How to Minimize the Impact of Cell Breathing on UMTS Networks

IEEE Workshop on Applications and Services in Wireless Networks 2002 rd - 5th th, 2002 July 3rd Yannick Yannick DUPUCH DUPUCH
Alcatel Alcatel - Mobile Mobile Networks Networks Division Division GSM/UMTS GSM/UMTS Project Project Manager Manager

Agenda

t Facing
w w

the Multimedia traffic increase

Cell breathing and cell range evolution Strategic Cell Radius

t Upgrade
w w

your Network

Advanced Radio Features Elaborating the deployment strategy

How to minimize the impact of cell breathing effect on UMTS network / July 4th / 2

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Cell Breathing Multiservice Traffic characteristic

t t t t

Various data rates (from Voice 12.2kbps up to 384Kbps) Various QoS and GoS (blocking, delay, throughput, BLER) Various connection types (Real Time and Non Real Time) Various traffic asymmetry and activity behaviour.
Voice (CS/2%) File transfer (PS/5s) Web browsing (PS/3s) Video conference (CS/2%) Shopping on line (PS/1s) Interactive games (CS/1%)

Multiservice Multiservice

Different Data rates Different Data rates

Different Sensitivities Different Sensitivities

Different Footprints Different Footprints

3G UE

Air interface

Node B

t t Different Different footprints footprints for for different different services services

How to minimize the impact of cell breathing effect on UMTS network / July 4th / 3

Medium Data Rate Voice and Low Data All rights reserved 2002, Alcatel (eg 144kb/s) Rate (eg up to 64kb/s)

High Data Rate (eg 384kb/s)

Cell Breathing Multiservice Environment

Coverage for each service is traffic dependent Cell shrinkage

Seamless Coverage
100 subs/km2 - Year 1

300 subs/km2 - Year 3

Service Coverage: Blue: Voice Only w Green: Voice and CS64 How to minimize the impact of cell breathing effect on UMTS network / July 4th / 4 w Red: Voice, CS 64 and PS384
w

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1000 subs/km2 - Year 5

From traffic forecast to coverage prediction Iterative Link Budget Dimensioning

Multiservice Traffic inputs
Interference
ge e ng Ran Ra l Ra Cel e ng ll Ce on pti um sum ass as umption ass

W-CDMA Radio Parameters

TRAFFIC ANALYSIS ANALYSIS TRAFFIC

LINKBUDGET BUDGETANALYSIS ANALYSIS LINK

Iterative process until convergence Final Final UL UL& &DL DL Cell Cell Range Range

UL traffic

DL traffic

UL analysis
UL & DL Cell range

DL analysis

> Use of Multiservice traffic modelling and iterative interference calculation in both uplink and downlink to get the evolution of the cell range
How to minimize the impact of cell breathing effect on UMTS network / July 4th / 5
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Strategic cell radius Fixing a time variant parameter

>

Strategic cell range will define the deployed inter-site distance per environment
0.65

Dense Urban / Cell range = f(Phases)

Voice with 1 carrier

Cell range (km)

Seamless coverage
0.6

Site Site Site Site Site Site Site

1.5x

Example of strategic cell radius

Holes in coverage

Traffic increases
0.55 PHO PH1 Phases PH2
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PH3

How to minimize the impact of cell breathing effect on UMTS network / July 4th / 6

Advanced Features Avoiding Cell Breathing problems by timely upgrade

> >
t t

Anticipate holes through coverage prediction Avoid holes by timely upgrade

In In case case of of Downlink Downlink limitation limitation

w w TX TX Diversity Diversity w w High High power power amplifier amplifier t tFor For either either Uplink Uplink or or Downlink Downlink

limitation: limitation:
t t In In case case of of Uplink Uplink limitation limitation w w Tower Tower Mounted Mounted Amplifier Amplifier (TMA) (TMA) w w4 4 Way Way RX RX Diversity Diversity w w Multi Multi User User Detection, Detection, MUD MUD w w Adding Adding carriers carriers w w Sectorisation Sectorisation w w Adding Adding sites sites (densification) (densification) w w Smart Smart antennas antennas

How to minimize the impact of cell breathing effect on UMTS network / July 4th / 7

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Tower Mounted Amplifier Uplink Coverage Gain

18
Antenna

16

Total Interference I (dB)

14 12 10 8 6 4 2

Duplexer TMA Tx Duplexer Feeder Rx

Link Budget Curve with TMA Link Budget Curve w/o TMA I(R) for High_Traffic I(R) for Low_Traffic

Typical reduction of the required number of sites:

~40% for low traffic scenario ~30% for high traffic scenario

Tx / Rx

Node B

0 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1

How to minimize the impact of cell breathing effect on UMTS network / July 4th / 8

Cell Range R (km)

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4-RX diversity on Uplink Uplink Coverage Gain

10 9 8

Polarisation Space Diversity Diversity Xpol antenna 1 Distance d

Polarisation Diversity Xpol antenna 2

Total Interference I (dB)

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0

Rxdiv1 Rxdiv2

Rxdiv3

Rxdiv4

Typical reduction of the required number of sites:

~30% for low traffic scenario ~40% for high traffic scenario

Cell Range R (km)

0,2

0,4

0,6

Link Budget Curve w/o 4RxDiv Link Budget Curve with 4RxDiv

I(R) for High_Traffic w/o 4RxDiv I(R) for High_Traffic with 4RxDiv

I(R) for Low_Traffic w/o 4RxDiv I(R) for Low_Traffic with 4RxDiv
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How to minimize the impact of cell breathing effect on UMTS network / July 4th / 9

High Power Amplifier Impact of Node B power on DL capacity

45

Transmit power (Watt) per carrier Transmit power (Watt)

40

35

RURAL 7 km
30

>

RURAL 5 km SUBURBAN 1,3 km

25

URBAN 0,5 km URBAN DENSE 0,35 km

Negligible impact in urban areas Visible gain only in low density rural areas

20

>
Capacity gain

15

10

Rural Urban
200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 Throughput NRT 128 (kbps) Sector Capacity

0 100

How to minimize the impact of cell breathing effect on UMTS network / July 4th / 10

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High Power Amplifier DL Gain in multicarrier configurations - Urban 20W vs. 35W at antenna connector: NRT 128 in Urban 50%
40%
From 6.7W per carrier to 11.7W per carrier (3 carriers) From 10W per carrier to 17.5W per carrier (2 carriers) From 20W per carrier to 35W per carrier (1 carrier)

Capacity gain (%)

30%

20%

Uplink Coverage limited cell ranges

small gain for 3 carriers

10%

negligible gain for 1 carrier

0% 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8

Cell range (km)

How to minimize the impact of cell breathing effect on UMTS network / July 4th / 11
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TX Diversity on Downlink Performance Gain

TX Bus

>

Performance gain of TX diversity feature consists of three aspects:

Power Amplifier TX1

Antenna Antenna 1

PA
TEU

20 W

Doubling the TX power by adding a

power amplifier

TX1div

PA
TEU

20 W

Antenna 2

Reducing the required transmit power

for each downlink channel (transmit power raise due to fast fading is reduced)
Speech 8 kbps, 1 rx antenna, downlink, pedestrian A 9 Target Rx Eb/N0 (dB) Without Tx diversity STTD

0.8 dB

Improving the required received Eb/N0

(slight reduction for open loop TxDiv, higher for closed loop TxDiv)

6
How to minimize the impact of cell breathing effect on UMTS network / July 4th / 12

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10

25 Speed (km/h)

50

120

TX Diversity on Downlink Gain on Downlink Capacity - Example

>

Gain highly dependent on diversity technique (open or closed loop) and multipath profile (Pedestrian>>Vehicular)
Example: STTD - Space-Time transmit diversity (open loop) Vehicular A, NRT 128, Urban,

Capacity gain by doubling the max. downlink transmit power (%)

20% 18% 16% 14% 12% 10% 8% 6% 4% 2% 0% 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1

From(20W,1Carrier) To (40W,1Carrier)

Uplink Coverage limited cell ranges

Pure Diversity gain in capacity: ~8% Gain through 2nd PA: dependent on cell range (curve)

Example for typical cell range (0.55km): 8%+3%=11% total gain

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Cell range (km)

How to minimize the impact of cell breathing effect on UMTS network / July 4th / 13

Adding a carrier Uplink coverage

16 14

Total Interference I (dB)

>

Uplink Coverage:

12 10 8 6 4 2 0 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 link budget curve I(Traffic),1 carrier I(Traffic), 2 Carriers

Link Budget curve stays the same, traffic curve depends on # of carriers

UL Coverage gain Low traffic High traffic Carrier config Dense Urban Rural Dense Urban Rural 1C -> 2C 5% 10% 20% 20% How to minimize the impact of cell breathing effect on UMTS network / July 4th / 14 All rights reserved 2002, Alcatel 2C -> 3C 3% 5% 15% 15%

Cell Range R (km)

Adding a carrier Downlink capacity

t t t

Significant increase of downlink capacity Exact gain depends on the hardware configuration (Nb of PA per sector, # of carriers, etc) and cell range Adding a carrier implies: reducing power per carrier (20W 2x10W)
Carrier TX C1 C2 Power Amplifier

Antenna Antenna 1

PA

10 W per carrier

100%

75% Capacity gain (%)

50%

Uplink Uplink Coverage Coverage limited cell limited cell ranges ranges
From 1 carrier (20W p.c.) to 2 carriers (10W p.c.) From 2 carriers (10W p.c.) to 3 carriers (6W p.c.)

Adding a carrier is not only a

downlink feature, but will bring for fixed intersite distance uplink capacity gain as well Most powerful enhancement feature
0.8
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25%

0% 0 How to minimize the impact of 0.2 cell breathing effect 0.4 on UMTS network / 0.6 July 4th / 15 Cell range (km)

Deployment strategy Incumbent Operator

GSM GSM Cell Cell range=strategic range=strategic cell cell radius radius Coverage and Capacity analysis Start: Phase 0

Traffic forecast

Holes or capacity problems?

NO
Look at next phase

YES
Which limitation?

UL
Apply UL feature (TMA, 4RXDiv, MUD) (if not yet used)

DL
Apply DL feature (TxDiv, HPA) (if not yet used)

both UL&DL
Add a carrier (if still available)

Maximize the re-use of existing GSM sites

How to minimize the impact of cell breathing effect on UMTS network / July 4th / 16
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Deployment strategy Greenfield Operator

Evaluate Cell Ranges
(for all traffic phases and scenarios)

Identify suitable strategic ranges Apply possible deployment scenarios

(service deployment, advanced features upgrade)

There is no unique solution for strategic cell range and deployment strategy, the final choice is an (individual) strategic decision!

Build business cases Select the solution that best fits your business requirements
How to minimize the impact of cell breathing effect on UMTS network / July 4th / 17
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Conclusion
>

Analytical dimensioning techniques can be used for predicting and avoiding potential problems due to cell breathing ( upgrade strategy) The network evolution can be considered already at dimensioning stage

>

>

The upgrade plan is not finished at dimensioning stage: continuous adaptation is required through

Monitoring traffic Regularly updating the traffic forecast Adjusting the upgrade strategy
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How to minimize the impact of cell breathing effect on UMTS network / July 4th / 18

Thank you for your attention

Yannick DUPUCH
UMTS Project Manager Mobile Networks Division yannick.dupuch@alcatel.fr