<1
P
e s=1
P
e s=
, Department of Economics Tianjin University of Finance & Economics
e s=0
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P
S
o
, Department of Economics Tianjin University of Finance & Economics
Q
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P
S
Q
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X PY
QdX = f(PY ), eXY = Q
QX / PY
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X PY
QdX = f(PY ), eXY = Q
QX / PY
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X PY
QdX = f(PY ), eXY = Q
QX / PY
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X PY
QdX = f(PY ), eXY = Q
QX / PY
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M
Q = f(M), eM = Q
Q / M
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M
Q = f(M), eM = Q
Q / M
eM > 0
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M
Q = f(M), eM = Q
Q / M
eM > 0
eM > 1
eM < 1
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M
Q = f(M), eM = Q
Q / M
eM > 0
eM > 1
eM < 1
eM < 0
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M
Q = f(M), eM = Q
Q / M
eM > 0
eM > 1
eM < 1
eM < 0
:
:
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S0
P0
D0
Q0
, Department of Economics Tianjin University of Finance & Economics
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S0
P0
D0
Q0
, Department of Economics Tianjin University of Finance & Economics
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S0
P0
D0
Q0
, Department of Economics Tianjin University of Finance & Economics
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S0
P0
D0
Q0
, Department of Economics Tianjin University of Finance & Economics
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S0
P0
D0
Q0
, Department of Economics Tianjin University of Finance & Economics
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S0
P0
D0
Q0
, Department of Economics Tianjin University of Finance & Economics
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S0
P0
D0
Q0
, Department of Economics Tianjin University of Finance & Economics
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S0
P0
D0
Q0
, Department of Economics Tianjin University of Finance & Economics
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P
S1
S0
P0
D0
Q0
, Department of Economics Tianjin University of Finance & Economics
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P
S1
S0
P0
D0
Q0
, Department of Economics Tianjin University of Finance & Economics
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P
S1
S0
P1
P0
D0
Q1 Q0
, Department of Economics Tianjin University of Finance & Economics
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P
S1
S0
P1
P0
Ps
D0
Q1 Q0
, Department of Economics Tianjin University of Finance & Economics
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P
S1
S0
P1
P0
Ps
D0
Q1 Q0
, Department of Economics Tianjin University of Finance & Economics
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P
S1
S0
P1
P0
Ps
D0
Q1 Q0
, Department of Economics Tianjin University of Finance & Economics
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St
St
Pt
S
Pt
P0
De
P0
Pf
Pf
Di
Qt
Q0
Qt Q0
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St
St
Pt
Pt
P0
P0
Pf
Pf
D
Qt Q0
Qt Q0
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S1
S1
S0
P1
P0
S0
P0
Q1
Q0
Q0
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P1
P0
S
P0
D0
Q0
Q1
D0
D1
D1
Q0
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Ds
$4 $6
40
38
15
$6
$4
DL
15
38 40
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$10 $20
100 120
200
SL
$20
$10
100 120
200
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TR = P Q
Q P :Q = f(P)
dTR
dP
(
)
dTR
dQ
P dQ
=Q+P
=Q+Q
= Q + Q(ed ) = Q(1 ed )
dP
dP
Q dP
1 ed > 0 dTR
dP > 0
1 ed = 0 dTR
dP = 0
1 ed < 0 dTR
dP < 0
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