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2012

Taiwan Watch 56

2012Vol.14 No.4

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A
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2
0
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34020
2012
02-29357651
19247841
005-001-122594

Taiwan Watch
website: http://www.taiwanwatch.org.tw

2012144

16

2
3

Contents

Taiwan Watch

51

29

54

38

Jonathan M. Harris

Anders Nordgren

Taiwan Watch Vol.14, No.4 / Winter, 2012

!!

71316
20103
21
2.3

1989

BOT

16

16

kudumomo from everystockphoto.com

2006


BOT

201287

Taiwan Watch Vol.14, No.4 / Winter, 2012

11

17

13
1/5

50-60

4-10
15

1991
1993

711

Taiwan Watch Vol.14, No.4 / Winter, 2012

12

OSPAR 2008

......

.......

externality

10
50%2002-2007
20/

12002

155

13688

2005

Wallasea

Wallasea

141http: //
discover.news.163.com/
special/landreclamation/
2

http://www.actasc.cn/
hjkxxb/ch/reader/view_
abstract.aspx?file_
no=20030311&ag=1

Taiwan Watch Vol.14, No.4 / Winter, 2012

gogoloopie from everystockphoto.com

134/

http://www.wetland.
org.tw/about/hope/
hope68/68-5.html

Royal Society for the Protection

of Birds, RSPB

201049

9.5

()

2005
35

Nakheel

Maasvlakte 2

PM10


100
1,200

1/3
19451975

11.8

9,0003,000

7,000

311

31%

OSPAR Commission,
Assessment of the
environmental impact
of land reclamation,
2008. http:// qsr2010.
o s p a r. o r g / m e d i a /
assessments/p00368_
Land_Reclamation.pdf

h t t p : / / w w w. s i n a .
com.cn 20060821
17:41

58%5

52%

2011918
2

19451978

3.9

2000

1981

Taiwan Watch Vol.14, No.4 / Winter, 2012

Jurong Island

1,416

60%

10

1999
6

160

Riau island

400

Shell


2 0 11 5 8
http://ol.mingpao.
com/cfm/style5.
cfm?File=20110508/
sta13/vzc2.txt

40%

Coral Triangle

350

TCLP

11

449-800/

19

19

30

Taiwan Watch Vol.14, No.4 / Winter, 2012

1990

2010

12

12

7.07.5
8.5

61

13

-15 m

-20
m

Taiwan Watch Vol.14, No.4 / Winter, 2012

emrank

2006
8652009
2011
859
43%

14

67%

Next

Industrial Revolution

VINTAGE UK

Michael Braungart
Taiwan Watch Vol.14, No.4 / Winter, 2012

15

16

100
0.427

http://
www.taiwanwatch.
org.tw/epaper/
20120805sealandfill.
pdf

2 0 11

40.40%
10.74%1.06%
47.8%

11~13
5~600
2,000
3

10-20%

A
B

A. 1953-78 /
1
B. 59.7-82.5/31.9
-57.2 25-30
C. 98
/

CD

D.

95-125

/
850%
E. 246-545
/

Taiwan Watch Vol.14, No.4 / Winter, 2012

17

A19
D
53-78

201130
1.59%
2

18

8.8%
0.3%13%
9.6%

98D

CD

1,0611,210

2. 2011

50%95-125

2011

()

()

(%)

59,845

4,450,283

1.34

88,838

4,783,164

1.85

78,215

4,981,546

1.57

80,933

5,051,493

1.6

307,231

19,266,486

1.59

3
E

5
2,691-4,041

200-

yunchia

500/350
/


E
30B
90-120E
305-384/

1.19/

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

2010
()

D-0403

3,122

D-0499

27,103

D-0501

4,161

D-0901

120,733 139,101 123,053 72,949

D-0902

3,453

3,468

2,338

6,921

7,922

22,609

19,693

18,198

25,323

44,606

4,738

4,671

3,572

9,106

43,616

53,810

372,480

207,908 198,667 167,687 101,073 97,948

995,351

D-0999

170,194 112,844 108,568 110,447 51,844

131,191

D-1001

(
)

12,691

11,350

12,331

11,921

8,896

16,666

D-1099

18,028

21,619

19,872

10,898

9,559

227,148

D-1101

3,762

4,845

4,033

3,127

2,289

4,188

D-1103

23,662

20,333

20,876

14,168

16,353

3,188

D-1199

4,864

4,603

4,499

1,802

1,829

96,569

D-1201

( 12,731
)

3,366

3,777

3,808

11,451

13,765

D-1202

20,344

9,499

9,548

5,681

5,309

28,083

D-1203

794

1,158

1,212

784

498

635

D-1204

544
()

826

2,004

3,408

2,327

2,342

D-1299

2,452

2,570

5,148

38,100

1,577

76,268

D-2001

44,451

131

4,422

4,943

5,409

6,804

D-2002

98,610

95,662

94,597

204,783 202,512 9,961

D-2003

5,436

14,452

12,800

18,799

19

82%

19,077

781,590 671,826 622,259 630,799 532,038 2,080,783

Taiwan Watch Vol.14, No.4 / Winter, 2012

19

20

AD

AD

yunchia

1,600

pH

2010
273151
505

1,772

3.

46-55.3
17.5-28.5
0.1
3.19-7.84 % 6.20-6.68%
7.10%
269-355
47.2-52.0
2.39/5.43 6
1.80-16.6 60
3830-3920
676-830
5
246-266
47.6-65.5
ND/0.45
0.06
ND-0.42 20
5
11.3-13.5
65.2-90.3
8
146-169
623-807
7553/7760 100
20.5-170 250
390-530
1560-2110 37.13/166 20
11.1-92.6 400
200
59.1-65.0
9.1-9.7
0.86/<0.41 0.03
0.01-1.39 20
5
1.50-1.67
0.45-0.71
0.07
14-26
100-181
2
3200-4320
2090-2860 6.64/21.5 10
17.2-84.8 2000
500
6.7-11.2
<2.52
0.2
470-630
300-410
10
2.85-3.21
4.31-4.86
5
3300-6300
7500-18100
5000
27-36
46-137
100
13360-13490 6610-6790 191.7/244 50
40.7-159 2000
600
51.24/45
0.9-72.3
200

2010 4
25

mg/kg (ppm)

Taiwan Watch Vol.14, No.4 / Winter, 2012

21

52.43%

yunchia

22

90%

10%

50%

90%

400-

31

600

PVC

23

PVC

PVC

Taiwan Watch Vol.14, No.4 / Winter, 2012

yunchia

800-1000

4.

24

0.01mg/l

15mg/1kg

0.1mg/l

(TCLP)

0.3mg/l 5mg/l

0.05mg/l 0.5mg/l

0.01mg/l

0.4mg/1kg

1mg/l

0.1mg/l

0.3mg/l 5mg/l
1mg/l

2.5mg/l

1.5mg/l 2.5mg/l
1mg/l

1mg/l

0.01mg/l 0.3mg/l

0.3mg/l 1mg/l

11 0.02mg/l 0.2mg/l

0.2mg/l 0.7mg/l

0.01mg/l 0.1mg/l

0.1mg/l 0.7mg/l

0.01mg/l 0.1mg/l

0.03mg/l 0.03mg/l 0.3mg/l 0.5mg/l


0.1mg/l 0.5mg/l

12 0.004mg/l

0.04mg/l 0.04mg/l

0.002mg/l

0.002mg/l

0.002mg/l 0.5mg/l

0.0005mg/l 0.005mg/l

0.005mg/l 0.2mg/l

0.01mg/l 0.1mg/l

0.5mg/l

1,100-1,200

CNS

25

2005
2009

Taiwan Watch Vol.14, No.4 / Winter, 2012

yunchia

17

26

2012

(The
Story of Electronics)

2006

DOWA

StoryofStuff project

17

2008

19

27

Taiwan Watch Vol.14, No.4 / Winter, 2012

StoryofStuff project

2001

2007

Top

272000

runner programme

57

28

1993
2000

2002


19981,273
19934.6

germanwatch

2003

82%


2005

Taiwan Watch Vol.14, No.4 / Winter, 2012

29

30

2007
2012

http://www.
wretch.cc/blog/yfchenprof

60%

PVC

31

Taiwan Watch Vol.14, No.4 / Winter, 2012

32

chefranden from everystockphoto.com

Taiwan Watch Vol.14, No.4 / Winter, 2012

33

meshmar2 from ecerystockphoto.com

34

yunchia

Taiwan Watch Vol.14, No.4 / Winter, 2012

35

90

36

Taiwan Watch Vol.14, No.4 / Winter, 2012

Clearly Ambiguous from everystockphoto.com

37


38

Jonathan M. Harris

Stenella longirostris orientalisNOAA


1991
Marine Mammal
Protection Act

General Agreement on Tariffs and TradeGATT


GATTWTO

GATT

1999
WTO

Jonathan M. Harris

Environmental
and Natural Resource
Economics: A
Contemporary
Approach

Taiwan Watch Vol.14, No.4 / Winter, 2012

39

A+B
Pw

(A+B) - A = B

Q1

40

S
S'
P*
Pw

Q*

Q1

Q 2


marginal benefit

Q 2 - Q 1

CD

A1+B1

PwA1

B 1

C 1

B 1 C 1

Q1

41

Taiwan Watch Vol.14, No.4 / Winter, 2012

42

GATT20

G AT T 2 0 A r t i c l e

XX

GATTWTO

43

Taiwan Watch Vol.14, No.4 / Winter, 2012

44

Process and Production Methods,

PPMs

N A F TA

vs.vs.

Ethyl

Corporation

MDMAMDMA

combined

45

WTO

cycle

WTO

GATT

Taiwan Watch Vol.14, No.4 / Winter, 2012

GATT

GATT1994
WTO)
120

46

North
American Agreement
on Environmental
Cooperation
NAAEC
Commission
for Environmental
Cooperation
CEC
North American
Agreement on Labor
Cooperation
NAALC

1993

NAFTA

WTOGATT20

WTO

maquiladoras

WTO

CEC

WTO

specificity rule

N A F TA C E C

N A F TA

NAFTA

Standards Code

NAFTA

WTO

NAFTA

NAFTA

MEAs

CEC

1878

Phylloxera

1906

Taiwan Watch Vol.14, No.4 / Winter, 2012

1992

47

W TO

W TO

MEA

48

21

1987

1989
1991
1995
1997

MEAsWTO

a
b

OrganizationWEO

WTO

WEO

GATT20

WEO

WEO

Leon Brittan

WEO

NAFTA

WEO

World Environmental

N A F TA

Taiwan Watch Vol.14, No.4 / Winter, 2012

49

50

Daniel

Esty

Green
dot

Global Development and


Environment Institute, Jonathan
M. Harris (Lead Author);Tom
Tietenberg (Topic Editor) "Trade
and the environment". In:
Encyclopedia of Earth. Eds. Cutler J. Cleveland (Washington, D.C.: Environmental Information
Coalition, National Council for Science and the Environment). [First published in the Encyclopedia
of Earth November 7, 2008; Last revised Date November 7, 2008; Retrieved October 31, 2012
<http://www.eoearth.org/article/Trade_and_the_environment>

12
4

Taiwan Watch Vol.14, No.4 / Winter, 2012

51

Diaper Service

52

Elimination
Communication

http://www.taiwanwatch.org.tw/book/C00101.htm
02-29357651

13

180
150
ISBN 978-986-85541-3-9 ()
21 x 29.7
201112

...

Anders Nordgren

IPCC, 2007; Oreskes, 2004


IPCC, 2007
Steinfeld et al., 2006

54

10%51%
Herrero et al., 2010IPCC
13.5%
IPCC, 2007: 4
80%Steinfeld et al., 2006: 11210%
FAO
18%Steinfeld et al., 2006:
xxiGoodland Anhang 51%FAO
Goodland and Anhang, 2009
V13N1
FAO

FAOlife cycle
analysisLCA

kevinzim from everystockphoto.com

9%

37%
65
global
warming potential GWP23296
Steinfeld et al., 2006: xxiFAO
5%13%Steinfeld et al., 2006:
11318%
Steinfeld et al., 2006: xxi

Pitesky
2009

18%Pitesky
FAO
FAO

55

3%PiteskyLCA
26%50%
Pitesky et al., 2009Pitesky
FAO
7-8%Garnett, 2009
5-6%2010

FAO
5%13%
18%

12741
3FAO, 2009: 135-139
2005

Anders Nordgren

Linkping
University

Taiwan Watch Vol.14, No.4 / Winter, 2012

FAO
World Watch InstituteGoodland
Anhang51%
Goodland and Anhang,
2009

56

1. life cycle model


2. complex impact model
3. additional emissions model

"Meat and
Global Warming: Impact
Models, Mitigation
Approaches and Ethical
Aspects"

Environmental
ValuesVolume
21, Number 4, November
2012 , pp. 437-457

14
3

131

LCA
LCA

LCA

LCA
FAOPitesky
Defra2006
Williams et al., 2006; The Cranfield
StudyFiala2008Cederberg2009
WWFFCRN

12.14kg CO2e/
kg14.614.452.84
2.941.19
5.4Audsley et al., 2009
pp. 17-18
0.263.79
cf. Williams et al., 20060.320.52

Daniel Morrison from everystockphoto.com

Audsley et al., 2009

Audsley et al., 2009: 37-39

LCA
LCALCA

LCA
WWFFCRN
Audsley et al., 2009: 36

FAOPitesky

LCA
Tara Garnett
LCA
Garnett, 2009
Garnett

GarnettAllard

Allard et al.,
Taiwan Watch Vol.14, No.4 / Winter, 2012

57

2007
Garnett, 2009
Garnett

Garnett, 2009
Garnett

Garnett, 2009
Garnett

Robert GoodlandJeff Anhang


Goodland and Anhang, 2009
FAO18

58

51FAO
GoodlandAnhangGoodland
and Anhang, 2009
GoodlandAnhang

Goodland and Anhang, 2009GoodlandAnhang


Alan Calverd21%
Calverd, 2005
FAO

Sids1 from everystockphoto.com

Goodland and Anhang, 2009


GoodlandAnhang

global warming potential GWP23


25GoodlandAnhang
2072IPCCGoodland
and Anhang, 2009
GoodlandAnhangFAO

Goodland and Anhang, 2009


GoodlandAnhangHerreroHerrero et al.,

Leonid Mamchenkov from everystockphoto.com

FAO100

2010SteinfeldFAO

Herrero et al., 2010

Garnett

Goodland
Anhang

1
2
3

Garnett, 2007

Garnett, 2007:130-135

Taiwan Watch Vol.14, No.4 / Winter, 2012

59

Garnett,
2007: 136-137

Garnett, 2007: 137-139

Garnett, 2007: 139-143

60

Garnett, 2007:
147

Garnett, 2007: 143; McMichael et al., 2007


Defra

Defra

Defra
m

.co

op

utr

n&

tio

a
hic

xia

o
yp

fro

ck

sto

ry
ve

to
ho

Williams et al., 2006

Garnett

Garnett, 2007: 147

Garnett, 2007: 147

135
Steinfeld et al., 2006: 113FAO

Steinfeld et
al., 2006: 114
Steinfeld et al., 2006: 279FAO
Steinfeld
et al., 2006: 283Pitesky
Pitesky et al., 2009
Casey HoldenFAO

61

14-18
1
Casey and Holden,
2005
Casey and Holden, 2006:
236Casey and
Holden, 2006: 231

Casey and Holden, 2006: 238

8020
70

Garnett, 2007: 149-152

roughage
concentrate

pasture
hay
silage
agricultural
byproducts

18

energy
feeds
protein
supplements

Taiwan Watch Vol.14, No.4 / Winter, 2012

Moe_ from everystockphoto.com

Garnett

Garnett, 2007: 152

Garnett, 2009

LCA

62

Garnett, 2009

1
2
3


Daniel Morrison from everystockphoto.com

FAO

FAO, 2009: 74

Weber and Mathews,


2008

McMichael et al.

McMichael

McMichael et al., 2007: 1260

WeberMatthews

GarnettLCA

Garnett
Taiwan Watch Vol.14, No.4 / Winter, 2012

63

steak-VirtualErn from everystockphoto.com

Garnett, 2009:
497
WWFFCRN

20 LUC
38

64

Audsley et al., 2009: 68


GoodlandAnhang

FAO

Goodland Anhang

Goodland and Anhang, 12 2009: 15


GoodlandAnhang

Goodland Anhang

Goodland Anhang
2009

Goodland and Anhang, 2009: 17

Garnett
2009

intergenerational justice

cf. Page, 2006; Gardiner, 2006; Caney 2009

Brundtland Commission

WCED198785

intragenerational justice

Taiwan Watch Vol.14, No.4 / Winter, 2012

65

Contraction and
C o n v e rg e n c e G l o b a l
Commons Institute2011

Page 2007177

19923:1
Garnett
Garnett, 2009

66

Appleby and Hughes, 1997

Garnett
2007156-158; Gjerris et al.2010Garnett

Garnett2007147

Defra

Williams et al.2006

sgalant from everystockphoto.com

1-3
4-5

67

Taiwan Watch Vol.14, No.4 / Winter, 2012

T.Hagihara from everystockphoto.com

10-18%
GoodlandAnhang51%

68

Garnett

Garnett

davinelulinvega from everystockphoto.com

Garnett

Garnett

McMichael

2007WWF

FCRN
Audsley et al.200968; cf. Stehfest et al.2009
WWFFood Ethics Council
Livestock Consumption
and Climate Change: A Framework for dialogue

MacMillanDurrant2009

69

cf. Gjerris et al.2010

FAO 2050
Steinfeld et al., 2006: 4, 33,
276

McMichael et al.2007
McMichael

Cafaro2010

Taiwan Watch Vol.14, No.4 / Winter, 2012

aka Kath from everystockphoto.com

McMichael


cf. Steinfeld et al.2006114
galant from everystockphoto.com

Alcott, 2008

70

cf. Cafaro, 2010

dailyinvention from everystockphoto.com

Henrik Lerner, Bo Algers


Stefan Gunnarsson
"Meat and Global Warming: Impact Models, Mitigation Approaches and Ethical Aspects"

200

300

400

500

2000

1000

3000

2000

5000

105 10 1
Tel: 02-29357651, Fax: 02-29356977
116

1 9 2 4 7 8 4 1

()
:
150 500
4
1.(V)(N)
2.

3.

()

E001 before 2000250


E002 2001 350
E003 2001 300
E004 2002 400
E010 2010 400
E011 2011 400
E012 2012 400

C001 1180
( 2000 )
8

( 150 6 8 )
B001 B002
B003
B004
B006
B007
B008
B009
B010
B011
B012
B013
B014
B015


2012
Taiwan Watch Vol.14 No.4, Winter, 2012

19247841

http://www.taiwanwatch.org.tw
Emailtwwatch@ms31.hinet.net
116774105101
(02)2935-7651

(02)2935-6977

150

19992, 5, 8, 11

1170

2011

25

2011

400

19247841
005-001-122594

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