Computational Fluid Dynamics II

Exercise 5

1. The Euler equations for one dimensional unsteady ow read: Ut + Fx = 0 where U = u E 1 E = c v T + u2 , 2 H=E+ p .

and

(a) Write the components of the ux vector F = (F1 , F2 , F3 )T as a function of the conserved variables U = (U1 , U2 , U3 )T (b) Determine the Jacobi matrix A = F / U of F and formulate the quasiconservative form of the Euler equations. (c) Transform the quasiconservative form into a non-conservative form: V t + aV x = 0 where V = u p

(1)

(d) Derive the characterstic form of the Euler equations with a diagonal transformation of the non-conservative form given by Eq. (1).

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Computational Fluid Dynamics II

Exercise 5 (solution)

1. (a) with U1 U = U2 = u E U3

follows the ux-vector

u F1 F = F2 = u2 + p = u(E + p) F3 whereas

U2
2 U2 U1

+p U2 U 1 ( U 3 + p)

2 1 U2 2 U1

p = ( 1) U3

F =

U2 U1

U2
2 U2 U1

+ ( 1) U3

1 2

2 U2 U1 2 1 U2 2 U1

U3 + ( 1) U3
Fk Ul

(b) Jacobi-Matrix with the elements Akl =

0
2 1 2 (3 ) U 2

1
U2
1 2 (3 ) U U1

0
U2
1

A =

U2 U1 ((

U3 U3 2 1) U2 U 3 2 U ) 2 ( 1) U 2 1 1
1

U2

1
U2 U 1

0 1 0 1 2 (3 )u2 (3 )u 1 = 2 u u(( 1)u2 E ) E 3 2 ( 1)u quasi-conservative form from

F x

F U U x

U = A x

Ut + AUx = 0

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(c) non-conservative form V = (, u, p)T t + ux + ux = 0 ut + uux + (1/)px = 0 pt + upx + a2 ux = 0 V = u p

Vt + a Vx = 0

with

u 0 a = 0 u 1/ 2 0 a u

(d) eigenvalues from |a I | = 0 are 1 = u, 2 = u + a, and 3 = u a eigenvectors, with (a i I )xi = 0 follows ( u i ) x 1 x2 + 0 =0 i + i 3 0 + ( u i ) x 2 + 1 /x = 0 i i 3 2 2 + ( u i ) x i = 0 0 + a xi this equation system is under-determined, hence choose one component
2 x3 x2 1 = u choose x1 1 =0 1 =0 1 = 1/a 3 1 2 2 = u + a choose x2 = 1/2 x2 = 1/2a x2 = 1/2a2 2 1 3 x2 3 = u a choose x3 = 1/2 3 = 1/2a x3 = 1/2a

gives the eigenvectormatrices T resp. T

1/a2 1/2a2 1/2a2 0 1/2a 1/2a T = ( x1 x2 x3 ) = 0 1/2 1/2 the characteristic variables follow from dW = T

1

a2 0 1 a 1 = 0 0 a 1

dV

this gives the characteristic form of the Euler equation

a2 d + dp d dw1 1 dW = dw2 = T du = adu + dp adu + dp dp dw3 1 0 0 = 0 2 0 0 0 3

Wt + Wx = 0 with

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