EXPERIMENT #13 Power Factor Measurement Simulation on MATLAB Simulink

Objective:
By doing this experiment, one will has become familiar with the measurement of power factor using MATLAB Simulink.

Discussion:
In some industrial applications, power factor is very important so for that purpose we use power factor meter so that we can check the power factor either it further required improvement or not, and to avoid from p.f penalty.

Methods of Measurements:
1234Power factor=R/Z Power factor=kw/kVA Using THD Power factor= cos[(T)]

Power factor=R/Z
Since we do not know the exact values of resistance and impedance of the load (may be varying all the time) so thats why this method is not preferred.

Power factor=kw/kVA

An AC system of active power (P), reactive power (Q) and apparent power (S) play a major role in electric power technology. The term of active power, reactive power and apparent power are applied to steady state AC circuits in which voltage and current are not sinusoidal. If we know the value of active and apparent power in the system then we can calculate power factor using the above shown power triangle.

Using THD
The methodology of measurement of cos(angle) was developed long time ago, but it is useable only for sinusoidal voltage and currents. Now a day customers loads use power supplies built with semi-conductors, switching power supplies, power controlling system etc. These loads cause non sinusoidal current in power lines.

P.F

Equipment required:
1-Personel Computer with MATLAB program 2-Ammeter 3-Voltmer 4-Counters 5-Voltage Source

Procedure:
In this experiment we will use method no. 4 i.e. PF= cos[(T)]. Here T is the phase difference between current & voltage of system. This method can work both by minimum current for the correction of power factor and it continuously monitors the power factor. System design implementation & testing is divided into five parts:a)- Test voltage & current level b)- Detecting zero crossing by counters c)- Finding the gap between current & voltage d)- PF calculations

For the calculation of time gap between the voltage and current we take both the signals and wait till the current crosses the zero. When current crosses the zero we start the timer and stop the timer when the voltage crosses the zero. In between both crosses we find the value of count, which gives the time gap.

Block Diagram of Simulink System:

Result of Scope & Scope1:

Observations:
We put different values in Series RLC load and note the corresponding power factor.

Sr No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

R(ohm) 1 10 10 10 10 10 10

L(H) 0 0 10e-2 10e-1 0 0 10e-1

C(F) 0 0 0 0 10e-6 10e-5 10e-5

PF 0.9991 0.9991 -0.889 -0.387 0.4591 0.9813 0.7608