This Book or document contains the information about the Pythagoras Theorem which was found by Pythagoras of Samos

and some other peoples. Or even Discovered Before Pythagoras of

Samos.

Pythagorean Theorem
Mathematics
Sahil Jindal

History of Pythagoras Theorem Pythagoras of Samos (ca 578-505 BC) Greek domain Pythagoras, who is sometimes called the "First Philosopher," studied under Anaximander, Egyptians, Babylonians, and the mystic Pherekydes (from whom Pythagoras acquired a belief in reincarnation); he became the most influential of early Greek mathematicians. He is credited with being first to use axioms and deductive proofs, so his influence on Plato and Euclid be enormous. He and his students (the "Pythagoreans") were ascetic mystics for whom mathematics was partly a spiritual tool. (Some occultists treat Pythagoras as a wizard and founding mystic philosopher.) Pythagoras was very interested in astronomy and recognized that the Earth was a globe similar to the other planets. He believed thinking was located in the brain rather than heart. The words "philosophy" and "mathematics" are said to have been coined by Pythagoras. Despite Pythagoras' historical importance I have ranked him too high: many results of the Pythagoreans were due to his students; none of their writings survive; and what is known is reported second-hand, and possibly exaggerated, by Plato and others. His students included Hippasus of Metapontum, perhaps the famous physician Alcmaeon, Milo of Croton, and Croton's daughter Theano (who have been Pythagoras's wife). The term "Pythagorean" was also adopted by many disciples who lived later; these disciples include Philolaus of Croton, the natural philosopher Empedocles, and several other famous Greeks. Pythagoras' successor was apparently Theano herself: the Pythagoreans were pair of the few ancient schools to practice gender equality. Pythagoras discovered that harmonious intervals in music are based on simple rational numbers. This led to a fascination with integers and mystic numerology; he is sometimes called the "Father of Numbers" and once said "Number rules the universe." (About the mathematical basis of music, Leibniz later wrote, "Music is the pleasure the human soul experiences from counting without being aware that it is counting." Other mathematicians who investigated the arithmetic of music included Huygens, Euler and Simon Stevin.) The Pythagorean Theorem was known long before Pythagoras, but he is often credited with the first proof. (Apastambha proved it in India at about the same time, and some theorize that Pythagoras journeyed to India and learned of the proof there.) He also discovered the simple parametric form of Pythagorean triplets (xx-yy, 2xy, xx+yy). Other discoveries of the Pythagorean school include the concepts of perfect and amicable numbers, polygonal numbers, golden ratio (attributed to Theano), the five regular solids (attributed to Pythagoras himself), and irrational numbers (attributed to Hippasus). It is said that the discovery of irrational numbers upset the Pythagoreans so much they tossed Hippasus into the ocean! (Another version has Hippasus banished for revealing the secret for constructing the sphere which circumscribes a dodecahedron.) The famous successors of Thales and Pythagoras included Parmenides of Elea (ca 515-440 BC), Zeno of Elea , Hippocrates of Chios , Plato of Athens (ca 428-348 BC), Theaetetus (ca 414-369 BC), and Archytas . These early Greeks ushered in a Golden Age of Mathematics and Philosophy unequaled in Europe until the Renaissance. The emphasis was on pure, rather than practical, mathematics. Plato (who ranks #40 on Michael Hart's famous list of the Most Influential Persons in History) decreed that his scholars should do geometric construction solely with compass and straight-edge rather than with "carpenter's tools" like rulers and protractors.

Pythagoras theorem Triangle & its Properties We will learn about how to find Pythagoras Theorem and Pythagorean triplets with the help of only side of base or height. Through that, we will have such pairs of height & base of right angled triangle with the help of only pair side of base or height. Do we know what Pythagoras Theorem is? Pythagoras Theorem is a new mathematical research of property found in the right angled triangle which gives a new topic in the field of Triangle Geometry. Introduction Pythagoras theorem is a method of finding the length of hypotenuse by finding the square root of the sum of the square of both legs (base and height). Pythagorean triplets are those numbers when the square of the largest side or hypotenuse/number is equal to the sum of square of both legs/rest numbers (base and height) of right angled triangle. With the help of Pythagoras theorem, we can also find the length of base or height when hypotenuse is given. For example:- (3)2 + (4)2 = (5)2 , (5)2 + (12)2 = (13)2 , (6)2 + (8)2 = (10)2 , (7)2 + (24)2 = (25)2 , etc. Identification of a triangle through the Pythagoras theorem Since we know that Pythagoras theorem holds good or give correct result in right triangle and doesnt good or incorrect result in other triangles that are obtuse angled triangle and acute angled triangle. We can also say that in the right Triangle, the square of height when added to the square of the base is equal to the square of hypotenuse and in other triangles the square of the largest side doesnt equal to the addition of square of both height and base. That means the largest side of the triangle is either gives greater value or smaller value related to the square of both height and base. In many of the cases while finding the correct hold for the type of triangle, we find that in the acute triangle, the square of the largest square is smaller than the sum of squares of both height and base and in the obtuse triangle, the square of the largest side is larger than the sum of square of both height and base (instead of that the sum of any Another sides is/must greater than the third side). If the sum of any another sides become smaller than the third side, it can be clearly understandable that the triangle cannot be construct and therefore, no pair type of triangle be named. Through the identification of an obtuse triangle and acute triangle only gives the correct answer when there are different lengths of sides but in the isosceles triangle, the sides are equal. But due this property, it became very easy to identify as the decision is in the hands of the third side. If the half of the square of the third side is smaller than either of the squares of

the equal sides, the triangle said to be acute triangle and if the half of the squares of the third side is larger than either of the squares of the equal sides of the squares, the triangle is said to be obtuse triangle. So, form the above lines, it is clearly understandable how we can identify the type of triangle. Construction of a triangle through the Pythagoras Theorem We can construct an obtuse angled triangle and acute angled triangle by understanding the concept of finding the range of the third side using only another side. To understand this, let us do activity.

Activity Aim: - To understand the range for the third side in the triangle. Method: 1. Draw a triangle named ABC. 2. Sum any another sides and compare to the third side. 3. Subtract any another sides and compare to the third side. Observation: The third side is bigger than the subtraction of Another sides or the subtraction of Another sides is smaller than the third side but the third side is smaller than the sum of Another sides or the sum of any sides is greater than the third side. Conclusion: the range for the third is in the between the subtraction of Another sides and the sum of Another sides.

Since the range for the third side is always between the subtraction of another sides and the sum of another sides and we already know that in the scalene triangle, the obtuse triangle can be identified only when the side has the largest square than the addition of another sides. But, now, you think this kind is property is invented by me (Sahil Jindal). So, to understand this property, Let us do an activity.

Activity Aim: To understand the range for Third side for using Pythagoras Theorem. Method For constructing acute triangle using Pythagoras Theorem 1) Draw a right Triangle using any set of triplets. 2) After drawn the right Triangle, Subtract one centimeter from hypotenuse and again draw a triangle using those sides. 3) Repeat Step 2 until an angle opposite to height or base forms an obtuse angle (You can also use protractor whether it forms an obtuse angle or not). 4) When you get that it forms an obtuse angle, leave the first right triangle and the obtuse triangle that you get and then focus on remaining triangles.

5) Now, find the complex range for third side as it should have three squares, first the square of a number, in the comparison of the square of height and base. Second, the square of the bigger square and last the sum of square of height and base. 6) Then, put the square of side form which you have subtracted .i.e. form hypotenuse 7) Observe where the square is located or can be put. Method For constructing obtuse triangle using Pythagoras Theorem 1) Draw a right Triangle using any set of triplets. 2) After drawn the right Triangle, Subtract one centimeter from height or base and again draw a triangle using those sides. 3) Then, at the end where triangle cannot be constructed, look in the middle leaving the first and last triangle. 4) Now, find the complex range for third side as it should have three squares, first the square of a number, in the comparison of the square of height and base which were used for drawing the second triangle or original height and base. Second, the square of the bigger square from the original height and base and last the sum of square from the original height and base. 5) Then, put the square of side form which you have subtracted .i.e. form hypotenuse 6) Observe where the square is located or can be put. Or 1) Draw a right Triangle using any set of triplets. 2) After drawn the right Triangle, Add one centimeter to hypotenuse and again draw a triangle using those sides. 3) Then, at the end where triangle cannot be constructed, look in the middle leaving the first and last triangle. 4) Now, find the complex range for third side as it should have three squares, first the square of a number, in the comparison of the square of height and base which were used for drawing the second triangle or original height and base. Second, the square of the bigger square from the original height and base and last the sum of square from the original height and base. 5) Then, put the square of side form which you have subtracted .i.e. form hypotenuse 6) Observe where the square is located or can be put. Write observation and conclusion from the different method for constructing acute and obtuse triangles.

So, we can know construct an obtuse triangle using the range for the squares of the third side is in between the sum of the squares of the larger sides between the two sides and the square of the sum of another sides. And also, we can construct an acute triangle using the range of the square of third side is in between of the larger square of the longer side and the sum of the squares of another side. Since there is no use of these (Another) topic as I think but it is necessary to knew when either we yourself wanted what type of triangle is constructed or your mathematics teacher has asked we what type of triangle is constructed through these sides.

Now, we will learn about Parts of Right Angled triangle and Distribution of numbers. Distribution of Pythagorean Triplets Since Pythagorean Triplets does have any sub distribution? But according to my experiments, it has some unique characteristic. The characteristic is that some pairs of Pythagorean Triplets have some common factors or their HCF gives some common factors whereas some pairs of Pythagorean Triplets have only number 1 as common factor. Through this characteristic, the Pythagorean Triplets are divided or separated by another types. These are: Prime Pythagorean Triplets- These are pairs whose HCF of all numbers gives number 1. Composite Pythagorean Triplets- These are pairs whose HCF gives other than 1.These are also called this because all the numbers (three numbers) are composite numbers. Composite Pythagorean Triplets are like the family members of Prime Pythagorean Triplets as the number is multiplied with any of the following topics that we have learned now. I have invented pair method for these another topics. In this method, we take any numbers and any set of Pythagorean Triplets (If the set of Pythagorean Triplets arent given) and we will take and place at the number to be considered as the given number is a result or either multiplication (if the number is greater than that the number is present at above) or division (If the number is smaller than that the number is present at above) by the certain number. Now, that certain number will help to the other number by multiplying or dividing the number. This method is also similar to unitary method. In this case, the given number becomes the part of other coming composite Pythagorean triplets. The result after finding the Pythagorean Triplets can also be in fraction because only few numbers of factors is divided and the fraction is also not fully divisible to get them in decimal form. The result can also be represented in algebraic form as xb, yb, zb where x, y, z is Prime Pythagorean Triplets and b is a certain number which is multiplied with these numbers to make Composite Pythagorean Triplets. Example Find the Pythagorean Triplets of 6 using the set 3, 4 and 5? Let 6 be suited below 5 to become a hypotenuse. It will look like this 3 y 4 x 5 6

Let x be the result after multiply by the certain number with 4. Let y be the next number which is multiplied with 3. Now, the value of x will be as follows: x =

x= x = 4.8 Now, the value of y will be as follows: - y = y = 3 * 1.2 y = 3.6 Ans = the Pythagorean Triplets of 6 using a set 3, 4, 5 gives 3.6, 4.8, 6. Composite Pythagorean Triplets is nothing but contain some properties related to the basic/ prime Pythagorean Triplets when we construct a Right triangle. To understand this, let us do an activity.

Activity Aim: - To understand the properties of composite Pythagorean Triplets related to basic/prime Pythagorean Triplets when we construct a triangle. Method:1) Draw a right triangle using prime Pythagorean Triplets. 2) Using that Set, draw a right triangle of composite Pythagorean Triplets. 3) By using protractor, mark all the angles of both the triangles and put all the angles in the order of congruency. Observation We observe that all the angles are congruent to their corresponding angles. Conclusion Composite Pythagorean Triplets of a triangle when constructed from basic/prime Pythagorean Triplets, always have the angle congruent the basic triangle or we have magnified the basic triangle.

Now, we have learned about the relationship between prime Pythagorean Triplets & composite Pythagorean Triplets. Now, separately, we will know and learn an individual property of Composite Pythagorean Triplets. To understand this, let us do an activity.

Activity Aim: - To understand the properties of composite Pythagorean Triplets when the right triangle is constructed through these triplets. Method:1) Draw a basic Right triangle. 2) Draw a line or line segment with fixed length. 3) Just like a ruler, put a gap of pair- pair centimeter.

4) In a case, if we are starting from height or base, draw other lines, first from hypotenuse and now height if we selected height or base if we have selected base. 5) Draw a perpendicular line on each centimeter. 6) Draw pair more line through the height or base if we not selected height or base. 7) Measure all the angles in each triangle. 8) Measure the length between another consecutive sides .i.e. hypotenuse and height or base. Observation:- All the measured angles compared to its character are almost same and the length between Another consecutive length of sides are same but there are more right triangle which have all the measurement of sides which is a difference between Another consecutive length of sides. Conclusion: - Composite Pythagorean triplets of triangle are also called twipythagorean Triplets as in these triangles, they produce Another right triangles, first the original right triangle and second, the triangle which is made from the subtraction of sides i.e. subtraction of Another sides .i.e. subtraction of result which is comes after the subtraction of the sides comes after finding the composite Pythagorean Triplets to the original side/Pythagorean Triplets.

We can draw a right triangle through the Pythagorean triplets and add the pair of Pythagorean triplets through their characters doesnt able to construct a twipythagorean right triangle. To understand this, let us do an activity.

Activity Aim: - To understand the correct concept of Twipythagorean Triplets. Unit for drawing the length of a triplet: Millimeter About the types pairs of Pythagorean Triplets: - First pair consist of one prime Pythagorean Triplets and one of composite Pythagorean Triplets which is comes from the taken pair. Second pair consists of two different Prime Pythagorean Triplets. Method:1. Take two pair of Pythagorean triplets. 2. Arrange both the pairs in the ascending order line wise. 3. Put the second pair below the first pair. 4. Form the first pair, take the middle pair and draw a line segment AB equal to that triplet. 5. From the same pair, take compass and take the radius of the left one and put the compass at B and draw an arc. 6. From the same pair, take compass and take the radius of the right one and put the compass at A and draw and arc that cut the previous arc at C. 7. Join AC and AB. 8. Through C, Draw a line l parallel to line segment AB. 9. From the second pair, take compass and take the radius of the middle one and put the compass at C and draw an arc that cut the line at D.

10. From the same pair, take compass and take the radius of the left one and put the compass at D and draw an arc. 11. From the same pair, take compass and take the radius of the right one and put the compass at C and draw an arc the cut the previous arc at E. 12. Join CE and DE. 13. While joining the vertices .i.e. from E to D, draw 14. In the direction of overwriting of joining the vertices from A to B, draw a ray. 15. Let both the ray intersect at F. 16. Mark the formed angle. Method 2:1) Take two pair of Pythagorean triplets. 2) Arrange both the pairs in the ascending order line wise. 3) Put the second pair below the first pair. 4) Form the first pair, take the middle pair and draw a line segment AB equal to that triplet. 5) From the same pair, take compass and take the radius of the left one and put the compass at B and draw an arc. 6) From the same pair, take compass and take the radius of the right one and put the compass at A and draw and arc that cut the previous arc at C. 7) Join AC and BC. 8) While joining from A to C, produce a ray. 9) From the second pair, take compass and take the radius of the middle one and put the compass at C and draw an arc that cut the ray at D. 10) From the same pair, take compass and take the radius of the left one and put the compass at D and draw an arc. 11) From the same pair, take compass and take the radius of the right one and put the compass at C and draw an arc the cut the previous arc at E. 12) Join CE and DE. 13) While joining the vertices .i.e. from E to D, draw 14) In the direction of overwriting of joining the vertices from A to B, draw a ray. 15) Let both the ray intersect at F. 16) Mark the formed angle. Observation: - In the first methods, when we draw a figure from the second pair consists of two different Prime Pythagorean Triplets, we observe that at the hypotenuse side, the line doesnt look a straight line or it is bend at that position and when we draw a figure from the First pair consist of one prime Pythagorean Triplets and one of composite Pythagorean Triplets which is comes from the taken pair, we observe that at the hypotenuse, the line looks like a straight line. In the second method, when we draw a figure from the second pair consists of two different Prime Pythagorean Triplets, we observe that the hypotenuses line is straight but the angle which is formed when we intersect the two rays, is either obtuse or acute and when we draw a figure from the First pair consist of one prime Pythagorean Triplets and one of composite Pythagorean Triplets which is comes from the taken pair, we observe that hypotenuses line is straight and the angle which is formed when we intersect the two rays, the measure of the angle is 90 degree. Conclusion: - A right triangle can be constructed or seen when the pairs formed by drawing a two perpendicular lines at height and base, meeting at hypotenuse having a relationship i.e. relationship prime Pythagorean Triplet and Composite Pythagorean Triplets.

Note It is not necessary that the two sets of Triplets which are formed by drawing two perpendicular lines at height and base, meeting at hypotenuse should be prime Pythagorean Triplet and Composite Pythagorean Triplet, it can also be Two Composite Pythagorean Triplet in which all triplets of one set are smaller to the corresponding triplet but still Call Composite Pythagorean Triplets;

Names of the sides in the right angled triangle The hypotenuse is the largest side which is opposite to the right angle. And we can get a right angled triangle with hypotenuse by cutting the diagonal of the rectangle (Activity with paper). When the hypotenuse is uplifted by the straight line segment is called height or perpendicular. In the scalene Acute triangle, the height is formed when a line segment is passes perpendicular through the intersecting point of another sides of triangle. On which the hypotenuse is uplifted is called base. The distance between the height and hypotenuse where the height holds the hypotenuse on a line makes base.

In triangle, we can measure the length of the height by measuring the length between the point of the perpendicular line segment starts on the boundary of the triangle & the point of the perpendicular line segment ends on the intersecting point of the Another sides of the triangle. When we draw a height in the triangle, now According to the Pythagorean Theorem, the intersecting sides will hypotenuse of their sides. And also x2 + y2 = z2 and x2 + a2 = b2 in which x is common as height, y and a are the base of the right angled triangle and also added to make the original base of the given triangle, b and z are the hypotenuse of the right angled triangle on their sides with the intersecting sides of the original/given triangle. By the given statement/ point, there can be more than pair set of Pythagorean triplets having common number.
Hypotenuse Height

Base

The space that the triangle covers is called the area of the triangle & the area of the triangle will be xy/2, where the x and y are the base and height respectively. Relationship or Dependence of sides of triangle

There is a dependence of height, base and hypotenuse. If the length/measurement height or base, there are infinite/unlimited/uncountable pair of Pythagorean Triplets but having the measurement of hypotenuse, square root of sum of another squares, gives the limited Pairs of Pythagorean Triplets. To understand this, let us do an Activity.

Activity Aim: - To understand the infinity of pairs of Pythagorean triplets.

Method 1( In the case of height and base are given): 1) Draw a straight line l and now draw a straight line m perpendicular, marking the point O. 2) Mark the point B on line l. 3) Draw lines like line p, q, r, t etc line vise .i.e. drawing from the first line to the last line, meeting with both line l and m having the point B as the point of intersection of several lines. Method 2 (In the case of hypotenuse is given): 1) Draw a straight line l and now draw a straight line m perpendicular, marking the point O. 2) Mark the point B on line l. 3) With the given length of hypotenuse, draw slanting lines with the given length. Observation: - In the case of height and base are given separately, with the increase in drawing the line m, more lines can be drawn but in the case of hypotenuse, only a few number of line segments can be drawn with the given length. Conclusion: - Several lines are constructed on the graph because there is various combinations through which a square is added to the square of height or base and that can give various squares of hypotenuse but in the case of hypotenuse, the square root of height square and base square, have only few combinations that can give the square of hypotenuse.

This type of infinity is used when we draw a triangle with the help of base and height. But there is pair more Activity to show the infinity of Pythagorean triplets. The Activity is as begins:-

Activity Aim: - To understand the infinity of Pythagorean Triplets. Method 1. Draw a straight line l and now draw a straight line m perpendicular to line l, marking the point O. 2. Draw lines intersecting with both line l and m.

3. Measure the length of the sides in each triangle is formed. Observation- Different lengths of sides are formed in each case.

If we observe the constructed figure more carefully, we will observe that there is increase in the length of sides. To understand this, let us do an activity.

Activity Aim: - To understand the relationship when the length of pair side is given. Method:1) Draw a straight line l and now draw a straight line m perpendicular, marking the point O. 2) Mark the point B on line l. 3) Draw lines like line p, q, r, t etc line vise .i.e. drawing from the first line to the last line, meeting with both line l and m having the point B as the point of intersection of several lines. 4) Through the ruler, measure the length of line segment form under the area of right angle. Observation: - With the comparison from each previous length mostly from the comparison of its own character, the length of hypotenuse increases, when the height or base increases and either of them remain same.

Now, we get know about the Pythagoras theorem & the parts of right angled triangle. We have learned some properties of triangle. Now, we will learn about how to find the Pythagorean triplets. To make Pythagorean triplets, we take/ have only pair number & other another numbers are fined by the methods. And we all know that numbers can be of different types. So lets learn about different types of numbers on their basis. Numbers On the basis of factors, it is divided into another parts- Prime & composite. On the basis of divided by 2, It is divided into another parts- Even & Odd. Some numbers are square and cube .All composite numbers are ended with both even & odd. All prime numbers are mostly odd except 2, which is an even prime number.

As we already know that, Prime numbers have 2 factors & composite numbers have more than 2 factors. But According to my way, I have divided composite numbers into another part that is numbers who has 4 factors and numbers who has more than 4 Factors. But now, we will learn how we can find the Pythagorean triplets when the prime number is used. To learn how we can find the Pythagorean triplets when the number is prime, follow the following steps:-

Steps of the Pythagorean triplets of a prime number 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. The number we have taken be the first part of the Pythagorean triplets. Find the square of the given number i.e. A2. Find the half of its predecessor i.e. (A2 1)/2. Find the half of its successor .i.e. (A2 + 1)/2. Both the Another expressions / (numbers when we put the value of the variable) whose value comes from pair word are also joined with given number Pythagorean triplets .i.e. A, (A2 1)/2, (A2 + 1)/2. Or 1. Repeat Step 1 & 2 given above respectively. 2. Now find the consecutive numbers of the given square. 3. All the values found by the method are all Pythagorean triplets. Example 1:- Find the Pythagorean triplets of number 3 as a leg of right angled triangle? First, we will 3 as the part of Pythagorean triplets Second, we will find the square as 32 = 9 Third, we will find the consecutive numbers. So, let the consecutive numbers be x and x + 1. The value from the sum of the consecutive numbers is as follows:x+x+1=9 2x + 1 = 9 2x = 9 1 x= x= 4 Ans = The Pythagorean triplets of 3 as a leg of a right angled triangle are 3, 4, 5. Now; lets learn about how we can find the Pythagorean Triplets when it is either even or odd composite number. To learn how we can find the Pythagorean triplets when the number is composite and have 4 factors, follow the following steps:Steps of the Pythagorean triplets when the numbers is composite and have 4 factors 1. The number we have taken be the first part of the Pythagorean triplets. 2. Find the factors of the given number i.e. A = A, BC. 3. Do the cross multiplication .i.e. A * B and C *1 or vertical parallel multiplication .i.e. A* C and B * 1. After multiplying other variables, we get AB and C or AC and B respectively.
If x = 4 Therefore, x + 1 = 4 + 1 x+1=5

4. Find the half of the subtraction of the greater number and the smaller number .i.e. . 5. Find the half of the addition of the greater number and the smaller number .i.e. . Both Another expressions / (numbers when we put the value of the variable .i.e. the given number) whose value comes from the pair number are also joined with given number to make Pythagorean triplets .i.e. A, and .

Example: - 10, 24, 26; 3, 4, 5 . Etc. Or 1. 2. 3. 4. Repeat Step 1 and Step 2 respectively. Find the squares of any of the factors .i.e. B2 and C2 Find the half of the addition of the squares.( B2 + C2)/2 Find the half of the subtraction of the squares. (B2 C2)/2. Or 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) The number which we have taken is the part of Pythagorean triplets. Find the square of the number .i.e. w * w = w2. Through the founded value of square, find the factors of square .i.e. w2 = w2, em, fq Take any pair of factors i.e. either w2, em or fq Through the taken pair, add and subtract factors .i.e. f + q and f q. and .

6) Find the half of both values separately .i.e.

Both the numbers whose value comes from pair number are added in a pair of Pythagorean Triplets .i.e. w, and .

Example: - Find the Pythagorean triplets of number 10 as a leg of a right angled triangle? First of all, we will take 10 as a part of Pythagorean triplets. Second, we will find factors as 10 = 10 * 1 10 = 2 * 5 Since, the factor of 10 is 4. Therefore, number 10 comes under 4 factored numbers. Therefore, we will use present method for 4 factored numbers to find the Pythagorean Triplets. Third, we will multiply 2 with 1 and 10 with 5, which becomes 50 & 2 respectively.

Fourth, we will find the half of 50 2 & 50 + 2 respectively. The value comes from this method is as follows:-

x= x= x = 24

y= y= y = 26

Ans = the Pythagorean triplets of 10 are 10, 24, 26. Or First, we will take 10 as a part of Pythagorean triplets. Second, we will find factors as 10 = 10 * 1 10 = 2 * 5 Since, the factor of 10 is 4. Therefore, number 10 comes under 4 factored numbers. Therefore, we will use present method for 4 factored numbers to find the Pythagorean Triplets. Third, we will find the squares of 2 and 5 respectively, which become 4 and 25 respectively. Fourth, we find the half of 25 4 and 25 + 4 respectively. The value comes from this method is as follows:-

x= x= x = 10.5

y= y= y = 14.5

Ans = the Pythagorean Triplets of 10 are 10, 24, 26 and 10, 10.5, 14.5. Or First, we will take 10 as a part of Pythagorean triplets. Second, find the square of the number 10 .i.e. 102 = 10 * 10 = 100. Third, find the factors of 100 .i.e. 100 = 1 * 100 100 = 2 * 50 100 = 4 * 25 100 = 5 * 20 100 = 10 * 10

Fourth, lets take the pair of 5 and 20. Fifth, find the half of 20 + 5 and 20 5 respectively as: -

x= x= x = 7.5

y= y= y = 12.5

Ans = the Pythagorean Triplets 10 are 7.5, 10, 12.5. After learning the process of finding the Pythagorean triplets when the prime and 4 factored number are there. Now we will learn how to find the Pythagorean triplets when the factors of it are more than 4.To find the Pythagorean triplets when a number contain more than 4 factors, follow the following steps:Note The speciality of numbers having more than 4 factored squares is that we can also use the previous steps of those which are used for numbers having 4 factored squares and as well as choose method for 4 factored numbers.

Otherwise, there is pair more way to find the Pythagorean triplets when a number contain more than 4 factors as:Steps of the Pythagorean triplets when the numbers is composite and have more than 4 Factors 1. The number we have taken be the First part of the Pythagorean triplets. 2. Find the Factors of the given number i.e. J = J, BC, GH 3. Do the cross multiplication for the pairs .i.e. B * H and C * G or vertical parallel multiplication .i.e. B * G and C * H. After multiply these another variables, we get (BH and CG) or (BG and CH). 4. Find the half of the subtraction of the greater number and the smaller number .i.e.

.
5. Find the half of the addition of the greater number and the smaller number .i.e. .

All three numbers, also the other numbers and that are found are also Pythagorean triplets .i.e. J, and .Example: - 9, 12, 15.

Example- Find the Pythagorean Triplet of 12 as a leg of right angled triangle? First, we will take 12 as a part of the Pythagorean triplets. Second, we will find the factor as 12 = 1 * 12 12 = 2 * 6 12 = 3 * 4 Since, the factors of 12 are 6. Therefore; the number comes under more than 4 factored numbers. Therefore, we will use more than 4 factored number methods for find the Pythagorean Triplets is as follows:Third, we will multiply 2 with 4 and 3 with 6, which becomes 8 and 18 respectively. Fourth, we will find half of 18 8 and 18 + 8 respectively. The value comes from this method is as follows:-

x= x= x=5

y= y= y = 13

Ans = The Pythagorean triplets of 12 are 5, 12, 13. After learning the process of finding the Pythagorean triplets when the prime, 4 factored number & factors more than 4, a new category is there .i.e. Square. So, first we will learn the definition of square and after that the methods by which we will find the Pythagorean when the number is square. According to the figure of a square, A square is a quadrilateral with four equal sides and angles. The perimeter and area remains constant with its side, symmetrical in all eight directions, have point symmetry, rotational symmetry of order 4. When we add Of a number after square or draw a small digit 2 with the number as a power, it will mean Square of a number, that tells we have to multiply the given number with itself. Square of a number ends with both even and odd numbers but some numbers do not make a perfect square .i.e. the square root of a number without any remainder. The numbers are 2, 3, 7, and 8.In some cases, numbers like 1, 4, 5, 6, 9 and 0 do not able to make perfect squares.

As we know square of a number does not consist of sub distribution. But According to my way, I have divided it into two parts:4 Factored square - 4 Factored square are actually a square of prime number. It ends with only odd prime except 2(which is a unique even prime number). More than 4 factored squares More than 4 Factored square is usually a square of composite numbers. It ends with both odd and even, depending on the factors of the number. So, first we will learn how we can get Pythagorean triplets when the number ends with odd and it is square. To learn how we can find the Pythagorean triplets when the number is square of an odd number, follow the following steps:Steps of the Pythagorean triplets when the numbers is a square of an odd number 1. The given number will be the part of the Pythagorean triplets. 2. Find the square root of a number. Ex If y = x2, therefore, = x. 3. Pair root number will remain as it is, and other root number is multiplied with the given number. Ex: y * x = xy. And we will add both terms. 4. According to the Distributive Property, the root number will be taken as common and the root number is multiplied with the predecessor of the given number. Ex : x(y 1) 5. Repeat the above step but change the sign used in the previous step .i.e. sign will be replaced with + sign. Ex: x(y 1) 6. Find the half of the given value .i.e.

&

7. All the values found by the pair number are all Pythagorean Triplets. All the even powers like 4, 6, 8, etc can use this formula. We should also never ignore that with increase power, the digits of the Pythagorean Triplets also Increase, therefore, more difficulty in multiplying the numbers. Example: - Find the Pythagorean triplets of 9 as a leg of right angled triangle? Solution: - First, we will take 9 as a part of Pythagorean triplets. Second, we will find the factors of 9 as 9=1*9 9=3*3 Since, the factors of 9 have 3 as common. Therefore, the number comes under square of an odd number. Therefore, we will use the square of an odd number method for finding the Pythagorean Triplets is as follows:Third, we will multiply 1 with 3 and 9 with 3, which becomes 3 and 27 respectively. Fourth, we will take 3 as common, now, we will find the half of 3(9 1) and 3(9 + 1) respectively. The value comes from this method is as follows:-

x= x=

y= y= y=3*5 y = 15

x=3*4 x = 12

Ans = the Pythagorean Triplets from 9 are 9, 12, 15. Next part is more than 4 factored squares. So, first we will learn how we can get Pythagorean triplets when the number ends with even and it is square. To learn how we can find the Pythagorean triplets when the number is square of an even number, follow the following steps:Note The speciality of square having more than 4 factors is that we can use the steps which are used in the square having 4 factors.

Otherwise, there is pair more way to find the Pythagorean triplets when a number is square of a number that contains more than 4 factors are as follows:Steps of the Pythagorean triplets when the numbers is a square has more the 4 factors 1. The number that we have taken should be the part of the Pythagorean Triplets. 2. Find the factors and take any pair also find the square root of a number .i.e. W = W, GH, KK. 3. Multiply the root number with the factors .i.e. G * K and H * K. After multiplying the variables, we get GK and HK. 4. According to the Distributive Property, Taking the common factor or root number as common, common factor or square root of number is multiplied with the subtraction of the factors .i.e. K(G H) 5. Repeat the above step but change the sign used in the previous step .i.e. sign will be replaced with + sign .i.e. K(G + H). 6. Find the half of the given value .i.e. & .

7. All the values found by the pair number are all Pythagorean Triplets.

Example: - Find the Pythagorean triplets of 36 as a leg of right angled triangle? Solution First, we will take 16 as a part of Pythagorean Triplets. Second, we will find the factors as 36 = 1 * 36 36 = 2 * 18 36 = 3 * 12 36 = 4 * 9 36 = 6 * 6 Since, the factors of 36 have 10 but also have 6 as common. Therefore, the number comes under square of an even number. Therefore, we will use square of an even number method for finding the Pythagorean Triplets, which is as follows:Third, we will multiply 6 with 4 and 9 with 6, with becomes 24 and 54 respectively. Fourth, we will take 6 as common, now, we will find the half of 6(9 4) and 6(9 + 4) respectively.

x= x=

y= y= y = 3 * 13 y = 39

x=3*5 x = 15

Ans = The Pythagorean Triplets of 16 are 15, 36, 39. After learning the process of finding the Pythagorean triplets when the prime, 4 factored number & factors more than 4, a new category is there .i.e. Cube. So, first we will learn the definition of cube and after that the methods by which we will find the Pythagorean when the number is cube. According to the cube, A cube is a three dimensional figure which has length, breadth and height of equal measurement, has plane of symmetry in all six directions. All squares on this cube have same area and side. A net of a cube contain of six squares. Since cube is a solid 3D object so, we cant see all squares at a time also it cannot be drawn on a flat surface. This 3D figure can be drawn of a paper of dot called Isometric dot paper. When we add Of a number after cube or draw a small digit 3 with the number as a power, it will mean Cube of a number, that tells we have to multiply the given number with itself three times. Cube of a number ends with both even and odd numbers depending on the factors of a number thus, non 3 paired factors cannot make a perfect cube.

As we know cube of a number also does not consist of sub distribution. But According to my way, I have divided it into two parts:4 Factored cube - 4 Factored cube are actually a cube of prime number. It ends with only odd prime except 2(which is a unique even prime number). More than 4 factored cubes More than 4 Factored cube is usually a cube of composite numbers. It ends with both odd and even, depending on the factors of the number. So, first we will learn how we can get Pythagorean triplets when the number ends with odd and it is cube. To learn how we can find the Pythagorean triplets when the number is c of an odd number, follow the following steps:Note The speciality of the number is a cube of certain number is that we can also use the composite Pythagorean Triplets method with Prime number method to find the Pythagorean Triplets as first, we will the cube root of the number and the prime number method and now find the composite Pythagorean Triplets by multiplying each number with the square of the cube root of the number.

Steps of the Pythagorean triplets when the number is a cube of an odd number 1. 2. 3. 4. The number that we have taken should be the part of the Pythagorean Triplets. Find the prime factors; if we dont know that the number is a cube of a certain number. Now find the factors of a number. Take both of the pairs of factors. Do the cross multiplication of the factors.

5. According to the Distributive Property, taking the cube root or common number as common, cube root of a number is multiplied with the subtraction of given number with cube root of a number. 6. Repeat the same step but change the sign used in the previous step .i.e. sign will be replaced with + sign. 7. Find the half of the values. 8. All the values found by the pair number are all Pythagorean Triplets. Example Find the Pythagorean Triplets of 343 as a leg of right angled triangle? First, we will take 343 as a part of Pythagorean Triplets. Second, we will find the prime factors as 343 = 7 * 7 * 7 343 = 73 Since, the prime factors are odd. Therefore, it comes under When number is a cube of an odd number. Therefore, we will use odd numbered cube method to find the Pythagorean Triplets. Which is as follows:-

Third, we will find the factors as

343 = 1 * 343 343 = 7 * 49

Fourth, we will multiply 7 with 343 and 1 with 49, which becomes 2401 and 49 respectively. Fifth, we will take 49 as common; now, we will find the half of 49(49 1) and 49(49 + 1) respectively. The value comes from this method is as follows:-

x= x=

y= y= y = 49 * 25 y = 1225

x = 49 * 24 x = 1176

Ans = the Pythagorean Triplets of 343 are 343, 1176, 1225. All the odd powers like 3, 5, 7. use this formula. We should also not ignore that the value of the power increases, the digits of the Pythagorean Triplets also increases as the value comes by this method is of thousand places. Next part is more than 4 factored cubes. So, first we will learn how we can get Pythagorean triplets when the number ends with even and it is cube. To learn how we can find the Pythagorean triplets when the number is cube of an even number, follow the following steps:Note The speciality of numbers having more than 4 factored cubes is that we can also use the previous steps of those which are used for numbers having 4 factored cubes and as well as more than 4 factored squares.

Otherwise, there is pair more way to find the Pythagorean triplets when a number is cube of a number that contains more than 4 factors are as follows:Steps of the Pythagorean triplets when the numbers is a cube of an even number 1. The number that we have taken should be the part of the Pythagorean Triplets. 2. Find the cube root of a number, if we dont know that the number is a cube of certain number. 3. Now, we will find the factors of a cube. 4. Take any pair of multiplicand and multiplier (such that the product of another taken numbers gives the cube of same number) and last pair i.e. the square of a cube root is multiplied by the cube root of a number. 5. Do the cross multiplication of the numbers.

6. According to the Distributive Property, taking the common number as common, common number is multiplied with the subtraction of the remaining factors after taken the common number. 7. Repeat the same step but change the sign used in the previous step .i.e. sign will be replaced with + sign. 8. Find the half of the given values. 9. All the values found by the pair number are all Pythagorean Triplets. Example: - Find the Pythagorean Triplets of 6 as a leg of right angled triangle? First, we will take 216 as a part of Pythagorean Triplets. Second, we will find the cube root of a number as: =6

Since, the cube root of 216 is even. Therefore, it comes under When number is a cube of a certain even number. Therefore, we will use even numbered cube method to find the Pythagorean Triplets, which is as follows:Third, we will find the factors as 216 = 1 * 216 216 = 2 * 108 216 = 3 * 72 216 = 4 * 54 216 = 6 * 36 216 = 8 * 27 216 = 9 * 24 216 = 12 * 18

Fourth, we will take 6 * 36 and 12 *18 respectively. Fifth, we will multiply 6 with 18 and 36 with 12 respectively, which becomes 108 and 432 respectively. Sixth, taking 108 as common, we will find half of 108 (4 1) and 108 (4 + 1) respectively. The value comes from this method is as follows:-

x= x=

y= y= y = 54 * 5 y = 270

x = 54 * 3 x = 162

Ans = The Pythagorean Triplets of 216 are 162, 216, 270.

It is not necessary that the given side of the right angled triangle is always a leg of a right angled triangle. It cans also a hypotenuse. So there is totally a different way to find the Pythagorean Triplets when the hypotenuse is given. The number we are using doesnt have any sub- distribution. But According to my experiment and conclusions, I have divided the numbers into another part. The names of the parts are: Single Pythagorean Triplets These are numbers whose answers give only one pair of Pythagorean Triplets. Such pair is obtained from prime numbers. Multiple Pythagorean Triplets These are numbers whose answers give multiple pairs of Pythagorean Triplets. Such pairs are obtained from composite numbers. So, fist we learn about the basic method of finding of the Pythagorean Triplets. The basic method is as followsSteps of the Pythagorean Triplets when the hypotenuse is given 1. 2. 3. 4. The number that we have taken should be the part of the Pythagorean Triplets. Find the double of the number .i.e. u * 2 = 2u. Find all the numbers whose sum gives the given number .i.e. 2u = a + b. Take those numbers whose multiplication gives .i.e. ab = c2 and division gives .i.e. = C2 . 5. In such a case in which there are many pairs, we will take each pair and now do the next steps for each pair. 6. Find the square root of the value of the multiplication .i.e. = c 7. Find the half of the subtraction of the numbers .i.e. = d.

All the values found by the pair number are all Pythagorean Triplets. Do we know how I have found the method? I have found the method by changing or doing reciprocal the steps which we have used to find the Pythagorean Triplets mostly of 4 factored number and more than 4 factored numbers. To understand this question more clearly and removing the confusions, lets revise the method of 4 factored number and more than 4 factored numbers and understand the concept of method of hypotenuse. Since the steps are:Given number is x and will take as a Pythagorean Triplets. And the factors of x is x, ab We have to multiply x with a, which gives ax and b will remain. Next, we will add and subtracted the terms .i.e. ax b & ax + b. Next, we will find the half of both expressions .i.e. &

Now, All the these expressions are the Pythagorean Triplets i.e. x,

&

Now, if we change the signs .i.e. changing * sign with / sign, rearrange the sequence of steps, placing the steps in the reverse order and adding some more points and removing some points, It will be more understandable. Now, it will be Now, Let Now, ax + b = 2c Now, it is clearly understandable when we transport 2 to the right side .i.e. multiplying 2 with c which gives 2c.So, the first step will be, find the double of the given number (length of hypotenuse) Second, find the sum of number those answer gives the given number. Now, in second line\step present above this method, the factors are given .i.e. x, ab, which means if we multiply these pairs of factors, we get the square of the number .i.e. ab = x and x * x = x2. Therefore, third step will be, find the square root of the multiplication of both number found get while doing the sum of numbers but indirectly from the non step before making the steps. Next, in the second last step of 4 factored numbers, it was already written that we have to half of ax + b and ax b respectively. Since we had already transported 2 from to the right =c

hand side .i.e. multiplied 2 with c in the staring time. So, there is no use to do this expression, instead of, the second is still not done. So, our fourth step will be to find the half of ax b which gives the expression in algebraic form i.e. method) can be used for more correct explanation. Ex Find the Pythagorean triplets of number 13 as a hypotenuse? First, 13 is taken as the part if Pythagorean Triplets. Now, we will multiply 13 with 2 .i.e. 13 x 2 = 26. Now, we will find those numbers whose sum is 26, 26 = 25 + 1, 24 + 2, 23 + 3, 22 + 4, 21 + 5, 20 + 6, 19 + 7, 18 + 8, 17 + 9, 16 + 10, 15 + 11, 14 + 12, and 13 + 13. Testing very part of the numbers mentally, we get another pair .i.e. 25 + 1 & 18 + 8. Since there are two pairs, so, we will the Pythagorean triplets separately. Now, first, we will take the first pair i.e. 25 + 1. Now, we will find the square root of multiplication of 49 and 1 which is as follows in the first column and sixth, we will find the half of the numbers founded in the Step 4 in the second column. . Or the second method (the choose

x= x=

y= y=

x=5 y = 12

Now, first, we will take the first pair i.e. 18 + 8. Now, we will find the square root of multiplication of 18 and 8 which is as follows in the first column and sixth, we will find the half of the numbers founded in the Step 4 in the second column.

x= x=

y= y=

x = 12 y=5

Ans = The Pythagorean Triplets of 13 are 5, 12, 13. Example 2:- Find the Pythagorean Triplets of number 25 as a hypotenuse? First, we will take 25 as a part of Pythagorean Triplets. Second, we will 25 with 2 which are equal to 50. Third, we will the Another numbers whose addition gives the given number i.e. 50 = 49 + 1, 48 + 2, 47 + 3, 46 + 4, 45 + 5, 44 + 6, 43 + 7, 42 + 8, 41 + 9, 40 + 10, 39 + 11, 38 + 12, 37 + 13, 36 + 14, 35 + 15, 34 + 16, 33 + 17, 32 + 18, 31 + 19, 30 + 20, 29 + 21, 28 + 22, 27 + 23, 26 + 24, 25 + 25. Forth, take those pairs whose multiplication of another numbers gives square or square come when the quotient comes when bigger numbers is divided by smaller number. But in this case, there are many pairs that take time. So, we will do in mental way. So, Testing very part of the numbers mentally, we get four pairs .i.e. 49 + 1, 45 + 5, 40 + 10 and 32 + 18. Since there are different pairs, so, we will the Pythagorean triplets separately. Now, first, we will take the first pair i.e. 49 + 1. Fifth, we will find the square root of multiplication of 49 and 1 which is as follows in the first column and sixth, we will find the half of the numbers founded in the Step 4 in the second column.

x= x=

y= y=

x=7 y = 24

Now, second pair, we will take the first pair i.e. 45 + 5. Fifth, we will find the square root of multiplication of 45 and 5 which is as follows in the first column and sixth, we will find the half of the numbers founded in the Step 4 in the second column.

x= x=

y= y=

x = 15 y = 20

Now, third pair, we will take the first pair i.e. 40 + 10. Fifth, we will find the square root of multiplication of 49 and 1 which is as follows in the first column and sixth, we will find the half of the numbers founded in the Step 4 in the second column.

x= x=

y= y=

x = 20 y = 15

Now, third pair, we will take the first pair i.e. 32 + 18. Fifth, we will find the square root of multiplication of 32 and 18 which is as follows in the first column and sixth, we will find the half of the numbers founded in the Step 4 in the second column.

x= x=

y= y=

x = 24 y=7

Since, from both cases, we observe that out of 2, we get one pair and out of 4, 2 pairs give the same answers .so, I suggest you, when you are going to find the Pythagorean Triplets of the composite number and get the more than one pair, make the pairs whose answers are same and then only find the square root of the multiplication of the number in the one pair. But for the pair number, there are another different pairs of Pythagorean Triplets, which shows that the number we had taken comes under multiple Pythagorean Triplets. Frequency of all number methods Since all the distributions like dividing the number into parts and again dividing the sub parts have different methods but all the methods of the sub parts have the almost the same pattern .i.e. from composite numbers to cube numbers 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) Let the given number be the part of the Pythagorean Triplets. Find the factors of the number. Take any another pair of numbers. Do the cross multiplication or the vertical parallel multiplications of the factors. Find the result after adding and subtracting the multiplied numbers. Find the half of both operations separately.

Or we use the choose methods .i.e. 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) Let the given number be the part of the Pythagorean Triplets. Find the factors of the number. Take any pair of factors. Find the square of the factors. Find the result after adding and subtracting the factors. Find the half of the results separately. And 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) Let the given numbers be the part of the Pythagorean Triplets. Find the square of the number. Find the factors of the square. Take any pair of factor. Find the result after adding and subtracting the factors. Find the half of both results separately.

But there is separate method for prime numbers that are as follows:1) 2) 3) 4) Let the number be the part of the Pythagorean Triplets. Find the square of the number. Find the predecessor and successor of the square. Find the half of both the operations separately.

Both methods can be use when we find the Pythagorean Triplets from either height or base. But there is a separate method for hypotenuse .i.e. 1) The number that we have taken should be the part of the Pythagorean Triplets.

2) Find the double of the number. 3) Find all the numbers whose sum gives the given number. 4) Take those numbers whose multiplication gives .i.e. ab = c2 and division gives .i.e.

= C2.
5) Find the square root of the value of the multiplication. 6) Find the half of the founded numbers from Step 4.

Written by - Sahil Jindal Student of Class VIII A Delhi Public School