THE

AGORA ATHENIAN
RESULTS OF EXCAVATIONS CONDUCTED BY
SCHOOL OF CLASSICAL STUDIES AT ATHENS

THE AMERICAN

VOLUME V

POTTERY OF THE ROMAN

CHRONOLOGY
BY HENRY S. ROBINSON

PERIOD

THE AMERICAN SCHOOL OF CLASSICAL STUDIES AT ATHENS PRINCETON, NEW JERSEY

1959

PUBLISHED

WITH THE AID OF A GRANT FROM MR. JOHN D. ROCKEFELLER,

JR.

ALL RIGHTS

RESERVED

PRINTED

IN GERMANY

at J.J. AUGUSTIN

GLIUCKSTADT

PREFACE
Some twenty seasons of excavation in the Athenian Agora have brought to light vast quantities of pots and potsherds of Roman times, derived in part from occupationlevels and destruction debris, in part from more than one hundred distinct deposits, such as wells, cisterns, graves, building fills, etc.l Of this mass of pottery, over five thousand vessels and fragments of vessels have been entered in the excavation inventory; a still larger quantity has been stored in tins and wooden trays for future study and for the control of current studies. In preparingthe publication of this material it has been necessary to recognize two facts: the very abundance of the pottery from this one site necessitates a highly selective treatment; and the Agora pottery itself must serve as the basis for establishing the chronologicaland typological sequence of most of the ceramic output of the eastern Mediterraneanin Roman times. The present volume deals with some 850 specimens from eight major deposits and attempts by means of them to establish both a relative and an absolute chronology for the Roman wares of Athens. A subsequent volume, subtitled Typology, will contain detailed analyses of the various local and imported wares as well as a typological catalogue of coarse household and storage vessels. No attempt will be made to catalogue all the inventoried pottery of Roman date. The Roman pottery of the Agora excavations was first investigated by Frederick 0. Waage and the late Arthur Parsons, to both of whom the author is greatly indebted for personal communications and for the use of important notes. The study of the fine early Roman wares (Pergamene, Samian and Arretine), which will form a portion of the second volume, was entrusted to the writer in 1939 by the late Professor T. Leslie Shear, at that time Director of the Athenian Agora Excavations. The material for the present volume was gatheredin 1951-1953 and in the summer of 1955; during these periods the writer held a Fulbright Research Grant at the American School of Classical Studies at Athens (1951-1952), membership in the Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton (1952-1953), and two grants-in-aid from the Penrose Fund of the American Philosophical Society; assistance was also received from the Faculty Research Committee of the University of Oklahoma.To these organizationsthe writer is deeply indebted, as also to the many colleagues without whose encouragement,advice and practical guidance the work could never have been completed. Particular gratitude is due to the Directors of the American School of Classical Studies and of the Athenian Agora Excavations, Professors John L. Caskey and Homer A. Thompson; to Miss Lucy Talcott, for her excellent counsel at every stage of the investigations; to Miss Alison Frantz, who undertook so successfully the often painful task of photography; to Miss Mabel Lang, for many fruitful discussions of the storage vessels and for the reading and interpretation of the graffiti and dipinti; to Miss Judith Perlzweig, whose knowledge of the lamps of the Roman period has been invaluable; to Mrs. Aliki Halepa Bikaki, to whose sure hand are due the majority of the drawings (the author is
1

See Index of Roman Deposits, pp. 123-127.

vi

THE ATHENIAN AGORA: POTTERY OF THE ROMAN PERIOD

for the drawingsof graffitiand dipinti,executed,for the most part, beforeMiss responsible to Mrs.MaryWilliamson and readingof the originals); Eliot and Frederick Lang'sexamination to Miss Margaret R. Matsonfor technicaladvice on pottery-making; Crosby,Miss Virginia Mrs.ElizabethLydingWill, Howard Grace,MissFrancesF. Jones,MissClaireve Grandjouan, G. RogerEdwards,RichardHowland,LoukasA. Benachiand Comfort, EugeneVanderpool, many othersat excavationsites and museumsthroughoutthe Near East and Europe.
UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA HENRY S. ROBINSON

SEPTEMBER15, 1957

It is regrettablethat J. W. Crowfoot,G. M. Crowfoot,Kathleen M. Kenyon and others, Samaria-Sebeste,Reports of the Work of the Joint Expeditionin 1931-1933 and of the British Expeditionin 1935, No. 3, TheObjects fromSamaria,London,Palestine Exploration
Fund, 1957 appeared too tate for consultation.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
PREFACE ................................................. LIST OF PLATES ......................................... ABBREVIATIONSAND BIBLIOGRAPHY .......................... INTRODUCTION ........... GLOSSARY ...................................... ...................... ....... ....... ix xi 1 4

F ...................................... GROUP
GROUPG .................................................

10
22

H ................................................. GROUP J ...................................... GROUP

GROUPK .................................................

46

. 50
58

GROUP L .................................................
GROUPM ........................................... GROUPN .. . .......................................... .

73
82

. 121
123

INDEX OF ROMAN DEPOSITS ................................. CONCORDANCE OF INVENTORY AND CATALOGUE NUMBERS .......

128

INDEX ..................
PLATES

................

...........

.....

141

LIST OF PLATES
Plate 1-8 GroupF. 1st CenturyB.C.

GroupG. 1st CenturyB.C. and 1st Centuryafter Christ 5,6 GroupG. lst Centuryafter Christ 7 GroupG. 1st and Early 2nd Centuries J GroupG. Late 1st and Early 2nd Centuries 1 GroupH. First Half of 2nd Century 9-11 GroupJ. 2nd to Early 3rd Century 12-15 GroupK. Middleof 3rd Century 16 GroupL. 3rd and 4th Centuries 17 GroupL. 4th Century 18 GroupM. Middleof 1st to Early 3rd Century 19 GroupM. Middleof 1st to Early 2nd Century 20 GroupM. Late 1st to Early 2nd Century 21,22 GroupM. Late 2nd Century 28 GroupM. Late 2nd to Early 8rd Century 24,25 GroupM. Middleof 8rd Century 26 GroupM. Late 3rd to Early 4th Century 27 GroupM. Early 4th Century 28 GroupM. 4th Century 29 GroupM. Late 4th Century 80 GroupM. Early 5th Century 31 GroupM. 5th Century 32 GroupM. Early 6th Century 33 GroupM. 6th Century 34 GroupM. Late 6th Centuryand 9th and 10th Centuries 35 GroupN. Early 7th Century 86 Stamped Ornament
IMedallions - Bowls and Lamps

F. 1st CenturyB.C. Group

37 38 39,40 41 42 43

44 45

Painted Ornament.3rd and Early 4th Centuries GroupsF and G and CollateralDeposits CollateralDeposits MicaceousWater Jars, Details of Necks and Feet Handle Types Beaker, Corinth.Museumof Fine Arts, Boston. Cf. H 8 Base of Beaker SamianBowl, Egypt. Coll.L. Benachi, Alexandria.Cf. M 81 Thymiaterion,Cyrene.AmericanUniversity Museum,Beirut. Cf. G 159 Lamps. GroupsF and G Lamps. GroupsG-L

THE ATHENIAN AGORA: POTTERY OF THE ROMAN PERIOD

Plate 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61

62

63 64 65 66 67 68

69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76

Lamps. GroupM Lamps. GroupsG, J and M TerracottaFigures. GroupsG-M and Collateral Deposits Architectural Members.GroupsG, K and M and Collateral Deposits Terracottaand Wood. GroupsG-M Buckets of Wood, Bronzeand Lead. GroupsJ, L and M Sculpture.GroupsG, H and M Stone Objects. GroupsH, K, L and M Bronze,Iron and Lead. GroupsG, J-N Glassand Stone. GroupsH-N Glass. GroupsL and M Bone and Ivory. GroupsG, J, L and M Animaland VegetableRemains. GroupM Painted Mottoes. GroupsK and M Potters' Stamps. GroupsF, G, H and M Graffiti.GroupsF, L and M Dipinti. GroupsG and M Dipinti. GroupsF, H, J, L and M Profiles. PergameneWare Profiles. PergameneWare SamianB Ware SamianA Ware Profiles. SamianA Ware WesternSigillata Ware Fine Early Roman Wares Profiles. Fine Early Roman Wares West Slope Ware Profiles. Late Roman Red Ware GroupF. 1st CenturyB.C. Profiles. GroupsF and G. 1st CenturyB.C. and 1st Centuryafter Christ Profiles. GroupG. 1st Centuryafter Christ Profiles. GroupG. 1st and Early 2nd Centuries Profiles. GroupH. First Half of 2nd Century GroupJ. 2nd to Early 3rd Century GroupK. Middleof 3rd Century Profiles. GroupK. Middleof 3rd Century Profiles. GroupL. Late 3rd to Early 5th Century GroupM. 1st to 3rd Century Profiles. GroupM. 4th to 6th Century Profiles. Utility Vessels. Profiles. Details of Feet, Bases, Lips Miscellaneous Objects Section and Plan of GroupF Deposit Section and Plan of GroupK Deposit Section and Plan of GroupG Deposit Actual State Plan of the AthenianAgora

ABBREVIATIONS AND BIBLIOGRAPHY

The principalworkscited in this volume and the abbreviatedtitles by whichthey are mentionedare listed below: Rudolf Pagenstecher,ExpeditionErnst von Sieglin, Ausgrabungen in Alexandria, Band II, 3, Die Gefasse in Stein und Ton, Knochenschnitzereien, Leipzig, 1913. A. J. A. AmericanJournalof Archaeology. I Antioch Antioch, I, The Excavationsof 1932, ed. GeorgeW. Elderkin,Prin. on-the-Orontes, 1934. ceton, and Islamic Coins,ed. Frederick0. Waage, Antiochon-the-Orontes, IV, 1, Ceramics Antioch,IV, 1 Princeton, 1948. A. S. O. R. Suppl. Studies AmericanSchoolof OrientalResearch, Studies. Supplementary AthenianAgora The AthenianAgora, Results of Excavationsconducted by the AmericanSchoolof ClassicalStudiesat Athens. vol. I. Evelyn B. Harrison, PortraitSculpture,Princeton, 1953. (See below, Harrison,Sculpture). vol. II. Margaret the VenetianPeriod, Thompson,CoinsfromtheRomanthrough 1954. Princeton, (See below, Thompson,Coins). vol. IV. RichardH. Howland,Greek Lampsand theirSurvivals,Princeton,1958. (See below, Howland,Lamps). vol. VI. ClaireveGrandjouan,Terracottas of the RomanPeriod,in preparation. Terracottas). (See below, Grandjouan, vol. VII. Judith Perlzweigand ClaireveGrandjouan, Lampsof theRomanPeriod, in preparation.(See below, Perlzweig, Lamps and Perlzweig-Grandjouan, Lamps). Ath. Mitt. desDeutschen Instituts,Athenische Mitteilungen archiaologischen Abteilung. B.C.H. Bulletin de correspondance hellinique. Beth-Shan GeraldM. Fitzgerald, Beth-ShanExcavations1921-1923, The Arab and Byzantine Levels,Philadelphia,1931. (See also below, Comfort-Waag6, B-S.). Bonn. Jahrb. BonnerJahrbiicher. vol. IV, ii. Broneer,Lamps Corinth, B.S.A. Annual of the British Schoolat Athens. RomanPottery,London,Faber and Faber, 1955. Charleston,Rom. Pot. R(obert) J. Charleston, Boston H. Chase, George Chase, Catalogue of ArretinePottery (Museumof Fine Arts, Boston), Boston, 1916. Chase,Loeb GeorgeH. Chase,TheLoebCollection of ArretinePottery,New York, 1908. C.I.L. Latinarum. CorpusInscriptionum Howard Comfort,"De Collectione.. vasculorumarretinorum. . ," Memoirsof the Comfort,Arret. AmericanAcademyin Rome,VII, 1929, pp. 177-219. Minturnae Howard Comfort,"TerraSigillata from Minturnae,"A. J. A., XLVII, 1948, pp. Comfort, 313-330. Howard Comfort,"ArretineSignaturesfound in the Excavations in the Theater Comfort,Signatures District of Corinth,"A. J. A., XXXIII, 1929, pp. 484-501. HowardComfort,"Supplementary Comfort,Suppl. Sigs. Sigillata Signaturesin the Near East," Journal of the AmericanOriental Society,LVIII, 1988, pp. 80-60. Alexandria

xii

THE ATHENIAN AGORA: POTTERY OF THE ROMAN PERIOD

Howard Comfort, art. "Terra Sigillata," in Pauly-Wissowa,R. E., suppl. VII (1940),cols. 1295-1852. B-S. Howard Comfortand FrederickO.Waage, "Selected Pottery from Beth-Shan," Comfort-Waage, PalestineExploration Fund Quarterly Statement, 1936, pp. 221-224. (See also above, Beth-Shan). Corinth Resultsof Excavations conducted Schoolof ClassicalStudies Corinth, by theAmerican at Athens. vol. IV, ii. Oscar Broneer, Terracotta Lamps, Cambridge, Mass., 1934. (See above, Broneer,Lamps). vol. XII. GladysR. Davidson, TheMinorObjects, Princeton,1952. (See below, Minor Davidson, Objects). XII. vol. Minor Davidson, ObjectsCorinth, John Day, An EconomicHistory of AthensunderRomanDomination,New York, Day, Ec. Hist. 1942. Hans Dragendorff,"Terra Sigillata," Bonner Jahrbiicher, XCVI-XCVII, 1895, Dragendorff,T. S. pp. 18-155. Final ReportIV, Part 1, fasc. Dura, IV, 1, 2 DorothyH. Cox, The Excavationsat Dura-Europos, and RomanPottery,New Haven, 1949. 2, TheGreek in Ephesosveroffentlicht vomOsterreichischen Institute, archaeologischen Forschungen Ephesos,I Band I, Wien, 1906. Grandjouan, Terracottas AthenianAgora,vol. VI. Loeschcke, "KeramischeFunde in Haltern," Altertums-Kommission Haltern,I fiir Siegfried V, 1909, pp. 101-322. Mittheilungen, Westfalen, bei Haltern," Altertums-Kommission Karl Hahnle, "Ausgrabungen Haltern,II fur Westfalen, 33-100. VI, 1912, pp. Mittheilungen, sur la premiere desfouillesde Hama HaraldIngholt, Rapport Hama, I campagne preliminaire Danske Videnskabernes archaeol.-kunsthist. Selskab, Meddelelser,I, 3), (Kgl. 1934. Copenhagen, defouillesa Hamaen Syrie, surseptcampagnes HaraldIngholt, Rapport Hama, II prdliminaire 1932-1938 (Kgl. DanskeVidenskabernes archaeol.-kunsthist. Selskab, Meddelelser, 1940. III, 1), Copenhagen, AthenianAgora,vol. I. Harrison,Sculpture Emil Ritterling, Das friihromische Lager bei Hofheim im Taunus (Annalen des Hofheim Vereinsfur nassauischeAltertumskunde, XL), Wiesbaden,1913. uit het middelen romeinsche H. J. Het Leiden Holwerda, Holwerda, gebruiksaardewerk laat-grieksche te van oudheden 1986. in het Leiden,'s-Gravenhage, landsche-zeegebied rijksmuseum AthenianAgora,vol. IV. Howland,Lamps Vols. II-III (editio minor,Berlin, 1913-1940), Inscriptiones I.G. II2 Graecae, Inscriptiones Atticae Euclidis anno posteriores,ed. Johannes Kirchner. CII, 1898, Ihm, Arret.Topf. T6pfereien,"BonnerJahrbiicher, M(aximilian)Ihm, "Die arretinischen 106-126. pp. J. H. Iliffe,"SigillataWaresin the NearEast, a List of Potters' Stamps,"Q.D.A.P., Iliffe, Stamps,I VI, 1936, pp. 4-53. J. H. Iliffe, "SigillataWaresin the NearEast, II, MorePotters' Stamps,"Q.D.A.P., Iliffe, Stamps,II IX, 1939, pp. 31-76. Instituts. des Deutschen Jahrbuch Jahrb. archdologischen Institutesin Wien. des Osterreichischen Jahresh. archdologischen Jahreshefte Hellenic Studies. Journal of J.H.S. Journal of RomanStudies. J.R.S. Karl Kubler, "Zum Formwandelin der spiitantikenattischen Tonplastik,"JahrKiibler,Kerameikos buchdes Deutschen Instituts,LXVII, 1952, pp. 99-145. archdologischen

Comfort,T. S.

ABBREVATIONSAND BIBLIOGRAPHY
Lang, DatedJars I Oberaden,

*t ]L

Mabel Lang, "Dated Jars of Early Imperial Times," Hesperia, XXIV, 1955, pp.

277-285.

Ohlenroth,Rdtien Olbia Ornavasso Ostdelta

Introd. Oswald-Pryce, Oxe, Kerameikos Ox6, Rhein Pergamon,I, 2

Perlzweig,Lamps Perlzweig-Grandjouan, AthenianAgora,vol. VII, chapteron Plastic Lamps. Lamps Petra G. Horsfieldand A. Horsfield,"Sela-Petra,the Rock, of Edom and Nabatene.IV, The Finds," Q.D.A.P., IX, 1941, pp. 105-204. Pnyx, I Gladys R. Davidson and Dorothy B. Thompson,Small Objects from the Pnyx, I (Hesperia,Suppl. VII), 1943. Pnyx, II Lucy Talcott, Barbara Philippaki, G. Roger Edwards and Virginia R. Grace, Small Objects fromthe Pnyx, II (Hesperia,Suppl. X), 1956. Priene TheodoreWiegand and Hans Schrader,Priene, Ergebnisse der Ausgrabungen und in den Jahren1895-1898, Berlin, 1904. Untersuchungen Q.D.A. P. of theDepartment Quarterly of Antiquitiesin Palestine. Samaria GeorgeA. Reisner, ClarenceS. Fisher and David G. Lyon, HarvardExcavations at Samaria,1908-1910, 2 vols., Cambridge, Mass., 1924. I WernerTechnau,"Griechische Keramikim samischenHeraion,"Ath. Mitt., LIV, Samos, 1929, pp. 6-64. RichardEilmann, "FrtihegriechischeKeramikim samischenHeraion,"Ath. Mitt., Samos,II LVIII, 1933, pp. 47-145. William H. Buckler and David M. Robinson, Sardis, Publicationsof the American Sardis, VII Society for the Excavationof Sardis, VII, Greekand Latin Inscriptions, Part I, Leyden, 1932. Sig. Vogell Altertiimer Fundortsaus demBesitze siidrussischen [(Johannes)Boehlau],Griechische des HerrnA. Vogell,Karlsruhe,Versteigerungzu Kassel durchM. Cramer,26-80 Mai, 1908. Svoronos,Ath. J(oannes) N. Svoronos, Tresorde la numismatique ancienne,Les monnaies grecque d'Athenes, Munich,1923-1926. Tarsus,I Hetty Goldman,ed., Excavationsat G&zliKule, Tarsus, I, The Hellenisticand RomanPeriods, Princeton, 1950, especiallyChap.VI, The Pottery, by FrancesF. Jones.

in Oberaden Das Romerlager und das Uferkastell an der Lippe in Beckinghausen aus (Ver6ffentlichungen dem stidtischen Museumfur Vor- und Friihgeschichte, Dortmund, Band II), Heft 1, Bodenbefund, Miinzen, Sigillaten und Inschriften, ed. ChristophAlbrecht,Dortmund,1988. "ItalischeSigillatamit Auflagenaus Ritien und dem romischen LudwigOhlenroth, Germanien."Archdologisches Institut des Deutschen Reiches, Romisch-germanische Kommission,24./25. Bericht, 1934/1935,pp. 234-254. T. Knipowitsch,Die Keramik Zeitaus Olbiain derSammlung r'omischer derEremitage zur r6misch-germanischen Keramik,vol. IV, 1), Frankfurta. M., 1929. (Materialien Enrico Bianchetti, I Sepolcretidi Ornavasso (Atti della Societh di Archeologiae Belle Arti per la Provincia di Torino,VI), Turin, 1895. S. Schott, E. Neufferand K. Bittel, "Bericht uber die zweite ... nach dem Ostdelta-rand... Erkundungsfahrt," Deutsches Institut fiir agyptische Altertumskunde in Kairo, Mitteilungen, 39-73. II, 1931, pp. Felix Oswaldand T. Davies Pryce, An Introduction to the Study of TerraSigillata, London, 1920. August Oxe, "Terra Sigillata aus dem Kerameikos,"Ath. Mitt., LII, 1927, pp. 213-224. August Oxe, ArretinischeReliefgefassevom Rhein (Materialienzur r6misch-germanischenKeramik,vol. V), Frankfurta. M., 1933. Alexander Conze, Altertilmer von Pergamon,Band I, 2, Stadt und Landschaft, Berlin, 1918. AthenianAgora,vol. VII.

xiv

THE ATHENIAN AGORA: POTTERY OF THE ROMAN PERIOD AthenianAgora,vol. II. HomerA. Thompson,"Two Centuriesof HellenisticPottery," Hesperia,III, 1984, pp. 811-480. in Tschandarli," Ath. Mitt., XXXVII, SiegfriedLoeschoke,"Sigillata-Tipfereien 1912, pp. 344-407. Hans Dragendorff and CarlWatzinger,Arretinische mit Beschreibung Reliefkeramik derSammlung in Tibingen,Reutlingen,1948. FrederickO. Waage, "The Roman and Byzantine Pottery," Hesperia,II, 1933, pp. 279-328. and RomanLampsin the BritishMuseum, of theGreek Henry B. Walters,Catalogue London, 1914. of theRomanPotteryin theDepartments ofAntiquities, Henry B. Walters,Catalogue British Museum,London,1908.

Thompson,Coins Thompson,H. P. Tschandarli Ti2bingen Waage, Agora Walters,Lamps Walters,Rom. Pot.

INTRODUCTION
T he pottery treated in this volume was used in Athens during seven hundred years, from the middle of the 1st century before Christ to the early 7th century after Christ.It is convenient, though historically inaccurate, to speak of this pottery, regardless of place of manufacture, as Roman pottery. The chronological limits are determined not on historical but on ceramic grounds, as will be made clear below. The pottery produced in Greece and in the eastern Mediterraneanbasin during this Roman period has only in late years been the object of careful study, while the contemporary wares of Italy and western Europe have long been well known. The reasons for this discrepancy are not hard to find. Principal among them are the decorative nature and the intrinsic artistic interest of the western wares; the eastern pottery is less frequently and often less tastefully ornamented. Another reason lies in the fortunate discovery in the West of many potters' kilns and of dated sites, which have made possible the establishment of an accurate chronology, the distinction of the products of the various manufacturing centers, and a rewarding technical analysis of productionmethods. But it is just to drawattention also to the fact that archaeologists working in the eastern Mediterraneanarea have all too often directed their activity primarily toward monuments of pre-Roman date. However, recent explorations, notably at Antioch, Tarsus and Athens, have significantly increased our knowledge of the wares of the eastern Mediterraneanin Roman times. The material from Antioch and Tarsus, already fully published,' has been most valuable in providing an extensive repertory of fabrics, shapes and decorative motifs; but the nature of these sites was such that neither offered a sound chronologicalframework for the study of the wares. At Athens the German excavations of the Kerameikos have produced great quantities of late Roman lamps, terracottas and pottery, but chronological evidence seems to be meager, and the publication is by no means complete.2 Fortunately, the excavations conducted since 1931 in the Agora of Athens have made available data sufficient to establish both the relative and the absolute chronology of much of the pottery produced in the eastern Mediterraneanduring the entire Roman period.3 In the following pages there is presented an analysis of eight groups of pottery, several of them stratified, all of which can be dated within reasonably close limits.4 Through this analysis
1 Antioch, I; Antioch, IV, 1; Tarsus, I. See Oxe, Kerameikos; Kiibler, Kerameikos, and the references there cited in footnotes 1-2. 3 For an earlier study of Roman pottery from the Agora excavations, see Waage, Agora. Many of the potter's stamps have been published by niffe (Stamps, I and Stamps, II); in the catalogue, reference to Iliffe's publication will be omitted except in cases of correction of his readings. 4 Although in some deposits considerable numbers of coins have been found, these have proved chiefly of negative value in confirming the chronology outlined here. Many coins were so corroded as to be wholly illegible; still more were in a condition which permitted no more than a partial identification, or general indication of date. Only those coins sufficiently well preserved to be included in the Agora catalogue of coins are listed here; and of these, only such as are of significance for the date of a given group or layer. Partial identifications (e.g., Athenian New Style, Athenian Imperial) have, however, been taken into account and it may be stated that there is nothing in any of the numismatic evidence which conflicts with the other types of evidence presented. For Roman Imperial issues, the published catalogue (Thompson, Coins) number is given and the dates cited follow the publication. For the Athenian Imperial issues, the dates given are those supplied by Mrs. Josephine Platner Harwood, based on her study of these types and classes (Hesperia, V, 1936, pp. 285-332); her references to Svoronos' plates (Svoronos, Ath.) are also added. For Athenian New Style and other types and issues, the dating in general follows the practice set up in Mrs. Harwood's article in Hesperia, II, 1933, pp. 231-278, and is that given in the Agora catalogue.
2

THE ATHENIAN AGORA: POTTERY OF THE ROMAN PERIOD

it becomes possible to establish (as Thompson has demonstrated in connection with Hellenistic pottery5), a general chronologicalframeworkwithin which fit the numerous local and imported wares of the Roman period. The eight groups here catalogued were chosen because they seemed to offer more satisfactory and abundant evidence for typology and chronology than the others available up to 1953.6 Evidence from other groups will be adduced as required to supplement not reported here that of the major eight;7 but in general it will be found that the ingroups duplicate the material from Groups F to N8 without adding significantly to the information which the latter make available. Within the eight groups studied considerableoverlapping will be observed (especially in the case of GroupM, a stratified well filling which covers almost the entire Roman period and which is most important from the point of view of relative chronology). This overlapping seems justified, however, by the typological completeness which it makes possible. Group F, which is dated in the last three quarters of the 1st century B.C., represents the beginning of the Roman period from the ceramic standpoint. In the Hellenistic period the fine pottery in use in Athens xyas predominantly of black glaze and of local manufacture;9 this tradition was maintained without seriousinterruptionuntil the early lst century B.C. In 86 B.C. Roman troops under Sulla breached the walls of Athens between the Sacred Gate and the Piraeus Gate and sacked the city.10It is logical to suppose that the potters' quarter, lying in the line of march of the Roman troops toward the Agora, sufferedseverely at this time. Many of the potteries were doubtless destroyed; many potters, with their families, if they had been fortunate enough to survive the famine of the siege-days, may have fallen a prey to the slaughter wreaked by Sulla's soldiers on those early March days when Athenian blood flowed in the streets of the market and the Kerameikos. Such a supposition is certainly strengthened by the nature of the Athenian ceramic output of the generations immediately following the sack of 86 B.C.: the good black glaze of earlier days is almost totally lacking, and the fine "pinkish buff" clay which had characterized Attic vases for many centuries is replaced by different, and in many cases inferior, fabrics. Further, the importation of fine wares from Italy and the East increases considerablyas the quality of the local wares declines in the latter half of the century. Because of this sharp break in pottery styles occurringafter the sack of Athens by Sulla's troops, it has seemed appropriate to select the year 86 B.C. as the arbitrary dividing point between the Hellenistic and Roman periods in the history of Attic ceramics. The end of the Roman period, again from the point of view of pottery production, will be placed at that point (not yet clearly defined in terms of chronology) when the dull paints of late Roman pottery gave way to the lustrous glazes associated with Byzantine times. As this change takes place after the early years of the 7th century of our era, it may perhaps be
5 See Thompson, H.P. 6 More useful groups may still be found, as the excellent stratified well group excavated in the summer of 1955, Deposit Q 17:4 (Hesperia, XXV, 1956, pp. 53-57, pls. 14-15). 7 In certain instances, where uninventoried sherds from a given group reveal the presence of a significant type of vessel preserved in too fragmentary condition to justify cataloguing, a more complete specimen of the vessel from another group or deposit may be incorporated in the catalogue; in such cases, the foreign piece will receive a serial number within the groiup catalogue, but its number will be cited (both in text and in plates) within square brackets, as [G 99]. 8 Since the five groups of Hellenistic pottery from the Agora previously studied by Thompson (Thompson, H.P.) are identified by the letters A-E, the next eight letters of the alphabet (omitting I) are used here for the groups of Roman pottery. Hereafter, reference to Hellenistic material from Thompson's five groups will be made solely by the citation of the group letter (A-E). 9 See Thompson, H.P.; a catalogue of the Hellenistic pottery from the Agora excavations is being prepared by G. Roger Edwards. 10Plutarch, Sulla, xiv; Appian, Mithri-ates, xxxviii.

INTRODUCTION

associatedwith that time at which Runcimansays "the Roman empireturs the corer to Not all historianswill allowthat the "Byzantine" Byzantinism."11 periodas such beginsat so late a date; yet for ceramicpurposes,the changewhich then took place in methodsof manufacturemarksthe end of the Romanand the beginningof the Byzantineera. Betweenthese two extremeslies one important the year 267, in whichAthens pointderepere, was invadedby the Heruli.The extent of the damagecausedby their sack of the city has been in the Agora,the Pnyx and the Kerameikos.l2 demonstrated Theimmediatephysicaleffectwas of portionsof the city wallsand of manyhomesand publicbuildingswhichlay the destruction in ruins,unoccupied, for someyears.Not long afterthe sack,perhaps in the time of the emperor Probus(276-282),the fortifications of the city wererepaired and reduced in extent, the new line a small area directlynorth of the Acropolis.13 The old GreekAgorawas left outside embracing the walls, its buildingsin ruinsand the ruins alreadypillagedfor the construction of the new defenses.The wells whichservedthese buildingswere abandoned-somefilledwith debrisand the reoccupation ultimatelycovered others,thoughunused, by laterstructures, keptopenpending of what had long been the center of the civic and intellectuallife of the city. Large scale theAgora was not resumeduntil probablythe early 5th century. It is unlikely, activity inthoo within the however, that the entire populationof the city could have been accommodated narrowexpanseof the new fortifiedarea. Doubtlesssome of the populationmoved back very soon onto the slopes of the Areopagus and into the old market-square, possiblyas squatters, builttheirhuts withinthe ruinsof the olderhouses,equipped themfromthe damaged furnishings whichthey pulledout fromunderfallenwalls and suppliedthem with waterfromthe old well shafts.The historiesof the two wellswhichsuppliedGroups L and M point to this reawakening of life in the region. Economicreactionto the sack by the Heruli was apparentlynot so far-reaching as might have been expected.The coinagein circulation withinthe city showsno appreciable, prolonged and decline,14 althoughthe importationof foreignpottery fell off sharply,the local ceramic industryremainedvigorous.The schoolsof Athens,at least duringthe 4th century,enjoyeda which culminatedin the early 5th century in the period of great renownand prosperity,15 overthe ruinsof the Odeion of Agrippa, of a largecomplex of Universitybuildings.16 construction, With the closingof the schoolsof Athensby Justinianin 529, the intellectuallife of the pagan of the philosopher-teachers andtheironcenumerous city cameto an end; andwith the departure band of auditors,the city suffereda loss of prestige and prosperityfrom which it did not
recover until Byzantine times. The changing fortunes of the city during the seven centuries of the Roman period are reflected in the ceramic output of the local potteries and in the quantity, quality and source of the

foreignwaresimportedinto Athens.The secondvolumeof this study will attemptto relate the historyof the city to the severalindividualwaresor fabricswhichwill therebe analysed.In the presentvolumehistoricalmatterwill be introduced only insofaras it aids in the establishment of the generalchronological of the Attic and non-Atticwaresused in the city. sequence
12 Hesperia, XIX, 1950, p. 134; Thompson, Coins, p. 2; Harrison, Sculpture, pp. 90-92; Kubler, Kerameikos, p. 101; Hesperia, XII, 1943, pp. 370-372; Day, Ec. Hist., pp. 258-261. 13 See the plan by John Travlos, 1950 (1951), pl. A (fol. p. 52). TnpoaicrtK, 14 Thompson, Coins, pp. 2-3, and chart of coinage ratios, p. x. 15 Day, Ec. Hist., pp. 258-268. 16 H. A. Thompson, Hesperia, XIX, 1950, pp. 134-139. For contemporary constructions of similar purpose in the Academy and the Library of Hadrian, lnpancKd, 1950 (1951), pp. 53-56; on the south slope of the Acropolis, B.C.H., LXXX, 1956, pp. 232-234.

'" S. Runciman, Byzantine Civilisation, London, 1933, p. 40.

1*

GLOSSARY
of objectsin the catalogue,the followingabbreviations, In the description terms descriptive have been employed: and conventions
NUMBERS OF OBJECTS

During the course of excavation, each object uncoveredwhich was thought worthy of recordreceivedan inventory numberprecededby a letter or letters which indicated its categoryor material,as shownbelow. For the purposesof this study, the objects from each of the eight groupshave.received additional,arbitrarycataloguenumbersprecededby the groupletter. In the text and cataloguewhich follow, group numbersare printed in bold face type, inventory numbersin regulartype; in the plates, where type distinctionis not made, a few inventory numbersare precededby "Inv." in order to avoid confusionwith group numbers. Numbers Inventory The letters preceding inventorynumbersindicatecategoriesor materials,as follows:
A B BI G I IL L MCP S SS ST T Architecture Bronze Bone and Ivory Glass Inscriptions Iron and Lead Lamps MiscellaneousClay Objects Pottery Sculpture Stamps and Seals Stone Terracotta

W - Wood Numbers Catalogue A-E (Thompnumbers Catalogue preceded by A, B, C, D, E referto HellenisticGroups H. son, P.). numbers published preceded by F, G, H, J, K, L, M, N referto RomanGroups Catalogue in this volume. is Cataloguenumbersset within loweredbracketsindicate objects whose provenance other than that of the Roman Groupsas such (see above, p. 2, note 7)

GLOSSARY
ABBREVIATIONS

height (unlessotherwisespecified,the height is measuredfrom foot to lip and does not includeprojectionof handleabove the lip) D. diameter(unlessotherwisespecified,this measurement is taken at the point of maximumdiameter) W. width Th. thickness L. to includethe handle length (in the case of lamps,the lengthis measured and nozzle) Max. dim. maximumpreserved dimension P.H. (P.D.,etc.) height (diameter,etc.) as preserved est. estimated rest. as restored (restoration,in plaster, has been undertakenonly where justifiedby the remainsof the vessel itself or by analogousspecimens) at t. (orb.) a.h. at level of top (or bottom)attachmentof handle
DESCRIPTIVE TERMS

H.

Glaze- This termhas been interpreted freely. The glaze of Arretineand of some Samian B.C. potterymay trulybe saidto rivalthe best Attic glazesof the 6th and5th centuries Mostotherglazesof the Romanperiodare dull and thin; thereis no reason,however, to think that their basic chemicalcomposition is differentfrom that of the Attic or Arretinealkalineglazes-their inferiorqualityis due to poormixing,thin application or poorlycontrolledfiring,or to a combination of these factors. The absence of referenceto glaze in the descriptionof an object in the catalogue indicatesthat the piece was not glazed; whereglaze is described,ths object will be to be glazedoverall(in the case of closedvesselsand lamps,this meansthe presumed entire exteriorsurface).The additionof the term "partial"to a descriptionof glaze signifiesthat on the exteriorof the vessel the glazeis limitedto the upperpart (thus, an open vessel, such as a bowl or plate, if partiallyglazed,has glaze on the interior and on the upperpart of the exteriorsurface). Slip - This term is appliedto a coatingof thinnedclay appliedin almostliquid state to the surfaceof a vessel beforefiring.Slips are frequentlyto be found on non-glazed the presenceof slip is readily vessels,especiallythe smaller-sized jugs and amphorae; detectedin many caseswhereit showsa tendencyto flakeaway fromthe body of the vase. Generally the slip is of the same coloras the body (self-slip);occasionally it has a different colorwhichis probablydue to the use of a different mixture. The clay slip was presumably after the vase had reached the leather-hard when applied condition, it was given its final turning.It is not impossiblethat the slip was employedin the hope of concealingsome of the inequalitiesof surfaceleft by carelessturning. Mattwhite slip - This termis appliedto a relativelythick coatingof dull, white slip used on local incenseburners(as H 15, M 74, M 224). Such vessels are often particularly of gray clay, not carefullyturned; the slip may have been intendedto concealthe poorquality and colorof the body, but it is itself remarkably fugitive.

THE ATHENIAN AGORA: POTTERY OF THE ROMAN PERIOD Double-dipping- The open vessels of Pergamene and Samian ware were normally glazed by dipping one half the circumferenceof the vessel into the glaze basin, then turning the piece 1800 and dipping the other half; as a result, the two immersions into the glaze usually overlapped slightly, leaving a narrow streak of darker glaze running across the surface inside and out. This double-dipping process was not employed on other Roman or on Hellenistic wares, though most pottery of the Roman era was probably glazed by dipping (a single immersion) rather than by painting. Wheel-ridging- In the throwing process the potter's finger tip or knuckle, or a blade with rounded end, held against the exterior of the body and moved up or down as the vessel revolves on the wheel, creates a spiral groove and spiral ridges about the body (P1.13, K 81). Usually, in the course of turning, these grooves and ridges are eliminated by the pressureof a wooden blade against the surface. The potter of Roman times often removed these irregularities only over part of the body (often just above the base, the turning of which of necessity involved the smoothing of the surface immediately above), leaving the wheel-ridgesexposed over the balance of the surface (PI. 14, K 82). In some cases the ridges were merely flattened in the turning process (P1. 13, K 64); in others, as in numerous jus of the 3rd century and nd later, the wheel-ridges were a executed and as form of retained decoration were neatly (PI. 13, K 69-70). Spiral grooving - By the use of an instrument with a narrow end or even a point, the potter may produce ridges which are close-set and sharp (PI. 34, M 371, shoulder). This spiral grooving generally covers the upper portion of the body; in some instances the ridges between the groove-lines are partially flattened in the turning process, as in the case of wheel-ridging. This form of decoration appears in the 4th century and becomes common in the 5th and 6th. Combing- On some vessels of the 6th and 7th centuries a decoration of parallel horizontal or wavy lines was obtained by holding the points of a fragment of comb against the pot as it revolved on the wheel. This practice, of great antiquity in the Near East,' is still followed by some Athenian potters of the present day. Gouging- Another form of decoration on later wares consists of lines cut into the exterior surface of the vessel, after turning, by means of a round-nosed blade or chisel. The lines are often vertical or oblique, carelessly incised all around the body (PI. 30, M 292-293, M 298-299); occasionally they are used to create neat patterns of "leaves" or "trees" (PI. 31, [M 312]). Gougeddecoration is rare before the time of the Herulian sack of Athens (cf. K 32, M 115, [M 167]). Foot types - The following terms, used to describe feet of vessels in the catalogue, are illustrated by profile drawingson Plates 73 and 63: 1. Ring foot - a foot which is clearly set off from the wall on the exterior and from the base on the interior (Pl. 73, G 13, G 82, M 94). 2. False ring foot - a foot which is set off from the base on the interior but which on the exterior forms the termination of the wall (P1. 73, G 21, M 176). 3. Pedestal foot (PI. 63, G 45). 4. Tubular foot (Pl. 73, P 822).

1 On gray Minyan ware in Troy VI (Blegen, Caskey, and Rawson, Troy, vol. III, The Sixth Settlement,Princeton, 1953, 46, p. fig. 312, no. 37.1038 and passim); also reported in Troy VIII (Prof. Cedric Boulter). Cf. also J.H.S., LII, 1932, p. 5.

GLOSSARY

Base types - The term "base"is used to meanthat part of the undersurface of the vessel whichlies insidethe line of the foot (or,in the absenceof foot, the restingsurfaceof the pot, as J 19, N 1-11). Fourspecialtypes of base, listed below,are illustratedby profile on Plates 73 and 60: drawings 1. Offsetbase - the base is separatedby one or moreridgesfrom the inside surface of the foot (P1.60, F 3, F 12 and F 14). 2. Conicalbase - the base, instead of being flat, has the shape of an inverted cone (P1.73, G 82 and P 822). 3. Moulded base- duringturningthe baseis markedby alternating broad,concentric and 94 M and ridges grooves(P1.73, [M 101]). 4. Grooved base - the base is markedby a groovejust insidethe foot (P1.73, M 146 and M 48). Lip and rim types - In generalthe term"lip"is appliedto the uppertermination of the "rim" describes that of the near the lip, which is sometimesset profile; part vessel, off by a markedchangein profile.Four specialtypes of lip and rim are illustratedby profiledrawingson Plate 73: 1. Carinate rim - the rim is undercutand sharplyset off fromthe wall (G 33). 2. Flangedrim- the verticalrimis set off fromthe wall by a horizontal or projection flange(G 175, G 13). 3. Rolledlip - the lip is thickenedinto a roll or collar(M96; cf. also P1.22, M95-98). 4. Thickened lip - the fabricof the neckis thickerat the top and often flaresoutward (M166; cf. also P1.24, M 166 and P1.25, M 176-178). Handle types - The following terms, used to describehandles in the catalogue, are illustratedon Plates 42 and 41: 1. Sliced handle - these handles are apparentlymade of narrowstrips cut from a thin sheet of clay by means of a knife or taut wire (P1.42, [G 103] and G 183). 2. Splayedhandle- the upperand lowerattachmentsof the handleare pressedout to the sidesby the potter'sfingers in orderto insurea firmjunctionbetweenhandle and body (P1.41, left). 3. Straphandle- a broad,flat handle(cf. no. 4, below). 4. Ridged(grooved) handle- a straphandlemarkedby prominent groovesand ridges runninglengthwise(P1.42, J 13, M 167, M 357). 5. Rolled handle - a handle made of a strip of clay, rolled on the potter's bench no. 6, (cf. below). 6. Doublerolledhandle (P1.42, G 198). 7. Ribbonhandle- a horizontalhandle,often ridged,appliedclose to the body and servingprimarilyfor decoration(P1.42, K 20). 8. Twist handle - a handle made of two or more rolls of clay twisted or braided F together(P1.42, 68). Filling hole - Athenianhouseholders frequentlybrokea hole in the shoulderof a closed after its vessel, originalcontentshad been exhausted,in orderto facilitateits re-use for drawingwater; this hole becamethe fillinghole, while the originalmouth served as an escapefor air whenthe jar was loweredinto the well water (the fillingholes are

THE ATHENIAN AGORA: POTTERY OF THE ROMANPERIOD

visiblein the photographs of J 61, [J 46] and J 60 on PI. 11). Such holes are found in amphorae andjars of the 2nd centuryand later. Mrs.Evelyn Smithson commonly informsme that similar re-use of medium-sized oinochoaioccurredin the Protogeometricand early Geometric periodsin Athens. andjugs occasionally) Mastic- Winestoragejars frequently(andsmalleramphorae were is in linedon the interiorwith a resinous the of which found residue settled substance, a thick mass at the bottom of the vessel and in a thin coatingover the wall (PI. 35, M 99). This substanceis generallyblack in color, with a glossy surface,and very it flakesawayreadily;whenheated,it gives off a pungentodor. brittle;whenchipped, Mr.EarleR. Caleyin 1937examinedsamplesof this substancefrom4th centuryjars
of GroupM and declaredit to be mastic gum.2 The presence of such a lining in vessels

cataloguedbelow will be indicated by the addition of the word "mastic"to the of the fabric. description Storage- In addition to the inventoriedobjects from the eight groups, there are in storage numerouspots and fragmentswhich have not been consideredworthy of importancein inventory numbers;such pieces, however, may be of considerable fabrics and and of certain limits relative frequency establishingthe chronological pieces are mentionedin the catalogue,they are shapes. When such uninventoried underthe heading"Storage." introduced Deposit- Thistermis usedto referto any physicalunit (well,cistern,grave,pit, layer of finds presentsufficienthomogeneity destructiondebris,etc.) in which the recovered In the Index of RomanDeposits to be of valuein the study of type, style, chronology. to in this volume;an expla(pp. 123-127)will be founda list of all depositsreferred is also for nation of the gridnumbering given there. system deposits Group- This wordis used to referto the materialcontentsof a deposit. Context - Objectswhich do not derive from specific deposits are yet often found in associationwith some othermaterial(pottery,lamps,coins)whichmay be helpfulin withoutreference Whensuchobjectsarecitedin the catalogue chronology. confirming that no validchronological evidenceis available. to contextor date,it is to be assumed
CONVENTIONS

as of the Christian era unlessotherwisespecified. Dates - Dates are to be understood - All measurements are given in meters (the "m." is omitted in the Measurements of the objects). descriptions Descriptions Detailed descriptionof the shape of a vessel is often omitted when the or profiledrawing. shapeis clearfrom the photograph those used in the followingcatalogueare boundto be Color- As all color descriptions, in coloridentification can be achievedonlythrough deceptiveto the reader. Uniformity 3 the use of a standardcolorchart yet the use of such a chartis unsatisfactory, except
2 On the use of mastic and other resins by the ancients for flavoring their wines (both in casks and jars) see: Dioscurides, Mat. Med., V, 34; Cato, De Agri Cltura, XXIII; Pliny, Nat. Hist., XII, 72, XIV, 120-124, 127-128, 134, XVI, 53-58, XXIII, 45-46; Columella, XII, 18,23-24. It is perhaps questionable whether the method of flavoring with resin described by Cato would leave so considerable a deposit in the jars as that which can still be found in many from the Agora excavations; but the preliminary lining of the jars with pitch would certainly do so (Cato and Columella, oe. citt.). With the ancient name of the resin-flavored wine, prl-Tvifris,compare the modermiErrlvrra. 3 As the Munsell Soil Color Charts,prepared by the Munsell Color Co., Baltimore, Md.

GLOSSARY

for the finest fabrics, becausemost pottery vessels exhibit numerousvariationsin color of clay on the surfaceand at the core and other variationsin the color of the glaze, the result, for the most part, of unstable firing conditionsin the kiln. It is, furthermore, highly probablethat the student workingprimarilywith pottery may the colorof a clay lamporfigurine in termscommon describe to potterydescription but different fromthose whichwouldbe usedby one whoseconcern was primarily with the lamps or figurines.
CROSSREFERENCES

of Greeklamps,the type classifications established Lamps- In descriptions by Howland (Howland,Lamps) are followed. The Corinthlamp types of Broneer'spublication to occasionally; but the Corinthian are (Broneer, Lamps)are referred type distinctions often not strictly applicable to the lampsfoundin Athens.The lampsof Romandate from the Agora will be published by Miss Judith Perlzweig (Perlzweig,Lamps) withoutdivisioninto specifically numbered types; the plasticlampswill be treatedby MissClaireveGrandjouan in the same volume (Perlzweig-Grandjouan, Lamps).Cross are providedin the ensuingcataloguefor eachlamppublished references by Howland, For Howlandthe appropriate number is given. Perlzweig,or Grandjouan. catalogue For Perlzweigand Grandjouan referenceis by author'sname only to the volume where cross referencemay be found by consulting the inventory number in the Concordance. For plastic lamps the name Perlzweig-Grandjouan is used to disTerracottas. tinguish from Grandjouan, - MissClaireveGrandjouan Terracottas will publishthe terracottasof Romandate from the Agora(Grandjouan, Crossreferences to her volume are providedin Terracottas). the followingcatalogueby author'sname only.

GROUP F
LAST THRI-EE QUARTERSOF IST CENTURY B.C. GroupF constitutesthe upperfillingof Deposit N 19:1, a cisternon the northslope of the a privatehouse)withwhichthe cistern was associated,as The building(presumably Areopagus. of a modem well as the upperpart of the cisternneck, had beencut awayby the construction house in whosecellarfloorthe cisternopeningwas discovered.Two channels,meeting at an obtuseangle,connectedthis cisternwith another,DepositN 18:1 (P1.74).1The cisternN 19:1 appears to have been constructedin the early 3rd century B.C.;2it went out of use ca. 86 B.C.3The connectingcisternN 18:1 was probablyconstructedat a date later than N 19:1 and may have goneout of use whenthe latter ceasedto function.4The upperfill of the cistern N 19:1 (to a depth of about 3.90 m.) containedpottery of a type differentfromthat below, mosaicnear the top and twenty-eight with some fragmentsof wall plasterand marble-chip of individual bronzecoins,one of whichis datedca. 50 B.C.5Thedistributionof fragments pots that thisfillingwasthrownin at one time; the natureof its contents fromtop to 3.90m. indicates suggestshouseholdwaste and debrisfrom the destructionor repairof the house.The date at with accuracy,as the debrismight have whichthe fillingwas thrownin cannotbe determined fill in the cistern.But sincethe potteryfromthe lain exposedfor sometime beforebeingusedfor laterin datethanthe bulkof thematerial,6 fillseemsto containno strayfragments certainly upper we may assumethat the debriswas throwninto the shaft not long after it had accumulated. of fine glazedpottery, thereare no examplesof the And since, amongthe numerous fragments into Athensin ratherlargequantityduringthe last decadeof warewhichwasimported Arretine the 1st centuryB.C. (as G33ff.), it is probablethat the date for the pottery of this Grouplies between75 B.C.and the end of the century. approximately F areincludeda few piecesthe depthof whoseposition the In catalogueof Group subsequent in the cisternfillingis uncertain,but the fabric or shapeof whichis such as to associatethem thanthe Hellenisticlevel (F 41, 51, 85, 90). Therehave been excludedall withthe Romanrather objectswhich derivefrom the lowerfilling (ca. 3.90 m. to bottom) of the cistern and which
The cistern N 19:1 was excavated between February and April, 1937. It had been lined with waterproof cement. The preserved top of the cistern neck measured 0.90 m. x 1.10 m. when excavation began; the maximum preserved depth was 5.50 m. During the course of digging it became necessary, for the protection of the workmen, to cut away some of the soft bedrock around the neck; the section in Plate 74 shows the dimensions and condition of the cistern after this alteration of the neck. 2Seven lamps and some pottery from the bottom, probably to be connected with the construction or earliest use of the cistern, are dated in the early 3rd century B.C. by R. H. Howland and G. R. Edwards respectively. 3 The cistern was filled to a level of about 1.60 m. above the floor with debris, including much pottery, which G. R. Edwards considers to belong to the very early 1st century B.C.; this debris was probably deposited at the time of the general clean-up of the Agora area after the sack of Athens by Sulla in 86 B.C. 4 The nature of the juncture between the channels leading from the two cisterns suggests that N 19:1 preceded N 18:1; see Plate 74. The filling of N 18:1, however, was cleared out at some time during the Roman period and a well (N 18:5) was sunk through its floor; the exact chronology of this well is not known as its excavation had to be abandoned at a depth of ten meters because of the collapse of the bedrock sides of the shaft. 5 The analysis of the significant coins is as follows: Athens, New Style, ca. 50 B.C. (one specimen, depth 0.50 m.), as Svoronos, Ath., pl. 79, nos. 18-21. Athens, New Style, ca. 88 B.C. (two specimens), as Svoronos, Ath., pl. 81, nos. 45-48. Athens, New Style, ca. 110-100 B.C. (one specimen), as Svoronos, Ath., pl. 81, nos. 33-39. e But compare F 15,

GROUP F

11

the latest Hellenisticperiod;therehave been excludedalso all pieceswhichcomefrom represent the upperfilling(top to ca. 8.90 m.) but whichcan be shownby analogywith datableHellenistic in the dump-heap intrusions to be Hellenistic fromwhichthis upperfillingwasobtained. material In the study of GroupsG-N, objects other than pottery (bronze,stone, bone, glass, etc.) are includedin the catalogues.In the case of GroupF it is difficultto ascertainwhethersuch with the upper filling as a whole or are Hellenistic miscellaneous objects are contemporary hence objectsotherthan pottery and lampsare omittedfrom intrusionsinto the dump-heap; the catalogueof GroupF.
PI. 60. F 4. RIM FRAGMENT. P 11854. P.H. 0.025; D. lip est. 0.80. A small F 1. PLATE. Pis. 1, 60. of the rim preserved. segment P 11851. H. 0.043; D. rest. 0.38. Fragmentary; and Clay glaze as F 3. restored. Hard, buff clay; reddish brown glaze, moderately F 5. PLATE. Pis. 1, 60. streak. On the floor,impreslustrous;double-dipping P 11850. P.H. 0.017; D. rest. 0.80. Fragmentary; sions of three kiln-supports directly over the position and center of floor missing; partly restored. foot of the ring foot.8 buff clay; reddishbrownglaze. Yellowish On the floor, five neat, circulargrooves (executed the 2nd a ringfoot:compare There was probably with a roulette) arrangedin an outer group of two D B.C. Hellenistic 1st and plates 1 and early century and an inner groupof three. E 22-26. F 2. PLATE, STAMPED. Pls. 57, 60. PI. 60. P 11852. H. 0.028; D. rest. 0.16. Fragmentary; F 6. HMTISMPHM.ICALCUP. P 12259. H. 0.05; D. 0.095. Complete. restored. streak. Yellowishbuff clay; reddishbrownglaze; doubleClay and glaze as F 3; double-dipping 1. 7-11 and G F streak. Compare dipping A smallerversionof F 1. On the floor,five stamped CUP,GRAFFITO. Pis. 58, 60. palmettes in a circularband and a stamped rosette F 7. HEMISPHERICAL at center, all enclosed by five rouletted grooves, P 8909. H. 0.048; D. 0.09. Almost complete. streak. On arrangedas on F 1. For a very similarfragmentfrom Clay and glaze as F 5; douple-dipping no. see 1, fig. 14,1, base, a graffito. Siphnos B.S.A., XLIV, 1949,p. 69, pl. 22,17. PIs. 1, 58. F 8. HEMISPHliRMICALCUP, GRAFFITO. P1.60. F 3. PLATE. P 8912. H. 0.046; D. 0.087. Almost complete; P 11858. H. 0.022; D. est. 0.15. Fragmentary. restored. Pinkish buff clay; reddishbrownglaze. streak. Clayand glaze as F 5; double-dipping SmallerthanF 1-2; the base is offset;a ridgemarks a the 7. as F On exterior, graffito. Shape the outer edge of the floor.
WARE7 PERGAMENE
7A separate study of Pergamene ware will appear in the second volume of this work. For previous studies and bibliography, see Tarsus, I, pp. 172-178, 180-183. The manufacture of Pergamene ware began in the 2nd century B.C. and lasted well into the 1st century after Christ. Its place of manufacture was probably in the eastern Mediterranean area, in Syria or lower Egypt. 8 Kiln-supports or firing-discs were commonly used in the firing of Pergamene and of early Arretine wares, set between stacked plates of large size in order to prevent the adherence of one plate to another during the firing. Such a divider still adheres to the floor of a black-glazed plate fragment (Agora P 17105, P1. 39) from excavations in Athens, at the site of the ancient city wall on Aristeides Street; from a plate with broad ring foot, it is of hard, reddish clay with dull, black glaze (fired red inside the foot); the fill from which this fragment comes contains some Hellenistic and some late 1st century B.C. wares. See also Waag6, Agora, p. 286, nos. 54-61; Antioch, I, p. 70, note 17; Antioch, IV, 1, p. 25.

CUP. F 9. HTERMIsMhSICAL

P1. 1.

P 8910. H. 0.045; D. 0.091. Complete. Orange-buff clay, softer than usual in Pergamene ware; light red glaze. Shape as F 7.
F 10X HEMISPHERICAI CUP, GRAFFITO. Pls. 1, 58.

P 8911. H. 0.044; D. 0.084. Almost complete. Clay, glaze and shape as F 6; double-dipping streak. On the base, a graffito.
CUP. F 11. HEMISPHERICAL PI. 60.

P 8913. H. 0.04; D. 0.088. Almost complete. Clay, glaze and shape as F 6, but this cup is of broaderproportions.

12

THE ATHENIAN AGORA: POTTERY OF THE ROMAN PERIOD

Pls. 58. 60.
WEST SLOPEWARE11

F 12. BELL-CUP, GRAFFITO.

ography, see Tarsus, 1, pp. 186-187. The finer quality of Samian ware, here identified as Samian B, is characterized by hard, brownish red or cinnamon-red, micaceous clay and a firm, orange-red glaze; the shapes which occur in this fabric are generally sharply articulated and seem to imitate those of Arretine ware; the potters' stamps, which occur invariably at the center of the floor, consist of the letters of the potter's name or of a convivial greeting. Samian A ware, likewise micaceous, is less hard and of lighter color both in fabric and in glaze; the shapes are generally simpler than those of Samian B and the potters' stamps consist of devices. 10 A separate study of potters' stamps on early Roman pottery will appear in the second volume of this work. For previous studies and bibliography, see Tarsus, I, pp. 208-209, 282-296.

P 8942. H. 0.048; D. 0.098. Almost complete. F 16. DEEP BOWL. Pis. 1, 68. Clay and glaze as F 5. P 11840. H. 0.155; D. rest. 0.287. Fragmentary; Cupwith flaringwall on ring foot. On the base, a restored. of the owner's graffito:ME,probablyan abbreviation Pinkish buff clay; metallic, red glaze, mottled name. black in part. in added A deepbowlwith flaringwall. Decoration F 13. BELL-CUP, GRAFFITO. Pls. 1, 58. white and buff paints: inside the foot, a star of four P 9034. H. 0.05; D. 0.098. Almost complete. points; on the wall, curvingfloralspraysand ribbons, streak. Clay and glaze as F 5; double-dipping a F 14. as On the base, graffito:A, probably above and below which a band of large dots alterShape nating with pairsof shortverticalstrokes.Each band an abbreviationof the owner'sname. of dots and vertical strokes is outlined above and F 14. BELL-CUP. P1. 60. below by a wheel-rungroove,underthe glaze, which P 8914. H. 0.05; D. 0.095. Almost complete. was probably intended as a guide to the workman streak. who added the painted ornament.The stalks of the Clay and glaze as F 3; double-dipping flare to floral sprays are indicated by incision through the Shape as F 12, but with more pronounced the wall. glaze. F 17. DEEP BOWL. P1. 68. SAMIANWIRE9 P 9069. H. 0.195; D. at lip 0.32. Almost complete; Pls. 57, 61. F 15. PLATE FRAGMENT, STAMPED. restored. P 11848. P.H. 0.009; D. of resting surface est. 0.12. Reddish buff clay; dull, reddish glaze, mottled Fragmentary; rim missing. black in part. Soft, micaceous,cinnamon-red clay; dull, reddish in white and buffpaint Similarto F 16. Decoration the flaked The surface of has clay extensively. as on F 16, except that the star inside the foot has glaze. At the center of the floor, a potter's stamp: eight points, the floral sprays are vertical and the 6 Ipo[v].10 ribbonsare missing.No use of incision. Thisfragmentis an exampleof the finerand earlier F 16-17 are examples of the latest stage of the class of Samian ware which I have termed Sam- Attic Hellenistic fabric known as West Slope ware. ian B. Samian pottery seems to have been manu- Late 2nd B.C. of a century specimens shape parallel factured in imitation of and in competition with to F 16-17 aremoreshallowand makemoreextensive Arretine ware, the importation of which into the use of incision in the exterior decoration.12 eastern Mediterranean certainly does not antedate 30 B.C. Thereis no evidencefor dating Samianware OTHERFINE EARLY ROMANFABRICS13 prior to the end of the 1st century B.C.; if not an intrusioninto the householddumpwhich constitutes F 18. BRITTLE WARE BEAKER. P1. 1. the upperfillingof Deposit N 19:1, F 15 must be one P 11855. H. 0.089; D. at lip 0.099. Fragmentary; of the earliest products of the Samian kilns. The restored. absence of other Samian fragments and the total Fine, hard, reddish clay with some mica, fired absenceof Arretineware from this Deposit seem sufbrownishgray on upperpart of exterior(probablyas ficient evidence for placing the lower date of the a result of stackingin the kiln); thin fabric. Deposit no later than the turn of the era. Cupwithout handles. The wall, cylindricalat top, 9A fromthe mid-pointtowarda small,flat base. separate study of Samian ware will appear in the narrows second volume of this work. For previous studies and bibli- Single, horizontal groove at mid-pointof wall.
HellenisticWest Slopeware. 12See E 62-63. A fragmentarybowl from Group F
11 See Thompson, H.P., pp. 438-447, for a discussion of

a pre-Sullanelementin the upperfilling of the considered cistern.This bowl,like those fromgroupE, has a grooveon the restingsurfaceof the foot.
13 A

(P 11841) is so close a parallel to E 62-63 that it may be

appearin the secondvolumeof this work.For bibliography, see Tarsus,I, pp. 188-191; to which add A.J.A., L, 1946, pp. 480-482,nos. 75-82, pls. XLII, XLIX. Thatsomeof the in the Hellenisticperiod,and warewas introduced barbotine
even as early as 150 B.C., is indicated by specimens from Corinth (Hesperia, XVI, 1947, p. 240, pl. LX, 16) and by a fragment in Hellenistic Group D (D 79).

separate study of these early Roman wares will

GROUP F
F 19. BRITTLEWARE BEAKER.

18

small, everted lip. On the body, barbotine dots in restored. five horizontalbands. No trace of handle. thin reddish fabric. Fine, hard, clay; of slender F but more as 18, proportions. F 26. GRAY WARE CUP, TWO HANDLES. Shape PI. 68. P 11886. H. D. 0.129. F 20. BRITTLE WARE BEAKER. 1. P1. 0.067; Fragmentary; P 8986.H. rest. 0.103; D. at lip rest.0.07.Fragmen- restored. Hard, brittle, gray clay; dull, gray-black glaze tary, base does not join; restored. Fine, hard, reddish brown clay with some mica, (partial). Varieties of this shape occur in the 1st century fired gray-blackon upper part of exterior (as F 18); after Christ, the latest examples adorned with thin fabric. Cupwithout handles.The wall rises obliquelyfrom roulettingaroundthe body at the point of maximum a very low ring foot; an offset rim curves inward diameter: P 16717 (Deposit N 21:1) and P 17015, towardthe top and terminatesin a small, evertedlip. Plate 39; comparealso H 10. A vessel of similarshape A horizontal groove at the base of the rim and from tomb 94 of the Personacemeteryat Ornavasso another at the base of the wall; horizontalbands of was found together with a jug bearingon its handle a plantaformstamp which should be dated no earlier rouletted decorationaroundthe body. than the Tiberian period (see below, p. 26, G 37; F 21. BRITTLE WARE BEAKER. Ornavasso, pp. 248-249, pl. XXII, 13). P 8934. P.H. 0.082; D. at base of rim est. 0.082. F 27. GRAY WARE PLATE. P1.62. Fragmentary;rim missing. P 11838. H. D. rest. 0.19. 0.037; Fragmentary, Fabric, shape and decorationas F 20. center of floormissing; restored. F 22. BRITTLE WARE BEAKER. P1. 1. Gray clay; gray-blackglaze. A circularband of rouletting near center of floor. P 8935. P.H. 0.078; D. at top of wall est. 0.10. This shape does occur before 86 B.C.: compare Profileof upper half preserved. E 154 and two largerplates of buff clay with metallic reddish Hard, clay; thin fabric. black glaze which are from the upper fill of this Cup without handles, as F 20-21, but the offset cistern but are certainly contemporary with the is rim vertical. Closely spaced, horizontal bands of lower, pre-Sullanmaterial (P 11814-11815). rouletting on the body.
F 23. THORNWARE
BEAKER FRAGMENTS.

A jug, probablywith flat base; a very narrow P1. 1. P 11856.H. 0.098; D. 0.089. Almostcomplete; shoulderis set off fromthe roundedbody at an angle;

P1. 1.

P 8937. P.H. (est. from the two largerfragments) MISCELLANEOUS GLAZED AND NON-GLAZED WARES 0.068. Threesmall, non-joiningfragmentsof rim and F 28. BOWL. P1. 64. upperwall; lip missing. P 11832. H. 0.09; D. 0.247. Muchof wall and rim Fine, hard, reddish brown, micaceous clay, fired restored. on thin fabric. gray-black exterior; Pinkishbuff clay; lustrousglaze,firedred to black. Presumably from a beaker resembling in shape The low rim, tilting inward, served as a flange to F 20-22. Both rim and wall decoratedwith wedgehold a lid, now missing. No trace of handles. which have to this fabric the given shapedprojections The same shape occurs in P 21736, a bowl from name "thornware"; cf. G 2. Deposit R 10:1.
F 24.
BARBOTINE BEAKER FRAGMENTS.

P1. 1.

P 11846.H. 0.076; D. at lip 0.182. Onehandleand part of wall restored. Hard, fine, brittle, darkbuff clay; dull, black glaze (partial),firedreddishbrownin part on exterior. Two horizontalhandles,bent upwardat the outer extremity of the loop. At center of floor,three large, irregular,stamped palmettes (as F 30-31). In shape and fabricF 29-30 are very similarto the F 26. BARBOTINEJUG. P1. 1. bowls D 17-18 of the 2nd century B.C. and to P 8915. H. rest. 0.089; D. at lip rest. 0.078. anotherof the 1st centuryafter Christ,G 61. D 17-18, Fragmentary,base missing; restored. however, are deeper than the Roman examples and Hard, gray clay; gray-black glaze with slight lackthe stampeddecoration of F 29-31. Twofragments metallic luster (partial). of similarbowls from early Roman contexts have on

P 11857.Two small,non-joiningfragmentsof wall; max. dim. 0.041. Fine, hard, reddish buff clay, fired gray on upper part of exterior (as F 18); thin fabric. Presumably a beaker as P 9815 (P1. 39), which comes from Deposit M 18:1 (constructionfilling). F 24 is decoratedwith small barbotine dots on the wall (reconstructed pattern, P1. 1).

F 29.

BOWL, TWO HANDLES, STAMPED.

PI. 64.

14

THE ATHENIAN AGORA: POTTERY OF THE ROMAN PERIOD

the floor,in additionto the palmettestamps,appliqu6 F 37. PLATE, INVERTED LIP. P1.65. frogs (P 6915 and P 20456, PI. 39). For a rim and P 11865. H. 0.035; D. est. 0.17. Fragmentary. handle fragment from Siphnos, see B.S.A., XLIV, Micaceous,pinkish buff clay; center of floor fired 1949, p. 68, no. 16, pl. 21, 23, fig. 11,1. a darkercolor as a result of stackingin the kiln.
PI. 1. F 38. PLATE, INVERTED LIP. F 30. BOWL, TWO HANDLES, STAMPED. PI. 1. P 8904. H. 0.075; D. at lip 0.19. Fragmentary; P 11820. H. 0.034-0.043; D. 0.172. Fragmentary; restored. restored. Fabric as F 29; brownishblack glaze with faint Clayas F 37; reddishglaze (partial). metallic luster, fired reddishon exteriorof rim. Shape as F 37. Shape as F 29. At center of floor, four palmettes, P1.1. apparentlystamped with the same die as that used F 39. PLATE, INVERTED LIP. P 8906.H. 0.041; D. 0.171. Fragmentary; restored. for F 29. Coarse, reddish buff clay; dull, reddish brown F 31. BOWL FRAGMENT, STAMPED. P1. 1. glaze inside only; glaze fireda darkercolor at center P 11847. P.H. 0.032; D. foot 0.069. Part of floor of floor. and foot preserved. Shape as F 37. Fabric and glaze as F 29. From a bowl as F 29-30. At center of floor, F 40. PLATE, INVERTED LIP. P 8907. H. 0.036-0.041; D. 0.195. Fragmentary; palmettes (originally four in number), apparently restored. stampedwith the same die as that used for F 29-30. Coarse, yellow-buffclay; dull, reddishbrownglaze PI. 1. (partial). F 32. BOWL, TWO HANDLES. P 11845.H. rest. 0.077; D. at lip 0.17. Onehandle Shapeas F 37, but the lip is almosthorizontal. and part of body missing; foot does not join; PI. 65. F 41. PLATE, EVERTED LIP. restored. D. H. restored. P 11819. 0.173. 0.089; Fabric and glaze as F 29. Fragmentary; Buff clay; purplishbrownto black glaze (partial) Shapeas F 29-31, but without stampedornament. with faint metallic luster, firedred at center of floor 64. P1. F 33. BOWL FRAGMENT. (cf. F 37 and 39). G 181, the lip of whichslopesdownward. Compare P 9540. P.H. 0.027; D. foot 0.057. Foot and center no is recordof the depth at whichF 41 was There of floorpreserved. in the cistern found filling (see above, p. 10). Hard, reddish clay; glaze has slight metallic luster and is firedorange-red inside, black to orange F 42. PI. 65. PLATE, EVERTED LIP. outside. D. 0.228. H. P 11818. 0.052; Fragmentary; partly Severalcircularbands of roulettingon floor. restored. reddishbuff clay; dull, reddishbrownglaze Coarse, P1. 64. F 34. BOWL. darkerat center of floor (as F 39, 41). fired P 11834. H. 0.04; D. rest. 0.082. Fragmentary; (partial), restored. F 43. PLATE, EVERTED LIP. Hard, pinkish buff clay; orange-redglaze, much P 11823. H. 0.05; D. est. 0.285. Two fragments worn. the full profile. Parallels of the 2nd century B.C. may be seen in preserve and shape as F 42. glaze Clay, E 45 and D 10-12, in whichthe lip is slightly everted. of the glaze of F 34, however, F 44. BICONICAL The colorand character P1. 1. JUG. are reminiscentof Samianwareand suggesta date in P 11858.H. rest. 0.185; D. 0.112. Base, handleand the later 1st century B.C. part of body missing;restored. Reddish buff clay; reddishglaze, mottled black in PI. 65. F 36. BOWL FRAGMENT. part. P 11849.P.H. 0.022; D. foot 0.041. Foot and lower Jug with biconicalbody, flat base and evertedlip. the jugs of the middleto late 2nd century part of wall preserved. Compare Reddish buff clay; orange-red glaze (partial). B.C., D 20-21 and E 55, which are smallerand are covered overall with black glaze; F 44 probably PI. 65. resembledG 88 in having the base unglazed,but it is F 36. PLATE, INVERTED LIP. P 8905. H. 0.042; D. 0.18. Part of floor restored. of more slenderproportions.The angle of the profile in F 44 and G 88 lies almost at mid-height;in the Gritty, brownishbuff clay. Hellenisticjugs the angle is set lower. A bronzejug CompareG 82-84.

GROUP F

15

of similar shape (H. 0.137) but with spurredhandle as 6 98) was found in a tomb at Ornavasso,Italy, in (as that of G 2) has been found in an inhumation conjunction with an assis of Augustus, struck by cemetery at Ornavasso,Italy, in conjunction with M. Maecilius Tullus, ca. 13 B.C. (tomb 121 of the silver denarii of M. Baebius (ca. 150-125 B.C.) and Personacemetery;Ornavasso, pp. 266-267,pl. XXTTT, of Q. Fabius Labeo (ca. 102-100 B.C.); see Ornavasso, 3). F 48 was found in the channelconnectingthe two pp. 46, 98, pl. XVII, 7, fromtomb 7 of the S. Bernardo cisterns N 19:1 and N 18:1; the piece is associated ilberdie with the upperfill of N 19:1 (GroupF) becauseof the cemetery;also Willers,Neue Untersuchungen rom.Bronze-industrie vonCapuaundNiedergermanien, fact that fragments of other vessels from the same channelwere found to join fragmentsfrom the upper Hannover, 1907, pp. 11, 13-19, fig. 12, 7. fill of the cistern proper. F 45. JUG, BUFFSLIP. PI. 1. P 9288. H. 0.205; D. 0.17. Parts of body and of F 49. UNGUENTARIUM. P1. 2. handle missing; restored. P 8790. H. 0.175; D. 0.073. Complete. Hard, fine, buff clay; yellow-buff slip (partial); Hard, brittle, gray-blackclay; warpedin firing. no trace of glaze or of other decoration. Ovoid body on small ring foot; tall neck with Globularbody on ring foot; broadlip, flat on top; everted lip. handle markedby single ridge. Note the absence here of the cylindrical stem Jugs of this shape and fabric occur also in the 1st above the foot such as characterizesF 48 and the century after Christ(P 11217, from Deposit B 13:1); Hellenistic fusiformunguentaria.CompareG 96. duringthe first half of that centuryvessels of similar form appear occasionally,decoratedwith barbotine F 50. BULBOUS UNGUENTARIUM. P1. 2. ornament (P 14678; P 10714 [Deposit E 14:2, use P 9084. P.H. 0.062; D. 0.046. Neck missing. filling], the "Goblin Jug," Hesperia, VII, 1938, Hard, reddishbuff clay. pp. 347-348, fig. 31; cf. also Hill, Journal of the Bulbous body with flat base. For the complete Walters Art Gallery, IX, 1946, pp. 68-79; J.H.S., shape see G 98. LXXIV, 1954, p. 175, pl. XI, b). This form of toilet bottle characterizes the late 1st before and the 1st century after Christ century F 46. MUG. PI. 63. (cf. G 97-98, M 6-7, [M8]; of threesimilarunguentaria P 22682. P.H. 0.063; P.D. 0.097. Most of base and from the Persona cemetery at Oravasso, one was part of wall preserved;partly restored. found in conjunction with a coin of Augustus, Hard, somewhat coarse clay, mottled pink and anotherin conjunction with a jug, the handleof which gray, predominantlygray at surface. is marked with a stamp of the potter Magnus in Cylindricalbody, swelling at bottom of wall; flat planta pedis and which is thereforeprobably of the base. Traces(?) of attachmentfor a handle, set high Tiberian period or later [see below, p. 26, G 37] on the wall (ca. 0.055 above base). -Ornavasso, pl. XXVI, 11, 12, 13, from tombs 69, 26 and 94, pp. 235-236, 211, 248-249). Bulbous F 47. MUG. unguentariawere occasionallyglazed on the interior P 8948.P.H. 0.064; P.D. 0.105.Fragmentary; most (as P 1956)and wereusuallyglazedabout the mouth, inside and out. Rarer, large unguentaria of fabric of wall missing. Fabric and shape as F 46. No trace of handle similar to F 50 and with interior glaze, but on ring foot, occur in Augustan fillings (P 8480, 8481 and preserved. 8482, all from Deposit Q 13:1; see compositereconstructed F 48. FUSIFORMUNGUENTARIUM. profileon P1. 73). During the latter part of P1. 2. the 1st Christian century blown glass toilet bottles P 9814. H. rest. 0.345; D. 0.131. Edge of foot M M (as 56, 106), which are so commona feature of brokenaway; restored. Roman burials in the eastern Mediterranean as also Hard, buff clay with some mica. in western seem to have driven the Europe,14 pottery Fusiform body with neatly turned ring foot; vessels from the market; clay unguentaria do not conical base. The fusiformshape is characteristicof Hellenistic occur in deposits of the 2nd century and later, M 369 appears to representa recurrenceof unguentaria, as A 64-65, B 6-7 and 44, C 76-77, though the clay bottle in the 6th century. D 77-78, E 137-138; F 48, however, has a plumper body than the Hellenistic specimensand is striking 14Morin-Jean, La verrerieen Gaule sous for its large size and ring foot-the Hellenistic 'empire Romain, Paris, 1913, forms 22, 26, 39, pp. 73-79, 91; Hardin, Roman have flat bases and usually range in unguentaria Glass from Karanis, Ann Arbor, 1936, pp. 265-274 (Class B height between 0.075 and 0.20. An unguentarium of toilet bottles); Neuburger, Glass in Antiquity, London, similarto F 48 (H. 0.28; small ring foot; neck glazed 1949, p. 42, fig. 82.

16

ATHENIAN AGORA: POTTERY OF THE ROMAN PERIOD 6THE

COARSE HOUSEHOLD WARES F 68 may be earlier (cf. P 12154, cited underF M6); than the mass of materialin the upperfill of Deposit N 19:1.
F 69. JUG. P1. 1.

F 61. SHALLOW BOWL.

P1. 65.

P 11864. H. 0.049; D. rest. 0.168. Fragmentary;

restored. Yellow-buff to pinkish buff, micaceous clay. Base left rough from wheel. There is no record of the depth at which F 61 was

found in the cisternfilling (see p. 10).

BOWL. F 62. SHALLOW

P 8902. H. 0.117; D. 0.101. Part of lip restored. Hard, reddishclay; yellow-buffslip. Plump,ovoid body on flat base; roundmouthwith everted lip; handlerises above lip.
F 60. DEEP BOWL. Pls. 2, 72.

P 11868. H. 0.045; D. rest. 0.16. Fragmentary; P 11883. H. 0.17; D. 0.285. Fragmentary; restored. restored. to buff clay. Gray-buff Greenishgray clay with large grits; the interior as F 61, but the base is offset fromthe wall. surface is mottled with irregular streaks of light Shape PI. 65. purplecolor. BOWL. F 63. SHALLOW Deep bowl on ring foot; everted, horizontalrim, restored. P 8908.H. 0.038; D. 0.103. Fragmentary; on top. grooved Soft, gritty, pinkish buff, micaceous clay. Base A close parallel to this shape can be found in left roughfrom wheel. P 21755,fromthe Augustanfillingof DepositR 10:1. F 64, G 60 and 216, [M 66]. Compare The colorationof the clay of F 60 is typical of much the coarse Attic pottery (and of some of the of 65. Pl. BOWL. F 64. SHALLOW P 11866. H. 0.082; D. rest. 0.128. Fragmentary; storageamphorae)of the late 1st centurybeforeand the 1st century after Christ. restored. Soft, gritty, reddishbuff clay, firedpartly yellow- F 61. DEEP BOWL. Pls. 2, 72. buff on surface.Base left roughfrom wheel. P 11884. H. 0.176; D. 0.25. Fragmentary; F 63. Compare restored. Soft, pinkishbuff clay with grits. P1. 1. JUG. F 65. SMALL Similarto F 60 but of more slenderproportions. P 8940. H. 0.087; D. 0.05. Handle missing. Hard, buff clay. Faint traces (?) of white paint on F 62. BASIN. P1. 72. exterior. P 11888. H. 0.145; D. est. 0.435. Fragmentary; Squat jug with flat base (left rough from wheel) partly restored. and small, everted lip; single, vertical handle. Coarse, dark red clay with grits, fired buff at CompareD 22 (middle of 2nd century B.C.) and surfaceon upperpart of exterior;dull, reddishglaze P 12154 (early 1st century B.C. filling of Deposit inside. N 20:4), both of which are coveredwith black glaze. appliedirregularly flat base; the rim may have with basin Shallow F 55 may be earlierthan the mass of materialin the round. Two horizontal twist rather than oval been upperfill of Deposit N 19:1. and under handlesapplied along the edge of the rim; was made to adherefirmly by handle at each center P1. 1. F 66. SMALLJUG. thumb of the drawingthe clay of potter's pressure P 8989. H. 0.085; D. 0.044. Part of lip restored. of the onto over the handle top the rim. Hard, buff clay. of this Earlier variations shape, as E 119 (ThompJug with ovoid body on flaringfoot; flat base (left son, H.P., p. 414, fig. 101) and P 11889 (from the roughfrom wheel); small, everted lip. representing upperfill of DepositN 19:1, but probably JUG. F 67. SMALL an intrusionof earliermaterial)have a down-turned rim without grooves.A parallelto F 62 can be found P 9530. P.H. 0.055; D. 0.088. Foot missing. in P 7969, which comes from the Augustanfilling of Hard, buff clay. Handmade. As F 66, but smaller. Deposit R 13:1.
F 68. SMALLJUG. P1. 1. F 63. FUNNEL. PI. 2.

P 11868. H. rest. 0.088; D. rest. 0.062. Fragmentary; base does not join; restored. Coarse,gritty, reddishclay. Jug with ovoid body, roundedbase. A parallelis found in P 19118, which comes from the early 1st century B.C. filling of Deposit N 20:4

P 11893.P.H. 0.129; D. rest. 0.156. Fragmentary; restored.Originalbottomsurfaceof spout apparently brokenin antiquityand trimmedoff to a smoothedge. buffclay with grits; purplishblack Hard,brownish glaze applied in a wide, spiral band around the exterior.

GROUP F
The broad,round-bodied bowl terminatesabove in a flat-topped lip, set off by a deep groove on the exterior; below, the body narrowssharply into the tapering spout. Single, horizontal, flat handle just below the lip. For a Hellenisticparallel,see E 136;laterspecimens are to be seen in P 21752 (Augustanfillingof Deposit R 10:1), M 9 (middleof 1st centuryafter Christ)and M 119 (early 3rd century).

17

F 64. FUNNEL. Pls. 2, 19. P 11894.H. 0.232; D. 0.347; D. spout at base 0.105. Fragmentary; restored. Broken in antiquity and repaired with lead clamps, attachment holes for which are present in some of the fragments. Hard, buff clay; thick fabric. The broad, deep bowl terminates above in an incurvinglip; the cylindricalspout is extremelywide and short and is separatedfrom the bowl by a projecting collar. It is possible that the spout was originallylonger and at the time of the ancient repair was trimmed down to its present length of 0.035. It seems more likely, however, that the spout retains its original length and that the funnel was designed for use in filling some standard-sizecontainerinto whose neck the spout would fit closely, with the collarresting on the container-lip.The funnel spout is too wide to fit into the necks of most Hellenistic storageamphorae, but it does fit readily in the necks of some amphorae F 66. JAR, ONE HANDLE. PI. 2. of the 1st century after Christ,as [M 14]. P 11870. H. 0.477; D. 0.261. Fragmentary; F 65. JAR, ONE HANDLE. Pls. 2, 41. restored. Fine, hard, buff to pinkish buff clay with some P 11871. H. 0.443; D. 0.256. Parts of lip, handle mica; self-slip. and body restored. Shape as F 65, but the body does not taper quite Hard, reddish buff, micaceous clay, the surface so much above the foot, and the point of maximum much pitted. diameter lies lower on the body. Tapering, ovoid body on neatly turned, flaring ring foot; short neck with spreadinglip, flat on top; F 67. JAR, ONE HANDLE. P1. 2. single vertical handle, marked by a groove which P 8903. H. 0.443; D. 0.342. Intact. occupiesthe full width of the outer surface. Fine, hard, light buff clay; self-slip. F 65-66 represent the earliest stage in a long Plump body on low, false ring foot; taperingneck successionof micaceousjars, the subsequentstages of with thickenedlip, flat on top; vertical, flat handle. which can be seen in G 107, [J 46], J 47, L 50-51, Pls. 1, 42. and in a series from Group M: 45-46, 125-126, F 68. JUG FRAGMENT. P 20514. P.H. D. neck est. 0.105. 0.17; Fragment 240-242, 255-259, 275-282, 307, 335, 373. For detailed illustrationof feet and necks, see Plate 41. of shoulder,neck and handle. Pinkish buff clay with grits; micaceous,buff slip. In the course of developmentof this type of jar, From the sloping shoulder of a one-handled(?) the pronouncedshoulder of F 65 disappearsand a plump, fusiform shape occurs ([J 46]); this in turn vessel; vertical, twist handle. becomes steadily more slender in the succeeding F 69. AMPHORA. P1. 2. centuries. The neatly turned foot of F 65 becomes P 11873. H. rest. 0.334; D. 0.12. Fragmentary; narrowerin [J 46] and then turns into the charac- base missing; restoredon the basis of F 70. teristic tubular foot seen in M 255; subsequently,in 15 Miss Mabel Lang has studied these inscriptions (Lang, the specimensof the end of the 4th centuryand later, Dated Jars, pp. 277-285) and has identified one class of the foot, though remaininghollow, tapers towardthe graffiti as representing dates according to the Actian era bottom and is sometimes almost closed at the tip. (M 45, M 46, M 125).
2

Until the late 4th century the jars have but one handle, always markedby splayed attachmentsand a single,broad,verticalgroove;with the changefrom tubular to pointed foot, a second splayed handle is added. These jars are generally lined with mastic resin; they frequentlybear a dipintoor graffitobelow the handle.15 used as shipping They were presumably containersfor wine; the Agoraspecimensoften have a fillinghole brokenin the shoulder,testifying to the re-use of the jars for drawing water. Jars of the typically brown or black micaceous and laminated fabric, which is found first in [J 46], occur over a wide areain the easternMediterranean; I have noted specimens at Kourion on Cyprus (University of Pennsylvania excavations), from Nubia (in Cairo: W. B. Emery, The Royal Tombs of Ballana and Qustul,Cairo,1938, type 13a, p. 390, pl. 111; also an imitation of this shape in bronze, likewise from Nubia, ibid., cat. no. 781, p. 355, p. 125, pl. 93B) and from Tarsus(Tarsus,I, no. 797, figs. 162, 205). A jar found at Haltern, the site of a trans-Rhenish fort on the Lippe river (occupied11 B.C.-A.D. 16), appears to belong to this series and to occupy a typological position between our F 66 and [J 46] (Haltern,I, pp. 292-293, type 90, fig. 47). An apparentlysimilar jar is reportedin Spain (presumablyfrom Baetica: G. E. Bonsor, An Archaeological Sketch-book of the Roman Necropolis at Carmona, New York, 1931, no. 108, p. 138, pl. LXXXI).

18

THE ATHENIAN AGORA: POTTERY OF THE ROMAN PERIOD

F 76. CASSEROLE. Pls. 4, 72. Gritty, yellow-buffto pinkishbuff clay. Slender body tapering to a small ring foot; P 11902.H. 0.09; D. 0.275. Fragmentary; restored. cylindrical neck with plain lip; handles round in dark red Hard, coarse, clay. section; body faintly wheel-ridged. The rim designedfor receivinga lid such as F 86. the late 2nd centuryB.C. specimenE 126, Two horizontal handles applied just under and Compare which has a pointed toe. against the rim. E 141, which has a slightly convex wall Compare F 70. AMPHORA. and a wider rim. A close parallelto F 76 is found in P 11874.P.H. 0.283; D. 0.124. Handles,neck and P 7971 (DepositR 13:1, upperfilling,Augustan). part of body missing; partly restored. F 77. CASSEROLE. P1. 72. Fabric and shape as F 69. P 11882.H. 0.066; D. 0.25. Small segmentof rim, P1. 2. wall and floor. F 71. AMPHORA. P 11876. H. 0.387; D. 0.238. Fragmentary; Hard, coarse,reddishclay with grits. restored. Possibly had two horizontal handles as G 190. with grits and numerous Hard,coarse,reddishclay F 78. COOKING PAN. P1. 72. small air-pocketsthroughoutthe fabric; buff slip. P 11900. H. 0.053; D. 0.295. Fragmentary; Plump, ovoid body on ring foot; high, wide neck restored. at with horizontal, rounded ridge t.a.h.; plain lip. Coarse,gray to brownishgray clay with grits. Handlesroundin section, bowedout slightly toward For a Hellenisticparallel,see E 140. the top. F 71 recur in a slightly The shape and fabric of F 79. FRYING PAN HANDLE. P1. 1. plumperform in a deposit of the 1st century after P 11910. P.L. 0.111. Handle and part of lip Christ(P 9139, Deposit D 11:1); similarfabric,neck preserved. and handles occur in large storage amphoraeof the Gritty, reddish clay, fired gray at core and on 1st and early 2nd centuries after Christ (P 14265, interiorof pan. Deposit R 19:1; P 11748, Deposit M 19:1). Slender,cylindrical,hollow handle, flaringat the end; attachedbelowthe lip in a nearlyhorizontal open 2. F 72. AMPHORA. P1. the shaft markedby spiralridges.The lip of position; P 11877. H. 0.46; D. 0.315. Fragmentary; the pan flaresout slightly. restored. Frying pans of the Hellenistic period (none are Fine, hard, reddishbuff, micaceousclay; self-slip. in GroupsA-E) are generally shallow, represented Ovoid body on flaringring foot; cylindricalneck have a groove on top of the lip and a short, smoothwith small, everted lip; handles oval in section. shaftedhandle (cf. P 6340, from the late 3rd or early 2nd centuryB.C. fillingof Deposit E 14:1). For later F 73. AMPHORA. P1. 2. of the 1st century after Christ,see G 113-115. P 11875. H. 0.297; D. 0.208. Fragmentary; pans, restored. POT. F 80. COOKING Pls. 3, 72. Hard, buff clay with grits; self-slip. P 11903. H. 0.115; D. 0.212. Fragmentary; Plump body on low ring foot; flat, ridgedhandles; restored. two grooves around the shoulder.Compare[M 12]. Hard, coarse,gray to gray-blackclay. Wide-mouthed pot with roundedbottom; the rim F 74. AMPHORA (?) FRAGMENT, DIPINTO. P1.59. is to a lid. No handle. hold shaped P 8943. Max. dim. 0.054. Fragmentfrom body of POT. F 81. COOKING Pls. 3, 72. pot. P 11906.H. 0.165; D. 0.205; D. lip 0.17. FragmenHard, reddishclay; buff slip. On exteriorsurface,an inscriptionin black paint. tary; restored. Hard, coarse,reddishbrownclay with grits, fired gray-blackin part at the surface.The clay identical with that of F 82-85. COOKING WARES Round-bottomedpot with constricted neck and lip. Two horizontalhandles,roundin section, flaring PI. 1. tilted F 76. SMALLBOWL. upwardso as to touch the lip at its outer edge. P 8941. H. 0.07; D. 0.138. Intact. POT. Pls. 3, 72. Coarse,gritty, reddish brown clay; blackenedon F 82. COOKING P 11907. H. rest. 0.18; D. 0.286; D. lip 0.195. exteriorfrom use. Flat base; flaring wall, terminatingin plain lip. Fragmentary;restored.

GROUP F

19

LARGE STORAGE VESSELS, ETC. Clay as F 81. with round the wide mouth bottom; Plump body F 89. PITHOS LID. P1. 38. is formed by a low lip, flat on top. Two horizontal P 11911. D. est. not 0.36;Th., including lug,0.018. handles, round in section, attached at shoulderand Five and one restored. joining non-joining fragments; tilted upward, rising above the lip.

F 83. COOKING POT.

Pls. 3, 72.

P 11904.H. 0.195; D. 0.213; D. lip 0.18. Fragmentary; restored. Clay as F 81. Almost globular body with flaring rim and thickenedlip. Two vertical, ridgedhandles.
F 84. COOKING POT. Pls. 8, 72.

P 11909. H. rest. 0.295; D. 0.342; D. lip 0.228. A few portions,includingthe base, restored. Clay as F 81. Almostglobular rimandthickened bodywith flaring lip. Onehorizontalhandle,roundin section and tilted upward; one vertical, flat handle with single ridge. Two horizontalgrooves at level of the attachmentof the horizontalhandle. Compare G 116 and P 7974 (Deposit R 13:1, upper filling, Augustan).
F 85. COOKING POT.

reddish buffclay with largegrits. Coarse, Flat disk with a smallcentralhole. On the edge, a triangular notch,just insideof which,on the top a raised to the surface, lug; two moreholesadjacent toward center. the Three concentric on lug, grooves surface near and around the another central top edge hole.Thenotch,lug andpairof holeswereprobably duplicatedat a point diametrically opposite (as restored). A close parallelto this lid is foundin P 14481 fromthe early1st century B.C. (PI.38),whichcomes of M of the 1st filling Deposit 20:1; for parallels centuryafter Christ,see G 124, P 17148 (Deposit B 20:1; P1.38) and P 15564.Thenotches,lugs and holespresumably wereemployed with a ropedevice whichserved to anchor lid the firmly overtherimof a with largepithosor storage jar. P 17148is adorned reliefpatterns,as is also a much earlierspecimen, T 516,whichderives fromThompson's B (not Group withthe potteryof that Group). published

Pls. 3, 72. F 90. LARGE P1.2. BASIN, WITH SPOUT. P 11908.H. 0.18; D. 0.238; D. lip 0.173. FragmenP 11887.H. 0.085; D. rest. 0.60. Overone-half tary; restored. restored. missing; Clay as F 81. Rathersoft, coarse, reddish clay with largegrits; Shape as F 84, but the base is flattened. tracesof dull,redpaintinsideandon spout. Thereis no recordof the depth at which F 85 was basinwithflatbase;low, Extremely large,shallow found in the cistern filling (see above, p. 10). wall and slightlyflaring plainlip, flaton top. Groove

F 86. COOKING LID. P1.4. P 11896. H. 0.066; D. 0.274. Fragmentary; restored. Hard, coarse,buff to gray-buffclay with grits. Coverin the form of a very broad, low cone, with plain lip and a central round knob, flat on top. F 86 might have servedas a lid for a casserolesuch as F 76.
P1. 4. P 11897. H. 0.054; D. rest. 0.193. Fragmentary; restored. Hard, coarse, gray-brownclay with grits. Shape as F 86. F 87. COOKING LID.

on top of lip and anotherat top of wall inside.A fromthe heavy, broadspout (not bridged) projects walljust abovefloor-level. There is no record of the depthat whichF 90 was foundin the cistern filling(seeabove,p. 10).
F 91. LARGE VAT (?). P1. 4.

F 88. COOKING POT (?) FRAGMENT. P1. 4. P 11891. P.H. 0.14; D. rest. 0.205. About one-half restored; the top of the vessel seems to have been cut away in antiquity along the line of the present preservedupperedge. Coarse,buff to reddish buff clay with large grits; reddishslip on exterior. Globularbody; there appear to be traces of the lower attachment of a vertical handle about 0.055 vent, are traces of an additional member (a funnelbelow the present top edge. like mouth for pouringliquids in from above?). On

P 8938.H. 0.365;D. rest.0.60;D. base0.43.About of rim, morethan half of floorand a one-quarter considerable part of wall and shelf missing;partly restored. reddish to buffclaywithlargegrits. Hard,coarse, Tracesof threestripesof white paint on the shelf, toward the wall. radiating Large,deepbasinwith flat bottom,verticalwalls and lip thickened towardthe exterior. At the front, overa widthof about0.33 (nearly of the one-quarter thewallis reduced to a heightof only circumference), 0.205.At the baseof the wall,beneath this opening, a vent,0.015in diameter, usedfordraining apparently the contents of thevat. Diametrically at the opposite, baseof the wallin back,a similar vent set at a slight toward the exterior, around the angleupwards where,

20

THE ATHENIAN AGORA: POTTERY OF THE ROMAN PERIOD

easternMediterranean and exampleshave penetrated as far east as Arikamedu on the eastern (Pondicherry) coast of India.16
F 94. STORAGE RHODIAN. AMPHORA, P1. 3. P 11878.H. 0.85; D. 0.28. Fragmentary; restored. Rather fine, buff clay; self-slip. Slenderbody taperingto a narrowtoe with knob; lip marked by deep groove on exterior. Pointed handles,roundin section (not stamped). Jars of this type seem relatedin fabric and shape to stamped Rhodian amphorae of the Hellenistic period; the pointed handles do not occur, however, on the stamped specimens. CompareP 21780 and 21781,similaramphoraefrom the Augustanfillingof Deposit R 10:1, and a neck fragment from Arikamedu.17 Fragments of such amphoraeoccur also in GroupG, Layer IIa (uninventoried).

the interior, extending around two-thirds of the circumference (at back and sides), a shelf 0.13 wide, raised0.06 above the floor and supportedby several struts of clay. On one side, a large horizontal,flat handle; on the other side, but not diametrically opposite,traces of anotherhandle. The purposeserved by this vat is obscure;it may have been designedas a foot-bathin whichhot water, poured in from the outside funnel and spreading slowly over the floor, could cool somewhat before coming in contact with the bather's feet resting on the shelf. fragmentsof a similarvat of smaller Uncatalogued size (D. base est. 0.32) appearedin Deposit C 18:3, a filling contemporarywith the lower fill of the presentDeposit (N 19 :1).
DIPINTO. F 92. STORAGE AMPHORA, Pls. 3, 59.

P 9670. P.H. 0.86; D. 0.309. Fragmentary;one handleand tip of toe missing; partly restored. F 96. STORAGE P1. 3. AMPHORA. Fine, hard, reddishbuff clay. P 11879. P.H. 0.615; D. 0.33. Fragmentary; Ovoid body, tapering sharply toward toe; plain, handles and part of neck missing; partly restored. rounded lip, marked by a groove on the exterior; Light red, micaceousclay; buff slip. handlesroundin section. On shoulder,inscriptionin Ovoidbody, moreplumpthan F 92-94, with short, black paint, readinguncertain. blunt toe; slight angle between shoulderand wall; F 93. STORAGE COAN. P1. 3. handleswere oval in section. AMPHORA, P 11880. H. 0.878; D. 0.325. Fragmentary; F 96. STAMPED AMPHORA HANDLE,KNIDIAN. P1. 36. restored. Buff to pinkishbuffclay, buffto greenishbuffslip. SS 6711. Max. dim. 0.079. Upper part of handle Slenderbody taperingat bottom to a short, blunt only preserved;part of stamp missing. toe; shoulderset off from wall at an angle and from Rectangular stamp on top surface of handle: neck by a deep groove (which probably marks the amphora,[K]XEu I lnlIeEu. I owe the reading to Miss neck and who considersthis stamp to belong made between shoulder Grace, Virginia separately joint sections,as in G 198); shortneck with plain, rounded to the 1st century B.C., subsequentto Sulla's sack of Athens. For a generalstudy of Knidianamphorae lip; double rolled handles (not stamped). This type of jar is considered to be of Coan (primarilyHellenistic) see V. Grace, Hesperia, III, manufacture.It is found distributedthroughoutthe 1934, pp. 241-275; Grace,in Pnyx, II, pp. 144-164.
OBJECTSOTHERTHAN POTTERY

F 97. LAMP. P1.44. L 2698.L. rest. 0.101; W. 0.057; H. 0.036. Handle missing;restored. Reddishbuff clay; reddishglaze. Rim: wreathof leaves and buds. Nozzletriangular; base concave.Howlandno. 762, type 54 A. R. Howlandinformsme that this type of rim decoration begins before 86 B.C. but continuespast that date.F97, locatedat a depthof 1.25fromthe top of the
16 V. Grace, Hesperia, Suppl. VIII, 1949, pp. 181, 186,189, pl. 19, 8; A. Maiuri, Nuova silloge epigrafica di Rodi e Cos, Firenze, 1925, pp. 245-248 (note especially the figure on p. 246, an amphora of more nearly cylindrical shape than F 93); M. Wheeler, Ancient India, II, 1946, pp. 41-45, fig. 9,53-57. The Hellenistic jars of Coan type generally have

fillingof the cistern,probably belongsto its laterperiod.

F 98. LAMP,SIGNED. P1. 44.

L 2699. L. rest. 0.118; W. 0.066; H. 0.034. End of nozzle missing;restored. Hard, brownishred clay; dull, brownishred glaze. Rim: boukraniajoined by festoons of bead-andreel pattern; a rosette above each festoon. On base, vaiov. signature,incisedin the clay whilemoist,Atovu Howlandno. 804, type 57.
identifying stamps on the handles; later specimens, such as F 93, that from Arikamedu and one from Rhodes (cited by Maiuri, p. 245) bear no stamps. The shape is also known in the west in Augustan and Tiberian times: Haltern, I, pp. 250-25i, fig. 36; Hofheim, pp. 801-302, fig. 71. 17 Wheeler, op. cit., p. 45, fig. 10,81.

GROUP F
F 99. LAMP.

21

P1. 44. F 102. LAMP. PI. 44. L 3223. L. rest. 0.119; W. 0.073; H. 0.037. Tip of L 2719. L. rest. 0.133; W. 0.073; H. 0.04. Handle and tip of nozzle missing; restored. nozzle, handle and part of body missing; restored. Hard, pinkishbuff clay; dull, reddishbrownglaze. Hard, reddish clay with some grits; dull, reddish Rim: ridges radiating from center. Base flat and glaze. undecorated. Howlandtype 52 E (seeunderHowland Rim plain; base concave. Two grooves along top no. 786). of nozzle. Howlandno. 569, type 44 A. F 100. LAMP. P1. 44.

F 103. LAMP. P1.44. L 3222. L. rest. 0.121; W. rest. 0.068; H. 0.042. L 2697. L. rest. 0.110; W. 0.063; H. 0.031. Handle Handle,tip ofnozzleandpartof bodymissing;restored. missing;restored. Hard, reddish clay with grits; dull, dark reddish Brownish red clay; metallic, reddish brown to glaze. black glaze. Rim plain; base flat. Howlandno. 571, type 44 A. Rim: as F 99. Nozzle triangular. Base concave. Solid lug on left edge of rim. Howlandno. 718, type F 104. LAMP. 52 C. L 3225. D. rim est. 0.08. Severaljoining and nonjoining fragmentspreservepart of discus and body; F 101.LAMP. PI. 44. base missing. L 2721. L. rest. 0.129; W. 0.081; H. 0.034. Handle Soft, gritty, gray-buffclay; traces of dull, orangeand parts of rim and nozzle missing; restored. brownglaze. Narrowrim (as M 19) set off from discus by two Hard, reddish clay; reddish glaze, fired brownish black on underside. grooves. Discus concave and decorated in relief: Rim: as F 99-100. Nozzle triangular with five nude male figure (preserved from shoulderto thigh), grooves along top. Raised lip all around rim and facing left. Volutes at either side of nozzle, against nozzle. Base concave and undecorated. Howland rim.Thenozzleterminatedeitheras G 150 or as G 161. no. 736, type 52 E. A lamp of Broneer's type XXII. Perlzweig.

GROUP G
1ST AND 2ND CENTURIES GroupG constitutesthe entirefillingof DepositD 4:1. Thisis the westernunit of a complex of two cisternslocatedabout fifty metersnorth of the northwestcornerof the Hephaisteion; they arejoined by a passage5.00 m. long (the easternunit is DepositE 5: 1).1Plate 75 shows both plan and section of the complex.The easterncisternprobablyhad an originaldepth of about 6.30 m.; at some time duringthe Roman period,however,its depthwas increasedto 11.50m. andit was subsequently filledwith debrisconsistingof stonesand brokenpottery(the is filling of the eastern cistern not treated here). The passage connectingthe two cisterns, 2.40 m.-2.80 m. in height, was,at its mid-point, walledacrossby a barrier1.80 m. high; this was piercedby a channelplaced0.60 m. abovethe floorof the passage.The purposeof barrier barrierand channelwas to controlthe flow of waterfrom one cisternto the other duringthe monthswhen the water supplywas low. The structureswhichthe two cisternsservedare no is occupied by the longer preserved,for the surfacein the vicinity of the cistern-mouths of whichobliterated earlierarchitectural foundations of a Byzantinebuilding,the construction of the cisterns, is indicatedby the few bits of pottery remains. Thedate of construction however, foundin the basinof the westernchamber; these, of the 3rdcenturyB.C.,areso few in number that none have been catalogued. and so fragmentary seemsto be as follows:immediately Thehistoryof the fillingof the westernchamber overthe floor, where it perhapsaccumulated duringthe use of the cistern,was a filling (LayerI G 1-7) containingpottery and lamps of the early 1st or even of the 2nd centuryB.C. Subsequentlythe cisternwent out of use (perhaps followingthe sackin 86 B.C.)and not long after the middleof the lst centuryafter Christthe chamberwas filled (LayerII - G 8-165) to a as muchas 2.25 m. at one side)with debriscontaining(along depthof about 1.75 m. (reaching with brokenpottery,lampsand otherobjectsof household of painted use) numerous fragments wall stucco,somewith mouldedornament; tracesof ash wereobserved in this blackfill. Fifteen coinswerefoundin LayerII, the latest a denarius of Tiberius (A.D.26-87).2At a still laterdate, at in the end of 1st or 2nd after the the was filled Christ,the chamber probably century early to the top, againwith buildingdebriscontainingbrokenpiecesof paintedstuccoand of terracotta windowtiles. This fill (LayerIII - G 166-212), primarilyreddishin color, contained as LayerII. None of the elevenbronzecoinsfromLayerIII is significant for tracesof burning, but the parallelism betweencertainvesselsof this Layer (as G 176, 188, 191, 197) chronology; and othersof GroupJ and of LayerIII of GroupM suggeststhe early 2nd centurydate. It seemspossible,on the basisof the potteryandlamps,that LayerII shouldbe dividedinto two portions:Layer IIa, to a depth of about 1.15 m. from the bottom, thrownin duringthe first quarterof the 1st century after Christand containingspecimensof Arretineware with rectangular potter'sstamps(as G33, q.v.,and G34); andLayerIIb, to a depthof about1.75 m. from the bottom, thrown in twenty-fiveto forty years later and containingthe Tiberian
1 This cistern complex was excavated between March 23rd and April 26th, 1937. 2 As H. Mattingly, Coins of theRoman Empire in the British Museum, I, London, 1923, p. 126, no. 52 (pl. 23,6 and p. cxxx); Thompson, Coins, no. 18. The other coins were issues of much earlier date and of no chronological significance in this Layer.

GROUP G

23

denarius mentioned above along with specimens of Arretine ware of latest Augustan or Tiberian times (as G 37, with plantaform stamp, and G 38).3 But in view of the many imponderables involved in the fall of debris when dropped through a narrow cistern mouth into the wider storage space below, it is unwise to insist upon a narrowly defined stratigraphy in any cistern filling. For that reason, the two subdivisions of Layer II are not separately listed in the following catalogue; those pieces, however, which derive from the lower 1.15 m. of fill (i.e. Layer IIa) are marked with an asterisk. The channel leading eastward from the cistern at D 4:1 was partially filled, as far east as the barrier, with debris which had accumulated on the several occasions of filling the cistern chamber (P1.75). This fill could not profitably be dug stratigraphically; the objects from it may therefore be individually contemporary with any one of the three Layers observed in the cistern chamber. It is likely, however, that this filling is not associated with Layer I, a periodof-use filling. Most of it is probably contemporary with the first dumped fill, Layer II; the character of the pottery and lamps from this channel filling correspondsmore closely with that of Layer II than with that of Layer III. The inventoried objects from the channel filling are listed separately in the following catalogue, as G 213-228.
LAYER I (EARLY lST CENTURY B.C.)
G 1. PERGAMENE HEMISPHERICAL CUP. PI. 4.

P 10164. H. 0.046; D. est. 0.095. Fragmentary; restored. Light buff clay; reddish glaze; double-dipping streak. Shape as F 6-11, but less high than is usual in this cup.

G 2.

THORNWAREJUG.

PI.4.

Broneer (Broneer, Lamps, p. 54) observes that lamps of this type (Knidos lamps, Broneer type XIII) were manufactured before 200 B.C. but were most common in the first half of the 2nd century; Howland (Lamps, p.126) dates them in the second half of the 2nd century and first quarter of the 1st century B.C. For parallels, see Walters, Lamps, nos. 850-389, especially nos. 364 and 366. G 4. LAMP. P1. 44. L 2934. P.L. 0.114; W. 0.07; H. 0.041. Tip of nozzle and part of body missing. Gray clay; dull, black glaze. Deep, mouldmade body; sloping rim, set off from the flat discus by a raised ridge (the latter also made in the mould). On the rim, in relief, on either side: a leaf flanked by two rosettes. Two grooves along the top of the nozzle. Flat handle. Base undecorated. Howland no. 806, type 58 A. Another Agora lamp (L 4691, Howland no. 807) is derived from the same mould as G 4. Howland's type 58 A lamp shows some of the characteristics of Broneer's type XVIII and some of those of his type XIX; it is impossible, in the absence of adequate chronology for this specific type, to employ it as an

P 10165. H. 0.11; D. 0.105. Most of handle and part of body and lip missing; restored. Fine, brittle, gray clay of thin fabric; fired darker on exteriorthan on interior. Plump, roundedbody on ring foot; shoulderand neck form a continuouscurve and join the wall at an angle. Everted lip, turned up at the outer edge and grooved on the outer, vertical surface.Handle from shoulder to lip, round in section, with a small projectingspur above for thumb-support.At top of wall, an irregular band of vertical, wedge-shaped projections(cf. F 23); below, horizontalgrooves.
G 3.
LAMP.

P1. 44.

L 2935. L. 0.111; W. 0.071; H. 0.084. Intact. Gray clay; dull, black glaze. Body wheelmade; rim adorned with applique aid in dating Layer I of GroupG. reliefs:pairedleaves and dots. Nozzle broad,rounded FIGURINE. P1. 48. at tip, with flukes at the sides. Double rolled handle G 5. TERRACOTTA T 1444. P. H. 0.044; P. W. 0.028. Head only, encircled by a grooved band near the rim. Base broken at back and at neck. concave. Howlandno. 521, type 40 A.

3 Miss Judith Perlzweig considers that the lamps G 141 and G 143-146 (all from Layer IIb) do not antedate the middle of the century. Insofar, however, as ceramic evidence is available from other sources, there seems to be no reason for bringing the pottery of Layer IIb much beyond the time of Tiberius.

24

THE ATHENIAN AGORA: POTTERY OF THE ROMAN PERIOD

Rather soft, pinkish buff clay; traces of white Light buff clay; no tracesof paint preserved. A femalehead, the featuresnot sharplyexpressed. paint on back of head. As G5; a heavy wreathcrownsthe head; above the Braided locks of hair hang down at the sides; a heavy roll crowns the head, with an attached knot forehead,a large knot, over whichhangs a veil (?). (? now missing)over the forehead(cf. G 6).
G 7.
BONE INSTRUMENT.

P1. 56.

G 6. TERRACOTTA FIGURINE. P1. 48. T 1445. P.H. 0.065; P. W. 0.039. Head only; face brokenaway.

BI 359. P.L. 0.055. Brokenat top. A pointed instrument (hair-pin?),the upper part of the shaft markedby spiralgrooving.

LAYER II (FIRST HALF OF 1ST CENTURY)

PERGAMENE WARE

G 15. PLATE FRAGMENT

P1. 60.

P 22074. P.H. 0.016; D. foot est. 0.15. Single PI. 60. G 8. PLATE FRAGMENT. of floor and foot. P 22069.P.H. 0.033; D. foot est. 0.145. Fragment fragment micaceousclay (similarto Soft, cinnamon-brown, of foot and floor. that of Samian A ware, for which see p. 12, note 9); Yellowishbuff clay; reddishglaze; double-dipping reddish glaze (similar to that of Pergameneware), streak. much worn.
P1. 60. Storage, Layer II, Pergamene ware-fragments of a P 11521. H. 0.029; D. est. 0.155. Fragmentary; cup as F 12 and of plates as F 3 and F 4 (the last two from Layer IIa). centerof floormissing;restored. reddish dark buff glaze. clay; Light SAMIAN WARE Storage,LayersIIa and IIb-fragments of similar plate. G 16. SAMIAN B PLATE FRAGMENT, STAMPED. P1s. 57, 61. P1. 60. G 10. PLATE FRAGMENT. P 22067.P.H. 0.021; D. foot est. 0.10. Twojoining P 22070. P.H. 0.013; D. est. 0.153. Fragment of preservepart of floor and wall. fragments floorand foot, with a trace of the rim. brownish Hard, red,micaceousclay; orange-brown streak. Clayand glaze as G 8; double-dipping glaze. On the floor: circular, rouletted band; at the P1. 60. G 11. PLATE FRAGMENT. center, potter's stamp of rectangularshape with one P 22071. P.H. 0.02; D. est. 0.10. Fragmentof rim line of lettering. illegible and floor; traces of the attachmentof the foot. clay; darkreddishglaze. Orange-buff *G 17. SAMIAN B CUP FRAGMENT. P1. 61. P P.H. D. 22099. foot est. 0.05. Small 0.007; P1. 60. G 12. BOWL FRAGMENT. of and floor center of floor foot; missing. P 22072. P.H. 0.021; D. est. 0.155. Fragmentary; fragment and glaze as G 16; double-dippingstreak. Clay foot missing. From a very small cup or pyxis. Clayand glaze as G 11. G 18. SAMIAN B CUP FRAGMENT. P1.61. G 13. HEMISPHERICAL CUP, FLANGED RIM. P 22068.P.H. D. est. 0.085. Singlefragment Pls. 4, 61, 78. of rim and wall. 0.019; P 22078. H. rest. 0.053; D. rest. 0.118. Two nonmicaceous clay; orange-redglaze Cinnamon-red, joining fragments preserve almost the full profile; which has in part peeled from the surface. restored. The clay and glaze of this piece resemblethose of Clayand glaze as G 8. Samian A ware, but the articulated rim and the neat roulettingon the ridges of the rim bespeakthe G 14. ]HEMISPHERICAL BOWL, FLANGED RIM. Pls. 4,61. finer quality of SamianB. P 9868. H. 0.087; D. 0.194. Fragmentary; Pls. 4, 57, 61. G 19. SAMIAN A PLATE, STAMPED. restored. Buff clay; reddishbrownglaze. This may be only P 9866. H. 0.034; D. 0.167. Almost complete; an imitation of Pergamenefabric. restored. Rathersoft, cinnamon-red, micaceous Storage,Layer II-fragments of three bowls of clay; orangesimilar shape (two not of Pergamenefabric). red glaze; double-dipping streak.
*G 9. PLATE.

GROUP G

25

Roulettingat top and bottom of rim. On floor,two Soft, pinkishcinnamon,non-micaceous clay; dull, circular grooves and, at center, a device-stamp: reddishorangeglaze. This is probablyan imitation of Samianware; the eight-rayedstar. absence of rouletting and grooving on the rim is G 20. SAMIANA PLATE. unusual, as is also the absence of any stamp on the P 22065. H. 0.025; D. est. 0.12. Fragmentary; floor. The shape occurs in true Samian (M 33), center of floormissing. Pergamene(Antioch, IV, 1, pl. V, 460, a-q), Arretine Clay, glaze and shape as G 19. (G 35) and local Attic (?) wares (G 70-71, H 6-7). G 21. SAMIANA BOWL, STAMPED. Pls. 4, 57, 62, 73. G 29. SAMIAN A CUP, STAMPED. Pls. 4, 57, 62. P 9855. H. 0.04; D. 0.103. Fragmentary;restored. P 9859. H. 0.052; D. rest. 0.123. Fragmentary; streak. Clay and glaze as G 19; double-dipping restored. Rouletting on top surface of rim; appliqu6 Clay and glaze as G 19. ornamentsfrequentlyoccuron the lip of bowlsof this On the floor, a circulargroove and, at the center, shape and of the shape of M 33 but were not present an illegible lettered stamp in plantapedis (impressed on G 21. At center of floor, a rectangularstamp: from a worn die). KiplSos. G 22. SAMIAN A BOWL. P1.61. G 30. SAMIAN A CUP, STAMPED. Pls. 57, 62. P 9856. H. 0.027; D. est. 0.116. Fragmentary; P 9860. H. 0.047; D. 0.108. Fragmentary; center of floormissing. restored. Clayas G 16; glaze as G 19. Clay and glaze as G 19; thin fabric. On the floor, circulargroove and, at the center, a G 23. SAMIAN A BOWL FRAGMENT, STAMPED P1. 57. device-stamp:rosette of six dots. P 22066. P.H. 0.012; D. foot est. 0.05. Single G 31. SAMIANA PLATE. fragmentof floor and wall. P1. 61. and as G streak. glaze 19; Clay double-dipping P 9864. H. 0.03; D. est. 0.146. Fragmentary;floor Foot and wall similar to G 21 so far as preserved. missing; restored. At center of floor, a device-stamp:rosette. Clay and glaze as G 19. G 24. SAMIAN A BOWL, STAMPED. Pls. 4, 57, 61. G 32. SAMIAN A PLATE. Pls. 4, 61. P 9857. H. 0.021; D. 0.087. Fragmentary; P 9865. H. D. est. 0.185. 0.022; Fragmentary; restored. center of floormissing; restored. as G as G streak. 16; glaze 19; double-dipping Clay Soft, light cinnamon, micaceous clay; dull, red At center of floor, a device-stamp:leaf. glaze. G 26. SAMIAN A PLATE, STAMPED. Pls. 57, 61. P 9861. H. 0.03; D. 0.146. Fragmentary;restored. Storage, Layer II, Samian ware-two fragmentsof SamianB fromLayer IIa; fromLayer IIb, numerous streak. Clay and glaze as G 19; double-dipping On the floor,three circulargroovesand, at center, fragmentsof typical SamianA plate and cup shapes. Althoughthe few pieces of SamianB ware from this a device-stamp:rosette of five dots. Layer occurin both IIa and IIb, the greaterquantity G 26. SAMIANA PLATE. PI. 4. of Samian A ware occurs in levels above IIa. This P 11504. H. 0.026; D. 0.12. Fragmentary;center evidence tends to support the contention, based on the study of the Samianfabrics as a whole, that the of floor missing; restored. Ratherfirm,cinnamon-red, micaceousclay; orange- finer quality B ware antedates the poorer A ware.4 The appearanceof A ware in Athens may be placed red glaze. in the late Augustanor early Tiberianperiod. as 26. G Shape
G 27.
SAMIAN A PLATE FRAGMENT, STAMPED. P1. 57.

P 9871. Max. pres. floor D. est. 0.165. Several WESTERN SIGILLATA WARES joining fragmentsof floor; partly restored. *G 33. ARRETINE PLATE, STAMPED. Pls. 4, 57, 62, 73. Clay and glaze as G 19. From a plate as G 25-26. On the floor,two groups P 9846. H. 0.041; D. rest. 0.32. Fragmentary; of three circulargroovesand, at the center, a device- restored. stamp: palmette. Hard, buff clay; lustrous, reddish brown glaze on base and inside of foot). G 28. SAMIANA cUP. P1.4, 62. (except P 11498. H. 0.061; D. est. 0.113. Fragmentary; 4 This point will be discussed in greater detail in the restored. second volume of this work.

26

THE ATHENIAN AGORA: POTTERY OF THE ROMAN PERIOD

Clayand glaze as G 36. At centerof floor,stamp in plantapedis: C.amuri. This floorfragmentmay be a part of G 36. The plantaform stamp is characteristicof postAugustantimes; its terminus post quemmay even be as late as A.D. 21.5Camurius was an Arretinepotter of the Tiberianperiod (Comfort, Arret.,pp. 190-191).
G 38. ARRETINE RELIEF FRAGMENT.

P1. 5. P 9852. Max. dim. 0.058. Fragmentfrom rounded wall of a mouldedbowl. Cinnamon-red clay; thick, lustrous,reddishbrown *G 34. SIGILLATA PLATE, STAMPED. Pls. 57, 62. glaze. P 9627 (+ 9988).H. 0.036; D. rest. 0.17. FragmenFrom the lower part of the body. In relief on tary; restored. exterior:Eros, winged, to r., both feet together,left Hard, buff clay; lustrous,reddishbrownglaze. arm extended forwardand right arm drawnback at The vertical rim is grooved and rouletted on shoulder level; to left and right, floral spikes; at exterior. On the floor, two circulargrooves and, at extremeleft, three rosettes or flowers(?). the center, a rectangularstamp: Severi. The portion The attributionof this piece is not certain.It may of the stamp preservedon P 9988 was publishedby belongto the workshopof M. PerenniusBargathesor Biffe (Stamps,II, p. 55) as "C. Meri";the discovery to that of Publius Cornelius;6 it should be dated in of the join between P 9988 and P 9627 providesthe the late Augustanor Tiberianperiod. correctreading. The shape is Haltern 2 (Haltern, I, pp. 142-143). Storage,Layer II, Arretineware-fragments of two ProfessorHoward Comfortinformsme that at least cups similarto G 35, of three plates of Halterntype 2 three potters of the name were active, but that the (cf. G 34) and of one Tiberianplate as G 36, all from Severusof G 34 is probablya potter of the Po Valley, Layer IIa; from Layer lib, several rim fragments the dates of whose activity are not preciselyfixed; as G 36. the shape Haltern 2, however,is probablylimited to the first quarterof the 1st century after Christ. OTHER FINE EARLY ROMAN FABRICS *G 35. ARRETINE CUP. P1. 62. P 9991. P.H. 0.021; D. est. 0.074. About half of rim and upperwall preserved. Hard, light reddishclay; lustrous,light orange-red glaze. Therim markedwith roulettingat top and bottom. No trace of appliqueornamentson rim. The shape as G 28 and Haltern 8 (Haltern, I, pp. 147-149, pl. X).
G 36.
ARRETINE PLATE FRAGMENT.

On floor, a circular rouletted band set off by grooves, over the position of the foot; at center of floor, a rectangularpotter's stamp: L. TitilThyrsi. This plate is of the shape known as Haltern lb; examples with central stamp (as opposed to the earlier, radial, sextuple stamping) are to be dated between10 B.C. and A.D. 9 approximately (Haltern, I, pp. 138-142).L. Titius Thyrsus,a freedmanof the contemporarypotter L. Titius, was active independently at Arezzo from about 10 B.C. (Ihm, Arret. Topf., p. 118).

CUP. WARE *G 39. BRITTLE

P1. 4.

Pls. 5, 62.

P 11520. H. 0.055; D. rest. 0.095. Fragmentary; restored. Rather coarse, gray clay with some grits; thin fabric. Cupwith small, flat base, roundedwall and plain lip. The lower attachment of one vertical handle is preserved;a second handle may have been present and the cup has been so restored. Storage,LayerIIa-fragments of two similarcups.

P 9851.P.H. 0.025; D. est. 0.17. Aboutone-quarter *G 40. BRITTLEWARE CUP. PI. 4. of rim and part of floor preserved. P H. D. rest. rest. 0.099. Two non22098. 0.071; Hard,reddishclay; reddishbrownglaze with faint the joining fragments preserve complete profile; luster. restored. two On exteriorof rim, appliqueornaments:Eros, Hard, reddish,micaceousclay. piping, to 1.; long-hairedmask. The spacingof these Smallcup on ring foot, the wall curvingin slightly ornaments suggeststhat therewereoriginallysevenor toward the plain lip. No trace of handles preserved. eightonthe completerim.G37maybelongto thisplate. This type of rim, with appliqueornaments,is not G 41. BRITTLEWAREBEAKER. P1. 4. earlier than the Tiberian period (Oswald-Pryce, P 22076. H. 0.098; D. rest. 0.098. Fragmentary; Rdtien, pp.239-241, restored. Introd., pl. XLII, 9-11; Ohlenroth, 243-245). 37. ARRETINE GE
PLATE FRAGMENT, STAMPED.

PI. 57.

P 9850. Max. dim. 0.045. Small fragment from center of floor, without trace of foot.

5 Comfortin Antioch,1V, 1, p. 62; Comfort, T-S, col. 1312; Ox6, Bodenaltertiiumer Westfalens, VI, 1944, p. 70. 6 Cf. Tibingen, pls. 16,235, 17,260, 24,229-230, 35,525; Comfort, A.J.A., XLII, 1938, pp. 506-508, no. 1.

GROUP G

27

Reddish brown clay of slightly granulartexture; Brittle, gray-brown clay with small grits. The lead glaze,bluishgreenon exterior,brownon interior. upperhalf of the body firedblack on the exterioras a The mouldmadebody of the cup is adornedwith a result of stackingin the kiln. Ovoid body on false ring foot; base concave. relief pattern of compound,sexfoliaterosettes. Verticalrim set in from the top of the wall at a sharp On the subject of lead glazes, see Tarsus, I, angle; a groove at top of rim. No handles. pp. 191-196.
P1. 68. G 42. BRITTLE WARE BEAKER FRAGMENTS. P 22077. Max. P.H. 0.041; D. base est. 0.05. Two joining fragments of body and one non-joining fragmentof base. Fine, brittle, light yellow-buffclay; extremelythin fabric. From a beakerwith flat base; the wall apparently flared out from the base slightly before turning upward;vertical wall surfaceindentedas in H 2 and J 69 (glass). The double profiledrawingon Plate 63 showsthe lines of maximumconvexity and maximum concavity of the wall.

P1. 62. P 22075. P.H. 0.016; D. foot est. 0.175. Part of foot and floorpreserved,with commencement of rim. black much worn. Soft, gray clay; dull, glaze, On the floor, two pairs of circulargrooves; there may have been stamped ornament, but none is preservedon this small segment of the floor. Such plattersgenerallywere extremelylarge, with a very low, plain rim. Three rim fragmentsof gray ware platters in Storage (Layer Ia) have estimated diametersof 0.60, 0.40 and 0.28 respectively.
G 46. GRAY WARE PLATE FRAGMENT.

G 47. GRAY WARE CUP. PI. 62. P 9870. H. 0.033; D. 0.066. Almost complete; G 43. BRITTLE WARE CUP. P1. 4. restored. P 22094.H. 0.069; D. rest. 0.097. Handlesand part Hard, gray clay; dull, gray-blackglaze. of body and rim missing; traces of the attachments for both handles are preserved;restored. P1. 5. *G 48. MOULDED BOWL. Fine, hard, gray clay, mottled in part to reddish P 9848. H. 0.079; D. 0.142. Complete. brown; the fabric somewhat thicker than in most Rather fine, buff clay; dull, reddish glaze, fired brittle ware pieces. black on base and on much of interior. Shallow cup on ring foot; offset, vertical rim, Hemisphericalbowl with high rim and everted, concaveon exterior. undercut lip. The body adorned with imbricate patternin relief, surmounted by a horizontalband of Storage, Layer II, brittle ware-from Layer IIa, circles; the base marked a circle of small leaves by fragmentsof severalcupswith flat base and of a kan- surrounded by two concentricridges. tharos (?); from Layer lib, similar fragments and The shapeand techniqueare those of the Megarian two piecesof a beakerof creamyyellow clay in a fabric bowls (see Thompson,H.P., pp. 451-459; Tarsus,I, of eggshellthickness (cf. H 3). pp. 163-165; Pnyx, II, pp. 83-112), but the rather thick fabric and heavily undercutlip are not found BEAKER. *G44. GLAZED P1. 4. on the Hellenisticbowls; the lip may well reflectthe P 9990. H. 0.081; D. 0.07. Fragmentary;restored. influence of imported Arretine footed bowls (as Fine, light brick-red clay; thin fabric; reddish Oswald-Pryce, Introd.,pl. II, 3). glaze, lustrous on exterior,thin and dull on interior. beakerwith flat base, set off from wall Cylindrical AND NON-GTLASEP WARES at an oblique angle. Horizontal band of rouletting, MISCELLANEOUSGJAZEDT set off by grooves,about center of body; a groove at *G 49. PLATE. Pls. 4, 65. lip and another near base. It is possible, though P 9987. H. 0.054-0.058; D. 0.30. Half missing; unlikely,that this vessel had a handle. restored. The cylindricalbeaker shape occurs commonlyin Buff clay; dull, brownishred glaze, fired black in early Imperialwares of north Italy and even in true part. Arretine fabric, as Haltern type 16 (Haltern, I, Probably an imitation of the Augustan plate of pp. 155-156, pl. XVI, 16). The Halternexamplemust western manufacture,Haltern type 3b (Haltern,I, be placed before A.D. 16, the date at which the pl. X, 3b). occupationof the site came to an end. Storage,Layer IIa-fragment of a similarplate.
G 45. STEMMEDCUP, LEAD GLAZE. Pls. 5, 63.

G 50. PLATE.

P1. 65.

P 9844. H. est. 0.135; D. est. 0.185. Three nonP 11489. H. 0.053; D. est. 0.40. Small portion of joining fragmentsof rim, body and foot, from which rim and floor preserved; center of floor missing; the compositeprofile(P1.63) has been prepared.No partly restored. trace of handlespreserved, Coarse,pinkish buff clay; dull, red glaze.

28

THE ATHENIAN AGORA: POTTERY OF THE ROMAN PERIOD

G 67. BOWL. P1. 5.

G 61. BowL, TWOHANDLES. P1. 5. P 11490. H. 0.068; D. at lip 0.14. Fragmentary; one handle missing;restored. Rathercoarse,gray-buffclay; dull, blackto brown glaze (partial). Shapeas F 29, but the rimis slightlyhigherand the horizontalbar of the handleis pressedin close to the rim. No stampedornamenton the floor.

P 9863. H. 0.04; D. 0.133. Fragmentary;center of floormissing;restored. Clayand glaze as G 55. Shapeas G 53-66. On the floor,two circularbands of rouletting.
G 68.
BOWL.

Pls. 5, 66.

P 9862. H. 0.029; D. rest. 0.132. Fragmentary; of floormissing; restored. center P1. 66. G 62. BOWL, TWOHANDLES. Rather coarse,reddishbuff clay; dull, orange-red P 11505. H. 0.068; D. at lip rest. 0.133. Fragmenglaze. tary; both handles missing; restored (the handles restoredon the analogyof F 29). Pls. 5, 66. G 59. BOWL. Rather coarse,pinkishbuff clay; thin fabric; dull, P 11507. H. 0.034; D. rest. 0.15. Fragmentary; red glaze (partial),firedbrownishred on exterior. of floormissing; restored. center Shapeas G 51 and F 29, but the rim is higherthan Rather soft, buff clay with some mica; orange-red in G 51. No stampedornamenton floor. much worn on floor (base may have been glaze, Storage, Layer II-fragments of at least three without glaze). bowls similarto G 61-52. M 34. Compare
G 63.
BOWL, STAMPED.

Pls. 57, 66.

BOWL. *G 60. SHALLOW

Pls. 5, 66.

P 9867. H. 0.05; D. rest. 0.17. Fragmentary; restored. Rather soft, orange-buff clay; orange-brown glaze. On floor,four circularbands of roulettingand, at center, a device-stamp:sandalledfoot (cf. G 64-66, G61). Thestamppublished by Iliffe(Iliffe,Stamps,II, p. 51) as "P. Hertorius?". Storage, Layer II-fragments of several bowls similarto G 63-67 in Layers IIa and IIb.

P 11519. H. 0.032; D. 0.106. Fragmentary; restored. Micaceous,reddish brown clay; dull, red glaze (partial). The shape is an elaborationof the form seen in F 63-54; comparealso G 216 and [M 66] for developments of the later 1st and 2nd centuries.
G 61.
BOWL, STAMPED.

Pls. 5, 57, 66.

P 9858. H. 0.03; D. 0.113. Fragmentary;restored. Fine, hard, orange clay; orange glaze (partial). G 54. BOWL, STAMPED. P1. 66. Onfloor,circularband of roulettingand, at center, P 11499. H. 0.037; D. rest. 0.125. Fragmentary; a device-stamp:sandalledfoot (as G 63-56). Compare restored. 31. H Soft, gray clay; dull, grayish black glaze. Storage, Layer IIb-fragments of two similar As G 63, but smaller. On the floor, two circular bowls. bands of rouletting and, at center, a device-stamp, much worn: sandalledfoot (?). STAMPED. G 62. BOWL FRAGMENT, P1. 57. P 22079. P.H. 0.017; D. foot 0.057. Fragment of foot and floor. P 11484. P.H. 0.017; D. foot 0.052. Fragment of Buff clay; orange-brown glaze. foot and floor. From a bowl or plate with slightly concave floor, Rather coarse, reddish clay; dull, dark red glaze. on ring foot. On the floor, severalindistinct circular From a bowl as G 64. On the floor, three circular bands of rouletting and, at center, a device-stamp: bands of rouletting and, at center, a device-stamp: rosette. sandalledfoot.
G 66. BOWL FRAGMENT, STAMPED. P1. 57.

G 63. BOWL FRAGMENT, STAMPED. G 66.BOWL,STAMPED. Pls. 5, 57.

P1. 57.

P 11497. H. rest. 0.039; D. rest. 0.159. Fragment of foot and floor with non-joiningrim fragments; restored. clay; dull, reddishorangeglaze. Orange-red As G 63-64. On the floor, three circularbands of rouletting and, at center, a device-stamp:sandalled foot.

P 22081. P.H. 0.017; D. foot est. 0.06. Fragment of foot and floor. Reddish clay; brownish red glaze with faint metallicluster. Very similarclay and glaze are found in G 68, G 70-71, G 173, H 4-6, H 16. From a bowl or plate with concave floor, on low ring foot. On the floor, two circulargrooves and, at center, a device-stamp:rosette.

GROUP G G 64.

29

RIM. BOWL FRAGMENT, STAMPED. PI. 57. G 72. CuP, FLANGED P1. 5. P 22084.H. rest. 0.038; D. 0.07. Fragmentary, rim P 22080. P.H. 0.02; D. foot 0.046. Fragment of restored. foot and floor. missing; Buff clay; reddishbrownglaze. Buff clay; dull, black glaze (partial). Shallow cup on ring foot; a high, flanged rim is From a small bowl or cup of hemispherical shape, on ring foot. At center of floor, a device-stamp: restoredon the analogy of P 9171 (Deposit D 11:1). rosette. CUP. *G 73. HEMISPHERICAL Pls. 5, 66.

P 11517. H. 0.05; D. 0.078. Almost complete; P 11512. H. 0.047; D. rest. 0.10. Fragmentary; restored. Rather soft, pinkish clay with some grits; dull, center of floormissing; restored. Hard, buff clay; orange-red orange-red glaze. glaze. This shape is common in the earlier varieties of G 66. BOWL. P1. 66. Pergamene ware (F 6-11, G 1), but it was supplanted, P 9854. H. 0.06; D. 0.107. Fragmentary;restored. in that fabric, in the late 1st century B.C., by the Rather soft, buff clay; dull, red glaze (partial), bell-cupwith flangedrim (see references underG 28). fired buff in part. G 74. HEMISPHERICAL CUP, FLANGEDRIM. Rouletting on top surfaceof rim. Pls. 5, 66. Storage,Layers IIa and IIb-fragments of several P 11500. H. 0.052; D. 0.108. Fragmentary; similarbowls. restored. G 67. BOWL. PI. 5. Hard, gray clay; black glaze, faintly lustrous on P 11491. H. 0.064; D. 0.11. Fragmentary; interior. This shape, too, occurs in Pergamene ware, as restored. G 13-14. It is found in westernsigillata wares of the Rather soft, gray clay; dull, black glaze. Introd. periods(Oswald-Pryce, Shape as G 66. The bowl has warped slightly in Tiberianand Claudian G H G 8-9. pl. 75, XL). 180, Compare firing.
*G 68. BOWL, FLANGEDRIM.

*G 65. BOWL.

Pls. 5, 66.

P 9869. H. 0.044; D. 0.084. Almost complete; P 11515. H. 0.067; D. 0.124. Fragmentary; restored. center of floor missing; restored. Grayclay; dull, black glaze. Reddish buff clay; black glaze with faint metallic as G 74, but the base is conicaland there is Shape mottled red to black on exterior G luster, (cf. 63). a at the top of the rim. groove of a similar bowl. Storage, Layer IIb-fragments P 9628 (+ P 9989). H. 0.073; D. 0.213. FragmenP 11516. H. 0.055; D. 0.094. Fragmentary; tary; center of floormissing; restored. restored. Soft, brownishbuffclay; dull, orange-brown glaze. Fine, hard, brownishbuff clay; metallic, brownish On floor,five circularbands of rouletting. glaze (partial). P 11518. H. 0.092; D. rest. 0.197. Fragmentary; P 11501. H. 0.058; D. 0.122. Almost complete; restored. restored. Reddish buff to buff clay; red glaze (partial), Light, reddishbrownclay; slightly lustrous,black mottled to brownand black. glaze, mottled red in part on rim and exterior G 78. BOWL FRAGMENT. PI. 5. (cf. G 63). P 22082. P.H. 0.032; D. foot est. 0.10. Fragment Shapeas G28. Onthe base, graffito:lunate epsilon. of foot and floor. G 71. BELL-CUP, FLANGED RIM, STAMPED. P1. 5. Pinkish buff clay, with some mica; an almost P 9853. H. 0.045; D. 0.088. Fragmentary; imperceptible wash of dull, orange-brown glaze restored. (partial). Reddish clay with small grits; slightly lustrous, From a bowl probablysimilarto G 184; ring foot; reddish orange glaze, mottled black in part on rim circular depression(D. est. 0.07) at center of floor; and exterior (cf. G 63). around the depression,a spiral band of rouletting. Shapeas G 70 and G 28. At centerof floor,a stamp, Storage,Layer IIb-a fragmentof a similar bowl, impressedfrom a worn die and illegible. without rouletting.
G 70. BELL-CUP, FLANGED RIM, GRAFFITO. Pls. 5, 66. *G 69. BOWL, FLANGEDRIM. P1. 66.

Pls. 5, 66.

G 75. HEMISPHERICAL CUP, FLANGED RIM.

*G 76. HEMISPHERICAL BOWL.

Pls. 4, 66.

*G 77.

BOWL.

Pls. 4, 67.

80

THE ATHENIAN AGORA: POTTERY OF THE ROMAN PERIOD

P1. 4.

HANDLES. G 79. CuP, TWO

P 22088. H. 0.073; D. rest. 0.09. The complete profile is preserved in three fragments, without certaintraceof handles;restored(the verticalhandles based on P 21783, a brittle ware cup from Deposit R 10:1). Soft, orange-buff clay; dull, reddish glaze on exteriorand at rim on interior. JUG. Shallow body on ring foot; high rim, set off G 86. GLOBULAR P 11510. P.H. 0.074; D. lip est. 0.06. Handle and slightly from body; plain lip. A grooveat top of rim part of wall and rim preserved. on exterior. Rather soft, reddishbuff clay; dull, orange-brown Storage,Layer IIa-a fragmentof a similar cup. glaze. P1. 4. HANDLES. G 80. Cup, TWO As G 85, but smaller; six bands of rouletting on P 11503. H. 0.075; D. rest. 0.09. Fragmentary; shoulder. restored. JUG. P1. 5. G 87. GLOBULAR Hard, buff clay; reddishglaze (partial). vertical P 11506. P.H. 0.093; D. lip 0.105. The upperhalf Straight-sided cup on ring foot; two M 2. handles.Compare in fragmentary of the body preserved condition;most Storage,LayerIIa-fragments of two similarcups, of handle missing; partly restored. one with incision on the exteriorbelow the lip. This Hard, gray clay; black glaze. type of cup is presumably a late version of the Shapeas G85-86, but largerandwithoutrouletting Hellenistickantharos,as B 21. on shoulder.Compare also [M 37], M 67.
G 81. BICONICAL CUP, TWO HANDLES.

Globularbody on small ring foot; vertical rim marked by three horizontalgrooves on exterior. A horizontal band of rouletting on shoulder. Single, grooved handle, provided with lug (thumb-rest)at G 86, H 11. top. Compare Storage,Layer IIb-fragments of two jugs similar to G 85 and 86.

P1. 4.

P 11502. H. 0.088; D. 0.086. Fragmentary;both handlesmissing;restored. Hard, buff clay; dull, brownishglaze, irregularly applied. Biconical body on small ring foot; high, swelling rim with groove at top and bottom; two vertical handles. Storage,LayersIIa and IIb-fragments of several similarcups in both red and black glaze.
LIP. INVERTED G 82. PLATE, Pls. 67, 73.

PI. 5. *G 88. BICONICAL JUG. P 22097. H. 0.126; D. rest. 0.114. Handle and about two-thirds of body, including center of floor, missing; restored. Rather coarse,buff clay; dull, red glaze (excepton base). Shape as F 44. Storage,Layer IIa-fragments of two similarjugs (blackglaze and red glaze). JUG. *G 89. SPOUTED P1. 5.

P 22088. H. 0.045; D. rest. 0.185. Fragmentary; restored. Rather coarse,reddishbuff clay. F 36-40. Compare P1. 6. G 83. PLATE, INVERTED LIP. restored. P 22100.H. 0.045; D. 0.18. Fragmentary; Buff clay. As G 82; a broadgroove on top of lip.
G 84. PLATE, INVERTEDLIP. P1. 6.

P 11511. H. 0.15; D. rest. 0.117. Fragmentary; restored. Hard, gray-buffclay; black glaze (except on foot), mottled reddishbrownin part. Ovoid body on very low ring foot; narrowneck terminates in a projecting spout, open on top. Grooved handle. Groove along lip (top of spout) and two grooves around the under surface of the spout at its outer edge.
*G 90. TREFOIL LIP. P1. 5.

JUG, P 11485. H. 0.048; D. rest. 0.17. Fragmentary; handle H. 0.121; D. 0.081. Fragmentary, P 11522. restored. restored. missing; Rather soft, brownishbuff clay. Buff clay; red glaze (except on foot). As G 82-83. Piriform body on ring foot; narrow neck and Storage, Layers IIa and IIb-fragments of more bulbous mouth; everted, horizontal,trefoil lip. Two than ten plates similarto G 82-84; amongthose from on grooves shoulder,above b. a. h. Layer IIa are a few coveredwith black glaze. While the piriform body and trefoil lip are not P1. 5. uncommonin Hellenistic wares (as A 36, C 10), the G 85. GLOBULAR JUG. P 9843. H. 0.09; D. 0.099. Fragmentary;restored. bulbous mouth below the lip appears to be an Hard, pinkish buff clay; black to brown glaze innovation of Roman date. It should be noted also that, in general, early Roman trefoil lips display a (except on base).

GROUP G

81

Hard, buff clay with some grits; the lip and top of very wide frontal lobe and small side lobes, the two indentationsof the lip occurringclose to the handle the neck were probablyglazed as in G 98 and many other similarunguentaria. attachment. Shape as F 50 and G 98. P1. 5. G 91. JUG, ROUND MOUTH. P 22254.H. rest.0.162;D. rest.0.108.Fragmentary; most of handle, neck and lip missing; restored. Gray clay; black glaze (except on foot). Plump body on ring foot; the concave shoulder curves up into a wide, flaringneck which terminates in a plain lip, flat on top. The handleis restoredwith three vertical grooves on the analogy of P 10460 (Deposit B 13:2, 2nd century filling).
*G 92. JUG. P1. 5. G 98. BULBOUS UNGUENTARIUM. P1. 5.

P 22095. H. 0.146; D. rest. 0.081. Fragmentary, center of base missing; restored. Hard, reddish clay, fired gray at core; reddishto black glaze inside lip and on upperhalf of neck. Shape as F 50 and G 97; the lip, preservedin this specimen,is small and everted, flat on top. Storage,Layers IIa and IIb-fragments of many similarunguentaria. Storage, Layer IIb, miscellaneous glazed wares-fragments of three plates of buff clay and reddish glaze, shaped as G 19-20; parts of two bowls similar in shape to G 179 and G 185 of Layer III; part of an amphorasimilar to J 48, K 68 and L 3, but more nearly globularin shape.

P 11513. P.H. 0.143; D. 0.185. Body only preserved,in fragmentarycondition;partly restored. Fine, gray clay; black glaze. Globular body on wide ring foot. No traces preservedof neck or of handle attachment.
G 93. NECK FRAGMENT, JUG. P1. 5.

wall.

P 11486. P.H. 0.10; D. lip 0.049. Neck and handle COARSE HOUSEHOLD WARES only preserved. Pls. 6, 72. *[G 99]. BASIN. Hard, buff clay; dull, black to brownglaze. P 8487. Deposit Q 13:1 (Augustan). At the base of the neck, three grooves,the lowest H. 0.322; D. 0.55. Fragmentary;restored. with the at which the corresponding point separately Rather soft and coarse, buff to pinkish buff clay; turned body and neck were joined. Everted lip, flat on top. Groovedhandle. dull, black glaze inside and on top of rim. Deep, wide basin on heavy ring foot. Thick, G 94. BEAKER (?) FRAGMENT. P1. 63. everted lip; top of lip marked by two grooves with P 22078. P.H. 0.031; D. foot est. 0.08. Fragment an incised wave line between. of foot and of lower part of wall. Storage,Layer IIa-fragments of a basin (D. est. Buff clay, less carefully finished inside than out; 0.43) similar to P 8487. creamybuff slip on exterior to below the angle of the
*[G 100]. BASIN. Pls. 6, 72.

P 21753. Deposit R 10:1 (Augustan). Froma beakeror possiblya closedvessel; ring foot. H. 0.144; D. 0.24. Fragmentary;restored. H 3, M 4. Compare The fabric is similar to that of F 45. A neck Coarse,soft, darkbuff clay with grits; dull, brown fragment,possibly from a jug such as F 45, is among glaze (partial),much worn. the stored sherdsfrom Layer IIa of this Group. Deep bowlon ring foot; evertedrim with grooveon top. Horizontalhandles,roundin section, bent up at G 95. MINIATURE JAR, BASKET HANDLE. P1. 5. of rim. mid-pointto touch undersurface P 9842. H. 0.128; D. 0.065. Almost complete. and Storage,Layers IIa IIb-fragments of several basins similar to P 21753. Hard, pinkishbuff, micaceousclay. Elongated,piriformbody with flat base and plain, Storage, Layer IIa, basins-fragments of several flaringlip. Small, archedbasket handle. basinssimilarto F 62; they are of reddishbuff or buff G 96. UNGUENTARIUM. P1. 5. clay with dull, red to brownglaze on interior. P 22096. P.H. 0.093; H. rest. 0.167; D. 0.071. P1. 6. Neck and parts of body and foot missing; restored G 101. STAMNOS,PARTLYGLAZED. P 11487. P.H. 0.146; D. rest. 0.233. Fragments, on basis of F 49. one handle, of upper part of body; partly including Hard,brittle, brownishbuffclay, firedgray at core. restored. Shape as F 49. Yellowishbuff clay; dull, black glaze appliedin a *G 97. BULBOUS UNGUENTARIUM. PI. 5. band around the rim and another just below the P 9847. P.H. 0.105; H. rest. 0.111; D. 0.061. Top handle attachments; between these bands, large of neck missing; restored (the neck height is con- unconnectedspots of glaze. Two horizontalgrooves at level of handles. jectural).

82

THE ATHENIAN AGORA: POTTERY OF THE ROMAN PERIOD pl. XI,3). The bronze applique mask from the StroganoffCollectionis now in the Baker Collection, New York (Greek, Etruscanand RomanAntiquities, an Exhibitionfrom the Collection of WalterC. Baker New York, 1950, no. 48). The miniature ....., has bronzesitula fromMeroe,cited by Squarciapino, date to be of considered been Imperial early generally Abh.d. k. "Die alexandrinische Toreutik," (Schreiber, sachs. Gesellsch.d. Wiss., Leipzig, Phil.-hist. Cl., XIV, 5, 1894, pp. 433-435; Schafer, Agyptische Goldschmiedearbeiten, Berlin, 1910, p. 99), while the in Stiria (now in Vienna) was from Cilli example found with a coin of Claudius-these two dates accord well with that of Layer II of Group G. Further,the three bronzesitulae fromMehrum(near Duisburg,on the Rhine), of shape similarto but not identical with that of G 102, were found in a tomb with fragmentsof terra sigillata stampedby Bassus/ Coelus(OF BASSI.CO)and by Canus(OFF.CANI), south Gaulish potters whose activity extends from the time of Tiberiusto the early years of Vespasian (Furtwangler, "Die Bronzeeimer von Mehrum," Jubildumdes Vereins Festschr.zum fiinfzig-jdhrigen im von Alterthumsfreunden Rheinlande, 1891, pp. 23-34, pls. II-III; for the dating of the potters, Oswald,Index of Potters'Stampson TerraSigillata, East Bridgford, Notts., 1931, s.v.v.). Numerous parallelsare to be found also at Pompeii (cf. Willers, Die Bronzeeimervon Hemmoor,Hannover, 1901, p. 116, fig. 45, nos. 2, 4, 5). There seems to be no reason to believe that any of the metal or clay situlaewith appliquemasksof the type seen in G 102 earlierthan the 1st centuryafter were manufactured Christ. Some two dozen clay situlae representedby fragmentsin the Agoracollectionwill be treatedmore fully in the secondvolume of this work. P 15319. Deposit N 17:2 (1st century). H. 0.13; D. 0.11. Fragmentary;restored. Buff, gritty clay; thin fabric; gray slip. The lower portion fired reddish buff on exterior as a result of stackingin the kiln. Plump body, constricted in lower portion to a flat base; high, flaringrim; sliced handle. Storage, Layer IIb-fragments of over a dozen jugs similar to P 15319. For a similar vessel from Siphnos, see B.S.A., XLIV, 1949, p. 72 ("Early no. 1), pl. 22, 23. Christian," P 10759. Deposit B 14:3 (second half of 1st century). H. 0.192; D. 0.128. Intact. Hard, gritty, reddishclay. Plump, ovoid body on low ring foot; almost horizontalshoulder. High neck with small, everted lip, horizontalon top. The neck is enlargedat front
[G 1041. JUG, TREFOIL MOUTH. MOUTH. [G 103]. JUG, ROUND

For the completeshape see P 4503 (P1.40), which comes from the contemporary Deposit F 11 1: graybuff clay; plump, ovoid body on ring foot; wide mouth with plain, low, vertical rim; two horizontal handles, round in section, tilted upward; two horizontal grooves at level of handles; bands of brown to black glaze at rim, below handle zone and above foot, with a wave pattern of glaze betweenthe J 4, J 40 and M 39-40. upper two bands. Compare Storage, Layers IIa and IIb-fragments of severalsuch stamnoi. P1.6. G 102. SITULA, BAIL HANDLE. P 9845. H. 0.365; D. 0.377. Part of rim and body, includingmost of handle, both loop handlesand one appliquemask missing;restored. Hard, reddishclay; fine, creamybuff slip. Deep body supportedon three lug feet; flat floor. The wall is sharply constrictedat the top, below a neatly turned, everted, overhanging rim; at two opposedpoints on the rim a small, flat, diametrically semicircular lug projectsout beyondthe peripheryof the rim; beneath each lug, attached to its undersurfaceand to the wall of the situla below,a moulded, applique mask of Dionysos. The god is represented with flowing beard and mustache, garland of ivy leaves and berries,a bunchof grapesat either side of the face; a fillet (mitra) crosses the foreheadbelow the garland,its trailing ends hanging down in front of the grapesat either side; the ears are not visible. Each of the two rim-lugsis surmounted by a vertical, of half of the rim, one the around top loop handle; and united with it, runs the handle proper,roundin section and made in imitation of the free-moving bail handle of the metal prototype of this situla; each end of the clay bail handle, where it passes through the vertical loop handle, may have been mouldedin the formof a duck'shead (as can be seen in other fragmentarysitulae of similar form in the Agoracollection:e.g., P 5313 and 19376,P1. 39). G 102 is a closeparallelin shapeand size to a situla of porphyry in the museum at Angers (Delbrueck, AntikePorphyrwerke, Berlin,1932,pp. 201-202,pl. 93) and to a fragmentary bronze situla from Ostia (Squarciapino,Boll. d'Arte,XXXIV, 1949, pp. 139 -144). To the other parallelscited by Squarciapino add: a bronzeappliquemask foundat Vindobona(in von Vienna: Radnoti, Die romische Bronzegefiipe Pannonien[Diss. Pannonicae,II,6], Budapest, 1938, p. 122, pl. XXX,4); a fragmentaryclay situla from Capua (C.V.A., Michigan, pl. XXXIX, 3); clay applique masks in the Greco-RomanMuseum in Alexandria(Inv. no. 6483), in the MuseumAntiker Kleinkunst, Munich (Inv. no. 1132 ), and possibly in Odessa (Derewitzky,Pavlowsky and Stern, Das Museum der k. OdessaerGesellschaft fiir Gesch. u. Odessa, 1897, Altertumskunde, Lief. I, Terracotten,

PIs. 7, 42.

P1. 7.

GROUP G

88

P1. 6. to accommodatethe forwardprojection of the large G 109. LID. frontal lobe of the trefoil mouth. Grooved handle. P 22089. H. 0.021; D. 0.051. Intact. A groove around neck below lip and another on Dark buff clay, self-slip. shoulder. Lid in form of a broad, shallow cone; large knob, Storage, Layer IIb-neck fragments of a jug flat on top. similarto P 10759. G 110. LID. P1. 6. H. D. 0.089. P 22090. restored. Fragmentary; 0.04; [G106]. JUG, ROUND MOUTH. P1. 6. Orange-buff clay, self-slip. P 15314. Deposit N17:2 (as [G 103]; 1st century). As G 109, but of more truly conicalform. H. 0.268; D. 0.212. Intact. Gritty, buff to pinkish buff clay; gray-buff slip. G 111. FLOWERPOT (?) FRAGMENT. P1.6. Plump, ovoid body on low ring foot; low neck with P 22092.Max. dim. 0.056. Singlefragmentof base. small, everted lip, round mouth. Grooved handle; Reddish buff clay, buff slip. the lip is deeply indented at t.a.h.; horizontalgroove From the slightly roundedbottom of an open pot; at b. a. h. Compare[J 42], which comes from the at the center, a hole, piercedbeforefiring (D. of hole upperlevel of the same deposit. approx. 0.024). Storage,LayerIIb-fragments of neck and handle Flat-bottomed flowerpots occur in the late of a jug similar to P 15314. Hellenistic planting of the garden around the Storage, Layer IIb-fragments of three round- Hephaisteion(Hesperia,VI, 1937, pp. 404-409). mouthedjugs as M 43. [G 106].
WATER JAR, BASKET HANDLE.

P1. 6. G 112.

COOKING WARES COOKING DISH.

P 11493.H. 0.041; D. 0.28. Fragmentary; restored. Coarse, gritty, brown to gray clay; traces of G 107. JAR FRAGMENT, ONE HANDLE. P1.7. burnishingon the floor. Pan with short, tubular handle which terminates P 11488.P.H. 0.115; D. lip 0.061. Neck,handleand in a flaringknob; the handle,groovedon the exterior, part of shoulderpreserved. is attached at the lip and is set at an angle following Fine, hard, pinkishclay; buff slip. the of line the wall. From a jar of the type of F 65-66 (q.v.).Thereis a For an earlier type of frying pan handle see F 79. deep groove on the neck just below the roundedlip; A similar handle is reported from Methymna on splayed handle with broad longitudinalgroove. Lesbos LII, 1932, p. 8, fig. 3,16). (J.H.S., Storage, Layer IIb-fragments of at least five other similarjars, as well as of a jar of related shape G 114. FRYING PAN. P1. 7. in micaceousfabric, coveredwith dull, reddishglaze P 11495. H. 0.035; D. 0.293. Fragmentary; (cf. P 15280, from the 2nd century level of Deposit restored. N 17:2). Clay as G 113, but the fabric is thinner; partly blackenedby fire on the exterior. P1.6. [G 108]. AMPHORA. Shape as G 113, but the lip is rounded. P 18877. Deposit S 21:1 (firsthalf of 1st century). H. rest. 0.363; D. rest. 0.13. Fragmentary, lip G 115.FRYING PAN. P1.7. restored restored on the an basis of P 11494. H. 0.046; D. 0.275. Almost complete; missing; (the lip uninventoriedfragmentfromLayer IIb of GroupG). restored. Soft, buff clay; self-slip. Clay as G 113; traces of burnishingon the floor. Slender, almost cylindrical body on ring foot; Shape as G 113-114. angularshoulderand narrow,taperingneck; grooved, G 116. COOKING POT. Pls. 7, 38, 72. flat handles. a of neck and P H. 11509. D. rest. 0.152. Storage, Layer IIb-fragments 0.165; lip Fragmentary, handle similarin shape and fabric to P 18877. base missing; restored.
3

P 10715. Deposit E 14:2 (lst century). H. 0.234; D. 0.187. Intact. Rather soft, dark buff clay with grits; buff slip. Ovoid body on low ring foot; very low neck with plain, everted lip; ridged handle. Contrast J 44, [J 45], M 44, M 88-89, M 198. Storage, Layer IIa-fragments of a jar similar to P 10715.

P1. 72.

P 11483.H. 0.063; D. 0.25. Fragmentary;restored. Gritty, reddish brown clay, blackenedby fire on exterior. F 78, G 191. Compare
G 113.
FRYING PAN.

PI. 72.

84

THE ATHENIAN AGORA: POTTERY OF THE ROMAN PERIOD Coarse, gritty, brownclay; thick fabric;the surface blackenedby fire inside and out. Conical lid with broad knob resembling an invertedring foot. Storage, Layer IIa-fragments of three similar lids, one of which has a solid knob.
G 122. LID. P1. 6.

Coarse,reddish buff clay; lower part of exterior blackenedby fire. As F 84. Single groove around body at level of horizontalhandle. Round-bottomed cooking pots as G 116 and F 80-8 were probably intended for use with a braziersuch as P 14122 (cf. G 123), with which G 116 is illustratedin Plate 38.

P 11508. H. 0.038; D. 0.122. Fragmentary; restored. PI. 7. POT. G 117. COOKING Coarse,reddishbuff clay. P 22085. P.H. 0.10; H. rest. 0.118; D. rest. 0.125. lid with roughlyfinishedknob,flat on top. Conical Fragmentary;bottom and most of handle missing; Storage,LayersIIa and IIb-fragments of several restored(the base on the analogy of P 16089). similar lids. Coarse, brittle,reddishclay, firedblackon exterior; thin fabric. Storage, Layer IIb, cooking ware-fragments of a Globularbody on flat base, set off from the wall; flat cooking pan similar to F 77; fragments of the lip flaresout and is set off from the body by an cookingpots similarto G 193 and G 195. angular ridge. Single handle. Three horizontal grooveswithin the handle zone.
ETC. LARGE STORAGE VESSELS,
G 118. COOKING POT, RING FOOT. P1. 7. G 123. BRAZIER FRAGMENTS.

P 22086. P.H. 0.086; H. rest. 0.09; D. 0.098. Foot and part of body missing;restored(the foot restored on the basis of an analogousfragmentstoredwith the uninventoriedsherdsof Layer IIb). Fabric as G 117. Almost globular body on low ring foot; body constrictedsharplybelow the plain, everted rim; no handles.
G 119. JUG, ROUNDMOUTH. P1. 7.

P 22087. H. 0.152; D. 0.131. Fragmentary;most of handle missing; restored. Rather coarse, brittle, brownish buff clay, fired gray-blackon exterior;thin fabric. Plump body narrowingsharply at bottom to a small, flat base; plain, low, evertedrim. Singlerolled handle. The shape is similar to that of [G 103], but the fabric and handle are quite different.
*G 120. JUG, TREFOIL MOUTH.

P1. 7.

restored. P 11514.H. 0.19; D. 0.143. Fragmentary; clay. Coarse,reddishbrownto gray-brown Plump body with flat base; shoulder almost horizontal; high neck, widening toward the plain, trefoillip; groovedhandle; four groovesaroundneck at lip. The shape is similar to that of [G 104], but the fabricis different. Storage,Layer IIa-neck fragmentsof two similar jugs.
G 121. LID. P1. 7.

P 11496. H. 0.071; D. 0.224. Fragmentary; restored.

P 11492. Threenon-joiningfragments;max. dim. (a) 0.115, (b) 0.087, (c) 0.064. Coarse reddish (a, b) or brownish (c) clay; (a) coveredwith dull, black glaze inside and out, (b) and (c) not glazed. braziers. Fragmentsfromthe rimsof threedifferent On each fragmentis preserveda lug which served as supportfor a pot; one (a) is a rearlug, the other two are front lugs. On the exteriorof (b) traces of broad and very shallow grooves arrangedin a horizontal wave pattern. The nature of the braziersfrom which these lugs derive is illustrated by a more nearly complete specimen: P 14122 (Pl. 38). Deposit 0 17:1 (1st century) H. rest. 0.182; D. rim of pan 0.417; W. brazier proper across front 0.19. Several joining and nonof the joining fragmentspreserveabout one-quarter of the wall of two portions feet), pan (including the brazier proper (including the rear rim lug and vent hole and clear indicationsof the positions of the front vertical edges of the wall). Restored; the front rim lugs are based on G 123, the two side vent holes on P 12044; the height of the brazierwall is uncertainand has been restoredat 0.135 above the floorof the pan. Coarse,reddishclay. A largecircularpan with flat floorand low, flaring rim; supportedon four (?) low, tubularfeet (H. foot 0.025). The rim is thickened at the top, slightly everted and markedby a deep groove on the upper surface.About one-thirdof the floorspaceof the pan is occupied by the brazier proper, consisting of a vertical wall, approximatelysemicircularin plan,

GROUP G
with the open end towardthe center of the pan. This wall, at its central point, is contiguousto the outer edge of the pan floor; at that point the rim of the pan is bent inward to touch the brazier wall. The thickenedlip of the brazierwall is markedby three lugs; that at the back is horizontal,those at the two front ends are vertical. The wall is pierced by three vent holes, one at the back and one at either side. The purposeof the two types of lug on the brazier rim was to hold cooking pots firmly in position (see P1. 38, whereP 14122is illustratedsupportingG 116). The areaof the brazierproperwas used for laying the fire; ashes and coals could be rakedout into the open area of the pan floor, which might also be used on occasionas a supportfor pots which were to be kept warm. Numerousfragments of such braziersturn up in deposits of the 1st century after Christin the Agora excavations. The type is quite differentfrom that in use in the Hellenistic period (as D 76, E 150) and it seems not to have survived the 1st century, after which time one must assume that metal braziers became sufficiently inexpensive to serve the needs of almost all Athenianfamilies.For a Pompeianmetal brazier of somewhat similar though more elaborate character,see Naples Mus. Naz. 72986 (a replica of which is illustratedby Tarbell,Catalogue of Bronzes, etc., in Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, 1909, no. 101, p. 117, pl. LXVI); in this case the unit served both as brazierand as water heater.

85
P1. 6.

G 124. PITHOS LID FRAGMENT.

P 22091. D. est. 0.30. Small rim fragment. Very coarse,reddishbuff clay. From a lid similar to F 89, with traces preserved of one notch, a raisedlug and a pair of holes just to the inside of the lug. G 125. COOKING (?) UTENSIL. P1. 50. MC417. H. 0.035; D. 0.225. Almost complete. Coarse,reddishbuff clay; self-slip. A circular disk, flat on bottom; upper surface markedby three concentricridges (H. ca. 0.02), one at the outer edge, the other two with diametersof 0.141 and 0.042 respectively.No traces of any spout or handle. The purpose served by this object is uncertain. Possibly a supportfor hot cookingpots or fryingpans when removed from the brazier (?).
G 126.
AMPHORA FRAGMENT, DIPINTO.

PI. 58.

P 22093.Max.dim. 0.109. Singlefragmentof body. Coarse,buff clay with grits; creamybuff slip. Probably from the upper half of the body of a storage amphorasimilar to [M 54]. On exterior, an inscriptionin red paint: ]tlr[ and traces of another letter below. Storage, Layer II, amphorae-fragments of two amphoraeas F 94, from Layer IIa; from Layer IIb, parts of two amphoraeas G 197, of one as G 198, and of one as [M 54] and G 126.

OBJECTS OTHER THAN POTTERY

P1. 44. Shape as G 128. Rim: rinceaux and bunches of L 2932. L. 0.111; W. 0.066; H. 0.033. Almost grapes. The filling hole is large, with a heavy edge it; there is, properlyspeaking,no discus. surrounding complete. Brownishbuff clay; light brownglaze. Perlzweig. ornament and side, P1. 44. one of heart shape. Nozzle triangular.Base flat and *G 130. LAMP, SIGNED. L 2982. L. 0.102; W. 0.057; H. 0.027. Almost offset from body. Howland type 50 B (see Howland complete;restored. no. 674). Buff clay; dull, black glaze. As F 99-100. The base, offset from the body and *G128.LAMP, BASKET HANDLE. P1.44. concave on the undersurface,bears a signature in L 3204. L. rest. 0.117; W. 0.083; H. 0.035. Fragmen'ArroX IAcovfov. Howland no. 735, type 52 E. relief, tary; handle missing; partly restored. Pinkish buff clay; black to brownishglaze. *G131.LAMP, SIGNED. As G 127, with additionof a high flaringedge (not L 2983. L. 0.099; W. 0.058; H. 0.032. Fragmenmade in the mould) all around the rim; the edging restored. tary; continuesaroundthe nozzle, but is flushwith the top Buff clay; dull, red to black glaze. of it. Basket handle, archingover the small, concave As G 130. On the base, incised in the clay before discus (cf. H 22). Howlandno. 674, type 50 B. firing, the letters pi alpha (the formermuch smaller than the latter). Howlandno. 727, type 52 E. *G 129. LAMP. P1.44. L 2931. L. rest. 0.127; W. 0.08; H. 0.035. Handle *G 132. LAMP. P1. 44. missing; restored. L 2962. P.L. 0.087; W. 0.066; H. 0.037. Handle, Soft, micaceous,buff clay; dull, reddishglaze. nozzle and much of body missing.
3*

*G 127. LAMP.

Rim: on either

one shield-like

THE ATHENIAN AGORA: POTTERY OF THE ROMAN PERIOD Buff clay; dull, black glaze, fired brownto red on *G 138. LAMP, SIGNED. P1. 44. underside. L 2978. L. rest. 0.114; W. rest. 0.064; H. rest.0.032. Rim: imbricatepatternand four schematicleaves Handle, tip of nozzle and part of body missing; in crossarrangement, the points downward. Howland restored. no. 803, type 56 variants. Buff clay; dull, brownishblack glaze. Rim: wreath of leaves and flowers. On base, P1. 44. G 133. LAMP, SIGNED. within raisedridge,the letter alphain relief.Howland L 2971. L. rest. 0.097; W. 0.056; H. 0.033. Handle no. 781, type 54 D. missing; restored. P1. 44. Buff clay; dull, brownishblack glaze, much worn. G 139. LAMP, SIGNED. Rim: pattern of alternating broad and narrow L 4884.L. rest. 0.117; W. 0.065; H. 0.08. Fragmenradiateridges.Discus smalland plain, surrounded by tary, handlemissing; restored. a raisedridge. Nozzleround.On the concavebase, in Reddish buff clay; reddishglaze. 53. the letter no. Howland 761, type relief, alpha. Plain, narrow rim. Wide, flat discus with raised which at front extends out to enclose the P1. 44. edge *G 134. LAMP, SIGNED. roundednozzle. On the flat base, the letter alpha in L 2933. P.L. 0.106; W. 0.061; H. 0.029. Handle relief.Howlandno. 826.
missing.

Buff to grayish clay; dull, reddish brown glaze, much blackenedaround nozzle and discus. Ratherflat body; wide discussurrounded by raised edge. On the narrowrim, imbricatepattern. Nozzle triangular.On the flat base, signaturein relief, the letters retrograde, laio Ivov. Howland no. 665, Toap type 49 B. Thoughnot of the gray clay and blackglaze typical of Ephesoslamps (Broneer's type XIX), G 134 has a shape not inconsistentwith that type; the signature occurs also on another Agora lamp of T7apavi6vou Howland'stype 49 A whichis of gray clay with gray glaze (L 4027, Howlandno. 664).

P1. 44. G 140. LAMP. L 4883. L. rest. 0.115; W. rest. 0.065; H. 0.032. Fragmentary;restored. Reddish clay; darkreddishbrownglaze. Plain, narrow rim; flat discus surroundedby a raised edge which is connectedby a ridge to the flat top surface of the triangular nozzle. Base plain. G 220. Howlandno. 577, type 44 D. Compare G 141. LAMP, SIGNED. P1. 44.

L 2973. L. 0.109; W. rest. 0.068; H. 0.032. restored. Fragmentary; Dark buff clay; dull, grayishblack glaze. Rim plain, except for a degenerate lug (not P1. 44. G 135. LAMP. by pierced)at right side. Discus flat and surrounded L 2972. P.L. 0.076; W. 0.062; H. 0.03. Nozzle, a raisedridge; similarridgeson the top of the nozzle handle and part of body missing. form a channel leading to the wick-hole. On base, Light, reddishbuff clay; dull, reddishbrownglaze. within raisedring, the letter alphain relief.Perlzweig. Rim: wreath.Discusflat and surrounded by raised PI. 44. *G 142. LAMP FRAGMENT. D. 54 Howland Base flat. no. 783, type edge. L 2979. P.L. 0.068. Nozzle only preserved. G 136. LAMP, SIGNED. P1. 44. Grayclay; dull, gray glaze. L 2970.L. 0.113; W. rest. 0.069; H. 0.03. Fragmennozzle; the shankconnectingthe nozzle Triangular restored. the is to rim marked tary; by grooveson top and by three black stamped palmettes adjacent to the rim. Howland Reddishclay with white grits; dull, brownish no. 661, type 49 A. glaze. Rim: band of large rosettes alternatingwith pairs P1. 44. of rays; above, a band of smaller rosettes. Discus G 143. LAMP, SIGNED. L 2976. L. rest. 0.103; W. 0.066; H. 0.038. Handle by raisededge.Nozzletriangular. plainandsurrounded On the base, encircledby a raised ring, the letter and end of nozzlemissing;restored. Buff clay; red to black glaze. alpha in relief. Howlandno. 808, type 58 B. with Plumpbody and roundedrim, both decorated P1.44. fine, close-set dots in relief; discus concave and set G 137. LAMP, SIGNED. L 2969. P.L. 0.082; W. est. 0.063; H. 0.031. off from rim by a ridge. Nozzle round, with relief volutes between wick-holeand rim. On base, within Nozzle, handle and part of body missing. Buff clay; dull, brownishblack glaze. raisedring,the letteralphain relief.Perlzweig. Rim: rosettesalternatingwith pairedrowsof dots; P1. 44. similar rosettes on lower body, at base of nozzle. G 144. LAMP, SIGNED. L 2967.L. rest.0.101;W. 0.069;H. 0.043.FragmenTracesof a signaturein relief on the base. Howland no. 809, type 58 B. tary, handlemissing; restored.

GROUP G
Reddish clay; dull, black glaze. As G 143, but the body is deeperthan usual as a resultof careless halves joiningof the two mouldmade of the lamp. The relief dots are widely spaced. On base, within raised ring, the letter alpha in relief. Perlzweig.

37

G 145.LAMP,

SIGNED.

P1.44.

L 2968. L. rest. 0.103; W. 0.065; H. 0.04. Handle missing; restored. Reddish clay; dull, black glaze. As G 143-144. On base, within raised ring, alpha in relief. Perlzweig.

G 146.LAMP, MINIATURE.

P1.44.

L 4882. P.L. 0.042; H. 0.024. Handle, nozzle and most of base missing. *G 150. LAMP. P1. 44. Reddish clay; dull, red glaze. L 2980. L. 0.14; W. 0.09; H. 0.086. Fragmentary; Shape as G 143-145, but much smaller.Perlzweig. restored. Buff clay; brownto reddishbrownglaze. G 147. LAMP. P1. 44. Deep body; wide, concave discus adornedwith a L 2977. P.L. 0.094; W. 0.071; H. 0.035. Part of six-leaved rosette in relief. No true rim. Triangular handle missing. nozzlewith rudimentary flukes.Verticalstraphandle, Soft, buff, micaceousclay; dull, orange-redglaze. not made in the mould. Flat base marked by one The flat rim slopes slightly to exterior and is circulargroove. Perlzweig. decorated -with relief dots; body plain. Nozzle P1. 44. rounded and set deep into rim, without volutes. G 151. LAMP. Base plain. L 4879. L. rest. 0.088; W. rest. 0.065; H. 0.027. The rim decorationand the handleresemblethose About one-third of body and a non-joiningnozzle of Broneer's type XX (as G 143-145); the lack of fragmentpreserved;restored. decoration on the body and the shape of the rim, Pale yellowishbuff clay; brownishglaze. Discus: figuredscene of which there remain only however, suggest that this lamp is a precursorof Broneer's type XXVIII lamps (as M 283-284; two paws and the tip of the muzzle of an animal (?) cf. L 14). Perlzweig. to r. On the base, a raised circularband. No handle. Perlzweig. G 148. LAMP. PI. 47. *G152.LAMP, SIGNED. P1.44. L 2974. L. 0.185; W. rest. 0.085; H. rest. (incl. L 2981. P.L. 0.075; H. 0.028. Small fragment of 0.07. Part of discus and body missing; handle-guard) base and with a trace of discus. body, partly restored. Buff reddish brownglaze. clay; Buff clay; light reddish brown glaze with faint as so far G as preserved, 150, Shape includingtraces metallic luster. of attachment for vertical handle. On the flat base, The flat discus is heart-shapedwithin an ovoid the letter in relief. alpha Perlzweig. rim. Triangular,fluked nozzle. Leaf-shapedhandleguard (separately moulded and hollow) rises ob- G 153. LAMP. P1. 44. liquely from the rim; beneath the guard, a vertical L 4878. P.L. 0.091; P.H. 0.023. Part of discus, lug handle, pierced for finger grasp (cf. Walters, wall and base nozzle, preserved. Lamps,pl. XIII, 419 and 426). Part of base preserved, Buff dark brown clay; glaze with metallic luster. with a small pelta in relief. Perlzweig. Plain, narrow rim set off by a groove from the concave discus, on which there appearsin relief an G 149. LAMP, SIGNED. P1.47. erotic symplegma. Nozzle pointed and set off from L 2966. L. handle-guard0.12; H. body 0.052. rim volutes. by Perlzweig. Several joining and non-joiningfragments preserve the full height of the body, part of the base, two *G 154. LAMP. P1.44. nozzles and much of the handle-guard; L 2930. L. 0.094; W. 0.067; H. 0.025. Intact. handle-guard Reddish buff clay; brownishglaze (partial) with partly restored. Gray clay; dull, gray-blackglaze. slight metallic luster.

Deep body; narrow,flat rim set off from discus by a groove; only a trace of the discus is preserved,but it was probablyornamentedwith a relief rosette (as Broneer, Lamps, no. 383, pl. VIII, and Agora L 4150). Two rounded nozzles set off from rim by largevolutes; alongthe shaft of the nozzle,a caduceus in relief as on the two parallelscited above (cf. the nozzle ornamentof the Ephesos lamps, as Broneer, Lamps, p. 68, fig. 30; also Agora L 382, Howland no. 657, type 49 A, which is similarly marked with the caduceus).A large handle-guardin the form of five serrate leaves, bound together, rises obliquely from the rim. Base flat, with groove near edge and tracesof a signaturein relief (alpha,repeatedtwice?). Compare Pnyx, 1, pp. 62-64, lamps nos. 119ff. Perlzweig.

38

THE ATHENIAN AGORA: POTTERY OF THE ROMAN PERIOD

Pergamon,Corinth,Athens, Puteoli and elsewhere.7 By the kind permission of Mr. D. C. Baramki, Curatorof the American University Museum, the Beirut specimen is illustrated on Plate 43 and is describedbelow: Mus. Inv. 718. From Cyrene. L. overall 0.187; P1.44. G 165. LAMP. L 2965. P.L. 0.104; W. rest. 0.072; H. rest. 0.026. H. 0.174. Th. basis 0.06. Finial (lamp?) of right-hand vertical membermissing. Fragmentary;restored. Dark buff clay with grits; dull, reddish brown brown fired reddish at Hard, brittle, clay, gray glaze. with metallic brownish luster. core; glaze, A rectangular, hollow basis, without bottom, Shapeas G 154. On the discus,in relief, a rosette. supports three vertical members. The front of the No handle.Perlzweig. basis is adornedwith three femaleheads in relief, the heads connected by wreaths looped from their P1. 44. G 166. LAMP. crowns.The top surfaceof the basis is not solid but L 4880. P.L. 0.10; W. 0.099. Base, handleand part is pierceddirectlyundereachof the verticalmembers. of discus and nozzle missing. The three vertical elements, from left to right, are: Dark buff clay; dull, brownishblackglaze. a hollowpedestalterminatingin a shallowincense1) Narrow,plain rim set off by a single groove from and decoratedon the front by a figurein relief, cup the deep, concave, undecorated discus; a channel apparently Dionysos as Herakles, with wreath and throughthe rim connectsthe nozzle with the discus. fillets, the lion's skin and carryinga club in wearing Tripartitelug at rim on either side. Traceof attach- the left hand, an uncertain object in the right hand; ment of a vertical handle, not made in the mould. 2) a pine cone; 3) a hollowpedestalonce surmounted Perlzweig. moulded object(lamp?)and decorated by a separately on the front by a figurein relief,wingedEros wearing P1.44. a lion's skin over his G 167. LAMP. back, the paws knotted in front L 2975. P.L. 0.093; W. 0.083; H. 0.028. Handle of his neck. and part of discusand base missing. Soft, micaceous,buff clay; surfaceworn,no trace Storage,Layer II, lamps-Among the uninventoried of glaze remains. lamp fragmentsfrom Layer IIa are specimensof the As G 166; roundednozzle.Perlzweig. following Broneer types: XVIII (6 examples; cf. G 127-132), XX (a few fragments; cf. G 143-146), P1.44. XXIV (cf. G 157-168),XXV, XXVII (1 dubious G 158. LAMP. L 4881.P.L. 0.055;P.W.0.058;H. 0.024.Handle, fragment).FromLayerIIb the followingarerecorded: XX (25-30 examples),XVIII, XIX (cf. G 134-141), nozzle and most of body missing. Brownishclay; brownishglaze with faint metallic XXI (cf. G 148-149), XXIV, XXV, XXVII (2 handle luster. fragments).Also fromLayer II, a discusfragmentof As G 166-167, but without channelfromnozzle to a type XXIV lamp decorated with a figure of discus. Bipartitelugs at rim on either side. Tracesof Herakles standing to left (formerlyinventoried as attachmentof verticalhandle (madein the mould?). part of G 200; now separatedand reinventoriedas L 4877a; not illustratedhere). Perlzweig.

Plain, narrowrim set off by two groovesfrom the discus; the subject of the relief ornament on the discus is uncertain.Nozzle roundedand set off from rim by volutes. Base plain. No handle. Perlzweig.

G 169.

THYMIATERION FRAGMENTS.

L 4885. P.H. largestunit 0.115. Numerousjoining and non-joiningfragmentsof a mouldmade lamp and incense-burner. Brownishclay; reddishbrownglaze with metallic luster. fragmentswe have: figureof Amongthe preserved Eros (right side only, from shoulderto toe) standing on the rectangular hollow basis of the thymiaterion; a plain, flat fragment from the side or rear of the basis; a lampnozzle;three bits of a plastic pine cone. The object represented by these pieces was probably a lamp and incense-burner to combined,comparable well preserved in Beirut Herculaneum and specimens (from Cyrene)and to other pieces from Alexandria,

7 Mackay, A Guide to the ArchaeologicalCollectionsin the University Museum, American University of Beirut, Beirut, 1951, no. 718, p. 72, pl. VI, 10; Alexandria, pl. XXXIX, 1 and 3, p. 213; Adriani, Annuaire du Musee Grgco-romain, 1935-1939, Alexandria, 1940, pl. XLV, 1 and 3, p. 116; Wigand, "Thymiateria," Bonn. Jahrb., CXXII, 1912, p. 91; Walters, Lamps, nos. 1408-1409; lamp (Inv. 1398) exhibited in a case in the Casa dell'atrio a mosaico at Herculaneum (Barre and Roux, Herculanumet Pompei, Paris, 1840, pl. 38). I am informed by Mr. Reynold Higgins that there are in the British Museum fragments of similar thymiateria deriving from Newton's excavations at Knidos (including Inv. 59/12-26/536 and 59/12-26/547). Miss ClairBve Grandjouan has kindly provided the following additional parallels: fragment from Corinth (Inv. MF 5106); fragment in the Loukas Benachi collection, Alexandria; fragment from the Kerameikos excavations (Inv. 487); a closely related piece des k. Museums zu Berlin, published by Panofka, Terracotten Berlin, 1842, pl. XXV, a.

GROUP G
It is worthy of note that while lamps of Broneer's type XX are abundantin Layer IIb, only a few small fragmentsof them occur in the uppermostlevels of Layer IIa; on the other hand, types XXIV and XXV occur in IIa as well as in IIb. It is likely that the introductionof the type XX lamp is to be dated late while in the first half of the 1st century after Christ,8 types XXIV and XXV may have precededXX by as much as twenty-five or thirty years. The absence of type XX lampsin LayerIII of GroupG is apparently fortuitous,for lamps of this type do occurin Groups H and J (H 21-22, J 59-60); the type seems not to have survivedthe 2nd century (nonein GroupK).

39

Coarse,reddishbuff clay with grits. Each weight is discoid, flat on back, convex on front, piercedwith two holes for suspension. For this type of loomweight,see: Pnyx, I, p. 79; Davidson,MinorObjects, pp. 162-168. Becauseof the introduction of the horizontal loom, loomweights were probably not employed after the 1st century after Christ (Pnyx, I, pp. 70-71).
*G 163. BONEOBJECT. P1. 56.

BI 374. L. 0.095; W. 0.005. Intact, but the pointed end appears to have been broken in antiquity and resharpened. A slender,pin-likeimplement,pointed at one end, *G 160. FAIENCE9PLATTER(?) FRAGMENT. Pls. 5, 62. roundedat the other; at the broad,roundedend, one face is hollowedout. A 806. P.L. 0.062; P.H. 0.046. on Compare M 26 and Davidson, Minor Objects, Grayish, gritty fabric; dull, yellow coloring surface overall (probably the remains of a vitreous nos. 1328-1330, where this type of implement is called an unguent spoon. glaze damagedduringburialor cleaning). Small fragment from an object which was preP1. 56. sumably rectangular; the original straight edge is *G 164. BONE OBJECT. a reveals The at one shallow, BI 424. Max. dim. 0.026; Th. 0.008. Intact, except point. profile preserved flat-floored platter (?) on low ridge foot; flaringrim, for the lid, which was made in a separate piece. The bottom surface (shownin P1. 56; top surface grooved on the interior. CompareM 35. not illustrated) is flat, with a broad bevel to the P1. 50. roundededges; throughthe flat centralsection three *G 161. TERRACOTTA COLUMN SECTION. A 807. D. est. 0.32; Th. 0.063. About one half small holes are pierced.The top surfacehas a narrow elevated rim around the rounded edges; the rim is missing. cut transversely by grooves at four points and is Coarse,reddishbuff clay with grits. A thick disk piercedat centerby a hole (D. of hole pierced by a hole, from either side, adjacent to the 0.038). The top and bottom surfaces marked by straight edge. These holes served to hold a pin for a irregularlyspaced depressionsmade by the pressure hinged lid, now missing; the holes through the base of the potter's fingers. Tracesof mortar on the edge may have served for bone tenons which held the and in some of the depressions.CompareJ 7. object to anothersurface. II-III The purpose served by this object is uncertain. above, Storage,Layers p. 23)-fragment (see of a similarcolumnsection. For similar pieces from Corinth and Delos, see This may representa tile for use in the hypocaust Davidson, Minor Objects,nos. 1400-1401, pl. 84; chamber of a bath. For other similar tiles, see: Deonna, ExplorationarchMologique de Delos, XVIII, Crowfootet al., The Buildings at Samaria, London, Le mobilier Delien, Paris, 1938, p. 239, pl. LXXVII, 1942, p. 134 (3rd century tiles-D. 0.17; Th. 0.055); 637, 1-4. Of the specimensknownto me G 164 is the The Excavations at Dura-Europos, Preliminary only one which can be accurately dated. It is not however,that similarobjects were made Reportof Sixth Season of Work, New Haven, 1936, improbable, 99 0.24-0.26 and tiles-D. and later times, perhapseven as late at earlier both 87, 93, pp. (3rd century as the Byzantine period, to which the Corinth 0.30-0.34; Th. 0.04-0.05). examples have been tentatively assigned.
*G 162. DISCOID TERRACOTTA LOOMWEIGHTS. P1. 50.

MC418-425. Eight weights: six intact or slightly G 165. MARBLE REVETMENT FRAGMENT, GRAFFITO. P1.52. chipped,two brokenand incomplete.D. 0.091-0.101; Th. 0.021-0.028. Only one weight is illustrated on S 894. P.L. 0.179; P.W. 0.046; Th. 0.029. Two Plate 50 (MIC 418). joining fragments from the rounded edge of a revetment slab; an original straight edge, at right 8 Broneer considered type XX to belong chiefly to the angles to the roundedone, may be preservedat the Augustan period (Broneer, Lamps, pp. 71-73). Miss Judith lowerend of the fragment(i.e., towardthe feet of the Perlzweig considers that this type of lamp does not make its incised Herm). appearance until just after the middle of the 1st century. Pentelic marble. 9 In spite of recent strictures against the use of the term Incised on the surface, a crude representationof "faience" (Charleston, Rom. Pot., pp. 27-29), it seems a Herm. to the more cumbersome frit ware." preferable "glazed quartz

40

THE ATHENIAN AGORA: POTTERY OF THE ROMAN PERIOD LAYERIII (LATE1STTOEARLY2NDCENTURY)

Storage,LayerIII, Samianware-fragments of three as G of two cups as G 28; and of three ware-a rim fragment plates one 25-27; Storage,LayerIII, Pergamene apparentlyshapedas G 174, two as G 176. as G 11; fragments of two hemisphericalcups (cf. plates, ware F 6-11, G 1); a smallpieceof mottledPergamene H WESTERN SIGILLATA WARES which see (for 1). Storage,Layer III, Arretineware-a plate fragment as G 34; a rim fragmentas G 36 (but the rim height SAMIAN WARE is 0.032).
PERGAMENE WARE

G 166. SAMIAN B PLATE FRAGMENT, STAMPED.

P 22058. Max. dim. 0.069. Small fragment of OTHER FINE EARLY ROMAN FABRICS floor,without trace of foot or wall. G 172. MOULDEDPLATE,RIM FRAGMENT. P1S. 5, 63. Clay and glaze as G 16. On the floor,a circularband of roulettingbetween P 10170. Max. dim. 0.058. Small fragmentof rim. grooves;at center,tracesof an illegiblepotter'sstamp, Pinkish red clay; mottled, red to yellowish red probablyplantaform. glaze, dull and worn. From the broad,horizontalrim of a plate. On top, P1. 61. G 167. SAMIANA PLATE. figuresin relief: at center,a tree; at r., panther(?) r. P 22057. P.H. 0.014; D. rim est. 0.096. Part of attacking another animal from rear; at 1., vase (?) floorand wall, with a trace of the rim; centerof floor against which leans a garlanded thyrsos (?). The nature of the relief decorationand of the surfaceof missing. as and 19. G the clay indicates that this plate was thrown in a Clay glaze From a small plate as G 19. Rouletting on lower mould. Thereis no trace of relief on the interior,so far as preserved. edge of rim; two concentricgrooveson floor. For metal parallels to this type of plate, see: G 168. GRAY SAMIAN A PLATE FRAGMENT, STAMPED. Babelon, Le trisord'argenterie de Berthouville, Paris, P1.57. 1916, pp. 117-118, pl. XX; Walters,Catalogue of the P 11480. P.H. 0.011; D. base est. 0.12. About Silver Plate in the British Museum, London, 1921, one-thirdof floor,with the start of the wall,preserved. no. 137, pp. 35-36, pls. XX-XXI (patera from Grayclay with some mica; dull, black glaze. Caubiac); Drexel, Bonn. Jahrb., CXVIII, 1909, The shape, so far as preserved,resemblesthat of pp. 182ff., nos. 12 and 34, pls. VIII,1 and IX,2. For G 213. At center of floor, a device-stamp:rosette. parallelsin clay, see Walters,Rom. Pot., M 108-111, ornes de la pl. XIV; Dechelette, Vases ceramiques G 169. SAMIANA BOWLFRAGMENT. P1. 61. Gauleromaine, Paris, 1904,I, p. 229, fig. 136, pl. V,71, P 22056. D. rim est. 0.21. Rim fragment. also II, pp. 316-321, pl. VII,5-8; Drexel, op. cit., Clay and glaze as G 19. pp. 182ff., nos. 41-44, 64, 71, pl. IX,4-5; DragenRouletting on the vertical surface of the lip; a dorff, T.S., pl. VI,78-79 (not referredto in text, but cf. Drexel,op. cit., no. 43). groove on the exterior,below the rim. Storage, Layer III, gray ware-rim fragments of at least three large platters (cf. G 46); fragmentsof P 22059.Max. dim. 0.059. Floor fragmentwithout smaller plates with flat floor and low ring foot; ring trace of foot or wall. a of foot closedvessel. Clayand glaze as G 19. At center of floor, partly preserved, a devicestamp: dot-rosette. MISOELLANEOUS GLAZED AND NON-GLAZED WARES
G 170.
SAMIAN A PLATE FRAGMENT, STAMPED.

P1. 57.

P1. 62. G 173. PLATE. G 171. SAMIANA JUG (?) FRAGMENT. P1. 67. P 22063. H. 0.04; D. rest. 0.20. Fragmentary; P 22060. Max. dim. 0.063; D. foot est. 0.11. centerof floormissing; restored. Fragmentof foot, base and lower wall. Reddishclay with grits; metallic,blackto greenish Soft, buff clay with some mica; reddishglaze on exterioronly. blackglaze,firedred on exteriorof lip. Clayand glaze From a closed vessel on low ring foot; the body similar to those of G 63 and the pieces there cited. possiblyglobular. Shapeas G 25. Closed vessels are extremely uncommon in the Storage, Layer III-fragments of at least three Samianfabric;no completespecimenis knownto me. similarplatesof buffclay, with reddishto blackglaze.

GROUP G
G 174. PLATE. P1. 67.

41

P 22062. H. 0.03; D. est. 0.17. Fragmentary, center of floormissing. Hard, reddish clay; firm, reddish glaze; doubledippingstreak. Similarto G 173, but with overhangingrim. The occurrenceof the double-dippingstreak is nor unusual,for this plate is clearlynot of Pergamene of Samianmanufacture;yet it is in those two wares alone that this method of glazing open vessels was regularlypractised.

terminating in plain lip. On exterior of rim, two grooves just below lip and two bands of rouletting.
Originally had ring foot as P 17143 (Deposit B 20:1, lower part of use filling-P1. 7).
G 180. HEMISPHERICAL CUP, FLANGED RIM.
PI. 7.

P 11469. H. 0.056; D. 0.118. About one-half

preserved. Light reddish clay; dull, reddish glaze (partial).

Shapeas G 74-75,H 8-9.

Storage,Layer III-fragments of about six similar

cups.

Pls. 67, 78. G 175. PLATE. G 181. PLATE, EVERTEDLIP. P1.67. P 22061. H. 0.046; D. est. 0.20. Fragmentary, P 11465. H. 0.044; D. rest. 0.198. Fragmentary; center of floormissing. restored. Hard, reddish, micaceous clay; red glaze, much Rather coarse,orange-red clay. worn, fired black on exterior of rim. Comparethe For the shape, compareF 41-43, G 82-84 (which shape of G 19-20, G 167, H 4-5, J 28. latter have inverted lips). Storage, Layer III-fragments of several similar Storage, Layer III-fragments of at least five plates. plates similarto G 181. P1.67. G 182. GLOBULAR JUG. G 176. PLATE. P1.7. P 11473. H. 0.063; D. 0.292. Almost complete; P 9697. H. 0.093; D. 0.097. Intact. restored. Rather coarse, gray-black clay; black glaze Rather soft, orange-buff, micaceous clay; dull, (partial)with faint metallic luster. orange-red glaze (partial). Globular body on small, flat base. Plain, low, This shape is a development from the Samian flaringlip, set off from wall by a sharp ridge. Sl'ced shape G 25-26 and the local imitations G 173-174; handle. comparealso J 32. PI. 42. G183. GLOBULARJUG. G 177. PLATE. P 9694. H. 0.093; D. 0.098. Intact. P 11467. H. 0.061; D. 0.247. Fragmentary; Reddish clay; dull, red glaze (partial). restored. As G 182. Rather coarse, orange-buffclay; dull, red glaze Storage, Layer III, miscellaneousglazed and non(partial). As G 176, but the overhang of the rim is less glazed wares-fragments of two bowls as G 51 (but with higher rims and handles which project further pronounced. out from the rim); fragmentsof jugs as G 85, G 86 G 178. PLATEFRAGMENT, STAMPED. PI. 57. and G 88; a neck fragmentsimilarto G 93; fragment P 11464.Max.dim. 0.037. Small,flatfloorfragment, of a liqueur cup as G 215. without trace of foot or rim. Rather coarse,reddishclay; dull, red glaze inside. Tracesof two stamped palmettes, the tips toward HOUSEHOLD COARSE WARES the centerof the floor,and of two concentricgrooves. Pls. 7, 67. This tiny fragmentsuggests the local, late Roman G 184. BOWL,SEMI-GLA,ED. P 11461. H. 0.09; D. rest. 0.297. Fragmentary; stamped ware which occurs in deposits of the 4th and 5th centuries (cf. L 59-61, M 289); if of such restored. fabric, G 178 must certainly be an intrusionhere in Light reddishclay; dull, red glaze (partial). At the center of the floor, a shallow, circular a fill which containsno other fragmentswhich can be dated later than the 2nd century. depression (D. 0.06) surroundedby a ridge. Two horizontal handles, applied below the rim and G 179. HEMISPHERICAL BOWL, FLANGED RIM. PI. 7. pressedup at the center of against the undersurface P 11479. P.H. 0.075; D. est. 0.212. About one- the rim. third of rim and part of wall preserved. Compare G 78. P 9926, a similar bowl from Orange-buff,micaceous clay; orange-red glaze, Deposit M 19 :1, has a pattern of stamped diamonds much worn, fired dark brown over most of the impressedwithin the central depressionof the floor. interior. Storage, Layer III-fragments of several similar Hemispherical bowl with vertical, flanged rim, bowls (one with diameter est. 0.40).

42

THE ATHENIAN AGORA: POTTERY OF THE ROMAN PERIOD

Pls. 7, 67.
PAN. G 191. COOKING

G 185. BOWL,SEMI-GLAZED.

P1. 72.

P 11472. H. 0.058; D. 0.205. Fragmentary; P 11462. H. 0.042; D. 0.28. Almost complete; restored. restored. Reddish brownclay; dull, red glaze (partial). Coarse, reddish clay with grits; dull, red glaze inside. Both interior and exterior blackenedby fire. Two concentricgrooveson floor. No handles. F 78, G 112. Compare Storage, Layer III-fragments of several similar bowls.
POT. G 192. COOKING G 186. BOWL, SEMI-GLAZED. PI. 7.

P 11463.H. 0.095; D. 0.11. Fragmentary; restored. P 11470. H. 0.055; D. est. 0.20. Fragmentary; Rather coarse, orange-red clay, fired gray at restored. surface on exterior (except base) as a result of red reddish buff dull, glaze light Light clay; stackingin the kiln. Pot with almost flat bottom; wide mouth with (partial). As G 185. small, everted lip. Body wheel-ridged.Apparently without handles. PI. 7. G 187. BASIN. P 11475.H. 0.201; Max. dim. rim rest. 0.293; Min. G 193. COOKING P1. 7. POT. dim. rim rest. 0.285. Fragmentary;restored. P 11471. H. rest. 0.162; D. 0.212. Fragmentary, Light reddishclay; dull, red wash, much worn, on base missing;partly restored. interior;buff slip on exterior. Gritty, orange-buff clay, firedgray on exterior. Basin, oval in plan, with flat bottom and almost Plump, wheel-ridgedbody with wide mouth and vertical wall. Everted rim, flat on top. No handles. everted lip; two vertical,flat handles;the bottomwas rounded.The lid G 196 fits this pot and presumably MOUTH. G 188. JUG, TREFOIL P1. 7. to it. Compare J 55. P 11468. P.H. 0.188; D. 0.158. Lip, base, handle may belong Storage, Layer III-fragments of at least one and part of body missing; partly restored. similarpot. Rather coarse,reddishclay, fired gray at surface. Ovoid,wheel-ridged body; the base was probably G 194. COOKING POT. P1. 7. moulded,as [M 101]. P 11474. H. rest. 0.12; D. 0.225. Fragmentary, Storage, Layer III-fragments of several similar bottom missing;restored. jugs. Hard, reddish clay, fired gray on upper half of exterior. MOUTH. G 189. JUG, TREFOIL P1. 7. Angularwall, evertedlip; two vertical,flathandles. P 11466.H. 0.194; D. 0.125. Fragmentary,handle The bottom was presumablyroundedand has been missing; restored. so restored. J 57. Compare Orange-red clay; self-slip,which has fired buff on Storage, Layer III-fragments of at least three one vertical half of the body. cooking pots similarto G 194 and to G 195; one has a Wheel-ridgedbody on small ring foot. Small, of 0.14. diameter lip flaringlip and trefoilmouth. Ridgedhandle,attached behind lip and rising above it. Compare J 41, K 82, POT. P1. 7. G 195. COOKING L 9, M 42. P D. 0.192. H. rest. 11482. 0.088; Fragmentary, Storage, Layer III-fragments of three similar bottom missing;restored. jugs. Hard, reddishclay. Exteriorblackenedby fire. coarse household As G 194. The lid G 196 fits this pot as it does III, wares-fragStorage, Layer ments of two jugs as [G 103] and of two waterjars as G 193. F 65-66 and G 107.
G 196. LID. COOKING WARES P. 7.

P 11477. H. 0.048; D. rest. 0.173. Fragmentary; restored. Coarse,brownishred clay with grits. Pls. 7, 72. G 190. CASSEROLE. As G 122. This lid fits both G 193 and G 195 and P 11478. H. 0.08; D. 0.295. Almost complete; is shown with the latter in P1. 7. restored. Storage,Layer III-fragments of another similar Coarse,orange-red clay. lid. A flat-bottomedcasserole;lip flangedfor lid. Two horizontal, twist handles, pressed up at center to Storage, Layer III, cooking wares-frying pan F 77. handleas G 113-115; flat-bottomed touch the lip. Compare pans exhibitinga

GROUP G

48

The neck construction is similar to that of the great variety of sizes (D. 0.24-0.44) and rim shapes wall Coan type amphorae as F 93; the horned handles (obliquewall with plainor thickenedlip; rounded are like those of amphorae such as [M 54]. with thickenedor everted lip).
P1. 8. G 199. STORAGE AMPHORA FRAGMENT. P 11476. P.H. 0.133; D. lip 0.126. Shoulder,neck AMPHORA. P1. 8. and handles only. G 197. STORAGE P 11481. P.H. 0.60; D. 0.302. Fragmentary; Coarse,reddish clay; self-slip; traces of a white bottom missing; restored. slip on exterior. Rather fine, pink to buff clay. Wide, vertical neck with thickened lip; sloping from which the vertical wall is set off at a shoulder rounded with almost Wide, cylindrical body shoulderand very narrow,short neck; thickenedlip. sharp angle. Handles marked by deep, longitudinal The bottom was presumablyrounded,with a slight groove;the clay on eitherside of the grooveis pinched pointorprojectingknob at the center.Handlesarched, sharply together at the bend of the handle, creating an almost pointed termination. Horizontal grooves H 20, [K 112 ], M 102. oval in section. Compare This type of amphora, very common in the 1st on the shoulder. Parallels of later date may be seen in L 11 and and early 2nd centuries, occasionally bears a M 239. on one handle G stamp (cf. 218). similar of several Storage, Layer III-fragments amphorae;the clay varies from buff to pinkish buff, Storage,Layer III, large storagevessels-fragments yellowish buff and (in one instance) brick-red; of an amphoraof Coantype as F 93 (the body was generallythe fabricis finerand thinnerthan in other probably more slender than in the specimen of the 1st century B.C.); fragments of amphoraeas F 94, storageamphorae. [K 114], M 41 and M 47. Attention should be called Pls. 8, 42. also to one Thasian and three Knidian stamped G 198. STORAGE AMPHORA FRAGMENT. P 22064. P.H. 0.38; D. lip 0.163. Shoulder,neck amphora handles from Layer III (SS 7333, 7396, 7397 and 7406); all of these are consideredby Miss and handles preserved;partly restored. buff buff to VirginiaGraceto be earlierin date than 86 B.C. and clay; self-slip. pinkish Gritty, Concave shoulder set off from the neck; double for that reasonare not includedin this catalogue. rolled, hornedhandles; groove below lip.
LARGE STORAGE VESSELS

OBJECTS OTHER THAN POTTERY

Rim: ovule pattern with side panels. Discus: man half r., wearingtunic and high boots, carryinganother L 4877b. P.L. 0.111; P.W. 0.081; H. 0.033. on his 1. shoulder (Aeneas and Anchises?). person Fragmentary; nozzle and discus missing. on Buff clay; brownish glaze, fired black discus Perlzweig. and part of rim. PI. 44. From a lamp of Broneer'stype XXIV. Rim plain G 203. LAMP. L 3203. P.L. 0.079. Nozzle,part of discusand most and narrow,set off from discus by grooves. Handle of bottom missing; partly restored. mouldmade,pierced, grooved on top only. Trace of a signature(?) on base. Perlzweig. Gray-buff clay. Rim: small ovule pattern. Discus: rays. Handle P1. 44. pierced,grooved on top. Perlzweig. G 201. LAMP. L 4876. P.L. 0.07; P.W. 0.07; H. 0.03. FragmenP1. 44. tary; nozzle and much of body and discus missing. G 204. LAMP. L 3202.L. 0.102;W. rest.0.076;H. 0.028.FragmenBuff clay; purplish brown glaze with metallic luster. tary; base missing; restored. Buff clay. Rim plain and narrow. Discus: wreath. Handle Rim: elongated ovules. Discus plain. Handle on Base mouldmade, pierced,grooved top only. plain. pierced, grooved on top. Perlzweig. Perlzweig.
G 200. LAMP. PI. 44. G 205. TERRACOTTA ANTEFIX. P1.49. L 3201. Max. dim. 0.078. Two joining fragments A 805. P.H. 0.145; W. base 0.175. Brokenat top, of rim and discus. bottom and back; trace of bottom surfacepreserved. Pale, gray-buffclay. Coarse,red clay with grits; buff slip on front, G 202. LAMP.

44

THE ATHENIAN AGORA: POTTERY OF THE ROMAN PERIOD

The lower portion only preserved,showing neat, G 209. BONE IMPLEMENT. mouldmade pattern: volutes and the start of the BI 348. L. 0.082. Intact (larger end possibly center. At bottom, reworked). palmette, with diamond-shaped traces of a signature: 'A.T[o?acovi]ou. A pin-likeobject pointedat one end; the other end Compare G 206-207. A more complete specimenof the same is broadand bevelled. series (A 1312) is illustratedin Plate 49.
G 210. BONE IMPLEMENT.

G 206.

TERRACOTTA ANTEFIX.

P1.49.

A 804. H. 0.242; P.W. 0.177. Broken at bottom and back; trace of bottom surface preserved. Coarse,reddishclay with grits; buff slip. As G 205, but apparently not signed. A dull impression,but from the same series as G 205 and G 207.
ANTEFIX. G 207. TERRACOTTA

BI 358. L. 0.071. Intact. Short, pin-like object, broad at one end and taperingto a small, bevelled tip at the other. P1. 56. BI 346. P.L. 0.068; W. 0.019. Part of front (fish's brokenaway. mouth) and of undersurface Handlefor an iron knife, shapedin the formof the curved body of a fish. Incised lines indicate mouth,
HANDLE.

G 211. BONE

P1. 49.

(along A 803. P.H. 0.155; P.W. 0.125. Brokenat bottom eyes the belly of the fish) is deeply groovedfor a distance and back. of 0.025 from the front (fish's mouth); part of the Coarse,red clay with grits; buff slip. of the iron blade still remains in this groove. tang As G 205-206. P1. 53. G 212. IRON KNIFE. IMPLEMENT. P1.56. G 208. BONE IL 567. P.L. 0.228; Max. W. 0.03. Tip of tang and BI 347. P.L. 0.102. Broken at both ends. handle missing. A pin-like object with notched ornament at the Flat blade. The handle, presumablyof wood, was head; the shaft narrowstowardthe other (pointed?) held in place by two rivets, of which one is still end. preserved (L. 0.02; D. 0.005).

and dorsal and tail fins. The undersurface

LAYERS II-III (1ST TO EARLY 2ND CENTURY)10

GLAZED AND NON-GLAZEDWARES MISCELLANEOUS

below the lip. CompareJ 38 and the liqueur cups

with low-set handles, K 75 and L 56. This type of cup, very common in deposits of the 1st to the 3rd century, has been called, in excavation parlance, "coffee cup," because of its similarity in shape and size to the cups currently used in Greek

A PLATE. G 213. SAMIAN

P1. 61.

P 9626. H. 0.031; D. 0.173. Fragmentary,center of floor missing; restored.Clay and glaze as G 19; streak. double-dipping to M 32; comparealso G 168. similar Shape kaffeneia. It seems not impossible that they were employedin antiquityfor the aipalov and SEvrEpias MOUTH. G 214. JUG, ROUND P1. 7. which were from the must producedby boiling-down P 9629. H. rest. 0.08; D. 0.062. Lip and handle of the secondpressingand fromthe lees (Dioscurides, Mat. Med.,V, 15-16; Galen,VI, 579-581[ed. Kuhn]; missing;restored. Rather coarse, buff clay; dull, red glaze (partial). Oribasius,I, 356, 359-360 [ed. Bussemaker-DaremGlobular body with flat base; short neck with berg]; Pliny, Nat. Hist., XIV, 86); such liquorsmay have resembled in strength the ouzo and tsipouro plain, flaringlip; vertical handle. drunkby the Greekstoday.l1 CUP. P1. 7. G 215. LIQUEUR P1.67. P 11523. H. 0.034; D. 0.054. Fragmentary; G 216. SHALLOW BOWL. P 11524. H. 0.039; D. rest. 0.092. Fragmentary; restored. restored. Rather coarse,dark buff clay. Rather coarse,buff clay. Small cup with flat bottom and rounded sides; with F 53-54, G 60, Thisshapeshouldbe compared in round flattened Small handle, section, plain lip. and piercedat outer end, risingat an angle fromjust [M 66].
11Dioscurides adds to his recipe for sEvrEpias some salt; he recommends that the wine be drawn off into jars only after the winter and that, since it quickly loses its strength, it be drunk after the lapse of one year; the wine is then considered suitable for patients for whom regular vintages are too strong and for those recuperating from long illnesses. Pliny stresses
10 See above, p. 23.

the fact that the vina deuteria are working men's wines Kallippos (operatia); see also: Pollux, VI, 17-18 (q9cAhos); ap. Hesychius s.v. SEurEpfas(eirreA ). Galen, however, makes it clear that the strength of the Ssrepias depends on the quantity of water added to the lees and that when drunk straight the wine is conducive to cephalalgia.

GROUP G

45

SS 7263. P.H. 0.095. Fragment of neck and G 217. MEDICINE P1.7. (?) BOTTLE. P 22055. P.H. 0.055; D. 0.035. Neck missing. shoulderwith one handle. Pinkish buff clay, fired buff at surface. Soft, buff clay; handmade. From an amphora as G 197. On the handle, a Small jar with biconical body and flat base. The interioris an irregularvertical cavity which does not potter's stamp: Errep. follow the lines of the exteriorprofile. Two Hellenistic Kriidian amphora handles from Layers II-III (SS 7264 and 7265) are omitted from P1. 36. the cataloguesincethey areclearlyout of context here. G 218. AMPHORA FRAGMENT, STAMPED.
OBJECTSOTHERTHANPOTTERY

G 219. LAMP,SIGNED. P1. 45. L 2868. L. rest. 0.125; W. 0.068; H. 0.036. Handle and tip of nozzle missing; restored. Buff clay; reddishbrownglaze. As F 99; the rim is furtheradornedwith a rosette on one side and a cornucopiaon the other. On the concave base, letters in relief, Xcorr. Howland no. 710, type 52 B.

Buff clay; black to brownglazewith faint metallic luster. As G 145. Under the nozzle, three lines of raised dots, radiatingfrom the base. On the base, in relief, the letter alpha. CompareH 22. Perlzweig.
G 225. LAMP, SIGNED. P1. 45.

L 2871. L. rest. 0.087; W. 0.057; H. 0.032. Part of nozzle missing; restored. G 220. LAMP, SIGNED. Reddish clay, fired black at core; dull, reddishto L 2866. L. 0.114; W. 0.06; H. 0.035. Intact. black glaze. Brownishclay; brownishto brownishblack glaze As G 224. On the base, in relief, the letter alpha with slight metallic luster. surroundedby a circularridge. Perlzweig. As G 140, but the handle is not grooved; on the base, the letter alpha in relief. Howland no. 578, G 226. LAMP,SIGNED. P1. 45. type 44 D. L 2869. Max. dim. 0.063; H. 0.03. Fragment of P1. 45. discus and body. G 221. LAMP. Reddish clay, fired gray at core; reddish,metallic L 2867. L. rest. 0.132; W. 0.071; H. 0.083. Nozzle glaze. Wheelmade. restored. handle broken, missing; Plain rim and discus, separated by a groove. Light reddish buff clay; traces of brownishred Bipartite lug at rim on left side. Tracesof vertical, glaze. flat not made in the mould. On base, trace of handle, Flat base, vertical wall and convex top with four incised alpha (?). Perlzweig. air-holes near the edge; high, flaring rim. Vertical, flat handle. Howlandno. 517, type 39.
G 227. TERRACOTTA BUST. G 222. LAMP. P1. 45. P1. 48.

T 1405. H. 0.053; W. 0.043. Intact except for L 2963. P.L. 0.065. Fragment of rim and discus. chips. Reddish buff clay; dull, brownishgray glaze. Pinkish buff clay; no traces of paint preserved. Rounded rim: rosettes in relief. Plain discus, set Head and shoulders,roughly finished beneath. A off from rim by a ridge. Attachments for a vertical fillet crossesthe foreheadand hangs down at sides of handle. Howlandno. 812, type 58 B. face; hair indicated in large lumps in front and by incision behind. Draperyover shoulders,formingVG 223. LAMP, SIGNED. at the neck. Grandjouan. L 2964. L. rest. 0.10; W. 0.065; H. 0.037. Handle shaped opening and part of nozzle missing; restored. G 228. TERRACOTTA MASK. P1. 48. Grayish clay; black to reddish brown glaze with T 1406. P.H. 0.068; P.W. 0.051. Left half of face slight metallic luster. As G 145. On the base, in relief, the letter alpha from upperlip to crown. Fine, buff, micaceous clay; faint traces of white surroundedby a circle of dots. Perlzweig. and pink paint. PI. 45. G 224. LAMP, SIGNED. Mask representinga bald-headedman with fat, L 2870. L. rest. 0.102; W. 0.066; H. 0.039. Handle puffed cheeks and protuberances(wens?) between missing; restored. eyes and on forehead. Eyes pierced. Grandjouan.

GROUP H
FIRST HALF OF 2ND CENTURY materialfromthe buildingfill (DepositP 8:1) of a circular This grouprepresents structure, in situ.' Thebuilding of whichthe foundations alonearepreserved lies west of the northern half to the northeastand thatthis of the Stoa of Attalos. Adjacentto the foundations of monopteros, numerous founda layerof earth,0.50-0.70m. deep,whichcontained east, wass working chipsof unflutedcolumnshafts found near by, which green serpentine(such as that of fragmentary, of PentelicandHymettianmarbleand of poros.Thereis to the structure), belonged presumably little doubt that this fill accumulated duringthe periodwhen the stone masonswere putting of the building;fill andbuildingaretherefore the finalsurfaces on the stonework contemporary. It is regrettablethat the excavation of the Agora has so far yielded little evidence for establishingan exact chronologyof the pottery of the late 1st and of the 2nd centuryafter Christ.The pottery from GroupH shows greatersimilarityto that of the 1st and early 2nd fromLayersII andIII of GroupG2than to that of the secondhalf of the 2nd century centuries
that the building fill of the monopteros should be from Group J.3 It seems likely, therefore, t, dated in the first half of the 2nd century. On architectural grounds the monopteros has been dated in the Antonine period, to which era the style of its curved geison blocks (with decorated

lowerfascia)seemsappropriate.4
Group H is at best an unsatisfactory filling, since it offers us no certain landmarks for establishing chronology. It must for the present be considered a "floating" deposit, falling between Layer II of Group G and Group J. Attention should be drawn to the fact that H 30-33 derive from a layer immediately beneath the fill with working chips; they may therefore represent a date slightly earlier than that of Group H proper (note the similarity between H 30-31 and vessels from Layer II of Group G).
1 Hesperia, VI, 1937, pp. 354-356, figs. 18-19; Hesperia, XXI, 1952, pp. 102-104, p. 25, a. The fill was excavated between May 29 and June 4, 1951, and again on May 8, 1952. 2 CompareH 4-6 and 16 with G 63, 68, 70, 71, 173; H 8-9 with G 179-180; H 11 with G 85-87; H 30 with G 19-20; H 31 with G 61. 3 CompareH 4-5 and 30 with 3 28. It is worthy of note that the only lamps or lamp fragments which occur in Group H are of Broneer's type XX-there are no traces of Broneer's type XXVII lamps such as occur in Layer III of Group G (G 202-203) and in Group J (J 6, 65-66). 4 John Travlos suggests that the carving of the geison resembles that of Antonine structures at Eleusis, as the Great Propylaea and the two adjacent monumental arches, constructed in the time of Antoninus Pius. Professor Homer Thompson calls attention to the similarity between our geison and that of the monopteroi of the Nymphaeum of Herodes Atticus at Olympia, which is dated between 147 and 161 (OlympischeForschungen,I, Berlin, de Gruyter, 1944, pp. 72ff., pl. 30).

GROUP H BUILDING FILL (FIRST HALF OF 2ND CENTURY)

GLAZED AND NON-GLAZEDWARES MISCELLANEOUS H 1. MOTTLEDPERGAMENE5BOWL,STAMPED.

47

Pls. 8, 57, 60. P 22461. P.H. 0.031; Max. P.D. est. 0.145. Three H 5. PLATE. joining fragmentsof wall and floor. Hard, pinkishbuff clay; mottled, orange-red glaze, P 21379. P.H. 0.029; D. lip est. 0.16. Fragmentof much worn on interior. wall and rim; foot and floormissing. At center of floor, surroundedby two circular Shape, clay and glaze as H 4. ridges, a device-stamp:leaf. The shape was that of a bowl with plain lip. H 6. BELL-CUP, FLANGEDRIM. shallow,almost hemispherical P 21385. P.H. 0.052; D. lip est. 0.12. Fragmentof H 2. BRITTLE WARE BEAKER. P1, 8. rim and wall. P 21388. H. 0.112; D. lip rest. 0.065. Half of body Clay and glaze as H 4. missing; restored. Shape as G 28 (q.v.)and H 7. Hard, buff clay; light brownishglaze, mottled in Pls. 8, 68. part to brownish black, on exterior and most of H 7. BELL-CUP, FLANGEDRIM. fired darker on of three-fourths P 22460. H. 0.059; D. lip est. 0.115. Fragmentary; interior; glaze upper exterior,probablyas a result of stackingin the kiln. center of floor missing; partly restored. Tall, slenderbody contractedbelow to a smallring Hard, gray clay with small, white grits; dull, foot and above to a slightly thickened, vertical lip. black glaze. Five deep, vertical indentations mark the wall. Shape as H 6 and G 28 (q.v.). CompareG 42 and J 69 (glass). H 8. HEMISPHERICAL CUP, FLANGED RIM. P1. 8. H 3. BRITTLEWAREBEAKERFRAGMENTS. P1. 63. P 22459.H. 0.058; D. lip est. 0.112. Fragmentary; P 22462. D. base 0.042. Two joining fragmentsof restored. base and wall. Hard, reddishclay; thin fabric; reddishbrown to black Fine, yellow-buff clay; thin fabric. The exterior glaze with faint metallic luster. has the appearanceof having been burnished. Hemisphericalcup on ring foot; vertical, flanged rim From a beaker (?) with flat base and oblique, terminatingin plain lip; two groovesaroundrim below lip. Shape as G 74-76, G 180. offset wall. Compare G 94, M 4. A similar fine, brittle, yellow-buffor white fabric Storage-fragments of several other cups as H 8 appears in a small number of early Roman vessels, and 9. fromthe Agoraexcavations(P 6589, beakers, primarily H 9. HEMISPHERICAL CUP, FLANGED RIM. 14619 and 19854) and in a beaker (reputedlyfrom P 21384. P.H. 0.045; D. lip est. 0.12. Fragmentof in the Museumof Fine Arts, Boston (P1.43).6 Corinth) wall and rim. The fabric will be discussed in full in the second Gritty, light reddishclay; dull, reddishglaze. volume of this work. Shape as H 8.
H 4. PLATE. Pls. 8, 68.

differentfabric (cf. also G 176). A circularband of roulettingon the floor. Storage-fragments of severalother plates similar to this and to H 5.

P 21383. H. 0.037; D. lip 0.15. Fragmentary; P 21389. P.H. 0.039; D. lip est. 0.09. Fragments center of floormissing; restored. of rim and body. Reddish clay with some grits; dull, reddish to Hard, gray clay; dull, black glaze. orange-redglaze. The same clay and glaze occur in Broad cup with roundedbody contractingat the H 5-6, H 16 and in G 63, 68, 70, 71, 173. towardthe low, verticalrim; exteriorface of rim top As the Samianplates G 19-20, G 167, J 28, but of grooved; two horizontalgroovesand a faint band of roulettingat the point of maximumdiameter.There 5 For mottled Pergamene ware, see Tarsus, I, pp. 183 is a trace, on the rim, of the upperattachmentfor a - 184,250, figs. 145, 194, 195 (nos. 513-522). A discussion of vertical For handle. more complete specimensof this the fabric will appear in the second volume of this study. 6 Published with P 11259 B of the of Greek 14:3-P1. shape compare (Deposit permission Department 68) and and Roman Antiquities, Museum of Fine Arts. Inv. 00.365. P 17049 (DepositB 21: 1-Pl. 39); the latter has only H. 0.097; D. 0.083. Complete. Light, cream-colored clay, one handle preservedbut has been restoredwith two extremely fine and thin; exterior surface smooth and almost handles by analogy with shallower cups as F 26. soap-like in texture. Cylindrical beaker with plain lip; base marked by several fine ridges. Groove at base of wall, three H 10, though smaller than P 17049, may have had two handles. grooves at mid-point of wall.

H 10. CUP, TWO HANDLES.

P1. 8.

48

THE ATHENIAN AGORA: POTTERY OF THE ROMAN PERIOD P1.8.

H 11. GLOBULAR JUG.

Reddish clay with some grits; dark, orange-red P 21387.P.H. 0.067; D. lip est. 0.08. Twofragments glazewith faint luster,mottledblackin part (cf. H 4). Domed lid with everted rim and plain lip; low, preservehandle and part of rim and body. plain knob, flat on top and bevelledaroundthe edge. Light reddishclay; reddishglaze. Two concentricgrooves on the upper surfaceof the Shapeas G 85-86. rim and two below the knob. H as other of two 11. jugs Storage-fragments Storage-fragments of anothersimilarlid.

P1.8. H 12. BOWL. P1. 8. P 21886. H. 0.064; D. est. 0.185. Fragmentary; [H 17]. JUG. P 13597. Deposit N 19:2 (late 1st to early 2nd restored. Rather coarse,orange-redclay; dull, red glaze on century). H. 0.249; D. 0.177. Almost complete. upperparts, inside and out. Brownish Bowl with roundedwall on ring foot; at the top clay; dull, black to brownish glaze the wall curvesinwardand terminatesin a plain lip. (partial). Plump body on ring foot; high neck with everted PI. 8. lip, flat on top. Ridged handle with applied thumb[H 13]. BOWL. rest at top (cf. H 11, G 86-86). The lip projectsout P 8154. Deposit C 9:1 (early 2nd century). in a small lug on either side of t. a. h. Two bands of H. 0.121; D. 0.195. Almost complete;restored. roulettingaroundthe body belowb. a. h.; three pairs Reddish clay; dull, reddishglaze (partial). of groovesaroundthe neck. Deep bowlwith angularwall on ring foot. Everted, Storage-fragments of neck and shoulderof a jug horizontalrim with vertical lip. Bands of rouletting similar to P 13597. at middle and bottom of the vertical wall surface; a groovejust below the angle of the wall. JUG FRAGMENT. P1. 8. Storage-fragments of two bowlssimilarto P 8154. [H 18]. P 11165. Deposit B 13:2 (2nd century). P.H. 0.147; D. rest. 0.156. Fragmentary; the P1. 8. H 14. MINIATURE KANTHAROS. lower body missing; partly restored. P 22463. P.H. 0.064; D. 0.052. Lip, both handles Pinkish clay, self-slip. and part of body missing; partly restored. From a jug with roundedshoulder,narrow,flaring Brownishbuff clay; dull, brownishblack glaze. neck and plain lip. Handle deeply grooved;the neck as An archaistic revivalof the Hellenistickantharos Three bands of rouletting around the seen in the West Slope specimenB 20. The body is wheel-ridged. shoulder. K 62-63, M 162. wheel-ridged. Compare Storage-fragments of the necks of two jugs Miniaturevessels occur frequently in fillings of similarto P 11165. the late 2nd and the 3rd centuries:J 1-3, J 12, J 37, K 69-72, L 6-7, M 73, M 116, M 160-161.
H 19. COOKING POT FRAGMENT. P1. 8.

H 16. THYMIATERION. P1.8. P 21418. H. rest. 0.09; D. 0.085. Entire lip and part of foot missing;restored. Pinkishbuffclay with somemica; matt, white slip, muchworn.Tracesof burningon the floorof the cup. A flat-bottomed cup with flaring wall (and presumablyplain lip, as in the analogouspiece from Deposit B 21:1, P 17052) is supportedon a hollow, flaringstem foot; betweencup and foot, a projecting, horizontalflange. For otherthymiateriasee G 169, M 74, M 224; the shapeis not uncommonin the 2nd and 3rd centuries. The lid J 63 may have served as cover for such an incense-burner. On thymiateria in general, see K. Wigand, Bonn. Jahrb., CXXII, 1912, pp. 1-97.
H 16. LID. P1. 8.

P 22464. Max. dim. 0.096; D. loop handle 0.058. Wall fragmentwith handle. Rather coarse,reddishclay; brownishslip. From a vessel with vertical wall and sloping shoulder set off at a sharp angle. Vertical handle, appliedbelowthe junction of wall and shoulder,with a freely-moving ring handleattached to it.
H 20. AMPHORA FRAGMENT, DIPINTO.

Pls. 8, 59. P 21381. P.H. 0.115; D. lip 0.064. Neck, shoulder and parts of both handlespreserved. Reddishbuff clay, yellowishbuff slip. From an amphoraas G 197 and M 102. On the shoulder, inscription in black paint: of four lines only the secondis legible,'rrdo'rov partiallypreserved, (raisinwine).

P 21880. H. 0.044; D. 0.147. Fragmentary; Storage, pottery-several fragments of Samian A restored. pottery and parts of jugs as [G 103] and M 80.

GROUP H
OBJECTS OTHER THAN POTTERY

49

H 21. LAMP, SIGNED. P1.45. H. P.L. 0.032. Intact L 4796. 0.085; W. 0.061; except for handle. Hard, dark gray clay; reddishto black glaze with metallic luster. As G 143-145, G 223-225; no raised dots under nozzle. On the base, in relief, the letter alpha, surrounded by two concentric ridges. Perlzweig. Storage-fragments of three other lamps of Broneer'stype XX. H 22. LAMP, SIGNED, BASKET HANDLE. P1. 45. L 4795. L. 0.093; W. 0.07; H. 0.041. Intact except for handle. Reddish clay; reddish to black glaze with faint metallic luster. As H 21; underthe nozzle,threelines of raiseddots (as on G 224). On the base, in relief, the letter alpha. Basket handle attached across discus as on G 128. Perlzweig. H 23. TERRACOTTA MASK FRAGMENT. P1.48. T 3071. P.H. 0.106; P.W. 0.069. A singlefragment; the original edge preserved at top, left, above the horn. Fine, buff clay; self-slip;no tracesof paint remain. From the top of a satyr (?) mask, showing forehead,a fillet, hair rising in vertical locks and (at left) a horn. Grandjouan.
H 24.

which may not belong, is not illustrated.Pale green, transparentglass. The vertical handle is attached under the flaring, evertedlip. The ridgingof the handleis extendedout and above the lip in three separate loops (of which the centralone is brokenaway). H 26. GLASS JUG FRAGMENT. P1. 54. 419. P.H. G 0.049; D. lip 0.039. Neck, handle and part of shoulderpreserved.Bluish green, transparent glass. Sloping shoulder; low neck with everted, rolled lip; flat handle.
H 27.
GLASS FRAGMENT.

P1. 54.

P1.73. T 3072. P.H. 0.041; Max. P.L. of side 0.125. A single fragment preservingone lower corer of the altar. Reddish buff clay, fired gray-buffat core; traces of dull, reddishglaze. From a "stepped" altar of hollow construction. The die of the altar properrests on two steps; die and steps were built up in horizontal layers. There is a groove along the outer edge of each step.
TERRACOTTA ALTAR FRAGMENT.

H 25. GLASS JUG FRAGMENTS.

P1. 54.

G 420. D. lip 0.062. Mouth and part of handle preserved; another non-joining handle fragment,

G 418. P.L. 0.032; Th. 0.007. Part of a spirally twisted handle or stem, broken above and below. Light yellowish brown glass. H 28. SCULPTURED RELIEF, UNFINISHED. P1. 52. 1519. P.H. S 0.135; W. at base 0.066; Th. at base 0.059. Top of block broken away; surface chipped. A narrow,tapering block of Pentelic marble, the back rounded.On the front surface,carved in relief, a male figurefacing,r. hand on hip, weight carriedon r. foot, 1. elbow resting on a pillar-like support, The carvingis apparently drapery(?) over 1.forearm. not finished;drill marksare found at many points on the figureand the background. H 29. STONE BASIN (?). P1.52. ST 505. P. H. 0.103; Max. W. on top 0.22. A roughly triangularblock of hard, yellow poros. On the base, two incised concentriccircles (D. 0.065 and 0.135). On the top, a circulardepression(D. ca. 0.115; Depth ca. 0.05); the top surface has been partly dressed,adjacentto the depression,along two of the three edges. The function of this possibly unfinishedartifact is not clear. Two inventoried objects from Group H are not included in the above catalogue because they are obviously not related to the 2nd century filling: P 21382, a fragmentof early Attic black-figure ware; SS 11154, a Thasian( ) stampedamphorahandle of the 5th or 4th century B.C.

LAYER BELOW TI IE BUILDING FILL H 30. SAMIAN A PLATE. P 21392.P.H. 0.042; D. est. 0.16. Fragmentof wall P 21391. H. 0.031; D. est. 0.13. Small fragmentof and rim. Hard, reddishclay; dark, orange-red wall, foot and rim; center of floormissing. glaze. and G Typical clay glaze (as 19ff.). H 33. AMPHORA FRAGMENT, DIPINTO. P1. 59. Shape as G 19-20. P 21393. Max. dim. 0.074. Shoulderfragment. H 31. BOWL. Rather soft, gritty, buff clay. P 21390. H. 0.033; D. est. 0.15. Fragmentof wall, Inscription in black paint, broken away at left: foot and rim; center of floormissing. IEUpvpi[, sonof Eurybi-" "[agift] to Periphos, lTEplpcoi Clay, glaze and shape as G 61. The name is not elsewhere (?). recorded, Periphos H 32. BOWL. P1. 68. though Periphasis known.
4

GROUPJ
MIDDLE OF 2ND TO EARLY 3RD CENTURY Group J constitutes the lower (period of use) filling of a well (Deposit C 12:1) located on Kolonos Agoraios to the south of the Hephaisteion. Of the building with which the well was associated nothing remains, for most of this area had been denuded long before the start of the excavation. The well had a diameter of 1.07 m. and a total depth of 21.05 m. from the preserved rock surface; it was cut through hard rock and no terracotta tiles were used for lining the shaft.1 The lower filling, from 16.00 m. to bottom, appears to have accumulated while the well was in use and is characterizedby numerous water jars and amphorae re-used as water jars. The terminuspost quemfor this group is indicated by the dipinto on J 5, which was found in Layer I; this dipinto recordsas date the fourteenth year of the reign of the emperorHadrian (137/138).2 This storage amphora may have been kept in the wine cellar for several years before being decanted,3and after being emptied of its original contents it was put into use as a well jar. The date at which it fell irretrievably into the well may perhaps be set between 138 and 150. All the pottery found with or above J 5 must then be dated around the middle of the 2nd century and later. For the terminus ante quem of the lower filling of the well we must turn to the upper fill (top to 16.00 m.), which seems to have been thrown in at one time to close the well shaft. This filling contained relatively little pottery; but the presence in it of fragments of mosaic floor (at depth ca. 10.00 m.) indicates that the filling derived from the destruction debris of some neighboring building. Of the twenty-four bronze coins found in the well, eight certainly came from the upper filling; the others, discovered in the sifting of the dried well-earth, after excavation, probably came primarily from the upper levels of the shaft, since there are included among them at least two coins later in date than the pottery of the period-of-usefill.4It is likely that the well went out of use at least no later than 267, when the Heruli sacked Athens. After that disaster much of the area of the old Agora was abandoned by the citizens when they retreated within the restricted area protected by the Late Roman Fortification;5 and the
1 The well was excavated between March 16 and April 29, 1936. The fourteenth year of Hadrian, if calculated by the Athenian "era" (i.e., from the date of Hadrian's first visit to the city in 124/125), must be 137/138 (see P. Graindor, Athenes sous Hadrien, Cairo, 1934, pp. 2-8). Unfortunately, it is not absolutely certain that the amphora J 5 is of Attic manufacture; its inscription might possibly, therefore, represent the era of some other eastern city, though it will in any event be no earlier than 130/131. s We need not, I think, concern ourselves here with such unusually long cellarage as that of the Italian wines of the Opimianvintage of 121 B.C., which were still being decanted two hundred years later (felix autumnusOpimi, Martial, XIII, 113, 1; Pliny, Nat. Hist., XIV, 55; see also Juvenal, Sat., V, 30-31). Twenty years seems to be the maximum cellarage for even the better quality wines (Pliny, Nat. Hist., XIV, 57), although Horace records some wines thirty-five to sixty years old (Carm., III, 8, 9-12; III, 21, 1-8; III, 14, 16-20). Four-year-old wine was regarded highly (Horace, Carm., I, 14, 7; Theocritus, XIV, 16; VII, 147) and certain wines were broached into amphorae only after four years of aging in the dolium (C.I.L., XV, 2,1, no. 4539; Palladius, XI, 14, 4). Dioscurides (Mat. Med., V, 12) makes the following recommendation ET'rv; while Pliny (Nat. Hist., irpS wr6acv, cbSoltdwr6 rr-T& regarding the aging of wines: ot acrot86 rilv fAiKiav &ploTrot XXIII, 1, 20) adds that Falemian wine is at its best when aged fifteen years. 4 The significant coins are: Constantine II, 337-340 (one specimen), as Thompson, Coins, no. 1025. Gordianus III, 241-243 (one specimen), as Thompson, Coins, no. 282. 5 V. supra, p. 3.
2

GROUP J

51

debris-fillingmay have been dumped into the abandoned well-shaft after the departure of the barbarianhordes.6 Thus the lowest five meters of fill may represent slightly more than a century of use of the well, from the middle of the 2nd century to 267. However, the absence of fragments of late Roman red ware and the rarity of painted-ware bowls such as occur commonly in the preHerulian GroupK (K 19-28) suggest that Group J was probably closed considerablybefore 267, perhaps by the end of the first quarter of the 3rd century.7 In the excavation of Group J (the period-of-use filling of the well) the possibility of stratification was not immediately recognized and the depth at which the objects were found is not recorded within narrow limits in all cases. Ir the following catalogue the objects are divided
arbitrarily into three layers (19.75-19.20 m.; 19.20-17.20 m.; and ca. 16.00 m.)8 numbered

successively in the order of their accumulation; objects whose exact location within the fill is not recorded are listed subsequently under the rubric "Layers I-III." There seems to be no possibility at the present time of fixing specifically the chronology of the individual layers.
LAYER I (AFTER 188)
J 1. MINIATUREJUG, ROUND MOUTH. P1. 9.

P 7580. H. 0.065; D. 0.057. Lip chipped. Pinkish buff clay; dull, reddish to black glaze (except on base). Squat, piriform body with flat base; everted lip; no neck. Sliced handle; groove at b. a. h. For other miniature vessels see H 14. P1. 9. P 7578. H. 0.078; D. 0.056. Intact. Orange-buff clay, micaceous and gritty. Ovoid body with flat base; high neck; grooved handle.
J 2. MINIATUREJAR, BASKETHANDLE. J 3. MINIATURE JAR, BASKET HANDLE. P1. 9.

glaze: stripes on lip and handles; a straight horizontal band below the handles; a broad, wavy band on either side between the handles. Compare G 101, J 40, M 39-40. Pis. 11, 59. P 7583. P.H. 0.549; D. 0.295. Neck and handles missing; filling hole. Publ. A.J.A., XL, 1936, p. 410 (with incorrect reading of second line of inscription). Reddish clay with grits; thin, reddish wash over upper part of exterior. Mastic. The body tapers slightly from the angular shoulder toward a high, flaring, ring foot; the base is convex. The shoulder slopes upward into a narrow, tapering neck. On the shoulder, an inscription in black paint: "E-roS 81 'ASpcivoo I eviaucTlaov (the reading of
DIPINTO. J 5. STORAGE AMPHORA,

P 7579. H. 0.074; D. 0.052. Intact. Gritty, gray-buff clay; slip, mottled greenish buff to purplish buff. As J 2.
J 4. STAMNOS,PARTLYGLAZED. PI. 10.

P 7581. H. 0.22; D. 0.20. Broken; one handle missing; restored. Soft, gritty, reddish buff clay. Plump ovoid body on low ring foot; small, everted lip. Two horizontal handles, round in section, tilted upward. Three grooves around body at level of handle attachments. Decoration in dull reddish

the final word is that of J. H. Oliver; cf. a&prrEAot eviauvoaila, Geoponica, 111,2,1, in the sense of "year-oldvines"; the meaningmay be that the wine had alreadyaged one year in the doliumbeforebeing broachedinto the amphorain the fourteenthyear of Hadrian'sreign). On the formt6 instead of the more usual iS for the ordinal numeral, see Tod, B.S.A., XLV, 1950, p. 129.
P1. 45. J 6. LAMP. L 2318. L. 0.08; W. 0.063; H. 0.026. Intact. Soft, orange-buff clay.

6 The coin of Constantine II found in the sifting of the well-earth may represent an intrusion into the topmost level of the filling or may indicate a 4th century re-filling necessitated by the settling of the first post-Herulian deposit. 7 It is notable also that Group K contained no lamps of the types represented by J 59-60, J 61-62 and J 63-64. Unfortunately, however, there is no record of the depth within the bottom filling at which lamps J 59-64 were found; they may merely represent the lowest filling, Layer I, which is certainly of the late 2nd century and therefore earlier in date than Group K. On the other hand, Miss Judith Perlzweig informs me that lamp J 23 (found at the very top of Layer III, at the point of change to the upper, dumped fill) is of the mid 3rd century and that J 65 (Layers I-III) and J 66 (from the wellearth) are probably of the second half of the 3rd century, though both may be pre-Herulian. 8 Only one object, the lead pail J 9, was found between 19.75 m. and bottom at 21.05 m.
4*

52

THE ATHENIAN AGORA: POTTERY OF THE ROMAN PERIOD

Rim: smallovules, set closeto discus.Discusplain. A pin-like object, pointed at one end and termiand Handle pierced grooved above and below. nating, at the other, in an open right hand; at the Circular "wrist,"a braceletof rope pattern in relief. groove on base; no signature. J 9. LEAD BUCKET. P1. 51. A 652. D. 0.21-0.218; Th. 0.065. Intact. IL 369. P.H. 0.195; Max. W. at rim 0.225. Coarse,reddish buff clay. Centralhole filled with Handle missing; body dented, especially at the lime mortar. bottom, but complete. As G161. Diameterof centralhole0.06.Depressions Round-bottomedbucket with plain lip, slightly thickenedon exterior. At rim, on either side, a lead (marksof potter's fingers)on one surfaceonly. lug for an attachment of iron-presumably a ring J 8. BONEOBJECT. P1. 56. through which passed an end of a movable bail BI 232. P.L. 0.125; W. 0.008. At the broaderend handle. the tips of the first and little fingersof the hand are Found at the very bottom of the well deposit brokenaway. (19.75m.-21.05 m.).
COLUMN SECTION. J 7. TERRACOTTA

P1. 50.

LAYER II (LATE 2ND CENTURY?)

J 10. GLOBULAR JUG, ROUND MOUTH. P1. 9.

P 7535. H. 0.071; D. 0.067. Intact.

Yellowish buff clay; dull, brownish black to purplish brown glaze (except base). Globular body on low, flat base; the base left

roughfrom the wheel. Low, obliquerim, set off from encloses the arms; the peaked hood is thrown back and over the shoulders.At the middle of the back, a body by an angularridge. Slicedhandle. small, vertical, pierced handle similar to those of J 11. GLOBULAR P1.9. lampssuch as J 6 and J 23. Perlzweig-Grandjouan. JUG,ROUND MOUTH. P 7538. H. 0.067; D. 0.06. Intact. Another, more complete figure of this type (L 2503, Pinkish buff clay; dull, red glaze (except base). from Deposit E 11:2) shows that the lamp proper As J 10, but with finished base; rim is slightly projected horizontally from the groin; it was prehigher and is not offset from body by a ridge. Body sumably in the form of a phallus. The youthful lightly wheel-ridged. figure may represent Telesphoros, although that associateof is J 12. MINIATURECUP. PI. 9. a cloakwithAsklepios generallyportrayedwearing the peakedhood drawnup over the head P 7536. H. 0.05; D. 0.047. Intact. (cf. Hesperia, XIX, 1950, p. 333, pl. 106, a; also Dark buff clay; brownish to dark brown glaze Agora lamp L 3104, from the 2nd century filling of (except base). DepositE 14:2). The worshipof Telesphoros appears Small, flat-bottomed cup; the wall is slightly to have been introducedto Athens (fromPergamon) constrictedbelow the plainlip and is deeplyindented in the late years of the 2nd century, possibly as a at four points. No handle. For other miniature result of the great plague which was brought back vessels see underH 14. fromthe east in 166 by the soldiers of Marcus Aurelius' Parthian The campaigns.9 religious significance and MOUTH. Pls. 10, 42. J 13. JUG, ROUND P 7537. H. 0.205; D. 0.125. Intact. Ovoid body on ring foot. Round mouth vwuh Aurelius, 13,3; 13,5; 17,2; 21,6. In 174/5, in the archonshipof everted lip, grooved on top. Groovedhandle, rising M. Munatius Vopiscus, a ceremony was celebrated in Athens
slightly above and indenting the lip at point of attachment. Body lightly wheel-ridged; horizontal groove at b. a. h. Buff to orange-buff clay, self-slip.
9 Amm. Marc., XXIII, 6,24; Script. Hist. Aug., Marcus

in a vertical seam down the front of the body,

Figureof a young boy; the long hair terminatesin curls and there is a braided lock of hair extending fromfront to back acrossthe crown;the eyeballsare piercedthrough.A long, hoodedcloak, sewn together

P1.47. L 2801. P.H. 0.131; W. at head 0.038. Base and lower part of body brokenaway. Reddish clay; dull, dark reddishglaze. Madein a two-part mould, the seams extending vertically up
J 14. PLASTICLAMP. the sides.

in the name of Asklepios; on that occasion paeans were sung to Asklepios and Koronis and the event was recorded ca. 225 in a monument honoring Sarapion of Chollidai (Hesperia, V, 1936, pp. 91-122; for the date, Hesperia, XVIII, 1949, p. 55). A similar monument, not accurately dated but generally assigned to the 3rd century (I.G., II2, 4533), records three other paeans written to Asklepios, Hygieia and Telesphoros, the last of whom is recorded as having relieved the land of the Kekropidai from a plague; Telesphoros is also mentioned in ephebic inscriptions as early as 194/5 (I.G., II2, 2127, lines 6, 10; I.G., IIs, 2227, line 3; for dating see Hesperia, XVIII, 1949, pp. 53, 54). See also I.G., II2, 4531 and 4541.

GROUP J
ritual characterof Telesphoros is far from clear,10 but he is certainlyassociatedwith the healingaspectsand incubation practices of the Asklepios cult. It is perhapsnot surprisingthat the deity should appear figuredin a plastic lamp, since he is connectedwith the nocturnal rituals of the cult and is called, in a while his appear3rd century hymn, cpaeoivpporos, ance in a dreamto Aelius Aristideswas accompanied by a brilliantflashof light.ll
J 16. BONE NEEDLE.

58

As J 15, but with the addition of a second and smallereye, close to the blunt end. P1.58. B 326. H. 0.051; D. 0.044. Part of handle and clappermissing. The piece has not been subjectedto cleaning. Conicalbell with loop handleabove for suspension. On the interior,obscuredby heavy corrosion, remains of a clapper(?).
J 17. BRONZEBELL.
J 18. LEAD BUCKET.

PI. 56.

BI 230. L. 0.136; W. 0.005. Intact. IL 368. P.H. 0.12; Max. W. at bottom 0.23. Bent Pointed needle; the eye in the flattened end was out of shape,especiallyat the bottom;handlemissing. made by drillingtwo holes close to one anotheron the As J9. axis of the shaft and cutting away the bridgebetween them. Attention should be called to a stamped amphora handle (Knidian) of Hellenistic date from Layer II J 16. BONENEEDLE. (SS 5922); it is not cataloguedhere since it has no BI 231. L. 0.146; W. 0.007. Intact. relation to the materialof Roman date. LAYER III (EARLY 3RD CENTURY)
J 19. GLOBULAR JUG, PAINTED. PI. 9.

J 22. COOKING DISH.

PI. 72.

P1.45. L 2300. L. 0.105; W. 0.076; H. 0.031. Intact. J 20. GLOBULAR JUG, ROUND MOUTH. PI. 9. Soft, gritty, yellow-buffclay. The nozzle is coated P 7533. H. 0.115; D. 0.098. Intact. with carbon. Dark buff clay; dull, brownto black glaze (except Rim: vine with grapeclusters.Discus concaveand markedwith close-setrays. Handle: pierced,grooved base). Globular body on low ring foot; flaring rim; above and below. Base: signaturewithin two circular juncture of rim and body markedby angularridges; grooves,TTnhpelu. sliced handle. Body wheel-ridged.Compare K 62-64. J 24. PLASTICLAMP. PI. 47. J 21. GLOBULAR JUG, ROUND MOUTH. P1. 9. L 2299. H. 0.093; W. 0.046. Nozzle of lamp and P 7534. H. 0.135; D. 0.115. Intact. part of right wing of figuremissing.Madein two-part Buff clay; reddish brown to black glaze (except mould, the seams extending vertically up the sides of the figure. base). As J20. clay; dull, reddishglaze. Orange-red
See Schwenn, s.v. in Pauly-Wissowa, R.E.; Schmidt, s.v. in Roscher, Myth. Lex.; SchrSder,Archivfiir Religionswiss. XXV, 1938, pp. 218ff.; Egger, Jahresh., XXXVII, 1948, pp. 90-111; W. Deonna, De Tdlesphoreau "moine bourru": Dieux, g6nies et d6mons encapuchonnds(CollectionLatomus, vol. XXI, Brussels, 1955), pp. 38-58. 11I.G., IPI, 4533, line 33; Aelius Aristides, II, 419, 10-12 [ed. Keil]. The presence of Telesphoros' name at the head of two ephebic lists (note 9) suggests that he may have received from the ephebes libations such as those which they poured to Herakles when they sheared off their devotional lock of hair (Eupolis, fr. 135, ed. Kock, C.A.F., I, p. 293, where
10

P 7531. H. 0.124; D. 0.113. Intact. Darkbuffclay; darkbrownto purplishbrownglaze (except base). Globular body on flat base; a circulargrooveon the resting surface(cf. K 69, M 146-149, M 190). Vertical rim; sliced handle. Decorationin white paint in the handle zone: tangent spirals rotating clockwise toward center. See note under K 19.

P 7532. H. 0.056-0.065; D. 0.305. Intact. Coarse,reddishclay with grits. Deep, flat-bottomed dish; two small ribbon handlesappliedto the outer edge of the everted rim. J 58 might have served as the lid for this dish. K 89. Compare
J 23. LAMP, SIGNED.

improbable that the special vessels used in the libation (as the olvro-rpia in the sacrifice to Heraldes) were moulded jugs in the form of a young boy's head such as Agora P 10004 (Hesperia, VII, 1938, p. 349, fig. 33; Kiibler, Kerameikos, p. 138, figs. 77-78). These head-jugs, which are known only in Athens and during the middle years of the 3rd century, occur in both the Kerameikos and Agora excavations; one (Agora P 10240) bears at the nape of the neck the mouldmade letters EYAO&, presumably an abbreviation of the name Eudoros, which occurs at the same period on many signed lamps.

other pertinentpassagesare cited). If this be true, it is not

54

THE ATHENIAN AGORA: POTTERY OF THE ROMAN PERIOD at bottom the break coincideswith the position of a joint in the branchfromwhichthe piece was cut. A small, flat piece of wood; on the upper surface are cut four shallow,oval depressions,at the center of each of which is a very small hole which does not penetrateentirelythroughto the underside.The oval depressionswere presumablydesigned for inlays of ivory, stone or glass.
J 27. STATUE OF MOTHER OF THE GODS, MARBLE.

S 781. H. 0.338; W. 0.218. Right forearmand part of right braidof hair missing. A statue of the Motherof the Gods, seated on a BI 229. P.L. 0.129; W. 0.006. Point brokenoff. the right-handsupportof which is carvedin throne, Long needle, flattened at one end, where it is the of a lion protome.Publishedby T. L. Shear, form pierced'byan elongatedeye. CompareJ 15. A.J.A., XL, 1936, pp. 409-410, fig. 6. J 26. WooD FRAGMENT, WORKED. P1. 50. It is quite likely that this figure,found at a depth W 8. P.L. 0.061; P.W. 0.012. The workedsurface of 16.00m. in the well shaft, derivesfromthe dumped is brokenat top, bottom and right (as seen in P1.50); fillingratherthan from the loweruse filling.
J 25. BONE NEEDLE.

The lamp properconsistsof a basis, roughlyovoid in plan and markedby three horizontalgrooves on the side; the wick-holeis pierced in the top of the basistowardthe front. Onthe basisis seateda winged, male figure,nude except for boxing gloves (ti&vTrs) which extend to above the elbows; the right knee is drawnup, the right forearmresting on the knee, the chin supportedin the right hand. The pupils of the A vertical lug eyes are representedby punch-marks. handle, piercedhorizontally,projectsfrom the back of the figure. Perlzweig-Grandjouan.

LAYERS I-III Buff clay; dull, orange-red glaze. A mould-thrown bowl with figured,relief scene on A PLATE. J 28. SAMIAN PI. 61. exterior. This scene representsa battle of warriors, P 8321. H. 0.032; D. 0.15. About one-third some mounted and some on foot. The background preserved;center of floor missing. is markedby incised decorationaddedafter the bowl Micaceous, soft, reddish cinnamon clay; dull, was removedfromthe mould: bladesof grassbeneath orange-red glaze. the horses;at least seven crosses. As G 19, G 20, G 167. For the most recentstudy of this categoryof vases, see Spitzer, Hesperia,XI, 1942, pp. 162-192 (where A cuP. Pls. 9, 62. J 29. SAMIAN P 8319 is mentioned in footnote 26, p. 176). The P 8820. H. 0.041; D. 0.088. Almost complete; sequenceof the figureson J 31, followingthe identirestored. letters used by Spitzer (p. 173, fig. 8) for the Clay and glaze as J 28. Centerof floor worn; no fying bowls with battle scenes, is (P1.9, bottom, reading trace of stamp. from left to right): h2, b, -, -, b, g, e, f, k (right half). This shape,very commonin Samianware,may be with the non-SamianpiecesG28, G70, G 71. These moulded bowls, manufacturedprimarily at compared Corinth,have been dated by Mrs. Spitzer between Pls. 36, 68. the middleof the 2nd and the end of the 3rd century J 30. GLAZED PLATE, STAMPED. is preparing P 8842. Est. D. base 0.105. About half of the (op.cit.,p. 192). Dr. Fritz Eichler(Vienna) a of the known corpus specimens. floorpreserved. buff black on interior dull, glaze clay; Grayish J 32. PLATE. P1. 68. only. Base left rough from wheel. P 8826. H. 0.046; D. 0.221. Almost complete; From a plate as K 5. At center of floor a stamp, brokenaway at left: leopardto left (the same stamp restored. Coarse,buff clay; dull, brownishred glaze. occurson AgoraP 14855, P1. 86). The shape is similar to that of J 30 (see also This type of plate, made locally duringthe early 3rd century, occurs in large numbersin Deposit K K 5-12) but larger;the base is finished;no stamp on (K 5-12); numerousother pieces appearin the Agora floor.CompareG 176-177, K 13-16. of inventoryand amongthe sherdsin the storerooms J 33. PLATE. P1. 68. the Kerameikos Museum. P 8322.H. 0.083-0.041;D. 0.217.Almostcomplete; Pls. 9, 68. restored. J 31. MOULDED BOWL. P 8819. P.H. 0.068; D. 0.119-0.122; H. figured Soft, gritty, orange-buffclay; dull, dark reddish scene 0.043. Base and about one-third of body glaze (excepton base). missing; partly restored. Shapeas K 36-40.
MISCELLANEOUS GLAZED AND NON-GLAZED WARES

GROUP J
J

55
P1. 10.

34.

GLOBULAR

JUG, ROUND MOUTH.

P1. 9.

J 41. JUG, TREFOILMOUTH.

P 8882. H. 0.252; D. 0.171. Almost complete; P 8324. H. 0.07; D. 0.068. Part of body missing; restored. restored. Dark buff clay; dull, black glaze (except base). Soft, gritty, buff clay; self-slip. 10. as Ovoid J Shape body on ring foot; rather wide neck with plain, slightly everted lip; trefoil mouth. Ridged J 36. JUG, ROUND MOUTH. P1. 9. handle rising from lip, which is indented at point of P 22546. H. 0.148; D. 0.113. Almost complete; handle attachment. restored. P1. 10. Gritty, yellowish buff clay; dull, brownishyellow [J 421. JUG, ROUND MOUTH. P 15291. Deposit N 17:2 (1st and 2nd century glaze (except foot). Ovoid, wheel-ridged body on small ring foot; filling). H. 0.27; D. 0.21. Intact. flaringneck with plain lip; groovedhandle. Compare K 65, M 166 and L 4. Gritty, buff to pinkishbuff clay; self-slip. Plump, ovoid body on ring ioot; wide neck and PIS. 9,68. J 36. JUG, ROUND MOUTH. everted lip with groove on top surface. Handle as P 22547. P.H. 0.071; D. rest. 0.08. Fragmentary; J 41. Groovearoundbody at b. a. h. bottom and most of handle missing; partly restored. Storage,Layers I-III-fragments of a jug similar Reddish buff clay; dull, light red glaze. to P 15291; comparealso [G 106], which is similar The wheel-ridged body, as far as preserved, except for an offset between body and neck ([G 106] resemblesthat of handleless pots such as K 97-105; and [J 42] are from the lower and upper levels, there is no neck; the lip is everted and the mouth respectively,of the same well filling). round. Single, vertical handle.
J 43. JUG, ROUND MOUTH.

P1. 9.

P 8325. H. 0.112; D. 0.086. Fragmentary,handle P 8323. H. 0.08; D. 0.058. Handle missing; missing; restored. Reddish clay, thin fabric; self-slip, fired gray in otherwiseintact. Soft, gritty, orange-buff clay; dull, red glaze, upperhalf as a result of stackingin the kiln. As [G 103]. almost completelyworn away. Piriform body with flat base, narrow neck and J 44. WATER JAR, BASKETHANDLE. P1. 10. small, everted lip. Single, vertical handle from below P H. 8338. D. 0.215. restored. 0.271; Fragmentary; lip to just above point of maximumdiameter. Hard, gray-buffclay; self-slip. J 38. LIQUEUR CUP. P1. 9. Ovoid body on ring foot; low, flaring neck with P 7673. H. 0.032; D. 0.054. Almost complete; tip everted, thickened lip. Ridged handle. Contrast of handle missing; restored. [G 106], [J 465, M 44, M 88-89, M 198. Gritty, orange-buff clay. P1. 10. [J 45]. WATER JAR, BASKET HANDLE. As G 216. P 2255. Deposit J 12:1 (early8rd century filling). H. 0.325; D. 0.211. Intact. COARSE HOUSEHOLD WARES Buff to reddishclay, self-slip. Slender, ovoid, wheel-ridgedbody on ring foot; J 39. STAMNOS. P1. 10. high, straight neck with rolled lip. Groovedhandle. P 8340.P.H. 0.811; D. 0.268. Base, resting-surface Compare J 44. of foot and part of body and lip missing; restored. Storage, Layers I-III-fragments of a jar similar Coarse,gritty, reddish clay, fired gray at core. to P 2255. Ovoidbody on ring foot. Wide, roundmouth with Pls. 11, 41. thick, verticalrim, flat on top. Two wide straphand- [J 46]. JAR, ONE HANDLE. P B 12:1 7671. 2nd to out from the shoulder. les, appliedhorizontally, Deposit (late early 3rd project centuryfilling). J 40. STAMNOS. PI. 10. H. 0.405; D. 0.22. Intact; fillinghole. P 8336. H. 0.238; D. 0.217. Almost complete;both Brownish gray clay with much mica, smooth on handlesmissing; restored. surface. Hard, brick-redclay, fired brownishblack in part Ovoid, wheel-ridgedbody tapering to a tubular on exterior. The base is cracked, apparently as a foot with thickened collar; short, narrowneck with result of the firing. thickenedlip, flat on top. Splayedhandlewith single, As G 101 and P 4503 (P1.40; cited under G 101), broad groove. Lang, Dated Jars, no. 26. Compare but the body is less plump; no decoration. F 66 and otherjars there cited.

JUG. J 37. MINIATURE

PI. 9.

56

THE ATHENIAN AGORA: POTTERY OF THE ROMAN PERIOD

Gritty, gray-buffclay. On the exterior, a dipinto in four lines, executed in black paint: ['I]Epcov[u]Cp I[Xl]prIorro Sc6e^p[I of G. A. rra]pa [&]d5Aq[covl--]ANOC[ (reading P1. 11. J 47. JAR, ONE HANDLE. Stamires). It is uncertain whether this sherd reP 8887.H. 0.498;D. 0.17.Almostcomplete;restored. presentsan ostrakonor an amphora-inscription. Reddish brown, micaceous clay, smooth on surJ 63. LID. P1. 11. face, firedgrayishblack on exterior. P 8327. H. 0.026; D. 0.078. Almost complete; As [J 46], but the body is slender,almost cylindrical in the mid-section. restored. The fragments in storage representedby [J 46] Darkbuff clay; gray-buffslip; blackened(by fire?) are probably contemporarywith the earliest filling on interior. of Group J; J 47 should be equated with Layer III Low, conicallid with plain lip; circularknob, flat M on (cf. 125). top and piercedvertically by a small hole. The hole in the knob and the interiorblackening P. 10. J 48. AMPHORA. suggest that this lid may have servedas cover for an P 8880. H. 0.278; D. 0.175. Almost complete. incense-burner (thymiaterion)such as H 16 or M 74. Soft, gritty, orange-buff clay; dull, red glaze P.11. J64.LID (?). (except on foot and base). Ovoidbody on ringfoot; evertedlip; plainhandles. P 8829. D. 0.079; Th. 0.012. About half preserved; Horizontal grooves at t. a. h. and b. a. h. and at restored. Soft, yellow-buffclay. juncture of neck with shoulder. Other examples of this shape are found in K 68 A small disc, stamped or mouldmade, with six and L 3; comparealso p. 31. rays in relief on the top surface.Apparentlypierced least two of at Storage, Layers I-III-fragments by a hole at the center (the clay is so soft and the similaramphorae. surface here so worn that it is not possible to be certain on this point; there might have been a low PI. 10. AMPHORA. J 49. CYLINDRICAL central knob, as on a somewhat similar piece, P P 8881. P.H. 0.177; D. 0.111. Neck and both hand16485). les missing. Buff clay, firedred at core; self-slip. Storage,Layers I-III, coarsewares-fragments of a handleless a at to false bottom pot as K 97-105, of a trefoil-mouthjug Cylindrical body, constricted similar to G 188, of at least two one-handledjars vertical handles. convex two shoulder; ring foot; similarto M 126 and of a jug as M 167. Entire body and shoulderwheel-ridged. For the shape of neck and handles,compareK 86. See also L 52. COOKING WARES
J 60. AMPHORA. P1. 11. POT. J 66. COOKING Pls. 11, 72.

Storage, Layers I-III-fragments of several jars apparently similar to P 7671 in the plumpness of clay. body; someareof red,othersof black, micaceous

P 8384. P.H. 0.47; D. 0.815. Toe and most of lip missing;lip restored.Filling hole. Soft, gritty, orange-buff clay; self-slip. Plump, ovoid body, tapering to a narrow toe; narrowneck with high lip which curves slightly inward at top. Handlesroundin section.
J 61. AMPHORA. P1. 11.

P 8388. H. 0.24; D. 0.218; D. lip 0.205. Almost complete;restored. Reddish clay, fired gray on exterior; thin fabric. Deep, wheel-ridgedbody, the base only slightly flattened. Two small, vertical handlesjust below the evertedlip. G 193. Compare
POT. J 56. COOKING P1. 11.

P 8889. P.H. 0.178; D. 0.177. Base and fragments of body missing;restored. Clayas J 66. Shape as J 55, but smaller. Pls. 11, 72. J 67. COOKING POT. P 22548.P.H. 0.115; D. 0.21; D. lip 0.206. Bottom, one handle and fragments of body missing; partly restored. Coarse,gritty, gray clay, firedred at core. J 52. AMPHORA (?) FRAGMENT, DIPINTO. P1. 59. Lower half of body wheel-ridged; two small, P 8841. Max. dim. 0.185. Two joining fragments vertical handles under the everted lip. The bottom G 194-196, K 93. rounded.Compare was presumably from the shoulderof a coarse,closed vessel.

P 8885.P.H. 0.515;D. 0.885.Lip,most of onehandle and fragmentsof shouldermissing;fillinghole ( ). Soft, very gritty, yellow-buffclay. Ovoid body on spreading, tubular foot; base convex. Tall, narrow,tapering neck; heavy handles with longitudinal groove along spine and another along one edge. The shape is similar to that of J 5 (the Hadrian amphora),but the fabricis entirely different.

GROUPJ

57

lid with plain lip; handlein form of a Conical J 58. LID. P1.11. P 8328. knob,the top of whichis concave. H. 0.075;D. 0.255-0.261. Almost complete; circular restored. Thislid fits wellthe cooking dishJ 22. brownish Coarse, gritty, clay.
OBJECTSOTHERTHANPOTTERY

J 69. LAMP.

J 64. LAMP.

P1. 45.

L 2632. Max. dim. largest fragment 0.059. Three L 2361. L. 0.087; W. 0.066; H. 0.03. Intact exof and base discus. wall, non-joiningfragments cept for chippingaroundthe filling hole. dark reddish Reddish buff clay; dull, red to brownishred glaze. dull, clay; Orange-buff glaze. From a lamp as G 143-145, G 223-225, H 21-22; Rim plain. Discus: shell pattern. From the base the relief dots are large; the center of the base and of the nozzle two volutes extend to the sides along the rim. Handle: pierced,grooved above and below. signature(if any) are missing. Perlzweig. Base: raised ring (resting surface), no signature. P1. 45. J 60. LAMP,SIGNED. Perlzweig. L 2365. L. 0.094; W. 0.064; H. 0.036. Intact exThis lamp is from the well-earth(cf. J 60). cept for two small holes in body. P1. 45. Orange-red clay, thin and brittle; dull, orange-red J 65. LAMP,SIGNED (?). L 2633. W. est. 0.08. Threenon-joiningfragments glaze. As G 143-145, G 223-225, H 21-22; the relief dots preservepart of rim, nozzleand body, includingsome on body are smallandclose-set.Handlegroovedlongi- of the base. tudinally, not made in the mould. Base: the letter Soft, gritty, yellow-buffclay. Rim: raised dots and raised panel at side. Discus alpha in relief. Perlzweig. This lamp, as also J 62, J 64 and J 66, was found plain. Nozzle raised above the level of the adjacent in the course of sifting the dried well-earth, after rim.Base: traceof a signature(?) in relief.Perlzweig. complete excavation of the shaft; it is not certain, P1.45. therefore, that these pieces belong to Layers I-III J 66. LAMP. L 2364. P.L. 0.096; W. 0.077; H. 0.033. Complete rather than to the upper, dumpedfilling. except for tip of nozzle. J 61. LAMP. P1. 45. Pinkish buff clay, self-slip. L 2634. L. rest. 0.122; W. rest. 0.077; H. rest. 0.03. Rim: bandof raiseddots. Discus: crescent.Handle: Base and much of nozzle missing; the preserved pierced,grooved above and below. Base: concentric nozzle fragmentdoes not join. Restored. ridges. Perlzweig. Pinkish buff clay; orange-red glaze. This lamp is from the well-earth(cf. J 60). Rim plain. Discus: bear to right. Volutes at base FIGURINEFRAGMENT. P1. 48. of nozzle.Handle: pierced,groovedabove. Perlzweig. J 67. TERRACOTTA T 1270. P.H. 0.097; Max. P.W. 0.043. Single fragJ 62. LAMP, SIGNED. P1. 45. ment preservesfront of body from neck to knees. L 2383. P.L. 0.084; W. 0.077; H. 0.03. Handle, Rather soft, reddish clay; traces of white paint part of discus and nozzle missing. on drapery. Hard, reddishclay; dull, reddishglaze. An elderlymale figurestandingwith knees slightly Rim plain. Discus plain and surroundedby two bent. A garment,fastenedat the left shoulder,covers grooveswhich flareout at base of nozzle into volutes. the chest and lower body. A phallus (now missing) Tripartitelug at rim on either side. Base: the letter was made separately and inserted in a hole in the alpha, incised in the clay before firing. Perlzweig. front of the body. Grandjouan. This lamp is from the well-earth(of. J 60).
J 68. BONE SPOONFRAGMENT. P1. 56.

J 63. LAMP,SIGNED.

P1. 45.

L 2631. L. 0.102; W. 0.072; H. 0.035. Fragments of base and body missing. Light reddish clay; white slip, over which an orangeglaze, much worn. Rim and discusplainand separatedby two circular grooves. Top surface of nozzle recessed below rim on rim at base level; two small, circularpunch-marks of nozzle. Handle: pierced, grooved above. Base: trace of an incuse signature.Perlzweig.

BI 318. P.L. 0.065; W. 0.034. Thehandleis missing. The shallow, ovoid bowl of a spoon, similar to M 111.
P1. 54. G 78. P.H. 0.026; D. base 0.051. A single fragment preservesthe base and part of the wall. Translucent, green glass. Froma cup (?) with flat base; obliquewall marked by four vertical indentationsas in G 42 and H 2.
J 69. GLASS VESSEL FRAGMENT.

GROUP K
MIDDLE OF 8RD CENTURY K constitutesthe fillingof DepositQ 15:1, a collecting basinanddrainin the southeast Group cornerof the Agora.1 The positionof the basinand drainin relationto the Late RomanFortificationand the Church of the Holy Apostlesis indicatedon Plate 76 (the east end of the basin touchesthe east edge of grid-square at the west edge of the Q 15). The basinwas constructed Panathenaic Way. It was designedto collectsurfacewaterwhichfloweddownfromthe south on the stone pavement;fromthe basinthe waterwas conducted by meansof a shorttributary draininto the East Branchof the GreatDrainof the Agora. whichpresumably formedpart Lying undera coveringof slabs of marbleand conglomerate, of the roadpavingabove,the collectingbasinconstitutesa rectangular pit, measuring approxim. m. 1.60 1.50 and m. wide 3.50 The walls at of the east north, deep, mately long (PI.74). pit and south werelined with largeblocksof porosand conglomerate, whilethe floorwas covered with eight re-usedmarbleroof tiles.2Fromthe westernend of the pit opensout the tributary drain,its walls, floor and cover-slabsbuilt of re-usedporos blocks; width and height of the channelare, respectively, 0.85-0.90m. and 1.00-1.30m. Westward of the pit the roofand floor of the draindrop,step-fashion, about0.35 m.; 2.80 m. west of the pit thereis an abruptdrop of 0.80 m. to what may represent an earlierdrainchannel.Froma point 5.00 m. west of the pit the drainchannelwas tunneledthroughsoft bedrock;its width and height at this point are ca. 0.60-0.80m. and 1.70-1.80m.3Inasmuch as the investigations of the GreatDrainalongthe limit of the Agorahave not been completed, it is impossible southern to enterinto a discussion of the drainage For the purposesof this study the system and the historyof its construction. is the date at whichthe easternend of the system went only importantaspect of the problem out of use and was filledwith debris. In the excavationof basin and drainseverallayers of fillingwere noted: at the bottom of both, a thick layer of coarse,water-washed gravel; above this, in the basin only, 0.50 m. of sandandgravelwhichcontained very little pottery;at a higherlevel in basinand drain,a thick layer of sand containinglarge quantitiesof brokenpottery (the objects cataloguedhere as GroupK); at the top, a layer of gravelin the basin and of mud and sand in the drain.The in the drainchannelover the lowest gravellayer suggeststhat the presenceof brokenbedrock naturalroofof the drain,between5.60 m. and 9.00 m. west of the basin,collapsedand put the out of use. Subsequently the basinand drain moreeasterlysectionof the system permanently werefilledwith debrisconsistingof householdrubbish4overthis, sand and gravelwashedin, fillingthe system to the top.
1 The basin was excavated between June 8 and 17, 1938; the drain leading westward from the basin was excavated May 20 to June 3, 1986. 2 Hesperia, IV, 1935, p. 337, fig. 24. Five of the tiles were subsequently removed and inventoried: A 1123-1124, A 1917-1919. 3 It is possible that the tunnel originally was triangular in its vertical cross-section. 4 The predominance of table ware over kitchen ware and the infrequence of water jars (such as characterize well and cistern deposits) are noticeable.

GROUP K

59

The date at which the debriswas throwninto the system can, fortunately,be fixed within relativelycloselimits. In the basin,belowthe layer of sandand pottery,werefoundsomeforty bronzecoins;5 these indicate as a terminuspost quem for the layer above a date in the 3rd For (becauseof the upperlimit) in the first quarterof that century.6 century,and presumably K a turn we must to marble head of which one antequem the terminus 144, portrait part, the Thejoininghead fragment bust proper,was foundin the collectingbasin,in the debrisfilling.7 in the was foundnear by, built into the Late RomanFortification. This wall was constructed late 3rd century,after the Heruliansack of 267;8 it is apparent, however,fromthe damageto the surfaceand the wear of the brokenedges of the head of K 144, that this fragmentof the into the wall. portraitmust have been exposedto wearfor sometime beforeit was incorporated On the otherhand, the brokenedges of the bust fragmentare cleanand sharp,indicatingthat it foundits way into the collectingbasinnot long after the portraitwas fractured.Thesefacts the bust fragmentof suggestthat the debrisfillingof the collectingbasinand drain(including K 144) was depositedeitherat the time of the Heruliansackor priorto it; but sincemuchof the pottery of GroupK is good quality householdware such as was probablyused with care for many years beforediscard,we may perhapssuggestthat the materialin GroupK represents typical householdequipmentof ca. 250. An examinationof the pottery from the collectingbasin and the drain reveals complete betweenthe two fills, althoughactualjoins betweenfragments fromthe basinand homogeneity othersfrom the drainhave not been observed.In the followingcatalogue,those pieceswhich derivefrom the collectingbasin are indicatedby the letter B addedin parentheses after the cataloguenumber;those fromthe drainare indicatedby the letter D.
Of these, twenty are of the Imperial period, as follows: Athenian Imperial, 3rd cent. (cf. Svoronos, Ath., pl. 86, no. 8; for obv., Hesperia, II, 1933, pp. 273-274, class Va). Athenian Imperial, 3rd cent. (cf. Svoronos, Ath., pl. 83, no. 14; for obv., Hesperia, loc. cit., class VI). Athenian Imperial, second half of 2nd cent. (cf. Svoronos, Ath., pl. 85, no. 13; for obv., Hesperia, loc. cit., class Ia). Athenian Imperial, second half of 2nd cent. (cf. Svoronos, Ath., pl. 90, no. 17). Athenian Imperial, second half of 2nd cent. (cf. Svoronos, Ath., pl. 82, no. 38). Athenian Imperial, second half of 2nd cent. (cf. Svoronos, Ath., pl. 99, no. 27; for obv., Hesperia, loc. cit., class Va). Athenian Imperial, Hadrianic (? cf. Svoronos, Ath., pl. 90, no. 13; for obv., Hesperia, loc. cit., class IVa). Athenian Imperial, Hadrianic (cf. Svoronos, Ath., pl. 83, no. 5; for obv., Hesperia, loc. cit., class Va). Athenian Imperial, Hadrianic (cf. Svoronos, Ath., pl. 90, no. 9). Athenian Imperial, first half of 1st cent. (cf. Svoronos, Ath., pl. 93, no. 45). Athenian Imperial, first half of 1st cent. (cf. Svoronos, Ath., pl. 88, no. 8; for obv., Hesperia, loG.cit., class Ia). Athenian Imperial, first half of 1st cent. (cf. Svoronos, Ath., pl. 87, no. 40). Athenian Imperial (cf. Svoronos, Ath., pl. 88, no. 23). Athenian Imperial (cf. Svoronos, Ath., pl. 89, no. 21). Athenian Imperial (of. Svoronos, Ath., pl. 97, no. 40). Athenian Imperial (fractional issue) (of. Svoronos, Ath., pl. 93, no. 30). Athenian Imperial (fractional issue) (of. Svoronos, Ath., pl. 97, no. 42). Athenian Imperial (fractional issue) (cf. Svoronos, Ath., pl. 97, no. 41). Athenian Imperial (fractional issue) (of. Svoronos, Ath., pl. 88, no. 51). Athenian Imperial (fractional issue) (cf. Svoronos, Ath., pl. 93, no. 23). 6 Eight coins were found in the basin and drain at levels above the pottery deposit; of these, only three are significant for purposes of chronology: Vandal (not otherwise identifiable). Arcadius, 383-408, as Thompson, Coins, no. 1553. Roman, 4th century (not otherwise identifiable). 7 Harrison, Sculpture, no. 7. 8 See above, p. 3.
5

60

THE ATHENIAN AGORA: POTTERY OF THE ROMAN PERIOD

FINE (IMPORTED) WARES9

Pis. 12, 64. K 1 (B). RED WAREPLATE. P 8059. H. 0.047; D. 0.355. Fragmentary; restored. Fine, hard, brick-red clay; thin, brittle fabric; dull, brick-red glaze (partial). K 2 (B). RED WARE PLATE. P1. 64. P 2278. H. 0.048; D. est. 0.245. Fragmentary. Fine, hard, orange-red clay; thin, brittle fabric; dull, orange-red glaze (partial). Shape as K 1, but smaller. Storage, Basin-fragments of two similar plates (H. 0.084, D. est. 0.19; H. 0.041, D. est. 0.26). Pls. 12, 64. K 3 (B).-RED WAREBOWL. P 8060. H. 0.052; D. rest. 0.886. Fragmentary, center of floor missing; restored. Fine, hard, orange-red clay; fabric less thin than in K 1-2. Dull, red glaze. On the broad, horizontal rim, a circular band of rouletting enclosed by grooves; another band of rouletting on the floor. Storage, Basin-fragments of another similar bowl. K 4 (B). MOULDED PLATTER FRAGMENT. Pls. 12, 68. P 20654. Max. dim. 0.058; Th. 0.009. Small rim fragment with trace of the wall. Hard, gray-buff clay with some grits; dull, blackish brown glaze. The corer of the everted, horizontal rim of a square or rectangular platter; the wall, probably low, slopes away from the rim toward the interior. The rim decorated with a relief pattern of tendrils and rosettes enclosed by rectilinear ridges. The undersurface of the rim slightly rough.
9 The Roman Red Ware, which occurs in K 1-3, has often been referred to as "Late Roman A" (Waag6, Agora, pp. 294-296; more recently, Jones, Tarsus, I, pp. 203-206, with bibliography in note 160) and has so been brought into association with fabrics termed "Late Roman B, C and D" (Waag6, Agora, pp. 296-308). It is apparent, however, from the geographic distribution of these alphabetic fabrics that only "A" and "B" have common parentage, while "C" and "D" are quite distinct. The former, moreover, are imported into Athens, perhaps from Egypt or North Africa, and "C" ware may be imported from the eastern Mediterraneanarea, while "D" ware is a local Attic product. For more ready identification of the several wares, the following nomenclature has been adopted in the study of the Agora material: "Late Roman B" "Late Roman C" (LateRoman) Red Ware (as K -3) (Late Roman) Stamped Ware (as M 350)

Similar shapes are well known in metal and in Late Roman Red Ware. The rim of the silver CorbridgeLanx in the British Museumis rather similar to K 4 (J.R.S., IV, 1914, frontisp.;dated in the late 4th century by Dohrn, Mitt. des deut.arch.Inst., II, 1949, pp. 116-117); see also the silver Risley Lanx, Dohrn, op. cit., pp. 117-118. Red Ware platters: Wace, Bull. de la soc. roy. d'archMol. d'Alexandrie, no. 87, 1948, pp. 47-57; Cat. du MusdeAlaoui, 2e suppl., p. 806, no. 1131, pl. XX,3. Storage, Drain, fine wares-worn fragments of two SamianA vessels; these are not sufficientlylarge or numerous to be consideredas an indication that Samianware continuedin use to so late a date as the Srd century.
MISCELLANEOUS GLAZED AND NON-GLAZED WARES

5 (D). PLATE, STAMPED. Pls. 36, 68. P 8499. H. 0.04; D. 0.138. Almost complete. Rathersoft, yellowishbuffclay; dull,reddishglaze, much worn (partial).Base left rough from wheel (as also on K 6-12). Plate with flat floorand low, obliquewall; heavy, vertical rim with pronounced overhang.At center of floor a device-stamp:eight-petalledrosette (similar to that on K 6, but not from the identical die). This plate, together with K 6-12, represents a group of stamped plates, apparentlyof local fabric, which occur commonlyin 3rd century pre-Herulian fills. J 30 is anotherrepresentativeof the group. Storage,Basin and Drain-fragments of numerous similarplates, includingone identicalwith K 9.
K

P1.86. K 6 (D). PLATE, STAMPED. P 8500. H. 0.037; D. est. 0.135. Fragmentary. Clay, glaze and shape as K 5. Stamp similar to that on K 5 but not from the identical die.
K 7 (D). PLATE, STAMPED. Pls. 12, 36. P 8501. H. 0.082; D. 0.129. Almost complete. Hard, reddish clay; dull, blackish glaze (partial). Shape as K 6. Stamp: eight-petalledrosette with dots betweenthe tips of the petals.

P1.36. K 8 (B). PLATE STAMPED. P 22878. H. 0.088; D. 0.125. Fragmentary. Soft, orange-buff clay; dull, reddishglaze (partial). K as 5. Stamp: eight-petalledrosette. Shape

D" = "Late Rroman D Late Roman

Ware (as L 59-61, M 289) these late Roman wares will appear in the of studies Separate second volume of this work.

Pls. 12, 36. K 9 (B). PLATE, STAMPED. P 3063. H. 0.038; D. 0.142. Almost complete; Painted Late Roman) Ware restored. (Local (as K 17, 19-28, 33, 58-61) Coarse,rather soft, orange clay; dull, red glaze (Local Late Roman) Stamped
(partial). Shape as K 6. Stamp: cross with dots between the arms.

GROUP K
K 10 (D).
PLATE, STAMPED.

61

P1. 86.

P 22881. Max. dim. 0.081. Fragment of floor and wall. Rather soft, yellow-buffclay; dull, brownishblack glaze (partial). From a plate as K 5. Stamp (incomplete): a crescent-shapedobject with incurving tips and a diamond-shapedpoint between the tips (the same stamp on K 11; cf. the rim ornament on the lamp [K 132]). K 11 (D). PLATE, STAMPED. P1. 86. P 22888. Max. dim. 0.053. Floor fragment. Buff clay; dull, black glaze. Shape as K 5. Stamp (incomplete):as K 10.

the medallion, an inscriptionin white paint: [-]e. L 63. lera.[ls]. Compare The medallion is closely paralleledin the discus ornament of contemporarylamps, as Agora L 1015 (P1.86; see also Broneer,Lamps,nos. 1216-1288 and pl. XVIII). For other convivialinscriptionssee K 19, K 33, K 68(?), M 146-148, M 190 (P1.57).
K 18 (B). BOWL. P1. 12.

K 12 (D). PLATE. K 19 (B). PAINTED WARE BOWL, INSCRIPTION. P 8502. H. 0.087; D. 0.185. Intact. Pls. 57, 69. Soft, pinkishbuff clay, much worn; traces of dull, P H. ca. D. 0.286. 3097. 0.11; red glaze (partial). Fragmentary;restored. Shape as K 5. Stamp (if any) worn away. Rather coarse, orange-buffclay with grits; dull, K 13 (B). PLATE. P1. 68. dark reddish glaze (partial),fired black in part. P 8065. H. 0.058; D. 0.28. Almost complete; bowl with oblique wall on ring foot; high, Deep restored. vertical rim. Two horizontal, ribbon handles, with Rather soft, gritty, pinkish buff clay; dull, dark double longitudinal grooving, applied to the rim. red glaze (partial). Groovesat top and bottom of rim on exterior; two Shape as K 5 but larger; the base is finished;no concentricgrooves at center of floor. On the rim, an stamp on floor. CompareG 176-177, J 32, L 1. c0, KO<iy&p Ei. inscriptionin white paint: [8]iyaoi The was executed inscription apparently by the same K 14 (D). PLATE. hand as that on K 33. On the handles,verticalstripes P 8503. H. 0.048; D. 0.205. Intact. of white paint. Comparethe phrase pi hf Sya in a Rather coarse,soft, orange-buff clay; dull, reddish graffito on a Boeotian jug in Berlin (Furtwingler, glaze (partial). im Antiquarium, der Vasensammlung Beschreibung As K 13 but smaller. Berlin, 1886, no. 4087). Bowls such as K 19-25, 26-27 and 28, partly K 15 (B). PLATE. and with decoration in white paint on the glazed P 8066.H. 0.045; D. 0.211. Fragmentary;restored. are commonin 3rd century, pre-Herulian fills. rims, Rather soft, buff clay; dull, dark reddish glaze Similar decoration(either as inscriptionsor as dec(partial). orative patterns) occurson other shapes of pottery, Shape as K 13 but smaller. both open and closed vessels, in the 3rd and the 4th K 16 (B). PLATE. centuries (cf. J 19, K 17, K 33, K 58-61, L 24-25, P 3064. H. 0.08; D. 0.85. Fragmentary;restored. M 145-149,M 158,M190-191,M209-211,M 213-215). Rather soft, buff clay; dull, brownishblack glaze The local Attic origin of Late Roman Painted Ware is indicated by the discovery in the AgoraExcava(partial). tions of kiln wastersof this fabric.A separate study as K but There no was 13, Shape larger. probably of the Painted Waresof the Agorawill appear in the on the it unless was off-center. floor, stamp impressed second volume of this work. K 17 (B). MEDALLION BOWL, PAINTED INSCRIPTION. Storage, Basin and Drain--numerous fragments Pls. 86, 57, 68. of bowls similar to K 19-27. P 2425. H. 0.049; D. 0.247. Fragmentary;half of K 20 (B). PAINTED WAREBOWL. Pls. 12, 87, 42. medallionmissing. P reddish 3099. H. Gritty, yellow-buff clay; dull, 0.108; D. 0.232. Almost complete; glaze restored. (partial). Buff clay; dull, dark reddish to brownish glaze Deep bowl with small, flat base and obliquewall; the lip curvesinward.At the center of the floor, sur- (partial). rounded by two concentric grooves, an appliqu6 Shape as K 19. On the rim, a horizontal floral medallion:lion crouchingto r. On the floor, around pattern in white paint.

P 3067. H. 0.058; D. 0.227. Fragmentary; restored. dark reddish dull, Gritty, orange-redclay; glaze (partial). Fabric and glaze very similar to those of K36. Shape as K 17, but without appliquemedallionor interior grooves. No inscription. A groove outlines the small, flat base.

62

THE ATHENIAN AGORA: POTTERY OF THE ROMAN PERIOD

P1. 37. K 27 (B). PAINTED WARE BOWL. P1. 12. P 3103. H. 0.114; D. 0.241. Almostcomplete; P 2274. H. ca. 0.114; D. 0.239. Almost complete. Rather coarse, buff clay with grits; dull, purplish center of floormissing;restored. brownto reddishglaze (partial). Coarse, gritty, buff clay; dull, reddish glaze at concentric K three as 19; grooves deep (partial),almost completelyworn away. Shape center of floor. On the rim, horizontalfloral pattern Shapeas K 26. The handlesaffixedas on K 22. On in white paint; dots of white paint along top of rim. the rim, faint traces of decoration in white paint (patternuncertain). K 21 (B). PAINTED WAREBOWL. BOWL. WARE K 22 (B). PAINTED P1. 12.

P 3102. H. ca. 0.109; D. 0.258. Almost complete. Buff to pinkish buff clay with grits; dull, reddish glaze (partial),fired black in part on exteriorof rim. Shape as K 19; grooves on floor as K 21. The horizontalhandlesare affixed to the rim at the ends and center only; between these points the handle stands away from the rim in two loops. On the rim, decorationin white paint consistingof vertical floral patternsalternatingand linked with spirals(rotating clockwise toward center). A similar pattern occurs on AgoraP 4592, a deep bowl with free-movingring handle looped throughvertical handle (P1.37).
BOWL. K 23 (B). PAINTED WARE P 3100. H. 0.124; D. 0.273. Almost complete; restored. Buff clay with grits; dull, reddish glaze (partial), fired black in part on exterior. Shape as K 19; two deep, conceitric grooves at centerof floor. On the rim, in white paint, a band of "reversedS" pattern (cf. K 25). BOWL. WARE K 24 (B). PAINTED PI. 37.

BOWL. WARE K 28 (D). PAINTED

P1. 12.

P 8496. H. rest. 0.182; D. rest. 0.396. Parts of wall and rim, including one handle, preserved; restoredwith ring foot on the basis of smallerbowls with similarrims such as K 19-27. Rather soft, orange-buff clay; dull, red glaze (partial),much worn. Shape as K 26, but much larger; grooves on rim and handles as K 19. The handles are affixed as on K 22, with the addition, at the central point, of a with wide verticalloop handle,markedlongitudinally in white five grooves.Onthe rim, tracesof decoration paint (spirals ?).
K 29 (B). BOWL. P1. 12.

P 3096. H. 0.095; D. 0.22. Almost complete. clay; dull, red glaze (partial). Orange-buff Bowl similarto K 19-28, but with a pronounced, sharp flange at the base of the rim; on its outer surface the rim is convex and marked by a groove near top. No handles. No certain traces of painted decoration.

P 3098. H. ca. 0.135; D. 0.28. Almost complete. K 30 (B). BOWL. Clay and glaze as K 23. restored. P 3094.H. 0.102; D. 0.255.Fragmentary; Shape as K 19; grooves on floor as K 23. On the to mottled gray purplish gray-buff Gray-buff clay rim, in white paint, a horizontal floral pattern; on interior; brownish black much glaze (partial), verticalstripesof white on the handles. worn. As K 29. Probably had no handles. No traces of 37. BOWL. WARE K 25 (B). PAINTED P1. P 3101. H. est. 0.135; D. 0.307. Fragmentary, painted decoration. center of floor missing; foot fragmentdoes not join K 31 P1. 12. (B). BOWL. body. restored. P 3095.H. 0.135; D. 0.322.Fragmentary; Clay and glaze as K 23. with buff dark Rather grits; dull, coarse, clay Shape as K 19; traces of one circulargroove at to black brown glaze (partial). centerof floor. On the rim, in white paint, a band of As K 29. No certain traces of painted decoration. "reversedS" pattern (as on K 23). P1.69. K 32 (B). BOWL, GOUGEDDECORATION. BOWL. K 26 (D). PAINTED WARE 0.32. D. est. P.H. P 22372. 0.065; P 8495. H. 0.116; D. 0.267. Almost complete; Fragments lip of rim and wall only. restored. Pinkish buff clay with grits; dull, reddish glaze glaze, clay with grits; dull, orange-red Orange-red worn. much of (partial),fired brownishblack in part on exterior rim. Shape, as far as preserved,as K 19. Grooveson and on horizontal ribbon handle. On the rim, rim horizontal a is slight Shape as K 19, but there in the form of a band of diagonalgouge decoration as on floor flange at the base of the rim; grooves marks. floral horizontal K 21. On the rim, in white paint, Storage,Basinand Drain-fragments of two similar pattern, much worn, probably similar to that on bowls with gouged decoration;also fragments of a K21.

GROUP K
large jug with high narrow neck and gouged decoration(groupsof wavy diagonallines) on the body. note to M 115. Compare
K 33 (D). PAINTED WARE BOWL, INSCRIPTION. P1. 57.

68

brownish on Clayandglazeas K 36; the glazefired as a result of stacking in thekiln. upper partofexterior Shapeas K 36.
K 38 (B). PLATE.

P 22383. P.H. 0.052; D. lip est. 0.125. Fragment of rim and wall only. Gray-buffclay with grits; brownishblack glaze, much worn. From a smallbowl similarin profileto K 19; three groovesat top and one wide grooveat bottom of rim. Probably had one vertical loop handle, grooved longitudinally (as do similar pieces from other contexts). On the rim, an inscription in white paint: [--Z[l]a]s ?Ei[--]; white dots on top of rim. The inscription apparently executed by the same hand as that on K 19. For the shape comparealso M 211. Storage, Basin and Drain - fragments of several similarbowls with painted ornamenton the rim.

P 22369.H. 0.046; D. 0.291. Almostcomplete; restored. red glaze, fired Gritty,buff clay; dull, purplish blackon baseandlowerpartof exterior. as K 36. Shape
K 39 (B). PLATE.

P 2279.H. 0.045;D. 0.215.Fragmentary; restored. Orange-buff clay; dull,reddish glaze. Shapeas K 36.
K 40 (D). PLATE.

P 22380. H. 0.027; D. rest. 0.16. Fragmentary; restored. Soft, yellow-buff clay; dull, brownish red glaze DEEP RING 12. HANDLES. P1. (partial). BOWL, [K 34]. Shape as K 36. P 13607.Deposit P 19 :1 (firsthalf of 3rd century). H. 0.166; D. 0.274. Almost complete. K 41 (B). PLATE. P1. 69. Reddishbuffclay; dull,redglaze,unevenlyapplied. P 22375. H. 0.037; D. est. 0.295. Two non-joining Plump-bodiedbowl with flat floor and false ring of floor and wall; center of floor missing. foot; the wall, rounded in the lower half, contracts fragments Orange-buff clay with grits; dull, orange-red glaze at the top to an everted, horizontallip. Grooveson (partial). the top of the lip and at intervals aroundthe body. Threevertical band handles,each markedby a single K 42 (B). BOWL. P1. 69. longitudinalgroove; througheach handle is attached P 3093. H. 0.052; D. 0.12. Almost complete; a free-moving ring handle (D. 0.057), similarly restored. grooved. Rather soft, yellow-buffclay; dull, reddishbrown Storage, Drain--a ring handle from a bowl such glaze (partial). as P 13607. Bowl similarto K 19-26, but smaller;no handles. Groove at top of rim. K 35 (D). PLATE. P1. 69. Storage, Basin and Drain - fragments of three P 8506. H. 0.045; D. 0.224. Almost complete. bowls similarto K 42-45. rathersoft, buff clay; dull, black to reddish Coarse, brownglaze (partial). K 43 (D). BOWL. P1. 12. A plate with flat floorreminiscentof the Pergamene P 8497. H. 0.046; D. 0.119. Almost complete; plate F 3. restored. Storage, Basin and Drain--fragments of at least Clay, glaze and shape as K 42. six plates of similarshape but of smallersize. K 44 (D). BOWL. P1.12. K 36 (B). PLATE. P1. 69. P 8498. H. 0.055; D. 0.118. Intact. P 3062. H. 0.049; D. 0.279. Fragmentary;restored. Clay, glaze and shape as K 42. Rather soft, gritty, orange-redclay; dull, reddish to reddishorangeglaze. Fabricand glaze very similar K 45 (D). BOWL. to those of K 18. P 8504. H. rest. 0.05; D. 0.11. Foot missing; restored. Shape as J 33. Storage, Basin and Drain-fragments of many Hard, brownishbuff clay; dull, dark brownglaze plates similar to K 36-40, ranging in diameter (partial). between 0.29 and 0.16. The plates are generally Shape as K 42, but the rim tilts inward. warpedin firing so that dimensionsvary at different K 46 (D). BOWL. P1. 12. points of the circumference. P 8494. H. 0.052; D. 0.108. Fragmentary; restored. K 37 (B). PLATE. Gray-buffclay; dull, black glaze (partial). P 8061. H. 0.046; D. 0.285. Fragmentary; restored. Shape as K 29-31, but much smaller.

64

THE ATHENIAN AGORA: POTTERY OF THE ROMAN PERIOD

P1. 12.

K 54 (D). Cup. P1.13. P 8491. H. 0.052; D. 0.076. Complete. P 8493. H. 0.041; D. 0.084. Intact. Rather coarse,buff clay; dull, reddishglaze. Base Rather soft, buff clay; dull, brownishbuff glaze left roughfrom the wheel. (partial). Smallbowlwith flaringwall and flat base; vertical, Cup with flat base, roundedwall and evertedlip. Two grooves around body at point of maximum flangedrim. diameter.Compare M 143-144. K 48 (B). BOWL. P1. 69. Storage, Basin and Drain--fragments of three P 3068.H. 0.055; D. 0.225. Fragmentary; restored. similar cups, two of which are larger than K 54 Buff clay with grits; dull, dark reddish glaze (D. 0.12 and 0.14). (partial).Carelesslymade and irregular. Shallow bowl on ring foot; everted lip. Two K 55 P1. 13. (B). Cup. concentricgroovesat center of floor. P 2275. H. 0.043; D. 0.079. Almost complete; A smaller version of this shape occurs in other restored. contexts, as [L 2]. contemporary Reddish buff clay; dull, reddish glaze. Base left K 49 (D). BOWL. rough from the wheel. P 8505.H. 0.058; D. 0.213. Fragmentary; restored. Shape as K 54, but body is angular rather than Hard, rather coarse, gray-buff clay, mottled to rounded. purplish gray on interior; dull, black to purplish K 56 (B). CuP. P1.13. black glaze (partial). as K 48. P 22378. H. 0.039; D. est. 0.08. Fragmentary. Shape Buff clay; dull, black glaze. Base left rough from K 50 (D). BOWL. P1.69. the wheel. P 22382. H. 0.043; D. est. 0.26. Two non-joining Cupwith obliquewall and flat base; high vertical fragments preserve the complete profile except for rim. Grooveon exteriorbelow lip. center of floor. Reddish buff clay; dull, dark red glaze, fired K 57 (D). Cup. P1. 13. brownishred on exterior. P 22390. H. 0.04; D. est. 0.11. Fragmentary. K 51 (B). BOWL. P1. 13. Soft, yellowishbuff clay. Base left roughfrom the wheel. P 3069. H. 0.05; D. 0.086. Fragmentary;restored. Buff clay, thin fabric; dull, reddish glaze, fired Cup with flaring wall and flat base; vertical lip. black on exterior of rim. Round-bodiedbowl on ring foot; plain lip. K 58 (B). JUG, PAINTED INSCRIPTION (?) P1. 13. P H. D. 22377. 0.104; 0.092. Fragmentary, handle K 52 (D). Cup. P1. 13. restored. missing; P 8492. H. 0.069; D. 0.072. Intact except for small Buff to reddish buff clay; dull, brown to reddish hole in wall. brownglaze (partial). Rather soft, buff clay; dull, purplish to black Globular jug on small ring foot; the rim flaresout glaze. to a plain lip. Body lightly wheel-ridged. There Ovoid body on small, conical foot with flat base. to be traces of a painted inscriptionaround One groove at lip and two at point of maximum appear the body: [--]lpE [- -]. diameter.No handles. For other "nmotto jugs" see M 145-148, M 190. This shape is apparentlya revival of a Hellenistic Suchjugs normallyhave a smoothbody and a groove skyphos shape as seen in P 18707 (P1.39 - Deposit on the resting surfaceof the foot (suchas occursalso M 21:1 - late 3rdto early2nd centuryB.C.).Compare on K 59). H 14, K 53, M 162. K 53 (D). CuP. P1.13. P1. 13. K 59 (B). PAINTED WAREJUG. P 22389. H. 0.075; D. rest. 0.13. Fragmentary; P 3071. H. 0.143; D. 0.126. Fragmentary,handle restored. missing; restored. Rather coarse, gray-buff clay with streaks of Rather coarse,buff clay; dull, purplishblackglaze blackglaze, muchworn. (partial). purplishgray; dull,brownish Globular Cupon high ring foot; floorslightly concave;wall jug on flat base,grooveon restingsurface. rounded and terminates in high, flaring rim; two Verticalrim markedby two groovesat juncturewith body. On the body, spirals executed in white paint, groovesat base of rim on exterior. This shape is apparentlya revival of a Hellenistic apparentlyrotating alternately clockwiseand counH 14, K 62, M 162. terclockwisetowardcenter. cup as D 5 and E 88. Compare
K 47 (D). BOWL.

GROUP K

65

MOUTH. P1. 13. K 60 (D). PAINTED WAREJUG. P1.87. [K 67]. JUG, TREFOIL P 9402. Deposit J 18:2 (firsthalf of 3rd century). P 22391. P.H. 0.082; D. est. 0.145. Fragmentary; H. 0.162; D. 0.118. Intact except for front of lip; foot and lower body missing. restored. Pinkish buff clay; dull, reddishglaze. Soft, yellow-buffclay; dull, brownishglaze (parShape as K 59 as far as preserved;sliced handle. Decorationin white paint: on the body, horizontal tial), much worn. Globularbody on small, high ring foot; broad, floralpattern; on the handle, horizontalstripes. grooved handle. Three grooves at juncture of neck K 61 (D). PAINTED WAREJUG. P1.37. and body, anotherat b.a.h. P 8490. H. 0.073; D. 0.065. Intact except for Storage,Basin and Drain-fragments of two jugs handle, which is restored. apparentlysimilarto P 9402. Buff clay; dull, purplishglaze (partial); base left rough from the wheel. K 68 (B). AMPHORA. P1. 13. Globularbody on low, flat base; vertical rim set P 3072.H. 0.255; D. 0.17. Fragmentary, one handle off from body by a ridge. Decorationin white paint restored. on the body: linked spirals rotating alternately missing; dark buff Hard, clay; reddish brown glaze (parclockwise and counterclockwise toward center. tial). the shape of J 10. Compare Ovoidbody on ring foot; everted,rolledlip; ridged handles. Two grooves at t.a.h., three at juncture of PI. 13. K 62 (D). JUG, ROUND MOUTH. neck and J 48, L 3. body, one at b.a.h. Compare P 8507. H. 0.118; D. 0.102. Almost complete; restored. K 69 (D). MINIATUREJUG, TREFOIL MOUTH P1. 13. Buff clay, self-slip; dull, black glaze (partial). P 8488. H. rest. 0.08; D. 0.062. Handle and part Globular,wheel-ridgedbody on ring foot. Flaring of lip missing; restored. rim set off from body by heavy ridges. Slicedhandle. Rather soft, yellow-buff clay with grits; dull, J 20-21. Compare brown The base left roughfrom the wheel. glaze. Storage,Basin and Drain-fragments of numerous Plump, piriform,wheel-ridged body with flat base; similarjugs. trefoil mouth. K 63 (D). JUG, ROUND MOUTH. For other miniaturevases see H 14. P 8508. H. 0.14; D. 0.121. Almost complete; Storage, Basin and Drain-fragments of six or more other miniature vessels: a trefoil mouth jug, restored. Rather soft, coarse, buff clay; dull, reddish glaze jars as K 71, etc. (partial). K 70 (D). MINIATURE JUG, TREFOIL As K 62; groove on resting surfaceof foot. MOUTH PI. 13. P 8489. H. rest. 0.069; D. 0.07. Part of lip missing; K 64 (D). JUG, ROUND MOUTH. P1. 13. restored. P 8510. H. 0.125; D. 0.099. Fragmentary,handle Rather soft, gritty, pinkishbuff clay; dull, brownmissing; restored. ish black glaze, much worn. The base left rough Bather coarse,soft, pinkish-buff clay; dull, reddish from the wheel. brownglaze (partial),much worn. As K 69, but the point of maximum diameteris As K 62-63, but the body is ovoid and the ridges much higheron the body. at the base of the rim are more pronounced. P1. 13. K 65 (D). JUG, ROUND MOUTH. P1.13. K 71 (D). MINIATUREJAR. P H. 8517. 0.093; D. 0.054. The lip is chipped. P 8509.H. rest. 0.14; D. 0.11. Fragmentary,handle Rather soft, gritty, pinkish buff clay; partly and lip missing; restored. Rather soft, buff clay with grits; dull, brownish blackenedby fire. The base left roughfromthe wheel. Ovoid,wheel-ridged body taperingto a small, flat glaze (partial). handles. No M 116. base; plain lip. Compare as J 35 and M 155; compareL 4. Shape

K 66 (B). JUG, ROUND MOUTH. P1. 18. P 22371. P.H. 0.082; D. lip 0.055. Fragmentary, foot and most of body missing; partly restored. Fine, soft, pinkishbuff clay; dull, reddishglaze. From a jug with sloping shoulder; high neck, swelling toward the lip. Small everted lip, undercut on exterior.Ridged handle.
6

K 72 (B). MINIATUREJAR. P1. 13. P 2424. P.H. 0.059; D. 0.059. Top of neck missing. Rather soft, yellowish buff clay; dull, brown to black glaze inside and out, much worn. Round, wheel-ridgedbody on flat base; the body indented at four points (cf. G 42, H 2, J 69). Wide neck, with two horizontalgrooves. No handles.

66
[K 73].

THE ATHENIAN AGORA: POTTERY OF THE ROMAN PERIOD

MINIATURE POT, BASKET HANDLE.

ment of the jug handle (apparentlyunpublished;the number 169 is written on the fragment;P.H. 0.095). P 14920. Deposit N 17:1 (middleof 3rd century). H. 0.058; Max. W. at lip 0.087. Complete. COARSE HOUSEHOLD WARES Gritty, buff clay; self-slip. Smallpot with flat bottom, roundedwall and plain K 78 (B). BASIN. P1. 13. lip. The lip and body indented at two points by the P ca. 3108. H. D. ca. 0.284. 0.255; Fragmentary; attachments of a basket handle (the lip as a result is oval in plan). The handle grooved longitudinally; restored. Gritty, micaceous, reddish buff clay; thin, dull, pairs of horizontalgrooveson body below lip and at reddish glaze on interior.Thin fabric. mid-point. Flat base; high, oblique wall; plain, everted rim, Storage, Drain-fragments of a pot similar to flat on top. Body wheel-ridged.It is unlikely that P 14920. Glazedas well as non-glazedspecimensof this basin or K 79-80 had handles. CompareG 187. this shape occur in other 3rd century contexts (as Storage,Drain-fragments of many basins similar AgoraP 13869, 13870,from Deposit S 19:1). to K 78-80. K 74 (D). SMALL POT. P1. 13. P1. 13. P 8518. H. 0.11; D. 0.069. Fragmentary;restored. K 79 (B). BASIN. P H. ca. W. 3107. Max. at rest. 0.255; 0.325; Rather soft, orange-buff lip clay. Piriform body on flat base; the neck terminates Min.W. at lip rest. 0.28. Half of rim and part of body in a slightly flaring,thickenedlip. No handles. missing; restored. Slightly micaceous,reddish clay with grits; thin, K 75 (B). LIQUEUR CUP. P1. 13. dull, reddish glaze on interior. P 2423. H. 0.04; D. 0.047. Tip of handle missing; As K 78 but less carefully made and so warped restored. that the lip is oval in plan. Rather coarse,buff clay. Base left roughfrom the K 80 (B). BASIN. P1. 14. wheel. P 3109. H. ca. 0.106; D. 0.355. Fragmentary; Cup with flat base, concavewall profileand plain handle restored. Small, lip. pierced lug projects horizontally L 56, M 117 and the liqueur near the base. Compare Light reddishclay with grits. as and Flat base; low, oblique wall; everted lip, flat on handle 38. with 215 J G cups high-set of more at least three top and slopingdown to exterior.Body wheel-ridged. Storage, Basin-fragments similarcups.
P1. 13.

K 76 (D). CLAYSTAND(?). P1. 50. MC905. H. 0.065; W. rest. 0.052. Incomplete;full height preserved;restored. Buff to reddishbuff clay; dull, brownishred glaze. A stand (?) of semicircularplan with three small knobs projecting from the lip. On the exterior, groovesat top and bottomof the wall. Therestoration is based upon MC 603, a complete specimenfrom a late 2nd centurylevel in Deposit S 21:3.
K 77 (B). PLASTICVASEFRAGMENT. P1. 13.

K 81 (B). BASIN.

P1. 18.

P 2422. H. 0.245; D. 0.265. Complete. Rather gritty, reddish clay, fired yellow-buff at surfaceon exterior. Similar to K 78-79, but the wall is constricted belowthe mid-point;the rim, curvedon top, projects both to interiorand to exterior.Body wheel-ridged. Two horizontal ribbon handles applied below the rim and pressed up at center so as to touch undersurfaceof rim.
K 82 (B). JUG, TREFOIL MOUTH. P1. 14.

P 22874. P.H. 0.06; W. at mouth 0.044. Mouthof vase and part of left side of head preserved. Brownish buff clay; thin, brownish black glaze with faint metallicluster. Madein a two-partmould, the seams extending vertically throughthe face and the back of the skull. Possibly from a smalljug in the form of a negroid (?) head with curly hair. The round mouth and lip of the vase project from the top of the skull. It is equallypossiblethat the piece comesfromthe plastic neck of a large wheelmadejug; in the British Museum thereis a neck fragmentof such a jug, moulded into the formof a male head very similarto K 77-at the back of the head are traces of the upper attach-

P 2278. H. 0.20; D. 0.129. Almost complete; restored. Yellowishbuff clay with grits, self-slip. Ovoidbody on ring foot; neck set off fromshoulder at an angle. Everted lip with groove on inner edge. Handle, groovedlongitudinally, rises above lip and is attached behind lip, indenting the latter slightly. One groove at b.a.h., two at mid-point of neck and three at junctureof neck and shoulder.Body lightly G 189. wheel-ridged. Compare
K 83 (B). JUG, TREFOIL MOUTH. PI. 14.

P 2420.H. 0.188; D. 0.136. Fragmentary; restored. Buff clay with grits, self-slip.

GROUP K
As K 82, but the body is plumper and the neck shorter. Storage, Basin-fragments of anotherjug similar to K 83 but with less angularity in the juncture of neck and shoulder(cf. M 168). P1. 14. K 84 (D). AMPHORA. P 8511. P.H. 0.125; D. 0.186. Neck and handles missing. Soft, gray-buffclay with grits. Globularbody on ring foot; two vertical handles fromthe shoulder.Threegroovesaroundthe shoulder. Body wheel-ridged. P1. 14. K 85 (D). CYLINDRICAL AMPHORA. P 8519. H. rest. 0.247; D. 0.122. Lip missing; a hole in the shoulder;restored. Buff clay, fired red on interior surface; self-slip. Almost cylindricalbody, constrictedat bottom to a false ring foot; narrow,flaringneck; sliced handles. J 49, L 52. Compare Body and shoulderwheel-ridged. Storage, Drain-fragments of another similar amphora.
K 86 (D). LID. P1. 14.
DISH. K 91 (B). COOKING

67

P 22379. H. ca. 0.055; D. rest. 0.27. Fragmentary; restored. Coarse,reddishbrownclay with grits. Flat-bottomeddish as K 89-90. Storage,Drain-fragments of severaldishessimilar to K 89-91.
K 92 (B).
COOKING POT.

P1. 14.

P 2421. H. 0.142; D. 0.143. Almost complete; restored. Coarse,gritty, dark reddish clay, fired gray-black at surface. Deep, round-bottomed pot with evertedrim which to the exterior. Below lip, two small, slopes up vertical handles.Body wheel-ridged. K 93 (D). COOKING P1. 14. POT. P 22385.H. rest. 0.10; D. rest. 0.187.Fragmentary, center of base and one handle missing; restored. Coarse,brownishclay with white grits. Shapeas J 57; flattenedbase; evertedrim, sloping up to exterior and designed for a lid. Two small, vertical handles applied under lip. K 107 may represent a lid for this pot. Storage,Drain-fragments of severalsimilarpots.
K 94 (D). COOKING POT. P1. 14.

P 22392. H. 0.043; D. 0.129. Fragmentary; restored. Buff to pinkishbuff clay, self-slip. Conicallid with plain lip and round knob, flat on top. Top of knob left roughfrom the wheel.
K 87 (D). LID. P1. 14.

P 22393. H. 0.024; D. 0.059. Intact. Soft, gritty, orange-buff clay. As K 86 but smaller.
P1. 14. K 88 (D). LID. P 22394. H. 0.035; D. 0.067. Fragmentary; restored. clay. Orange-buff Dome-shapedlid with plain lip and round knob, flat on top. Storage, Drain, coarse wares-fragments of an amphorasimilarto M 174 and of severalone-handled jars of red or black micaceous ware as [J 46] and

P 22387. P.H. 0.184; D. 0.239. Fragmentary,base missing; partly restored. red clay, firedgray at core. Coarse, gritty, brownish Rounded, apparentlyovoid body; wide, low neck with slightly everted rim; ledge for lid on interiorof rim. No handles.
K 95 (D).
COOKING POT.

PI. 14.

P 8515. H. 0.08; D. 0.132. Intact. Coarse,gritty, reddish brown clay, blackenedby fire on base. Round-bottomed pot with small, everted rim, sloping up to exterior. No handles. Storage,Drain-fragments of anothersimilarpot.
K 96 (D). COOKING POT. P1. 14.

P 8516. H. 0.08; D. rest. 0.143. Fragmentary; restored. COOKING WARES Coarse,gritty, dark reddish clay, fired gray-black DISH. K 89 (B). COOKING P1. 72. at the surface. Shape as K 95. P 8110. H. 0.068; D. 0.31. Fragmentary;restored. Very coarse, gritty, brownish gray clay; thick K 97 POT. P1. 14. (B). COOKING fabric. P 3113. H. 0.069; D. 0.068. Almost complete; reFlat-bottomeddish with everted rim; no handles. stored. J 22. Compare Hard, gritty, dark reddishbrownclay, firedgrayP1. 14. brown at surface. K 90 (B). COOKING DISH. P 3111. H. 0.055; D. 0.248. Fragmentary;restored. pot with small,evertedrim; Deep, round-bottomed body wheel-ridged.No handles. Clay and shape as K 89.
6*

J47.

68

THE ATHENIAN AGORA: POTTERY OF THE ROMAN PERIOD

K 98 (D). COOKING POT. LARGE STORAGE VESSELS, ETC. P 8514. H. 0.078; D. rest. 0.075. Fragmentary; K 108 P1. 15. (B). AMPHORA. restored. P 8106.H. 0.475; D. 0.868.Fragmentary; restored. Gritty, reddishclay. buff clay; Gritty, slip. orange-red Shape as K 97. Plump,round-bottomed amphora(thebaseslightly P1. 14. flattenedso that the vesselwill stand erect); point of POT. K 99 (B). COOKING P 2276. H. 0.074; D. 0.07. Almost complete; re- maximum diameter below middle. Low neck with rounded lip; small, crudely made ring handles at stored. lower part of shoulder. Shoulder and body wheelHard, gritty, reddishbrownclay; self-slip. ridged. No painted decoration. Shape as K 97. M 104 and M 273; also the much later Compare POT. K 100 (B). COOKING amphoraeM 329-331, which are of the same shape restored. and fabric as K 108 but are of less carefulworkmanP 3112.H. 0.074; D. 0.076. Fragmentary; ship and have decorationin white paint on the body. as K 97. Clayand shape
POT. K 101 (B). COOKING P1. 14. K 109 (B). AMPHORA. P1. 15.

P 22870. H. 0.086; D. 0.09. Intact. Clayas K 99; shape as K 97.

POT. K 102 (B). COOKING

P 2277. H. 0.089; D. 0.104. Almost complete;restored. Clayand shape as K 97.

POT. K 103 (B). COOKING P1. 14.

P 8104. H. 0.613; D. 0.275. Almost complete; restored. Reddish clay with white grits, white slip. Tall, funnel-shapedbody with almost horizontal shoulder and narrow neck; heavy, thickened lip. Heavy handles, each with a single, broad, longitudinal groove. The bottom of the toe is slightly concave; the fabric in the toe is no thicker than in any other part of the vessel.

P 8114. H. 0.094; D. 0.108. Intact. Clayand shape as K 97.

POT. K 104 (D). COOKING

K 110 (B). AMPHORA.

P 8105. H. 0.613; D. 0.268. Almost complete;

P 8518. H. 0.095; D. 0.106. Intact. Gritty, brownishclay; shape as K 97.

restored. Clay, slip and shape as K 109.

[K 111. AMPHORA. P1. 15.

K 106 (D).

POT. COOKING

P 14078. DepositP 18 :2 (firsthalf of 3rd century).

P.H. 0.635; D. 0.345. Fragmentary, toe and one

handlemissing; partly restored. Coarse, dark reddish clay with grits; brownish red MOUTH. K 106 (B). JUG, TREFOIL slip. P1. 14. Ovoid body tapering to a pointed toe. Narrow P 8070.H.0.14; D. 0.11. Almostcomplete;restored. Rather coarse, reddish clay with grits. Base neck with thickened lip; heavy handles, each with single, broad,longitudinalgroove (as in K 109-110). blackenedby fire. Storage,Drain-fragments of threeor fouramphoGlobular,wheel-ridgedbody with flattened base; similar to P 14078. rae evertedlip; sliced handle, appliedunderlip. Storage, Drain-fragments of seven similarjugs, P1. 15. DIPINTO. [K 112]. AMPHORA, severalof slightly largersize. 4th 0 19:1 P 14115. H. 0.583; D. 0.285. Fragmentary;restored. Buff to gray-buffclay, self-slip. P 22886. H. 0.065; D. rest. 0.16. Fragmentary; body with roundedbottom and shoulCylindrical restored. with flaring, rounded lip. Body, neck Narrow der. Coarse,gritty, brownishclay. lower and base part of shoulder wheel-ridged. Faint lid with plainlip and roundknob,flattened Conical an of traces illegible inscriptionin black paint were on top. Possibly used as lid for K 93. shoulder at the time of discovery. on the visible Storage, Drain-fragments of numerous similar of some nine amphorae Drain-fragments Storage, lids. similar to P 14115. The shape is probably a 3rd Storage, Drain, cooking ware-fragments of several century descendant of the common 1st and 2nd cookingpots similarto J 55, in both small and large century type illustratedin G 197 and H 20; compare also M 63 and M 102. sizes.
K 107 (D). LID. P1. 14. Deposit (early century).

P 8512. H. 0.096; D. 0.104. Intact. Clay and shape as K 97.

GROUP K
[K 113]. AMPHORA. P1. 15.

69

P 12882.DepositP 18 :2 (firsthalf of 3rd century). P.H. 0.575; D. 0.234. Toe missing;otherwise intact. Coarse, gritty, orange-buff to brick-red clay; mastic. Pointed body (originally with tubular toe) and high, wheel-ridgedneck. Thickenedlip; sharp, horizontal flange just below lip. Heavy, ridged handles. L 33, M 237, M 274, M 303 and a smaller Compare from example Deposit I 16:1, P 822 (P1.73, profile of toe). Storage, Drain-fragments of four amphorae similarto P 12882, but slightly larger.

contexts) bearing graffito dates equated with years between A.D. 98 and 137 (ibid., nos. 27-85).
K 116 (B). AMPHORA
FRAGMENT,

STAMPED.

P1. 86.

SS 1865.P.H. 0.215; D. lip 0.118. Neck, one handle and part of shoulderpreserved. Gritty, reddishclay; yellow-buffslip. From an amphorawith wide neck, tapering to a thickened lip, flat on top. Heavy handles, oval in section. Below the lip, a stamp, incuse: CTCAT. Mrs. Elizabeth Lyding Will, who is preparinga study of the wine jars bearingLatin stamps found in the Agora excavations, considersthis and K 117 to be from amphoraeof the same shape, a type of the P1.15. late 2nd and early3rdcenturyfoundin largenumbers [K 114]. AMPHORA. P 7668. Deposit B 12:1 (firsthalf of 3rd century). at Ostia and in Franceand Spain. They are probably H. 0.66; D. 0.328. Intact except for small hole of Spanishmanufacture. near base. K 117 (D). AMPHORA FRAGMENT, STAMPED. P1. 36. Coarse,gray to greenishbuff clay with grits; selfSS 6817. Max. dim. 0.096. Fragment of neck (?). slip. Gritty, orange-redclay; buff slip. Elongated, ovoid body on small ring foot with Rectangularstamp, incuse: DO (leaf) NIAS (leafconicallyhollowbase. Tall,narrowneck with rounded stem) VL. CompareC.I.L., XV, 2, 1, 3390, g (also lip. Wide strap handles,longitudinallygrooved. incuse, on neck).Apparentlya productof the Figlinae Storage, Drain-fragments of at least three Asuleianenses.See note to K 116. amphoraesimilar to P 7668, all of gritty clay.
K 118 (D). AMPHORA HANDLE,
STAMPED.

P1. 36.

K 116 (D).

AMPHORA TOE.

PI. 14.

P 22884. P.H. 0.10; Max. dim. 0.185. Toe and part of body preservedin single fragment. Coarse,orange-red clay with grits. A short, pointed toe projecting from a rounded bottom. Six heavy ridges around the upper part of the toe. Storage, Drain-fragments of neck and handles which may belong to K 116. Several similar neck fragmentsfromother depositshave been inventoried, but in no case is the body preserved below the shoulder; one such fragment is P 21330 (P1. 40), which comes from a filling of the early 3rd century: P.H. 0.310; D. lip 0.175. Coarse,orange-redclay with grits. Wide, heavy neck, tapering to the top; thickened lip, flat on top. Handlesroundin section and grooved longitudinallyon the outer surface.Two deepgrooves below the lip; the body below the handles wheelridged. Below one handle, a graffito, PAE, i.e. 136 (= A.D. 106). This fragmenthas been publishedby Miss Mabel Lang (DatedJars, no. 29) along with a series of similar necks (many found in 3rd century

SS 6614. Max. dim. 0.122. Handle only preserved. Reddish buff clay, buff slip. The handle is round in section; near the top, a stamp: EYC.
K 119 (B). LID. P1. 14.

P 22376. H. 0.032; D. 0.091. Intact. Coarse,greenishgray clay with grits. Small lid (for amphora?) consisting of a circular disc of clay; at the centerof the top surfacethe clay has been pinched up to form a crude handle. Storage,Basin-fragments of two similarlids.
K 120 (D). STOPPER(?). P1. 14.

P 22395. H. 0.041; D. 0.057. Intact. Rather soft, orange-buff clay. A short, cylindricalshaft, partly hollow, terminating in a small, flat, round disc. Perhaps used as a stopperin the neck of an amphora. Storage, Drain, large storage vessels-neck of an amphorasimilarto G 199 and fragmentsof the wall and floor (?) of a brazier similar to P 14122 (cited underG 123; see P1. 88).

OBJECTS OTHER THAN POTTERY

K 121 (D). LAMP. P1.45. L 4954. Max. dim. 0.094. Fragment of discus and rim. Soft, gray-buffclay.

Rim: raised dots and side panels. Discus: Eros, winged, facing, holding torch turned down by his Broneer,Lamps,nos. 1115, 1120, right side. Compare pl. XV. Perlzweig.

70

THE ATHENIAN AGORA: POTTERY OF THE ROMAN PERIOD

P1. 45.

K 122 (D). LAMP,SIGNED.

K 129 (B). LAMP.

P1.45.

L 2651.L. 0.091;W. 0.076;H. 0.029.Intact.

L 1105.L. 0.099;W. 0.078;H. 0.037.Intact.

Buff clay. Soft, pinkish buff clay. Rim: ovules and side panels (in outlined relief). Rim: vine leaves and grape clusters. Discus: fine rays. Handle: pierced, grooved above and below. Discus:rosette.Handle:pierced,groovedaboveonly. Base: ridge surroundingsignature in relief, flT[--] Base: two concentricridges.Perlzweig. (? retrograde).CompareBroneer, Lamps, no. 570, K 130 (B). LAMP. pl. XI. Perlzweig. L 1257. Max. dim. 0.053. Fragmentof discus. K 123 (D). LAMP. Buff clay. Discus: crescent(cf. J 66) surrounded L 2652. L. 0.105; W. 0.077; H. 0.034. Base and by rosettes, of which two are partially preserved.Traces of five part of body missing. small fillingholes. Perlzweig. Very soft, yellow-buffclay. As K 122. Perlzweig. LAMP. P1. 45. Storage, Basin and Drain- fragments of some [K 131]. fill first L From a the half of 3rd of the 4217. fifteen similar lamps, on one of which the handle is not completelypierced. century. L. rest. 0.154; W. 0.082; H. 0.04. One nozzle K 124 (B). LAMP. P1. 45. missing; restored. L 1245. P.L. 0.109; P.W. 0.096. Nozzle, base and Soft, pale buff clay. Rim markedby groovesand by two raised knobs much of body missing; partly restored. at base of each nozzle. Two nozzles. Verticalhandle Pale buff clay. Rim: vine leaves and grape clusters. Discus: fine (piercedand grooved) rises from the discus. Base: rays. Handle: pierced, grooved above and below. circularridges.Perlzweig. Storage, Basin and Drain-fragments of three Perlzweig. similarlamps.
P1. 45. L 1104. P.L. 0.083; W. 0.066;H. 0.032. Nozzle and [K 132]. LAMP, SIGNED. L 3346. Deposit N 20:3 (middleof 3rd century). part of body missing. L. rest. 0.139; W. 0.082; H. 0.035. Half of rim and Softandfriablebuffclay.Froma muchwornmould. As K 122, but the rim is slightly convex. Base: part of one nozzle missing; restored. Rather soft, buff clay. circulargroove, effaced signature, 'EAtrlTp .peov small ovules close to discus and volute Rim: of MissJudith Perlzweig).Perlzweig. (reading ornaments (cf. stamp on K 10) at sides; a volute P1. 45. ornament flanked K 126 (B). LAMP,SIGNED. by rosettes at the base of each L 1106. L. 0.108; W. 0.083; H. 0.032. Intact. nozzle. Two nozzles. Vertical handle (pierced and Rather soft, yellow-buffclay. grooved) rises from the discus. Base: oval; two Rim: rosettes and flowers(?) separatedby raised grooves and faint traces of an incised signature. dots. Discus: fine rays. Handle: pierced, grooved Perlzweig. above and below. Base: relief signaturewithin three Storage,Drain-fragments of a similarlamp. oOaou circular grooves,(DiAou (retrograde). Perlzweig. I Storage, Basin and Drain, lamps-fragments of: K 127 (D). LAMP. P1. 45. lamps of Broneer'stypes XXVII and XXVIII, inL 4955. Max. dim. 0.069. Two non-joiningfrag- cluding some similar to Broneer, Lamps, nos. 800, ments preservehandle and part of rim and discus. 908, 911 (pl. XIII); plastic lamp as J 24. No fragments of lamps of Broneer'stypes XX, XXIV or Soft, yellow-buff clay. Rim: rosettes interlaced by double wave lines. XXV occur in Group K; only one of the type Discus: fine rays. Handle: pierced, grooved above XXVII-XXVIII handles is not completely pierced and below. Perlzweig. (see underK 123). K 128 (B).
LAMP.

K 125 (B). LAMP, SIGNED.

P1. 45.

FIGURINE. K 133 (B). TERRACOTTA

P1. 48.

L 1246. L. rest. 0.139; W. rest. 0.115; H. 0.044. Nozzle and parts of body missing; partly restored. Rather soft, gray-buffclay. From a worn mould. Rim: small ovules and side panels. Discus: large rosette. Handle: pierced,grooved above and below; small leaf at base of handle. Base: two concentric ridges.Perlzweig.

T 3020. P.H. 0.072; P.W. 0.042. Head, both arms and right leg missing. Hard, dark buff clay; dull, brownishblack glaze, much worn. Made in two-part mould, the vertical seams extending up the sides. Smallboy with plumpbody, nude.Armsextended, Grandjouan.

GROUP K
FIGURINE. K 134 (B). TERRACOTTA P1. 48. T 485. P.H. 0.08; P.W. 0.064. Single fragment, brokenall around. Slightly gritty, buff clay; traces of white paint on drapery. A draped female figure, of which the left breast and shoulder are preserved. The drapery is parted over the breast; the right hand holds the teat out to a small child, held in the woman's ;l't arm. Grandjouan. K 135 (D). TERRACOTTA FIGURINE. P1. 48.

71

in severalanimalfigurineswhichhave been preserved intact in other contemporarydeposits). Grandjouan. Storage, Basin - two joining fragments of a figurinecast from the same mould as T 1510.
K 139 (D). TERRACOTTA BRACKET. P1. 49.

T 1277. P.H. 0.059; P.W. 0.042. Head and neck only preserved. Rather soft, buff clay; traces of red paint on the face and of black (?) on the hair. Female head crowned by a tightly rolled braid (or wreath?); in front the locks of hair are combed to the sides from a central part; on the back of the head, a seriesof punchmarksin a spiralline, perhaps indicating some form of hair-net; the punch marks were added after the head was removed from the mould. Grandjouan. K 136 (B). TERRACOTTA MASK. H. T 478. 0.27; W. 0.207; Th. (front to back) 0.108. Part of mouth and hair missing; restored. Fine, hard, pinkish buff clay, the exterior surface burnished;a finished edge is preserved around the back. Tracesof white paint. Male mask of comic type. The eyes and mouth are pierced. Two small holes at the nostrils; a small hole just above and in front of each ear; a similar hole at top of head. Grandjouan. Published: Hesperia, IV, 1935, p. 387, fig. 25; A.J.A., XXXVII, 1933, p. 548, fig. 8.

A 678. H. rest. 0.208; W. at top rest. 0.182; W. at bottom 0.125. Top and part of both sides missing; restored.Enough preservedto assurethe restoration almost to the top; original height cannot be ascertained accurately, and nothing has been added to the height in the restoration.Muchof the back edge is preservedboth at top and bottom. Rather soft, yellowishbuff clay, firedpink in part. Probably once painted, as was a fragmentary bracket of similar type, T 442, which shows traces of red and white paint on the hair. A console-typebracket, made from a mould. On the front, beardless face of Dionysos with fillet around forehead,bunches of berriesat the temples, clusters of grapes before each ear and a heavy necklace about the neck; the face is supported on three inverted leaves and is framed between two projecting consoles (grooved on face but plain on sides);a simple,cornice-likemouldingprojects above and formsthe transitionto the flat top of the bracket. This probablyformeda pair with K 140.

K 140 (D). TERRACOTTA BRACKET. A 679. Max. dim. 0.084. Fragmentfrom the leafterminationof the bracket. Rather soft, pinkish buff clay. From a bracketas K 139, with which it probably formeda pair. Among the inventoried objects in the Agora collectionare seven other similarbrackets,in some of which the top surface is much better preserved.In K 137 (B). TERRACOTTA MASK. P1. 48. none is there any trace of holes to aid in the attachT 484. Max. dim. 0.112; P.H. 0.092. Single ment of the bracketto the wall; they werepresumably fragmentfrom upperright side of mask; the original imbeddedin the wall plasterand served a decorative edge is preservedin part at the back. purposeonly. Soft, slightly gritty, yellow-buff clay, fired pink ANTEFIX. P1. 49. at the core where the fabric is thickest. Traces of K 141 (D). TERRACOTTA red on the hair. A 680. P.H. W. P.L. 0.195. The 0.11; purplish paint 0.165; top From a satyr mask; a horn is visible above the of the antefix properand most of the attached cover right temple, with a vine leaf beside it. Grandjouan. tile element behind are brokenaway. Very coarse,brick-redclay with largegrits. TERRACOTTA FIGURINE. 48. P1. Below the volutes at the base of the palmette [K 138]. T 1510. Deposit B 14:1 (3rd century). appearsthe signature,in reliefletters: 'AOlvatov.For H. 0.10; L. 0.12; W. 0.081. Intact. a better preservedspecimenof this antefix see A 630 Buff to pinkishbuff clay; white paint on body, red (P1. 49): P.H. 0.235; W. 0.175; chipped at top, all on face, dark blue (?) on eyebrowsand lids. A loose of cover tile element broken away. pebble inside. Made in a two-part mould, the seams K 142 (D). GLASS BOWL FRAGMENT. P1. 73. runninglengthwisealong back and belly. with head tilted G 80. P.H. Crouchingdog up; shaggy coat; 0.018; D. foot 0.12. Two joining collararoundneck. Perhapsdesignedas a child's toy fragments preserve half of foot and part of floor. or rattle (the loosepebbleinsidethe figureis paralleled Clear glass.

72

THE ATHENIAN AGORA: POTTERY OF THE ROMAN PERIOD

From a bowl or plate with rather high, vertical ably broken away. Made in one piece; the back smooth up to the neck. ring foot and flat floor. The head is markedby a roll of hair at the nape of K 143 (D). GLASS VESSEL FRAGMENT. P1. 78. the neck. The phallus projects horizontally. G 79. P.H. 0.018; D. foot 0.055. Foot only preserved. Clear,bluish green glass. K 149 (B). BRONZE WING. P1. 53. The flaring ring foot of a blown glass vessel; B 609. Max. dim. 0.081. The wing is apparently conical base. complete, the base or point of juncture with the shoulderpresentinga smooth, curved surface.Front K 144 (B). PORTRAIT HEAD. and back surface are similarly decorated with. S 856. H. 0.48; W. bust 0.39. Pentelic marble. feathering. Only the bust fragmentfound in the collectingbasin Apparentlythe properleft wing. (see above, p. 59). A Julio-Claudian portrait publishedby Harrison, K 150 P1. 53. (B). BRONZEPIN. no. 7. Sculpture, B 611. P.L. 0.0388;D. head 0.009. Point and K 145 (B). MARBLE ALTAR. P1. 52. probablymuch of the shaft brokenaway. The shaft of the pin is rectangular S 891. H. 0.086; W. 0.077; Th. 0.075. Intact in section; the is spherical. for around the head except edges. chipping Pentelic marble,carelesslyworked. P1. 58. Cubicalaltar with shallowdepression(0.017 deep) K 161 (B). BRONZESTYLUS (?). on top. Slight projectionsat the four corers of the B 610.P.L. 0.055; W. 0.018.Brokenat the narrow base provide crude feet. A rounded moulding with end. cablepatternat top and bottom all around.The back A flat instrument,narrow (pointed?) at one end, panel is plain; the front and sides are each decorated broad and blunt at the other. with a relief groupof a dolphincrossedby a trident. OTHER INVENTORIED OBJECTS - the following inK 146 (D). MARBLEBOWLFRAGMENT. Pls. 54, 78. ventoried objects from GroupK (Basin and Drain) ST 152. Max. dim. 0.088; D. foot est. 0.25; Th. have been omitted from the above cataloguebecause through floor and foot 0.01. Small fragmentof foot they are not pertinentto the Groupproper: and floor. A 681 - terracottawater pipe fragment,probably White marble,with purplishblack veins. an intrusioninto the upper filling of the K 147 (D). MARBLE BOWL FRAGMENT. P1. 78. basin. ST 158. P.H. 0.025; D. base est. 0.09. About half I 4221-an inscription of the 3rd century B.C. of base and part of wall preserved. (publ. Hesperia, IX, 1940, pp. 77-78, Pentelic marble. no. 11). On the exterior (possibly marking the base of a SS 1882- Knidian stamped amphora handle of the spout), an incisedpalmette (?). late 2nd centuryB.C. K 148 (B). BRONZE HERM. P1. 58. SS 1885-Knidian stamped amphora handle of B 132. P.H. 0.052; W. 0.017. The lower tip probabout 100 B.C.

GROUP L
8RD TO EARLY 5TH CENTURY GroupL constitutesthe fillingof Deposit F 19:1, a well located on the north slope of the Excavationfor modemhouse-cellars in this areahad cut downthe bedrock and had Areopagus. removedall tracesof the ancientconstructions with whichthis and severalotheradjacentwells was associated.1 The well cut have been throughsoft bedrockuntil the diggerscame in might contactwith a layer of hardrockat a depthof 15.95m. belowthe preserved top. For most of its depth the well is lined with tiles which are separatedfrom the rock-cutshaft by a packingof smallstones.2The top of the firstpreserved ringof tiles is locatedat 2.22 m. belowthe preserved mouthof the shaft; the firstsixteenseriesof tiles (to depth12.22m.) areellipticalin plan (inner diameters0.70 m. and 0.85 m.) and vary in height between0.60 m. and 0.68 m. Each ring of tiles is made up of three segments,each segmentprovidedwith a single hand-hole;the three verticaljoints of each ring are made firmby lead clamps(threeper joint, set obliquely).Part of the ninth series is brokenaway and the gap in the tiling is filled with a packingof small stones. The seventeenthseries of tiles is missingand its place is taken by a lining of stones, above which rest two (originallythree?) woodenbeams supporting the sixteenth series.3The tiles fromthe eighteenthserieson (beginning at depth12.90m.) aremorenearlycircular in plan diameter of each ca. 0.80 and are set without the of use lead ring (inner m.) clamps.Thetwentieth seriesis missingand the exposedbedrockwallsof the shaft arefilledin partlyby seven ringsof brick.The last (twenty-first) seriesrests on hardrockat 15.95m. The potteryfromthe well has been dividedinto fourlayers,according to the depthat which it wasfound.LayerI (18.90m. to bottom),L 1-21, containssomepieceswhichfindcloseparallels in GroupK (L 1-7); other pieces,however,as the lamp L 14 and uninventoried fragmentsof L 26 as a reflect date later than that of GroupK. It seemslikely that LayerI jugs (LayerII), an accumulation from the use of the well represents duringthe last half of the 3rd century.4 Layer II (11.90-18.90m.), L 22-36, presentsalmostno parallelsto the pottery of GroupK and does contain shapes,such as L 26 and L 31, which are similarto post-Herulian material from GroupM (as M 220-221 and M 230-234). The date for this layer is probablyaroundthe beginningof the fourth century,perhapsextendingthroughthe first quarterof that century. The upperlimit of Layer II, however,can only be arbitraryn view of the absenceof reliable evidence. confirmatory such as gouging Layer III (10.00-11.90m.), L 37-68a, introducesnew formsof decoration, (L 38, 40, 44) and late stampedpatterns(uninventoried fragments);and since the quantity of fromthis layer surpasses pottery recovered slightly that fromLayersI and II together,one is in a fairlylongperiodof accumulation. As the latest possibledateof LayerIII justified supposing we can only point to the terminus of post quem Layer IV, the last quarterof the 4th century
1 The well was excavated between May 28 and June 10, 1989. The uppermost ring of tiles has been removed and inventoried as A 1074. 8 The dimensions of the one beam which appeared to be complete were: 1.05 m. x 0.14 m. x 0.11 m. 4 No coins useful for chronological purposes were found in Layers I, II or III.

74

THE ATHENIAN AGORA: POTTERY OF THE ROMAN PERIOD

(see below). Layer IV, however, represents a dumped filling, thrown in to fill up the shaft after the well had gone out of use; considerabletime may have elapsed between the abandonment of the well as a source of water and the filling of the top ten meters of the shaft with debris. Layer III may be said roughly to represent the last three quarters of the 4th century. Among the latest objects in Layer III are L 60-51 (depth 10.00-10.90 m.). Layer IV (top to 10.00 m.), L 59-62, producedonly one-tenth as much pottery, proportionately, as Layer III, and it contained also some fragments of marble revetment and of mosaic flooring. The occurrenceof joins between fragments from all depths within the Layer indicates that this is a dumped filling. The terminuspost quemfor Layer IV is given by the coins as the last quarter of the 4th century.5 It frequently happens that much of the pottery of a dumped filling is of earlier date than the time at which the filling was thrown in; in this instance many pieces of coarse ware of much earlier date found their way into the debris; but the presence of numerous fragments of late stamped ware, such as occur only rarely in Layer III, indicates that Layer III is appreciablyearlierthan IV. It seems reasonable,in view of the coins in Layer IV, to attribute that Layer to the early 5th century, roughly contemporary with Layer X of Group M. LAYER I (SECOND HALF OF 3RDCENTURY)
MISCELLANEOUS GLAZED AND NON-GLAZED WARES

L 4. JUG, ROUND MOUTH.

P1. 16.

P 16333. H. 0.087; D. 0.071. Fragmentary; P1.70. L . PLATE. restored. P 15571.H. 0.067; D. 0.808. Complete. Rathersoft, pinkishbuffclay; dull, purplishbrown Soft, rather gritty, orange-buffclay; dull, black glaze (partial).Base left rough from the wheel. to reddishglaze (partial). Ovoid,wheel-ridged body; flat base; high, slightly Shapeas K 13-16. the rim. Compare largerspecimensJ 35, K 65, flaring P1.70. M 155. [L 2]. BOWL.
P1. 16. P 11137.DepositB 14:2 (late lst to late 2nd L 6. MINIATURE JUG, ROUND MOUTH. P 15405.H. 0.062;D. 0.062.Intact. century). restored. H. 0.089;D. 0.142.Almostcomplete; to Soft, rathergritty, buff clay; dull, brownish brownishred glaze. Base left rough from the wheel. Soft,orange-buff clay;dull,redglaze(partial). Shapeas K 4849, but smaller. Shape as K 59-60, M 145-148, M 190. Flat base; Storage, Layer I-fragments of several bowls ridgeat baseof rim.Onbody,just belowrim,a row

similar to P 11187.
L 3. AMPHORA.

of punch marks; pendant to this, opposite the

P1. 16.

made up of similarpunch handle,a cross-pattern

marks. No painted ornament. For the punched

P 16334. H. rest. 0.228; D. 0.154. Lip and fragments of body missing;restored(the lip based on an uninventoriedfragmentfrom GroupL). Soft, gritty, orange-buffclay; dull, reddish glaze (partial). Plump, ovoid amphorasimilar to J 48 and K 68 (J 48 is the most slender). Grooves on shoulder, neck and handles,as on K 68.

decoration compare [M167].

L 6. MINIATURE JUG, TREFOIL MOUTH.

P1. 16.

Rather soft, reddish clay; dull, purplish black glaze. The base left rough from the wheel. Piriform, wheel-ridged body; flat base; flaring lip; the indentationsof the lip behind the front lobe Storage,LayerI-fragments of anothersimilar touch across the mouth and create a kind of spout. K 69-70. Sliced handle. Compare amphora.
5 The significant coins, recovered between 0.90 m. and 1.40 m., both of bronze, are:

P 15408.H. 0.084;D. 0.061.Intact.

Constantius II, 337-361 (as H. Cohen, Descr. hist. des monnaies frappges sous l'empire romain, 2e ed., VII, Paris, 1888, p. 468, no. 188; Thompson, Coins, no. 1052). Valentinian II, 375-392 (as J. W. E. Pearce, The Roman Coinagefrom A.D. 364 to 432, London, 1933, p. 96, no. 58; cf. Thompson, Coins, no. 1405). Abronze coin of the House of Valentinian, found in the well-earth after complete clearance of the shaft, presumably represents Layer IV.

GROUP L
L 7.
MINIATURE WATER JAR, BASKET HANDLE.

76
P1. 16.

P1. 16.

L 10. JUG, ROUND MOUTH.

P 15404. H. 0.069; D. 0.06. Intact. P 22561. H. rest. 0.148; D. rest. 0.111. FragmenRather gritty, buff clay; self-slip. Base left rough tary;the neckdoesnot join the bodydirectly;restored. Rather soft, gritty, reddish brown clay. from the wheel. flat at base; grooves Footless, ovoid body with conical indentation of Plump, wheel-ridgedbody; base of neck, below lip and on outer edge of the base. Plain, everted lip. everted lip. Basket handle. P 16886. P.H. 0.875; D. 0.18. Mouth,handles,toe P 15406. H. 0.107; D. 0.062. Part of neck and lip and fragmentsof body missing. missing;restored. Rather soft, reddish clay with grits; white slip, Soft, yellow-buff clay; self-slip. Base left rough much worn; mastic. from the wheel. Cylindricalbody, horizontally ribbed, narrowing flat base; ridged Slender,ovoid body,wheel-ridged; sharply at bottom to a pointed toe. Horizontal handle. Two grooves around neck at t.a.h., one on shoulder with wide, low mouth and two small, shoulderat b.a.h. Similar to, but smaller than L 9. vertical handles.For the completeshape, see M 239; Storage, Layer I-fragments of several similar, an earlierversion of this type of amphorais found in smalljugs. 6 199. L 9. JUG, TREFOIL MOUTH. P1. 16. Storage, Layer I-fragments of several other P 16335. H. 0.216; D. 0.122. Handle and part of amphoraesimilar to L 11. neck and lip missing; restored. Very soft, gritty, yellow-buffclay; self-slip,which Storage, Layer I-fragments of the following: has peeled off over most of the body. miniature,basket-handledpot as [K 73]; bowls as Similarto L 8 but larger;wheel-ridged;ring foot. K 19-27 (the painted decoration, if any, is worn Two grooves about neck. away); decanteras L 24-25; three jugs as L 26; amI-an almost of phorae as L 30 and L 33; red and black micaceous Storage, Layer complete jug ware jars as M 240-242. reddish clay, similar in shape to L 9.
OBJECTS OTHER THAN POTTERY

L 8. SMALL JUG, TREFOIL MOUTH.

AMPHORA. L 11. STORAGE

P1. 16.

L 12. LAMP,

P1.45. L 3880. L. 0.113; W. 0.088; H. 0.037. Intact. Soft, orange-buffto yellow-buffclay. Rim: reel and trefoil pattern, side panels. Discus: erotic symplegma on couch. Handle: incompletely pierced, grooved above and below; leaf at base of handle. Base: surrounded by two concentricgrooves, a relief signature,nipEieou. Perlzweig.
SIGNED.

L 13. LAMP, SIGNED. P1.45. L 881. L. 0.094; W. 0.077; H. 0.027. Intact. Soft, yellow-buffclay. Rim: leaves and tendrils, side panels. Discus: rosette of eleven pointed petals. Handle: pierced, groovedabove and below. Base: incuse, mouldmade Perlsignature surrounded by two grooves,TTpfilov. zweig.
L 14. LAMP. P1. 45.

Lowerbody markedwith raiseddots as rim. Compare G 147. Perlzweig. Storage,Layer I-fragments of a plastic lamp which is possibly similarto AgoraL 2893 (see A.J.A., XLI, 1937, p. 188, fig. 20). P1. 48. L 16. TERRACOTTA DUCK'S HEAD. T 2187. P.H. 0.032; Th. 0.011. Right side of head preserved. Soft, yellow-buffclay. Madein a two-partmould, the seams extending vertically through the figure from beak towardtail. The right side of the head of a hollow figure of a duck. No traces of incision or other reworkingafter removalfrom the mould. Grandjouan. L 16. BONE NEEDLE. BI 521. L. 0.156; W. 0.006. Intact. As J 16.
L 17.
MARBLE

BOWL.

P1. 52.

L 3923. L. 0.095; W 0.07; H. 0.03. Intact. ST 326. P.H. 0.128; D. est. 0.40; Th. at rim 0.035. Base and much of body missing. Soft, yellowish buff clay. Rim: raised dots with volutes at base of nozzle. Pentelic marble. Discus: small, concave and plain. Handle: pierced, From a deep bowl with rounded wall and plain grooved above and below. Base: five encircled dots lip, roundedon top. Exteriorroughlyworked;interior in relief, surrounded by concentricgroove and ridge. surfacesmooth and worn by use.

76

THE ATHENIAN AGORY: POTTERY OF THE ROMAN PERIOD

L 20. BRONZEHANDLE-LUG FOR BUCKET. PI. 58.

L 18. STONE IMPLEMENT. ST 820. D. 0.055; Th. 0.08. Intact, but chippedon strikingsurfaceall around. Grayish blue, crystalline stone, probably a poor gradeof marble. Thick, disc-like implement for pounding. Slight on eitherside providea gripforthe fingers. depressions
BUCKET. L 19. BRONZE PI. 51. B 716. H. 0.217; D. 0.26. Handle and one handlelug missing. Round-bottomed bucket with plain, thickened (folded)lip. Movablebail handle of iron (of which a fragment still adhered to the lip before cleaning) attached to broad, leaf-shapedhandle-lugsof iron; the lugs, of which one is preserved(similarto L 20, but broaderand shorter),were each held in place by two bronzerivets. Compare L 20, M 28.

B 724. H. 0.105; W. 0.057. Intact. Leaf-shaped attachment from a bronze bucket (as L 19); the two lower holes mark the position of the rivets which fastened the lug to the bucket; the bail handle moved throughthe upperhole.
L 21. BRONZEMIRROR (?).

B 742. D. 0.094; Th. 0.008. Plain, flat disc of bronze, seriously corroded.On one side there are traces at the edge of a vertical rim extending around at least one-sixth of the circumference,while on the edge adjacentto this rim appear to be tracesof contactwith wood (a woodenhandle?). One inventoriedstamped amphorahandle (SS 9899) from Layer I is assigned by Miss Virginia Graceto the 2nd century B.C. and is thereforenot included in the above list.

LAYER II (EARLY 4TH CENTURY)

MISCELLANEOUS GLAZED AND NON-GLAZED WARES

L 22. BOWL. PI. 16. P 16887. H. 0.059; D. 0.127. Almost complete; restored. Orange-buff clay; dull, reddishglaze (partial). Bowl similar in shape to K 29-31, but smaller; flangedrim; a grooveat the top of the rim. Storage, Layer II-fragments of several similar bowlsand of a bowl of largersize (similarto K 19-27) decoratedwith spiralsin white paint on the rim.
L 23. JUG, ROUND MOUTH. PI. 16.

grooved longitudinally; two horizontal grooves at juncture of shoulderand neck. Brownglaze applied: on top of flange and adjacent neck surface; on lip; in two broad bands below the lower handle attachments. Decorationin white paint: on top of flange, dots; on upper glazed band, spirals (rotating clockwise toward center and linked below); on lower glazed band, diagonal stripes. The reserved zone between the two glazed bands markedwith diagonal stripes of brownglaze.
L 25. DECANTER, PAINTED DECORATION. PI. 87.

P 15400. H. 0.12; D. 0.091. Intact. Rather soft, gritty, orange clay; dull orange-red glaze (partial). As K 64. Storage, LayerII-fragments of anothersimilar jug.
L 24.
DECANTER, PAINTED DECORATION.

PI. 16.

P 16888.P.H. 0.20; D. 0.19. Neck, handles,shoulder and fragmentsof body missing. Soft, pinkishbuff clay with grits. Plump, ovoid body on ring foot. Aroundthe body, a broad band of brown glaze with narrowerstripes above and below. Decorationin white paint: on the broadglazedband, spirals(rotatingclockwisetoward centerand linkedbelow);on the upper,narrowband, white dots. Compare M 158 and 215. The full shape of this type of vessel is shown in P 10005 (PI. 89). L 26. JUG, ROUND MOUTH. P1. 16. Deposit A 14:1 (4th century). H 0.242; D. 0.144. Complete.Buff clay, self-slip. P 16842. H. 0.808; D. 0.193. Almost complete; Ovoid body on ring foot; narrowneck. At mid- restored. Reddishto orange-red point of neck, a broad,horizontalflange;neck tapers clay with grits; dull,orangeabove flangeand is wheel-ridged; two strap handles, red glaze (partial).

P 16339. P.H. 0.165; D. 0.19. Neck, handles, shoulder,foot and fragmentsof body missing. Soft, orange-buff clay with grits. As L 24. Aroundthe body a broad band of dull, red glaze with narrowerstripes above and below. Decorationin addedwhite: on the broadglazedband, alternatingtall-stemmedplant clusters and stylized tendrilsprays;on the upper,narrowband,wave line. The charming and distinctive treatment of the tips of the plant clusters(someroundedand some in a form resembling a pomegranatefruit) can be paralleled in other specimensof local paintedware from the Agora (P 4624, P 6451), all of which may be assignedto a single hand, that of an artist who may be called the TrefoilPainter; Agora P 4592 (PI. 87) is in the mannerof the Trefoil Painter, but its less suredraftsmanship and morehasty executioncaution an attribution to the masterhimself. against

GROUP L
Ovoidbody on low ring foot. High neck, widening toward the plain, everted lip; lip slopes down to exterior. Broad strap handle marked by three longitudinal grooves. Groove around neck at midpoint and anotheraroundshoulderat b.a.h. the late 3rd century This type of jug characterizes and the 4th: compareM 220-222, L 41. It should be noted, however, that a similarjug, P 8762, appears in the early 3rd century filling of Deposit D 12:1. Storage,LayerII-fragments of othersimilarjugs.
L 27. JUG, ROUND MOUTH. P1. 16.
LARGE STORAGE VESSELS

77
P1. 16.

L 30. AMPHORA.

P 16844. H. 0.385; D. 0.235. One handle missing; restored. Very soft, orange-buff clay with grits; self-slip. Ovoid, wheel-ridgedbody on low ring foot. Plain, flaring lip; ridged handles. Two grooves at base of L 54 and M 229. lip. Compare Storage, Layer II-fragments of at least four similaramphorae.
L 31. AMPHORA. P1. 16.

P 16341.P.H. 0.208; D. 0.147. Intact except forlip. Gritty, greenishgray clay; buff slip; dull, purplish brownglaze (partial),much worn. Ovoid body on ring foot; flaring,funnel-likeneck, probablyterminatingin round mouth and plain lip. Ridged handle. Two horizontal grooves at b.a.h.; M 223. ridge aroundbase of neck. Compare

P 16343. H. 0.45; D. 0.265. Almost complete; restored. Coarse, greenish gray clay with grits; mastic (insideand in lip groove). Slender, ovoid body on low ring foot; moulded base. The neck flarestoward a slightly thickenedlip L 28. AMPHORA. P1. 16. markedby a deep grooveon its upper surface. Handlesroundin section. Twogroovesaroundthe neck at P 16340. H. 0.171; D. 0.112. Intact. M 230-234. Dark buff clay with grits; dull, dark reddishglaze t. a. h. Compare The lip-groove,with its fillingof mastic, may have (partial). Similar to L 3, but smaller; the handles are pro- servedin the sealingof the jar. portionately higher in L 28 and the body is wheelL 32. AMPHORA, DIPINTO. P1s.16, 59. ridged. Storage, Layer II-fragments of at least two P 16360. P.H. 0.41; D. 0.304. Neck, one handle similaramphorae. and fragmentsof body missing; partly restored. Very gritty, gray-buffclay with a rough, "sandy" L 29. CLAY SAVINGS BANK. P1. 16. P 15399. H. 0.115; D. 0.09. Intact except for chips surface;soft fabric. Slender, ovoid body on low ring foot. May have aroundthe slot. L 31, but the base is flat. On the shoulder, resembled Soft, gritty, orange-buff clay. Base left roughfrom a in dipinto black paint, readinguncertain:possibly wheel. a name in - aaoKifjs. proper Piriform body on flat base. Flaringlip; the mouth Storage, Layer II-fragments of anotheramphora closed over but piercedby a narrowslot (0.078 long) of similar fabric. for the insertionof coins. Two concentricgrooves on the top and two about the shoulder;the body wheelL 33. AMPHORA. PI. 16. ridged. No handle. Another fragmentarybank (P 11158), similar to P 16345. P.H. 0.515; D. 0.233. Resting surfaceof L 29, comes from the 4th century filling of Deposit foot and upperpart of neck and handlesmissing. C 10 :3. A specimenfrom Puteoli in the British MuCoarse,brick-redclay with grits. seum (86/5-25/1)is of moreslendershape and has the The body tapers to a hollow, tubular toe. Heavy coin-slot in the side of the neck. On eQoaupoi in handles, roughly oval in section. Broad wheel-ridgantiquity see: Graeven,Jahrb.,XVI, 1901, pp. 160- ing on the neck. For the full shape see [K 113], 189; D. M. Robinson, A.J.A., XXVIII, 1924, pp. M 237, M 274, M 303. 239-250; Breitenstein, Danish National Museum, Catalogueof Terracottas,Cypriote, Greek, Etrusco- Storage, Layer II-fragments of the following: Italian and Roman,Copenhagen, 1944, no. 956. as L 55; amphora toes of a soft, gritty, amphora Storage, Layer II-fragments of the following: flat- orange fabric such as occurs in M 103, M 176 and bottomedjug as L 48; jug as L 47. M 334.
OBJECTS OTHER THAN POTTERY

L 34. LAMP.

P1. 45. Rim: raised dots. Discus: boukranion.Handle: L 3879. L. 0.102; W. 0.071; H. 0.033. Intact. incompletelypierced,groovedabove and below.Base: Fine, hard, pinkish buff clay. Made from a worn concentricridges. Perlzweig. mould.

78

THE ATHENIAN AGORA: POTTERY OF THE ROMAN PERIOD

forehead,back of head chipped.Publ.: Hesperia,IX, 1940, p. 273, fig. 8. white marble. Coarse-grained, Head of Seilenos; pointed ears, garland of ivy L 36. SCULPTURED HEAD. leaves and berries;full beard, parted at center. No S 1180. P.H. 0.187; W. 0.093. Broken at bottom indicationof hair on top of head, above the garland. from nape of neck to base of beard; end of nose, LAYER III (LATER 4TH CENTURY)
MISCELLANEOUS GLAZED AND NON-GLAZED WARES

L 36. BONE NEEDLE. BI 520. L. 0.144; W. 0.006. Intact. As L 16 and J 15.

Storage,Layer III-fragments of severalplates with stamped decorationas L 59-61 and of bowls with painted decorationas M 290. It is noteworthythat L 41. JUG, ROUND MOUTH. PI. 17. none of the stamped bowls of thin fabric, such as P 22564. H. 0.30; D. 0.166. About half missing; occur commonlyin 5th and 6th century fillings (cf. restored. in Layer III or in Layer IV. M 360), are represented Dark buff clay with grits; dull, purplish brown glaze (partial). L 37. JUG, ROUND MOUTH. P1. 16. As L 26, but more slender;two grooveson top of P 15402.H. 0.167; D. 0.092. Complete. lip, as is customary on jugs of this type. Compare Soft, rathergritty, orange-buff clay; dull, orange- M 220-222 and fragmentsfromLayer IX of GroupM red glaze (partial). Ovoid body on ring foot; high, flaring neck and (p. 110). Storage, Layer III-fragments of several similar plain lip. Body and part of neck wheel-ridged.Sliced jugs. handle. This shape is a developmentout of plumperjugs L 42. P1. 16. JUG, ROUND MOUTH. such as K 64, in which the sharp ridges of the neck P 16354. H. rest. 0.198; D. 0.116. Lip missing; which appearsin L 37. anticipate the wheel-ridging restored. M 219, M 266-267, M 291. Compare Rather soft, buff clay with grits; dull, reddish Storage,Layer III-one similarjug, almost comglaze (partial). plete, and fragmentsof others. Piriform, wheel-ridgedbody on ring foot; high neck, wideningtoward the plain lip. Ridged handle. L 38. JUG, ROUND MOUTH, GOUGED DECORATION M 268, M 296-296. P1.16. Compare Storage, Layer III-fragments of at least four P 16835. H. ca. 0.158; D. 0.127. Complete. similar jugs. Light reddish buff clay with grits; dull, reddish glaze (partial). L 43. JUG, GOUGED DECORATION. P1. 17. Almost globular body on ring foot; roundedlip. P H. D. 16356. 0.186. restored. 0.35; Fragmentary; of body wheel-ridged; Ridgedhandle.Mid-part upper buff clay with grits. Hard, pinkish marked vertical part by gouging. Ovoid body on ring foot; high, slenderneck with Storage,Layer III-three similarjugs, all nearly everted rim and upturned,verticallip; broadridged complete. handle. The neck marked by spiral grooving; the L 39. JUG, ROUND MOUTH. PI. 17. upper part of the body decorated with diagonal M 297-298. P 16352. H. 0.23; D. 0.165. Intact. gougedlines. Compare Rather soft and gritty, reddishclay; dull, reddish L 44. JUG, GOUGED DECORATION. P1. 17. glaze (partial). P 16355. H. D. 0.152. Ovoid body on ring foot; rounded lip. Ridged 0.275; Fragmentary; restored. handle. Soft, orange-buff clay with grits; mastic. L 40. JUG, GOUGEDDECORATION. P1. 17. Ovoid body on spreading ring foot; high neck, P 22565. P.H. 0.262; D. 0.22. Upper part of jug wideningtowardthe plainlip;ridgedhandle. Grooves at top of neck; spiral grooving at base of neck and missing; partly restored. Hard, reddish buff clay with grits; dull, reddish on shoulder.Upperpartof bodymarkedwith diagonal M 299. glaze (partial). gougedlines. Compare Shape as M 294 (cf. also the smallerjug L 39). Storage, Layer III-fragments of several similar Three horizontal grooves at point of maximum jugs, some of largersize.

diameter; above, gouged decoration in alternating panels of diagonal and of horizontallines. Compare also [M312].

GROUP L
COARSE HOUSEHOLD WARES

79

L 61. JAR, [TWO HANDLES], GRAFFITO. Ps1.17, 58. P 16361. P.H. D. 0.204. handles and 0.445; Neck, L 45. JUG, FLATBASE. P1. 17. of toe restored. missing;body fragmentary; partly P 16357. H. 0.185; D. 0.167. Fragmentary; tip and shape as L 50. The tubular toe tapers Clay restored. towardthe bottom. On the shouldera graffito:]Ep.[. Rather soft, light orange-buff clay. Almost globularbody with flat base; narrowneck L 52. CYLINDRICAL AMPHORA. P1. 17. and small, everted lip; ridgedhandle. Groovesat top 16359. P.H. D. and P 0.138. neck Handles, 0.22; and bottom of neck and just above and below b. a. h. of part body missing. Very soft, gritty, yellowishbuffclay; thin fabric. P1. 17. L 46. JUG, FLATBASE. Shape as J 49 and K 86, but the fabricis different P 22563. P.H. 0.152; D. 0.146. Neck and handle fromand poorerthanthat of the two earlier specimens. missing. with clay grits. Orange-buff P1. 17. Shape somewhat similar to L 45; false ring foot. L 53. AMPHORA. H. D. P 16358. 0.163. Intact. vertical handle. for as Attachment 0.24; Grooving single, on L 45. Hard, gritty, micaceous,orange clay; at the surface the clay is mottled in horizontal striations of L 47. JUG, FLATBASE. P1. 17. light and darkerorangecolor. Crudelymade amphorawith ovoid body on false P 22562. P.H. 0.197; D. 0.168. Neck, handle and ring foot; thickenedlip. Handles roundin section. part of body missing; partly restored. Storage, Layer III-another similar amphora, Soft, gritty, orange-buff clay. almost complete. Similar to L 46, but the body is less plump.
L 48. JUG, FLATBASE.

P1. 17. P 16349. H. 0.403; D. 0.197. Almost complete; P 16351. H. rest. 0.206; D. 0.193. Lip missing; restored. restored. Rather soft, reddishbuff clay with grits. Soft, coarse,yellowishgray clay with grits. Shape as L 30, but more slender; the handles Plump body with flat base; everted lip and trefoil marked by a single, longitudinalgroove; horizontal mouth (restoredon basis of similarjugs from other at b.a.h. Compare M 229. grooves Deposits). Handle lightly grooved. Body markedby deep horizontalgrooving. P1. 17. similar jug, almost L 55. STORAGE AMPHORA. Storage, Layer III-one P 16350. H. D. 0.235. Almost 0.467; complete; complete, and fragmentsof several others. restored. L 49. JUG, ROUND MOUTH. Pinkish buff clay, self-slip. P1. 17. Ovoid, wheel-ridgedbody, the point of greatest P 16348. H. 0.385; D. 0.265. Almost complete; diameterbelow the middle; the body separatedfrom restored. the small toe by a disc-like memberreminiscentof Hard, buff to reddishbuff clay; self-slip. Ovoidbody on false ring foot; mouldedbase. Wide the toes of Knidian amphorae of the Hellenistic neck with small everted lip, flat on top. Handle oval period (see Hesperia,Suppl. VIII, 1949, pl. 19,7, 9). in section. Faint wheel-ridging on shoulderand lower The narrowneck, set off from the body at an angle and bulbous at the point of the handle attachment, of M and 371. 226 part body. Compare terminates in a small, everted, rounded lip. Strap handles. Compare M 238, M 305-306. L 60. JAR, TWOHANDLES. P1. 17. Storage, Layer III-another similar amphora, P 15398.P.H. 0.535; D. 0.212. Lip and toe missing; almost complete, and fragmentsof a third. filling hole. Soft, reddishbrownclay with high mica content. P1. 16. Fusiform,wheel-ridged body. Short strap handles. L 56. LIQUEUR CUP. P 16347. H. 0.049; D. 0.054. Part of body and tip The toe was doubtlessof the tapering,tubularvariety seen in L 51 and in all two-handledmicaceousjars. of handle missing; restored. F 65 and the other jars cited there. Dark, orange-buffclay. Compare Storage,Layer III-fragments of two jars similar Cupwith flat base, roundedwall, slightly everted to L 50-51 and of a one-handledjar of the same lip. The body wheel-ridged; lug-handle projects brownish redmicaceousfabric; also fragmentsof four horizontally from near the base. Compare K 75, one-handledjars of black, gritty fabric similar to M 117 and the cups with high-set handles as G 216,
PI. 17.

L 54.

AMPHORA.

M 282.

J38.

80

THE ATHENIAN AGORA: POTTERY OF THE ROMAN PERIOD

P1. 16.

be part of a vase in the form of a human head, the P 16846. P.H. 0.047. Single fragment,brokenall crescent-shapedpunch marks designed to indicate around. tightly-curledlocks of hair (cf. K 77). The neck of Rather coarse,gray-buffclay with grits, firedbuff the vase was large enough to permit the potter's on exterior surface. Made in a two-part mould, the fingersto be inserted for smoothingout the interior seams after the vase came from the mould. seams vertical. A fragmentfrom the wall of a mug (?); the start of the plain, vertical (?) neck is preserved.Exterior surfacemarkedby close-set rows of crescent-shaped depressions,probably made with a punch after the vase had been removed from the mould. This may Storage, Layer III-an amphora, almost complete, identical with L 31 and fragmentsof several similar amphorae; numerous fragments of vessels of a fabricsimilarto that of L 32 and possiblyof similar shape; fragmentsof an amphora similarto M 325.

L 57. PLASTIC VASE FRAGMENT.

OBJECTS OTHER THAN POTTERY

P1.45. L 58. LAMP. L 3992. P.L. 0.071. Fragment of discus and rim. Coarse,orange-redclay with grits; dull, reddish glaze. Rim: herringbonepattern. Discus: plain. Perlzweig. P1.50. L 58a. PYRAMIDALLOOMWEIGHT. MC625. H. 0.052; dim. base 0.032x 0.033. Intact except for chips. Soft, pinkishbuff clay with grits.

Weight in form of a truncated pyramid. Pierced by a single suspension hole near top. The Attic pyramidalloomweightprobablywent out of use by the end of the 4th centuryB.C. (Pnyx, I, pp. 73-76); but such weights might have been re-usedin Roman timesfor purposes otherthan that for whichoriginally designed. Storage, Layer III-small fragments of lamps of Broneer'stype XXVIII and two water buckets, one of lead and one of bronze.

LAYER IV (EARLY 5THCENTURY) of plate, as P 11186 and P 12009, P1. 70). On the P 16363. H. 0.048; D. est. 0.31. Two non-joining floor, surrounded by three concentric grooves, a series of stamped devices (concentric squares) sections preservepart of lip, wall and floor. in a circularband. arranged at apparently fired with Hard, coarse clay gray-black grits, black core, gray-brown at surface; dull, purplish Storage, Layer IV-numerous fragments of plates glaze (partial). Although apparently subjected to with stamped decorationas L 59-61 and of painted excessiveheat in the kiln and so technicallya "Fehl- bowls similar to M 290. It is noteworthy that none brand," the piece was presumablyserviceable (cf. of the stamped bowls of thin fabric, such as occur L 62). commonlyin 5th and 6th centuryfillings (cf. M 360), On the floor, a pattern of stamped palmettes (of are represented in Layer IV or in Layer III. which only one is preserved),surroundedby four P1.45. L 62. LAMP. concentricgrooves. L 3993.L. 0.094; W. 0.069;H. 0.035.Fragmentary. L 60. PLATE, [STAMPED]. Hard, coarse, grayish black clay with grits; the has apparentlybeensubjectedto excessiveheat fabric P 16362. H. 0.055; D. est. 0.45. Two non-joining the in firing, but though technicallya "Fehlbrand," sections preservepart of lip, wall and floor. considered and was not was perhaps warped Hard, coarse,reddishclay with grits; dull, reddish lamp adequatefor sale as a "factorysecond." glaze (partial). Rim: plain, with incised side panels. Discus: rays. Shapeas L 59; no trace of the stampeddecoration Handle: solid, grooved above. On base: concentric is preserved. ridges.Perlzweig. P1. 36. Four inventoried objects from Layer IV are not L 61. PLATE, STAMPED. P 16364. Max. dim. 0.123. Small section of floor includedin the above list becausethey are of earlier date than the bulk of the material in this fill: two preserved. terracotta with figurinefragments (T 2066 and T 2069), Hard, coarse,reddishbrownclay grits; dull, mould fragment (T 2070), a Thasian a terracotta black glaze (partial). 59 to L From a flat-flooredplate possibly similar stamped amphorahandle (SS 9079) of the late 5th this type or 4th century B.C. (but two other rim profilesare found with
L 59. PLATE, STAMPED. Pls. 36, 70.

GROUP L LAYERS I-IV

81

The following objects (L63-78) were found in sifting Yellowishbuff to pinkishbuff clay; dull, darkred the driedwell-earth,afterexcavation;it is not possible glaze (partial). to assign these pieces to specificlayerswithin the well From a bowl similar in shape to K 17. At center but of it is that L I. 63 to floor, applique medallion: bust of Athena, to filling, likely belongs Layer left, wearing crested Corinthianhelmet; over her right shoulder,a spear, the point of which appears FINE WARE behind the helmet crest. The subject of this medallion,as of that of K 17, L 63. BOWLFRAGMENT, MEDALLION APPLIQU]. P1. 86. can be paralleledin contemporary lamps of Broneer's P 16865.Max. dim. 0.05. Singlefragmentpreserves type XXVII, as Agora L 2043 (P1. 86; see also center of floor and base. Broneer,Lamps,no. 582, pi. XII).
OBJECTS OTHER THAN POTTERY

L 64. LAMP.

P1. 45. The values arrangedas on L 68. Each pip consists of two circulargrooveswith dot at center. L 3953. L. 0.09; W. 0.067; H. 0.084. Intact. Reddish buff clay. L 71. BONEDIE. PI. 56. Rim: debasedherringbone pattern.Discus:rosette. BI 542b. Dim. 0.012 at each Intact. approx. edge. Handle: solid, grooved above and below. Base: two As L 70. concentric grooves. Perlzweig. L 65. GLASS BOWL. P1. 55. L 72. BONEDIE. P1. 56.

G 228. P.H. 0.058; D. est 0.12. Base and two-thirds BI 543. Dim. 0.016-0.017 at edge. Completebut of body and rim missing. Colorless glass. split at three points. A bowlof hemispherical neck As L 70. shapewith contracted and plainlip. A groovebelowlip on exterior;just below P1. 56. point of maximum diameter, a horizontal band of L 73. BONEPIN. BI 544. L. 0.087; W. knob 0.005. Original point short, vertical, wheel-cut grooves, widely spaced. L 66. GLASS CUP FRAGMENT. P1. 55. broken and the shaft resharpenedin antiquity. The shaft is round in section; the knob is crudely G 227. P.H. 0.034. Fragment of foot and base of cut in imitationof a cone-like finialsuch as that ofL74. cup; resting surfaceof foot missing. Colorless glass. The stemmed foot of a heavy cup or bowl. L 74. BONEPIN. P1. 56. L 67. QUARTZCRYSTAL. P1. 54. BI 540. L. 0.066; W. knob 0.009. Originalpoint G 226. P.L. 0.04; Max. Th. 0.021. broken and the shaft resharpened in antiquity. A natural quartz crystal consistingof a hexagonal The shaft is round in section; the knob is coneprism with a hexagonal pyramid at one end; the shaped.Incisedgroovesaroundstem just below knob. opposite end (presumablya corresponding pyramid) L 75. BONEPIN. is brokenaway. BI 541. L. 0.073; W. 0.007. Intact. L 68. BONEDIE. Pl. 56. Roughly cut pin; the shaft terminates in a flat BI 539a.Dim. approx.0.012 at each edge. Intact. without finial. top The values are arrangedas on modem dice (1-6, 2-5, 3-4), but the numberedfaces do not succeedone L 76. BRONZE BOWL FRAGMENT. P1. 73. anotherin exactly the same manner:when the die is B 735. H. 0.01; D. foot 0.045. Foot and part of held between thumb and forefingerwith the "1" floor preserved. uppermost and is revolved toward the left, the From a bowl with high ring foot. sequence of faces is 2-4-5-3 (rather than 2-3-5-4). KEY. P1. 53. Eachpipconsistsof a circular groovewith dot at center. L 77. BRONZE L 69-72, M 109, M 251. B 736. L. 0.031; D. ring 0.022; Th. 0.013. Intact. Compare The bit is an oblong plate (groovedlongitudinally L 69. BONEDIE. P1. 56. on both surfaces but without teeth) attached by a BI 539b. Dim. approx.0.012 at each edge. Intact. short stem to a plain ring. Compare M 189, M 319. The values are arrangedand the numberedfaces succeed one another just as on modern dice. Each L 78. PAIR OF IRON KEYS. P1. 53. pip consists of a circulargroove with dot at center. IL 777. Average L. 0.035; averageD. ring 0.023. L 70. BONEDIE. P1. 56. Both keys apparentlycomplete but extensively corBI 542a. Dim. approx. 0.014 at each edge. Intact; roded; details of surfacecannot be determined. edges worn. Similarto L 77.
6

GROUP M
1ST TO 6TH CENTURY This group constitutes the filling of Deposit M 17:1 (see Pl. 76 for grid plan of the excavated area), a well which in its penultimate phases served a building lying to the south of the east-west road which borderedthe Agora on the south.1This building is characterizedat its southern end by an apse of heavy construction with three niches in its rear wall. The well lies approximately 21.50 m. due north of the rear wall of the apse, within the southern of a pair of rooms whose western walls have been destroyed. The well was lined with terracotta tiles from top to bottom and reached a depth of 35.30 m.2 The location of the mean water level of ancient times, which of course varied with the season and the annual rainfall, can be estimated to have been at least above the 21.00 m. line, since the well was still in use in the late 6th century, when the shaft had already been filled up to that level with pottery and other household debris.3 This well produced a total of 342 complete or nearly complete pots,4 plus a large number of lamps and objects of clay, metal, bone, stone, wood and glass. This material had accumulated in the shaft over a period of at least five centuries during which the well was in normal use as a water-source. With the exception of one or two brief interruptions, this period of use seems to have been continuous from the middle of the 1st century of our era to the end of the 6th, a range also embraced by an equally productive well excavated in the summer of 1955 in the area lying further east along the south side of the road.5The abundance of pottery from both these wells rendersthem of primaryimportance as a tool for typological study; the presence at certain levels in Deposit M 17:1 of coins and of other objects which can be dated on intrinsic evidence helps to establish the chronology of the filling. It must be observed, however, that the mobility of pottery in the moist silt of the well filling is very great (especially so when the vessels are already in fragments at the tinie of their entry into the well) and that the depth at which an object is found in the shaft cannot be an absolute indication of its chronological association with other objects found at the same level. There can be no real "stratification"in a period-of-usefilling from a well, but only a gradual accretion of material, of which that at the lower level will be presumably earlier in date than that found above.6 The pottery in the lowest 14.30 m. of well fill (the period-of-use fill proper) was initially stored in 107 containers. After the mending and inventorying of the finds, the sherds and other objects which were considered worthy of saving were stored in 38 five-gallon tins and in 12 wooden trays. A complete analysis of this inventoried and uninventoried pottery has resulted in the division of the well filling into thirteen layers (plusa fourteenthfor the upper, dumped fill; see below). These layers and the evidence on which they are dated are summarizedbriefly below.
The well, located in excavation section D, was dug between March 13 and April 15,1937. See Hesperia, VII, 1938, p. 325. From depth 8.00 m. the shaft was cut through bedrock, which, however, was here so soft that the tile lining was still required. Each ring of tiles was 0.70 m. in diameter and consisted, as usual, of three segments (see above, p. 73). 3 After the emptying of the shaft in 1937, water rose to the 25.00 m. line (10.00 m. above bottom) within thirty-five days; further observations were impossible because of the necessity of refilling the shaft. 4 Of these, 91 duplicates were not inventoried; they are referred to in the catalogue, passim, under the heading "Storage." 5 Deposit Q 17:4. See Hesperia, XXV, 1956, pp. 53-57. 6 It should be noted especially in regard to coins that they may easily filter down in the well silt; the numismatic evidence must for that reason be used with caution.
1 2

GROUP M

83

Layer I (34.20 m.-bottom), M 130. Middle of the 1st century after Christ. The date is based upon: the presence of one coin of the first half of the 1st century;7 similarities between pottery of this layer and pieces of Layer II of Group G; the absence of fragments of western sigillata fabrics such as do occur in G II. Layer II (33.50 m.-34.20 m.), M 31-60. Late 1st and first half of 2nd century. The date is based upon: the graffiti of M 45 and 46 (bearing the dates 112 and 131 respectively); similarities between vessels of this layer and others of Group G, Layer III, Group H and Group J, Layer I (cf. M 39 and [54]). Layer III (32.00 m.-33.50 m.), M 61-112. Second half of 2nd century. The date is based upon: similarities between vessels of this layer and others of Group J, Layers I-III, and GroupK (cf. M 80, 88, [69i); the absence of the painted and stamped wares and the late Roman red wares which are abundant in Group K of the middle of the 3rd century. Layer IV (31.50 m.-32.00 m.), M [113]-138. Early 3rd century. There are similarities between some vessels of this layer and others of GroupK (cf. M [113 , 116-117, 132); but the absence of the painted and stamped wares and the late Roman red wares, which are abundant in Layer V and in GroupK, indicates a date in the first half, perhaps first third, of the century. M 125, dated by its graffito to the year 145, was found in the lower levels of this layer and may belong stratigraphically with Layer III. Layer V (30.30 m.-31.50 m.), M 139-189. Middle of the 3rd century to 267. The pottery of this fill is very like that of Group K, which has been assigned with some certainty to a period just prior to the Herulian sack of Athens.8 Above Layer V there appeared considerable metal waste (foundry slag?) and for a depth of about 0.50 m. whole or nearly whole vessels, such as occurred at both lower and higher depths, were absent. These facts suggest a period of disuse during which the shaft served occasionally as a dump but was not used as a source of water. The disruption of civic life caused by the inroads of the Heruli might well explain such an interruption in the active life of the well. Layer VI (29.50 m.-30.30 m.), M 190-208. Late 3rd century, after 267. In the upper level of this layer appeared an Antoninianus of Probus (276-282).9 Relatively little pottery was found in this layer; pieces from the lowest level, as M 190-196, have close parallels in Layer V, while others from the upper level, as M 194, resemble material from Layer VII. Layer VII (27.50 m.-29.50 m.), M 209-252. Early 4th century. Numerous parallels can be observed to vessels of Group L, Layer II (cf. M 215, 223, 237). Layer VIII (26.50 m.-27.50 m.), M 253-264. Middle of 4th century. Similarities can be observed between vessels of this layer and others of Group L, Layer III (cf. p. 108). Layer IX (25.00 m.-26.50 m.), M 265-288. Late 4th century. There is no internal evidence for chronology, but Layer X, more precisely datable, provides a terminus ante quem. Layer X (24.00 m.-25.00 m.), M 289-309. Early 5th century. Much of the late Roman stamped ware (such as M 289, q.v.) found in the Agora has occurredin conjunction with coins of the late 4th and the 5th centuries. There appears to be a sharp break between the pottery types of Layer IX and those of Layer X; in the latter, gouged jugs (as M 292-293, 297-299)
8

Athenian Imperial bronze, as Svoronos, Ath., pi. 95, no. 13. Above, p. 59. 9 Thompson, Coins, no. 686.

6*

84

THE ATHENIAN AGORA: POTTERY OF THE ROMAN PERIOD and late stamped ware (M289) make their first appearancein GroupM. Layer X is apparently contemporary with Layer IV of Group L, which, however, is a dumped filling rather than a use filling.

Layer XI (23.20 m.-24.00 m.), M 310-319. Late 5th century. There is no intrinsic evidence for the dating of either this layer or the following (XII). The dates here assigned are taken arbitrarily as intermediate points between the end of Layer X and the probable beginning of XIII. Layer XII (22.40 m.-23.20 m.), M 320-48. Early 6th century. See note to Layer XI above. Layer XIII (21.00 m.-22.40 m.), M 349-384. Late 6th century. The vessels of this layer appear to be slightly earlierin date than a group of 35 early 7th century vases found in an osteotheke discovered in Athens in 1947;10the date of the osteotheke is given by two gold coins, of Tiberius II (578-582) and Mauricius Tiberius (582-602). M 367 is similar to a number of miniature lekythoi from the osteotheke, but it has an elaborate foot, whereas almost all the vases from the osteotheke are without foot. M 364 and 366 have some similarities to pottery from the osteotheke, but in general the vessels of GroupM, Layer XIII, are more carefully made and more decorative (gouged and painted ornament)than those from the 7th century group. It is tempting to suggest that the terminus ante quem for Layer XIII is the last quarter of the 6th century, when Slavic hordes invaded Athens and caused the retreat of the population back within the line of the old Late Roman Fortification of the late 3rd century.1' For three centuries thereafter the well shaft remained open but was not used as a source of water. Layer XIV (top to 21.00 m.), M 385-391. 9th and 10th centuries. There is a considerableperiod of disuse between Layers XIII and XIV. The depth of XIV and the paucity of objects found indicate that this is a dumpedfilling, thrown in to close the shaft. The date is indicated by the appearance of Byzantine glazed pottery (Miss Alison Frantz has kindly examined the inconsiderableceramic remains of this level and has suggested the dating noted above). Throughoutthe depth of the well there appeared,at differentlevels, considerablequantities of sea shells, nutshells, fruit pits, pine cones and knucklebones, a selection of which is illustrated on Plate 56.
LAYER I (MIDDLE OF lST CENTURY) Pls. 18, 70. 3. CUP, TWO HANDLES. VM P 11654. H. 0.043; D. 0.064. Fragmentary; restored. Reddish, micaceous clay; brown slip; thin, brittle fabric. Cup with very low ring foot and plain lip; two delicate handles rise to a point above the rim. Grooves on exterior below lip and near foot. M 4. BEAKER FOOT. P 22014. P.H. 0.023; D. foot est. 0.085. Small fragment of foot with part of wall.

MISCELLANEOUS GLAZED AND NON-GLAZED WARES

18, 58, 70. LITO P. P 10059. H. 0.041; D. 0.08. Fragmentary; restored. Pinkish buff clay; orange-red glaze. Similar to 0 68. On base, a graffito: X.
Pls. 18, 70. M 2. CUP, TWOHANDLES. P 10058. H. 0.072; D. 0.095. Fragmentary; restored. Soft, buff clay; dull, brown to black glaze (partial). As G 80.

10Located on Sophroniskos Street; excavated by John Threpsiades,to whom I am indebted for an opportunity to examine the pottery and to refer to it here. 1 Thompson, Coins, p. 3.

GROUP M
Reddish clay, fired gray at core. The foot of a beaker (?) as G 94 and H 3. This fragmenthas been used in reconstructingthe profile of a brittle ware beakerfrom a contemporary filling: P 762 (P1.63). P.H. 0.072; P.D. est. 0.085. Part of body preserved, with a trace of the foot. Light red, micaceousclay; thin fabric. A beakerwith roulettingand grooving,as F 20-22, but on a ring foot.
M 10. MORTAR.

85

P1. 18. [M 5].GLOBULAR JUG, TREFOIL MOUTH. P 7307. Deposit D 11:1 (late 1st century before and early 1st century after Christ). H. 0.15; D. 0.115. Part of lip missing; restored. Hard, reddishbuff clay; dull, red glaze (partial). Almost globularbody on ring foot; bulbous neck and trefoil mouth. Handle placed at a 900 angle to the left from the pouringspout ratherthan diametrically opposite it. Storage, Layer I-fragment of the neck of a similar jug. A similar, but better glazed specimen, P 21740, has been found in the Augustan filling of Storage,Layer I, coarse householdware-fragments Deposit R 10:1. of a micaceousone-handled jar similarto M 45. M 6. BULBOUS UNGUENTARIUM. PI. 18.

P 11652. H. 0.082; D. inner edge of rim est. 0.84; D. foot est. 0.30. A single fragment preserves the completeprofileexcept for the lip. Pinkish to buff clay, fired gray at core; tiny bits of black stone set into the surface on the interior providean abradingsurface. Open basin with flat base; wide, everted, horizontal rim. Concentric grooveson base. This form of mortar, quite different from the Hellenistic type with sloping rim seen in E 124, is found also, in more nearly completeform in P 14839 (Pls. 38, 72; found with other fragmentsof 1st century pottery): H. 0.073; D. inner edge of rim est. 0.31; D. foot est. 0.22. Three non-joiningpieces preserve the full profileand a trace of the spout; restored. Pinkish buff clay with grits; tiny bits of black stone on interior surface. Shape as M 10. Narrowspout; at least two round discs appliedto rim surfaceat either side.

P 10060. H. 0.178; D. 0.066. Intact except for M 11. FRYING PAN HANDLE. chip from lip. P 11653. P.L. 0.108. Handle preserved,with part Hard, buff clay with grits; dull, brown glaze of rim. aroundmouth only. Gritty, brownishclay. As G 98, but more slender. See note on F 50. As G 114, but larger. Storage, Layer I-fragments of the bases of two other similarunguentariaand of one similarto G 97. Storage, Layer I, cooking ware-fragments of: M 7. BULBOUS UNGUENTARIUM. P1. 18. cookingpot as G 195; trefoil-mouth jug as G 120. P 10061. H. 0.15; D. 0.062. Intact. Hard, reddishbuff clay with grits; apparentlynot LARGE STORAGE VESSELS glazed. As M 6. P1. 18. [M 12]. AMPHORA. BULBOUS UNGUENTARIUM. P 16191. DepositN 20:1 (firsthalf of 1st century). P1. 18. [M 8]. H. 0.40; D. 0.30. Intact. P 10351. Found in close connection with graves of the early 1st century after Christ. Gritty, gray-buffclay; buff slip; mastic. H. 0.069; D. 0.042. Intact. Plump, ovoid body tapering to a small, flat base. Wide neck, thickened lip. Broad, ridged handles. Hard, pinkishbuff clay. As M 6-7, but smallerand plumper. Ridge aroundneck at t.a.h.; groovesaroundshoulder. Storage,Layer I-several joining fragmentsof an Compare F 73. unguentariumalmost identical with P 10351. Storage, Layer I-fragments of an amphora identical with P 16191 (mastic). Storage,Layer I, miscellaneous wares-fragments of: with reddish brown plate glaze, possibly as G 49; P1. 19. non-glazedplate of coarse,pinkishgray clay, similar [M 13]. AMPHORA. to G 82-84. P 4201. Used as packing, along with two other amphorae,in a cistern channel through which the COARSE HOUSEHOLD AND COOKING WARES well E 15:1 was dug; similar amphorae occur in M 9. FUNNEL. P1. 18. fillings of the late 1st and early 2nd centuries. P 11651.H. 0.233; D. 0.30. Fragmentary; restored. H. 1.11; D. 0.278. Almost complete; restored. Hard, buff clay with grits. Hard, pinkish buff clay with grits; light buff slip. As F 63, but larger; probablyhad one horizontal Cylindrical body taperingto a blunt toe; shoulder strap handle. The body encircledby three horizontal set off at angle from both wall and neck; thickened bands of dull, brownishglaze. Comparealso M 119. lip; double rolled handles,

86

THE ATHENIAN AGORA: POTTERY OF THE ROMAN PERIOD

Fat-belliedbody, the point of maximumdiameter Storage, Layer I-fragments of an amphora similarin shape to P 4201 (hard,reddishclay, fired near the bottom. Narrow toe, blunt at end. Long, narrow neck with heavy, collar-like lip; heavy gray on exterior;buff slip). handles, round in section. On the lip, traces of a 19. STAMPED. AMPHORA, P1. narrow [M 14]. rectangular stamp, worn and illegible. Funnels as F 64 may have been designedfor filling SS 5945. Deposit R 13:1 (early 1st century). H. 1.055; D. 0.41. One handle and part of other such amphorae (PI. 19 shows F 64 in the neck of missing. [M 14]). Storage, Layer I-foot and fragments of handle Fine, buff, micaceousclay; thick and rather soft of an amphorasimilar to SS 5945. fabric.
OBJECTS OTHER THAN POTTERY

Narrow,plain rim, set off from the deep, concave discus by a singlegroove; tripartitelug at either side L 3001. P.L. 0.062. Only the nozzle is preserved. of rim. Handle, groovedlongitudinally,not made in Pinkish buff clay; black to brown glaze. the mould. On base, in relief, the letter alpha. PerlLong nozzle with rounded tip, flanked by small zweig. lugs. Howland type 35 B. Storage, Layer I-lamp handle similar to that PI. 46. of M 20. M 16. LAMP. L 2998. L. 0.103; W. 0.063; H. 0.032. Intact. Storage, Layer I, lamps-fragments similar to Buff clay; dull, black glaze (partial). G 130-131. Rim: largeleaves in relief. Nozzletriangular.Base LOOMWEIGHT. P1. 50. M 21. PYRAMIDAL flat and offset from body. Howland type 54 B. MC362. H. 0.12; base dim. 0.072x0.066. Intact. P1. 46. M 17. LAMP. Coarse,buff clay with grits. See L 58a. Also Pnyx, I, pp. 73-76; Davidson, L 2999. P.L. 0.081; W. 0.065; H. 0.033. Handle Minor and nozzle brokenaway. Objects, pp. 161-162. Pinkish buff clay; dull, black glaze. PI. 50. LOOMWEIGHT. M 22. CONICAL Rim: smallleaves and tendrils.Base flat. Howland MC363. H. 0.09; D. 0.054. Intact. type 54 C (see underHowland,Lamps,no. 779). Hard, reddishclay. See Pnyx, I, pp. 76-79. The conical loomweight P1. 46. M 18. LAMP HANDLE. continuedin use into the 1st centuryafter Christ;the L 3213. P.H. 0.037; P.L. 0.043. Upper part of shape of M 22, however,with the angle of the profile handle only. near the base, seems closer to Hellenistic than to Buff clay; slight traces of white paint (?). Roman examples (see also Davidson, Minor Objects, The tip of a large handle with handle-guard. The M 204, M 318. vertical, pierced handle proper is protected in pp. 148-161). Compare front by a flat plate divided into two discs, each M 23. GLASS BOWL FRAGMENT. P1. 54. markedwith a circulargroove.Perlzweig. G 164. Max. dim. 0.036. Single fragmentof wall and floor. M 19. LAMP. PI. 46. Dark yellow to brown glass with white veins; L 3000. D. rim est. 0.08. Numerousjoining and mould-pressed. non-joining fragments preserve nozzle and part of Froman openbowl; on the interior,two concentric discus and body (only the nozzle fragment is illus- grooves; on the exterior, vertical ribs which grow trated). wider towardthe top. Soft, pale buff clay; thin fabric; dull, brownglaze, similarspecimensof the 1st centuryfrom Compare muchworn. Corinth:Davidson, MinorObjects,p. 95, nos. 595ff. Broad, concave discus marked by one broad and BOWL FRAGMENTS. P1. 54. two narrow concentricridges and set off from the M 24. GLASS G 163.Max.dim.0.03. Threenon-joining fragments plain, narrow rim by a single groove. Volutes at either side of nozzle, against rim. CompareF 104. of lip and wall. The nozzle of M 19 is roundedand the volutes are Apparentlymade arounda sand core: at the lip, a narrow green band; the wall made up of a series set ratherclose together.Perlzweig.
M 15. LAMPNOZZLE. P1. 46. M 20. LAMP, SIGNED.

woven two fine, spiral threads of yellow glass), L 2997. L. 0.099; W. 0.082; H. 0.026. Intact. disposedhorizontallyaround the core. Buff clay; dull, red to black glaze, much worn. From an open bowl with plain lip.

P1. 46.

of transparent glass rods (about each of which were

GROUP M
BEAD. M 25. GLASS

87
BRONZE BUCKET.

PI. 54.

M 28.

PI. 51.

B 435. P.H. 0.15; D. 0.218. Fragmentary; the G 162. D. 0.021; Th. 0.017. Intact. bottom dark blue of bead Globular,pierced glass piece does not join; handle missing. opaque, Round-bottomed bucket with plain, thickened with light blue spots marvered in flush with the surface. lip; two heavy lugs riveted to the sides provideloops above the lip for attachingthe bail handle. Compare Minor nos. 2429ff. Objects, CompareDavidson, L 19-20. Storage, Layer I, glass-numerous small fragments of colored,mouldmadeglass and of transpar- M 29. BASEOFBRONZE VESSEL. P1. 53. ent, blown glass. B 436. D. 0.101; Th. 0.01. Base only preserved. A solid disc of bronze, presumablybroken from M 26. BONE IMPLEMENT. the bottom of a jug or other closed vessel. On the BI 371. L. 0.103; W. 0.005. Tip brokenaway. a broadouter ridge (the ring foot) and A pin-shapedimplement with a small spoon-like undersurface, two narrow concentric ridges. depressionat wider end. As G 163.

M27. BONECOUNTER,GRAFFITO.

Pls. 56, 58.

M 30. LEAD WHEEL.

P1. 53.

BI 428. D. 0.024; Th. 0.003. Intact. Circulardisc; on the obverse, a central boss and two concentric ridges; on the smooth reverse, a graffito: s IA (i.e., [row] six, [seat] eleven ?). Probably a theater ticket or gaming piece; see Davidson, Minor Objects, pp. 217-222, especiallyno. 1679.

IL 638. D. est. 0.052. Half the rim and three of the four spokes are preserved. A wheel of four spokeswith a knob at the hub on one side; attached to the rim a strand of lead so twisted that its original shape and purpose cannot be determined. ComparePnyx, I, p. 108, no. 1.

LAYER II (LATE 1ST AND FIRST HALF OF 2ND CENTURY)

MISCELLANEOUSGLAZED AND NON-GLAZEDWARES

M 34. BOWL.

Pls. 18, 70.

P 10056. H. 0.031; D. 0.155. Intact. M 31. SAMIANA BOWL. Pls. 18, 61. Soft, micaceous,buff clay; orange-redglaze, thin P 10054.H. 0.039; D. 0.14. Fragmentary,centerof and dull on exterior. floor missing; restored. Shapeas G59. On the floor,five rings of rouletting Micaceous,cinnamon-redclay; orange-redglaze. executed as a continous spiral. There was apparentlyno potter's stamp on such bowls (cf. AgoraP 15425 and P 15872),but applique M35. FAIENCE PLATE. Pls. 18, 62. medallionsmay occasionallyhave been set into the P 10051. P.H. 0.025; D. foot est. 0.125. Fragment depressed center of the floor. CompareHolwerda, of floor, foot and rim; lip not preserved. Leiden, no. 396. In the L. A. Benachi collection, Friable, gritty, coarse, white fabric; no trace of Alexandria, there is a Samian B bowl of shape glaze preserved (probably was covered with a similarto M 31, though lacking the floor-depressions vitreous glaze). (H. 0.047; D. 0.175); it has an applique gorgoneion, Plate with vertical, flangedrim. CompareG 160. struck from a very worn mould, set at the center of the floor and surroundedby a band of rouletting M 36. BICONICAL JUG, ROUND MOUTH. P1. 18. (P1.43). P 10057. H. 0.108; D. 0.10. Intact except for handle; restored. A BOWL. M 32. SAMIAN P1. 62. Orange-buff clay; dull, red glaze (partial). P 11642. H. 0.035; D. est. 0.11. Two joining Biconical body on ring foot; everted lip. Two fragmentspreserveprofileexcept for center of floor. horizontal bands of rouletting at b.a.h. Compare Clay and glaze as M 31. F44. Similar to G 213 (and G 168). Pls. 18, 57, 62. M 33. SAMIAN A CUP. P 21150.Deposit N 19:2 (firsthalf of 2nd century). P 10055. H. 0.062; D. 0.115. Intact. H. 0.17; D. rest. 0.155. Fragmentary, handle Micaceous,light cinnamon-redclay; soft fabric; missing; restored. Reddish clay; thin red to black glaze (partial). dull, orange-redglaze, much worn. Globular Shape as G 28. On the rim, two applique spiral jug on ring foot; vertical rim markedby ornaments; on the floor, device-stamp: cross in horizontalgrooves;three horizontalbands of rouletsquare. G 87, M 67. ting aroundshoulder.Compare
[M 37].
GLOBULAR JUG, ROUND MOUTH.

P1. 18.

88

THE ATHENIAN AGORA: POTTERY OF THE ROMAN PERIOD

Ovoid body on ring foot; the ridged handle is Storage,Layer II-fragments of at least fourjugs similar to P 21150; of these one is considerably attachedbehindthe lip; a horizontalgrooveat b.a.h. smallerin size, one may have been larger. The body is not wheel-ridged. G 189. Compare II-three similar jugs, all of Storage, Layer M 38. JUG, TREFOIL MOUTH. P1. 20. slightly smallersize. P 11648. H. 0.35; D. 0.21. Almost complete; M 43. JUG, ROUNDMOUTH. restored. P1. 20. Reddish buff clay, buff slip. P 11650. H. 0.227; D. 0.143. Most of lip missing, Piriform body on ring foot; bulbous neck and body almost complete;restored. trefoil mouth (cf. [M 5]). Groovedhandle. The jug Soft,orange-brown claywithgrits;buffslip; mastic. is decoratedwith white paint (addedafter firing)on Ovoid body on ring foot; almost horizontal the handle, around the mouth and in six vertical shoulder;high, cylindricalneck with evertedlip, flat stripeson the body; betweeneach two stripes,at the on top. A ridge aroundneck at level of t.a.h.; ridged mid-point of the body, a round spot of white paint. handle. Thereis a slight wideningof the neck at its Storage, Layer II, glazed ware-fragments of: a mid-point. bulbous-neckedjug similar to [M 5] (buff clay, M 44. WATER JAR, BASKET HANDLE. PI. 20. brownish black glaze); a cup with flanged rim P 11645. H. 0.26; D. 0.212. Almost complete; similarto G 74-76 (reddishbuff clay, reddishbrown restored. glaze). Hard, pinkishbuff clay; self-slip. Ovoid body on heavy ring foot; short neck; COARSE HOUSEHOLD AND COOKING WARE everted,roundedlip; ridgedhandle.Contrast[G 106], J 44, [J 45], M 88-89, M 198. M 39. STAMNOS, PARTLY GLAZED. P1. 18. Storage, Layer II-foot and body fragments of P 10049. H. 0.19; D. 0.172. Intact. several vessels probablysimilar to M 44. reddish Micaceous, clay with grits; buff slip. As G 101, J 4, M 40. Horizontalgroovesabove and M 45. JAR, ONE HANDLE, GRAFFITO. Pls. 20, 58. below the handles; an incised wave line between the P 11644.H. rest. 0.45; D. 0.22. Mouthand part of grooves. Decoration in dull red glaze: broad horibody missing; restored. at zontal bands mouth, below handlesand below the brownto grayclay withmuchmica;blackslip. Fine, point of maximum diameter; stripe on top of each Ovoid, wheel-ridgedbody, tapering to a neatlyhandle. turned,tubularfoot. Splayed handle, markedlongiM 40. STAMNOS, PARTLY GLAZED. P1. 18. tudinally by a single, very broad groove. At the P 11640. H. 0.235; D. 0.22. Almost complete; base of the handle, a graffito: PMB.This is read by Miss Mabel Lang as the year 142 of the Actian era restored. Coarse,reddish to brownishclay with grits; self- = A.D. 112 (Lang,DatedJars, no. 8). F 65 and other jars cited there. Compare slip. As M 39, but the body is moreplump and the lip Storage, Layer II-fragments of at least six is everted. Horizontal grooves above and below the similarjars, some of which have brown,others black handles. Decoration in dull black glaze applied as slip. on M 39.
M 46. JAR, ONE HANDLE, GRAFFITO.

P1. 58.

M 41. AMPHORA, WIDE MOUTH.

P1. 18.

P 10052. H. 0.215; D. 0.175. Almost complete. Orange-buff clay with grits, buff slip; mastic. Ovoid body on ring foot; low neck with wide mouth and offset lip apparentlydesignedto receive a lid; two groovesaroundverticaledge of lip. Ridged handles. Horizontalgroove on neck and on shoulder at b.a.h. Storage, Layer II-fragments of another similar amphoraof slightly smaller size (reddishclay, gray M 47. AMPHORA. P1. 20. slip; mastic). P 10050. H. 0.30; D. 0.188. Almost complete; M 42. JUG, TREFOIL MOUTH. PI. 20. restored. P 11647. H. 0.223; D. 0.155. Almost complete; Pinkish buff clay, buff slip. restored. Ovoidbody on ring foot; everted,overhanging lip; reddish with handles markedby a single groove. Compare M 90. Soft, clay grits.

P 11643. P. H. 0.17. Neck, handle and part of shoulderpreserved. Fine, brownclay with much mica; brownto black slip. From a jar as M 45. At the base of the handle, a erous] PEA. The readingis by Miss graffito: Nf[KrS MabelLang, who interpretsthe text as representing the year 161 of the Actian era = A.D. 131 (Lang, DatedJars, no. 14).

GROUP M
M 48. AMPHORA. Pls. 20, 78.
LARGE STORAGE VESSELS

89

P 11649. H. 0.405; D. 0.26. Almost complete. AMPHORA. P1.19. [M 531. STORAGE Orange-buff clay with grits, self-slip; mastic. P 11696. Deposit M 18:1 (2nd century). Ovoid body; grooved base. Rolled lip with proH. rest. 0.655; D. 0.257. Fragmentary;upper and below. oval in section. Ridged handles, jecting flange lower a of similar body sections do not join directly; restored. Storage,LayerII-fragments amphora of gray-buffclay (mastic). Fine, reddish brown clay; thin fabric; traces of white slip. AMPHORA. 20. P1. 49]. [M Cylindrical, wheel-ridged body with rounded P 12463. Deposit N 20:5 (late 1st to early 2nd bottom. Heavy, rolled lip. Handles oval in section. This shape is related to that of G 197, H 20 and century). H. 0.415; D. 0.25. Almost complete;restored. M 102. Pinkish buff clay with grits, fired gray in part; Storage, Layer II-neck and handles of an mastic. amphoraprobablysimilarto P 11696: brownishclay Ovoidbody on ring foot; mouldedbase. Rolled lip with tracesof white slip; the handlesarenearlyround with flangebelow, as in M 48. Wide handles. in section. II-three similar bases Storage, Layer (mastic). P 12361. Deposit N 20:2 (second half of 1st century). H. 0.775; D. 0.305. Intact except for the tips of the handles and a small hole in the body. Gritty, dark buff clay; self-slip. Large, heavy body built up in two sections and terminatingbelow in a short, blunt toe. The upper section tapers towarda roundmouth with rolledlip; there is no neck. Double rolled, horned handles. On M 51. COOKING POT. P1.20. the body, decorationand inscriptionsin red paint: P 11646. H. 0.25; D. 0.238. Almost complete; a broad horizontalband at the mid-pointof the body restored. and another between this and the lip; above the Coarse,red to brownishclay. a Biconical body on moulded base; narrow flange upperband, large letter zetaon one side, epsilonon the other; beneath each handle an elaboratesymbol below lip; body wheel-ridged. ormonogram. Ofthe monograms, that shownat the left M 52. COOKING on POT. Plate 19 the PI. 20. mayrepresent numeral146 or 546 (ppu, P 11641. H. 0.225; D. 0.191. Fragmentary; ppu).That at the right may be: Xvu(a in ligature or the symbol for io-rai combinedwith M (= 40); restored. Miss Rather coarse,reddishbuff clay with grits. Lang states that although the capacity of the Round-bottomedpot with low, flaring lip. Flat, vessel has not been verified,its size seemsappropriate A closeparallel to the latter grooved handles. Horizontalgroove around body at to a capacityof 40 EoT-rn. b.a.h. dipinto appears on an amphora from Nubia dated A.D. 50-75 (recordedin the register book of the coarse household wares-frag- Egyptian Department,Museumof Fine Arts, Boston: Storage, Layer II, ments of: an amphora probably similar to M 103; HU-MFA-21-3-378, from Begarawiyah,tomb N 17, a round-mouthedjug probably similar to [J 42]; chamberA). CompareG 126. three round-mouthed jugs similar to [G 103], J 43 Storage,Layer II-fragments of the handlesof an and M 80; a jug as G 188 and [M 101]. amphorasimilar to P 12361.
OBJECTS OTHER THAN POTTERY

M 50. AMPHORA.

P1.20. P 10053. H. 0.32; D. 0.205. Complete;filling hole. Micaceous,gray clay with white grits, firedbrown on exterior. Ovoid body on flat base. Everted, rolled lip. Flat handles. Compare M 98. Storage, Layer II-fragments of two similar amphorae(mastic).

[M 54]. STORAGE AMPHORA, DIPINTI.

P1. 19.

M 55. LAMP. P1. 46. L 2996. L. 0.11; W. rest. 0.068; H. 0.035. Fragmentary; restored. Fine, hard, buff clay. Oval body. Rim plain; discus plain. Base marked by oval groove. Handle mouldmade, pierced and grooved above. Perlzweig.

M 56. GLASSBOTTLEFRAGMENT.

P1. 55.

G 111.P.H. 0.095; D. lip 0.038.Lip and neck,with translucent part of the shoulder,preserved.Greenish, glass. Probablyfroma bulbousperfumeflasksuch as the clay unguentariaM 6-7. Everted lip, flat on top. M 106. Compare

90
M

THE ATHENIAN AGORA: POTTERY OF THE ROMAN PERIOD

M 69. SCULPTURED HEAD, UNFINISHED. P1. 52.

PI. 56. 57. BONE MOULDING. BI 678. L. 0.104; H. 0.021; Th. 0.01. Singlepiece, everywhere. apparently preserved theoriginalsurfaces A moulding,perhapsfrom a bone box or casket; the back and bottom surfacesare plain; on the top, two grooves;on face, a broad,concave channelwith a deep groove above and below; the two ends are bevelled for close fitting with the adjoiningsections of the moulding. P1. 73.

S 904. P.H. 0.042; W. 0.032. Broken below the neck. Pentelic marble. A roughly blocked-out female head, inclined slightly to the left; the hair is gathered in a roll aroundthe face and in a knot at the nape of the neck.
M 60. MARBLE OBJECT.

P1. 52.

M 68. WOODEN CUP.

W 8. P.H. 0.037; D. est. 0.05. Two joining fragments preservebase and part of wall and rim. The cup has shrunk considerablysince 1987, and is now preservedin formaldehyde;the profile drawing on P1. 73 is a reconstitution based on the original preserved dimensions and the present appearance. Cupwith thick, flat base and almost vertical wall. Possibletracesof a projectinghandleat the rim.

A 1910. H. 0.20; W. 0.098; Th. 0.048. Intact. Pentelic marble. A slab of marble, apparentlyintended to be set up vertically on one of the narrow ends, in which can be noted the lead-filledcutting for a two-pronged metal dowel. All surfacesare smoothed;the top and one vertical edge are slightly rounded and marked by a singlelongitudinalgroove.The use to which this object was put is not clear. Storage, Layer II, objects other than pottery-two bronze handle-lugs for a bail-handledbucket such as M 28.

LAYER III (SECOND Hi kLF OF 2ND CENTURY)

MISCELLANEOUS GLAZED AND NON-GLAZED WARES

M 64. BOWL.

P1. 70.

P 11631.H. 0.028; D. lip 0.067. Fragmentary,one M 61. THIEMISPHERICAL BOWL, FLANGED RIM. handlemissing; restored. P 11632. P.H. 0.045; D. lip est. 0.21. Small fragYellow-buffclay; dull, red glaze, much worn. ment of rim and wall. Angularbody; small, solid handles,crudelymade, Reddish clay; red glaze. affixedbelow lip. From a bowl similarin shape to G 14. PLATE. P1. 70. Storage,Layer III-fragment of a bowl of similar [M 66]. P 11733.DepositM 19:1 (firsthalf of 2nd century). shape (orangeclay; dull, red glaze). H. 0.053; D. 0.203. Almost complete. Coarse,reddishbuff clay with grits. M 62. BOWL FRAGMENT. Storage, Layer III-fragment of a similar plate P 11633. P.H. 0.025; D. est. 0.20. Small fragment of orange-buff clay. of rim and wall. BOWL. SHALLOW P1. 70. Reddish clay; dull, red glaze. [M 66]. P 11708. Deposit M 18:1 (2nd century). From a bowl similarto G 184; there is no trace of I. 0.028; D. 0.095. Half preserved. handleson the preservedfragment. Coarse,reddishbrownclay with grits. P1. 21. M 63. BOWL. This shape should be compared with F 53-54, P 11619. P.H. 0.142; D. 0.17. Lowerpart of body G 60, G 216. and ring foot preserved. Storage, Layer III-part of a bowl similar to Reddishbuff clay; reddishbrownglaze (partial). P 11708. Deep bowl on ring foot; the wall slopes inward, M 67. GLOBULAR P1. 21. JUG, ROUND MOUTH. but at the preservedtop there is a slight trace of an P 11623. H. 0.197; D. rest. 0.174. Fragmentary; eversion toward a lip (?). This bowl may have had restored. a basket handle, as in the case of a bowl with stamped Rather soft, orange-buff clay; dull, red glaze decoration: (partial). P 11138 (Pls. 40, 86). A debasedexampleof the shape seen in G 87 and Deposit B 14:2 (2nd century). [M 37]. H. rest. 0.117; D. rest. 0.124. Storage, Layer III-one complete jug and fragred buff Pinkish glaze (partial). clay; dull, ments of some six others similarto M 67. Bowl on low ring foot; everted lip; heavy, twisted P1. 21. basket handle. On the upper half of the body, im- M 68. GLOBULAR JUG, ROUNDMOUTH. P 11627. H. 0.195; D. 0.183. Fragmentary; restamp, so arrangedas pressionsof a diamond-shaped stored. inverted to form a pattern of eleven triangles.

GROUP M

91

Apparentlya misfiredpiece. The clay is hard and cup. For other thymiateria,see G 159, H 15, M 224. gray; the originalslip, togetherwith the glaze which A lid such as J 53 might have been used with this presumably covered the jug partially, has peeled thymiaterion. away; the body is seriouslywarped. Storage, Layer III-fragments of two closedvessels, As M 67. each with neatly turned ring foot (D. 0.065 and PI. 21. 0.078); the wall, in its lower portion, as far as [M 69]. GLOBULAR JUG. P 17871. Deposit C 20:1 (late 2nd to early 3rd preserved,is oblique;reddish,micaceousclay with a thin red wash on the exterior; the exteriorsurface century). burnished. H. 0.071; D. 0.064. Intact. clay with some mica; dull, red glaze. Orange-buff COARSEHOUSEHOLDWARES As K 61; no painted decoration. Storage, Layer III-fragments of a similar jug M 75. STAMNOS,PARTLY GLAZED. P1. 21. (orange-buffclay; the glaze has peeled completely P 9923. H. 0.18; D. 0.184. Cracked, but intact. from the surface). Pinkish buff clay, buff slip. As M 39-40, but less globular.Decorationin dull, P1. 21. [M 70]. GLOBULARJUG. red glaze: stripeon lip and on handles;a heavy wave P 11946. Deposit B 14:1 (middle of 1st to early line on eitherside betweenthe handles;broadvertical 3rd century). stripe below each wave line and below each handle. H. 0.072; D. 0.083. Almost complete. Storage, Layer III-fragments of another vessel Buff clay; dull, black glaze (partial). decorated with bandsof red-brown glaze and possibly Globular body on small ring foot; flaring lip. of the in 39-40 and M 75. illustrated M stamnos-type Groovedhandle. These a show fragments,however, deposit of black Storage, Layer III-fragments of a jug almost mastic on the such interior; deposit has not been identical in shape, clay and glaze to P 11946. noted in other stamnoi,but it is presentin the widePOT. P1. 21. mouthed amphorae M 71. SMALL M 41 and M 77. P 9920. H. 0.072; D. 0.064. Fragmentary;restored. M 76. STAMNOS. P1.21. Buff clay, white slip. P 10043. H. 0.135; D. 0.154. Intact. Wheel-ridged body on flat base; everted lip. Two Orange-brown clay with white grits; dull, orangevertical, groovedhandles.A horizontalgroove in the red glaze (partial). handle zone and anotherjust above the base. Globular jar on ring foot; wide mouthwith everted M 72. SMALLPOT. lip. Horizontal handles, round in section, applied P 9924. H. 0.078; D. 0.079. Almost complete. below lip and bent upwardat center to touch underBuff to pinkishbuff clay. surfaceof lip. As M 71, but the body is not wheel-ridged;horiM 77. AMPHORA, WIDE MOUTH. P1.21. zontal groove in the handle zone. P 10038. H. 0.275; D. 0.192. Almost complete; M 73. MINIATUREAMPHORA. P1.21. restored. P 10044. H. 0.102; D. 0.059. Intact. Buff to pinkishbuff clay, self-slip;mastic. buff Coarse,sandy, gray clay; Slender,ovoid body on small ring foot. Neck set slip. Crudelymade; fabric. off from shoulderby a ridge; threehorizontalgrooves heavy The body tapersto a flat base; the lip is thickened. around the vertical edge of the everted lip. Ridged For other miniaturevessels see H 14. handles.Horizontalgroove at b.a.h. M 41. Compare M 74. THYMIATERION. P1.21. Storage, Layer III-a complete amphora and P 10045. P.H. 0.08; D. flange 0.076. Lip and foot fragments of another similar to M 77 but smaller brokenaway. (mastic). Reddish clay, matt white slip overall (except for P1. 21. interior of foot). Traces of burning on floor of cup. M 78. JAR, WIDEMOUTH. Hollow stem surmountedby a cup with oblique P 11630. H. 0.232; D. 0.191. Fragmentary;rewall; cup set off from stem by a pronouncedflange. stored. The originalshapeis suggestedby two thymiateria Brown, micaceousclay. from the 3rd century filling of Deposit J 18:1 - P Plump, wheel-ridgedbody on high, flaring ring 17529, which lacks the flange (publ. Hesperia,XVII, foot; wide mouth and flaringlip with grooveon outer 1948, p. 191, pl. LXIX, 3), and P 17530 (P1.39; the edge. Ridged handles. foot is broken away); both are covered with white Storage, Layer III-fragments of another jar, paint and show traces of burningon the floor of the probablysimilarto M 78 (mastic).

92

THE ATHENIAN AGORA: POTTERY OF THE ROMAN PERIOD

P1. 22.

M 79. JAR, WIDE MOUTH.

P 11637.H. 0.825; D. 0.176.Fragmentary; restored. Yellowishgray clay with grits; the exteriorsurface much worn; mastic. Tall, slender body, narrowing below to a high ring foot and above to a wide mouth with everted lip, flat on top. Ridged handles. M 118. Compare
M 80. JUG, ROUND MOUTH.

Ovoid body on ring foot; everted lip. Ridged handle, attached behind lip. Horizontal groove at b.a.h. Storage, Layer III-one jug, almost complete, and fragments of at least eight others similar to M 85-86.
M 86. JUG, TREFOIL MOUTH.

P 11635. P.H. 0.14. Neck and part of handle and shoulderpreserved. buff clay with satiny texture; self-slip. P 10047.H. 0.116; D. 0.09. Intact. Micaceous, As M but somewhatlarger. 85 buff fired on brownish clay, upper Gritty, gray half of exterior. M 87. JUG, TREFOIL MOUTH. P1. 22. Similarto [G 1031, but of more slender proporP 11625. P.H. 0.207; D. 0.140. Fragmentary; tions; compareJ 43. lower part of body missing; partly restored. Storage,LayerIII-fragments of about six similar buff clay; dull, red glaze, much worn Micaceous, jugs. (partial). P1. 21. Piriform body; probably had ring foot; everted [M 81]. JUG, ROUND MOUTH. M 18:1 P 11704. Deposit (2nd century). lip with groove on upper surface. Ridged handle, H. 0.15; D. 0.121. Almost complete;restored. attached above lip. Two horizontal grooves just Reddish, micaceous clay; dull, red glaze (except belowlip. on base). P1. 22. M 88. WATER JAR, BASKET HANDLE. Ring foot; evertedlip, flat on top. Ridged handle. P 11621. H. 0.35; D. 0.243. Almost complete; Horizontalgroove at b.a.h. and two others lower on restored. the body. Buff to pinkishbuff clay, self-slip. Storage, Layer III-fragment of a jug probably As [J 45]; rolledlip; ridged handle; body lightly similar to P 11704: orange, micaceous clay; dull, wheel-ridged. red glaze. Storage,Layer III-one jar, almost complete,and P1. 21. [M 82]. JUG, ROUND MOUTH. fragments of at least a dozen others similar to M P 20549.Deposit D 17:1 (firsthalf of 2nd century). 88-89. H. 0.24; D. 0.184. Almost complete;restored. P1. 22. M 89. WATER JAR, BASKET HANDLE. Buff clay; dull, black to red glaze (partial). H. D. 11622. 0.197. P 0.286; Globularbody on ring foot; broad, everted lip, Fragmentary; restored. flat on top. Ridged handle. Buff to pinkishbuff clay, self-slip. Storage, Layer II--fragments of a jug presumAs M 88. ably similarto P 20549: buff clay; dull, black to red glaze (partial). Pls. 22, 58. M 90. AMPHORA,GRAFFITO.
P1. 21.
PI. 21. restored. P 11634.H. 0.36; D. 0.254. Fragmentary; Buff to pinkishbuff clay with grits, self-slip. P 11626. H. 0.276; D. rest. 0.194. Fragmentary; As M 47, but the body is plumper;handlesround restored. in section. Graffitoon shoulder(P1.58). Rather soft, micaceous,buff clay. Almost cylindrical, wheel-ridgedbody with flat Storage, Layer III-one amphora, almost combase. Evertedlip, flat on top. Handledeeplygrooved. plete, and fragmentsof three others similarto M 90.

M 83. JUG, ROUNDMOUTH.

M 84. JUG, ROUND MOUTH.

P1. 21.

M 91. AMPHORA.

P1. 22.

P 11624. H. 0.813; D. 0.217. Fragmentary;restored. Reddishbrown,micaceousclay. Piriform body on ring foot; everted lip, flat on top; ridgedhandle.
MOUTH. M 85. JUG, TREFOIL P1. 22.

P 11629. H. 0.292; D. 0.215. Fragmentary; restored. Reddishclay with white grits, buff slip. Plump body on low ring foot; mouldedbase. Wide neck with everted lip, sloping down to exterior and undercut.Ridged handle.Horizontalgroove at t.a.h.
92. MI
AMPHORA, PARTLY GLAZED.

P 11636.H. 0.23; D. 0.148. Fragmentary,most of mouth missing;restored. Pinkish buff clay, buff slip. Exterior surface has appearanceof being burnishedin part.

P1. 22.

P 10046. H. 0.28; D. 0.195. Almost complete; fillinghole; restored. Pinkish buff clay with white grits, self-slip.

GROUP M
Plump body on ring foot; heavy, everted,rounded lip; a horizontal ridge about neck at t.a.h. Flat handles. Decorationin dull red glaze: stripe on lip and on handles; three wide horizontalbands around the body.

98

straight rather than convex profile and the handles are grooved: rather fine, pinkish buff clay; self-slip; mastic.
M 98.
AMPHORA.

P1.22. P 11628. H. 0.845; D. 0.196. Almost complete; P1. 22. restored. M 93. AMPHORA. P 11620.H. 0.30; D. 0.194. Fragmentary; restored. Reddish buff, micaceousclay; buff slip. Pinkish buff clay, self-slip. Ovoidbody on false ring foot. Narrowneck, rolled Ovoid body on ring foot; horizontalridge at the lip. Ridged handles. base of the high, flaringlip. Ridged handles. M 50. Compare Storage, Layer III-fragments of an amphora PI. 35. probably similar to M 93: soft, brownishbuff clay. M 99. AMPHORA(?) BASE. P 10037. P.H. 0.15; D. base 0.103. Only the lower Pls. 22, 58, 73. half M 94. AMPHORA,DIPINTO. preserved. P 10040. P.H. 0.369; D. 0.213. Neck, handles and Reddish buff clay, buff slip; mastic. part of shouldermissing; partly restored. Shape as M 98, as far as preserved. Micaceous,buff clay. Tall, slender body tapering to a flaring ring foot Storage, Layer III, coarse household potterywith moulded base. On the shoulder,an inscription fragments of: jug, probably as G 93; two vessels, probablyas the amphora [M 12]; four vessels, proin red paint: Xac[--] TroSES. The shape'of neck and handlesis indicated in an bably as M 50; over half a dozen water jars of micaamphorafrom the 2nd centurywell filling of Deposit ceous, reddishbrownor black clay, as M 45-46. M 18:1-P 11692: micaceous,orange-buffclay, selfslip; high neck with thickenedlip (P1.40). COOKING WARE AND LARGE STORAGE VESSELS Storage, Layer III-fragments of an amphora PAN. P1. 72. similar to M 94 and to P 11692: micaceous,orange- M 100. COOKING buff clay; self-slip. P 10041. H. 0.044; D. 0.246. Almost complete. Coarse,brown to red-brownclay; firm, red glaze M 95. AMPHORA. Pls. 22, 73. on interior; exterior blackenedby fire. P 11639. H. rest. 0.44; D. 0.20. All of neck and Flat-bottomedpan; compareG 191. of one handle missing; fragmentsof lip, other handle MOUTH. Pls. 23, 73. and body also missing; restored. It is probable,but [M 101]. JUG, TREFOIL not certain, that there were two handles. P 11315.Deposit G 11:2 (early3rdcentury). Rather coarse, reddish clay, with some mica; H. 0.212; D. 0.166. Fragmentary;restored. buff slip. Rather coarse,brownto orange-brown clay. Slenderbody tapering to a high, flaring, tubular Ovoid, wheel-ridgedbody; mouldedbase; flaring, foot. Small, everted, rolled lip. Handles oval in plain lip; sliced handle. CompareG 188. section and markedby a single, deep groove. Storage,Layer II--fragment of the neck and lip J 5. of a jug apparentlysimilarto P 11315. Compare

M 96. AMPHORA.

P1. 22.

M 102. STORAGE AMPHORA FRAGMENT, DIPINTO.

P 10042. H. 0.32; D. 0.22. Intact; filling hole. Pls. 23, 58. P 10048. P.H. D. 0.263. with reddish mastic. max. some 0.254; Neck, mica; Gritty, clay pres. Ovoid body on low ring foot with moulded base. handles and shoulderpreserved. Pinkishbuffclay with white grits, self-slip;mastic. Thickenedlip with groove on vertical edge. Ridged From an amphorasimilarto G 197, H 20. On the handles. There is a swelling of the neck just below the handle attachment. shoulder,an inscriptionin black paint, of which only the numeralp;e (139) is intelligible. base which Storage, Layer III--three fragments be from of or M 91. may Storage, Layer III-fragments of three other amphoraeof the shape M 96 amphoraeof apparentlysimilarshape but of varying M 97. AMPHORA. PI. 22. fabrics (hardreddishclay; gray-buffclay with grits; P 10039. H. 0.298; D. 0.184. Intact; filling hole. brownishclay with some mica). Coarse,buff clay; self-slip. P1. 22. AMPHORA. Ovoid body on narrow ring foot; conical base. M 103. STORAGE in P everted Handles round 11638. H. D. section. 0.198. restored. Small, 0.42; Fragmentary; lip. Coarse, gritty, orange to brownish orange clay, Storage,LayerIII-an amphora,almostcomplete, similar to M 97 except that the lower body has a fired gray in part.

94

THE ATHENIAN AGORA: POTTERY OF THE ROMAN PERIOD

Almost cylindrical body; rounded bottom with Elongated, ovoid, wheel-ridgedbody terminating in small ridged knob. Wide neck and mouth with small projecting knob at center. Wide mouth with heavy, thickenedlip. Handlesmarkedby singleridge. plain, vertical lip. Handles round in section. On the The fabric is similarto that of M 176 and M 334. wall, two inscriptionsin black paint: the upper, in two lines, is illegible;the lower,in threelines, is faded M 104. STORAGE DIPINTI. AMPHORA, Pls. 22, 59. and difficult to read; Miss Lang suggests acrdavov P 9922. H. 0.32; D. 0.173. Fragmentary;restored. d&rr6oSos ()XTrrco (p lirrs &SEXqhCj (reading later than drawingon P1. 59). Gritty, reddishclay; mastic.
OBJECTS OTHER THAN POTTERY

BOTTLE FRAGMENT. P1. 54. Storage, Layer III, lamp fragments-fragments of M 108. GLASS no. 551 159. to G P.H. similar Broneer,Lamps, 0.032; D. lip 0.03. Neck and mouth lamp (with punch marks on rim as no. 679) and of another similar to preserved.Opaquewhite glass. From a bottle with bulbousneck and plain, flaring Broneet, Lamps,no. 570 (cf. also M 132). BEAKER. M 106. GLASS P1. 55.

G 161. H. est. 0.10; D. est. 0.066. Twojoining and two non-joiningfragmentsseem to preservethe full profile.Blue-greenglass. Heavy, disc-like base; almost cylindrical body, tapering slightly toward the plain lip. At the center of the floor a hollow, round knob, of extremely thin fabric; a hole through the base connects with the interior of the knob. A groove around exteriorjust below lip.
FRAGMENTS. BOTTLE M 106. GLASS P1. 73.

lip. M 109. BONEDICE.

P1. 56.

Intact. Apparently a matched pair. The values are arranged as on L 69. Each pip consists of two concentric grooves with a dot at the center.

BI 362 and 426. Dim. approx.0.009 at each edge.

L 68-72, M 251. Compare

M 110. BONEPIN. P1. 56.

small round knob.

BI 370. P.L. 0.114; D. 0.004. Point broken. The blunt end is adornedwith two groovesand a

G 160. D. base 0.087; D. neck 0.027. Several M 111. BONESPOON FRAGMENT. P1. 56. BI 369. P.L. 0.075; W. 0.033. Handle missing. A long, narrow,deep bowl. Compare J 68. deposit on exterior. STATUETTE. P1. 52. A bottle with broad, flat base and tall,narrowneck, M 112. UNFINISHED 903. H. S W. Th. 0.045. 0.17; 0.089; Apparently similar in shape to the bulbous unguentariain clay intact. Pentelic marble. (as M 6-7); compareM 56. A roughly blocked-out figure, probably female, FRAGMENTS. BOTTLE P1. 55. seated (?), facing. M 107. GLASS G 158. P.H. 0.055; D. lip 0.051. Mouth and neck Storage,Layer III-a bone needle; a bone pin with round head; numerouspine cones, peach pits, nutpreserved.Pale, yellowishgreen glass. and From a bottle with flaringneck and sea shells (cf. P1. 56). shells, knucklebones plain lip.
joining and non-joining fragments preserved; incomplete. Clear glass with white decomposition LAYER IV (EARLY 3RD CENTURY)
MISCELLANEOUS GLAZED AND NON-GLAZED WARES

Reddish buff clay; dull, reddishglaze.

From a globular jug; compare [M 69] and [M 70]. M 116. GLOBULAR MOUTH. JUG,ROUND P1. 23.

FLANGED RIM. [M 113]. BOWL,

P1. 23.

P 18415. Deposit C 18:2 (early 3rd century). H. 0.10; D. 0.198. Intact. Rather soft, orange-buffclay with grits. Wheelridgesvisible on the interior. Shape as K 29-31. Storage,Layer IV-fragment of the foot and body of a bowl probablysimilar to P 18415: rather soft, visible on the yellow-buff claywith grits; wheel-ridges interior.
MOUTH. M 114. GLOBULAR JUG,ROUND P1. 23.

P 9921. H. 0.186; D. 0.166. Intact. Buff to pinkish buff clay; dull, black to brown
glaze (partial).

As M 67-68.

Storage, Layer IV-fragments of eight or ten jugs similar to M 115; three of these, of coarser manu-

facture, have light wheel-ridgingon the body and

lack the horizontal bands of rouletting at the shoul-

der. Attention should also be called to an uninvenP 11615. P.H. 0.033; D. lip 0.054. Half of mouth toried fragmentof a small globularjug (D. ca. 0.08) and upper body preserved;handle missing. with flat base; above a horizontal groove, in the

GROUP M

95

handle zone, decoration in the form of diagonal behind the lip. Horizontal grooves at mid-point of gouging. For another unusually early specimen of neck and anotherat b.a.h. Storage, Layer IV-fragments of a similar but gouged ornament,which is most common after 267, see K 32. slightly largerjug of orange-buffclay.
JAR. M 116. MINIATURE

PI. 23.

M 122. JUG, TREFOILMOUTH.

P1.23.

P 9917. H. 0.108; D. 0.064. Intact. Pinkish buff clay, buff slip. Buff to pinkish buff clay, self-slip; thin brown Ovoid body on ring foot; trefoil mouth; everted of the glaze on the exterior lip only. flat on base; lip, grooved on top surface.Ridged handle attached Slender, ovoid, wheel-ridgedbody behind lip. Horizontalgroove at b.a.h. 71. No K handles. Compare low, flaring lip. Storage, Layer IV-fragments of at least eight P1.23. similarjugs; one of these is of largersize than M 122. M117. LIQUEUR CUP. P 9916. H. 0.042; D. 0.053. Almost complete; DIPINTO. PI. 28. M 123. AMPHORA, restored. P 9919. H. 0.336; D. 0.187. Intact; filling hole. Orange clay with faint traces of a thin, reddish Hard, reddish buff clay; buff slip, most of which glaze on the exterior; the interioris blackened. has peeled from the surface. Small cup with piercedlug handle set low on the Almost cylindrical body contracted below to a K 75 and L 66. body. Compare wide, heavy ring foot. Narrow neck with plain, flaring lip. Handles marked by single ridge. Miss MISCELLANEOUS COARSE AND STORAGE VESSELS MabelLang reports the presenceon the neck of this Pls. 23, 59. amphora of a faint dipinto: s (= 6 [-crrai]); the M 118. JAR, WIDE MOUTH, DIPINTO. P 9918. H. 0.217; D. 0.165. Intact. capacity of the jar is 6 eorTal. Micaceous, gritty, buff clay; dull, white paint, P1. 23. [M 124]. AMPHORA. much worn, on exterior (partial)and interior. P N 15279. 2nd 17:2 Deposit (late century). Deep body constricted below to a narrow ring H. 0.295; D. 0.198. Fragmentary; filling hole. foot; a broadgroove at top of wall sets off the small, Restored. everted lip. Handles marked by single ridge. Near Gritty, reddish to reddish buff clay with some top of wall, an inscriptionin black paint; MissMabel mica; self-slipwhichin some areashas firedbrownish Lang suggests the reading Traiyvia, "tid-bits," buff and has acquireda soapy texture; mastic. "dainties"(cf. Ephippos,frag. 24, ed. Kock, C.A.F., Ovoid body on low ring foot; moulded base. II, p. 263). neck with thickened lip; ridged handles. Narrow 1M 79. Compare Rather coarselymade. M 119. FUNNEL. P1. 18. Storage,Layer IV-numerous joining fragmentsof P 11618.P.H. 0.182; D. 0.284. Fragmentary,spout a vessel similarin fabric and apparentlyin shape to P 15279. missing; partly restored. Reddish clay. Pls. 23, 58. As F 63 and M 9, but the bowltapersmore gradu- M 125. JAR, ONE HANDLE, GRAFFITO. P 11616. H. 0.496; D. rest. 0.208. Fragmentary; ally from lip to spout and the incurved, grooved lip restored. is less pronounced. Hard, brittle, micaceous,gray to black clay; black M 120. JUG, ROUND MOUTH. P1.28. slip. P 21995. H. 0.364; D. 0.24. Fragmentary; reF 65. The tubular foot is neatly turned; Compare stored. handle marked by two grooves. Under the handle a Buff to pinkish buff clay, self-slip. graffito, p; on the neck, os (P1. 58). The two are inOvoid, wheel-ridgedbody on ring foot; wide neck terpretedby Miss Mabel Lang as representingthe and roundmouth with evertedlip, slopingdownward year 175 of the Actian era = A.D. 145 (Lang, Dated to the exterior. The ridged handle merges into the Jars, no. 17). top of the lip at the upper attachment. Storage, Layer IV-fragments of at least three similarjars, two of red, micaceousfabric. M 121. JUG, ROUND MOUTH. P1. 23. P1.23. P 21994. H. 0.21; D. 0.132. Almost complete; M 126. JAR, ONE HANDLE. restored. P 11617. H. rest.0.495;D. 0.242.Mouth, neckand Buff to pinkishbuff clay, self-slip. handle missing; restored. Similarto M 120, but the neck is higher; everted Pinkish buff to gray-buff clay, self-slip; dull, lip, grooved on top. The ridged handle is attached purplish brown to gray-brownglaze (partial).

P 9915.H. 0.242; D. 0.158. Complete.

96

THE ATHENIAN AGORA: POTTERY OF THE ROMAN PERIOD

but is of micaceousfabric;anotheris of fabricsimilar to that of M 126 but comes from a jar with much shortertoe; both have traces of mastic deposit. Storage, Layer IV-fragments of: a basket-handled water jar similar to M 89; an amphora similar to M 95; a storage amphora as G 197 and M 102, of rather soft yellowish buff clay (mastic).

body taperingto long Plump, ovoid, wheel-ridged toe with tubular foot and conical base. Handle markedby single broadgroove. The shape is related to that of the early micaceousware, one-handled jars as [J 46], but the fabricis quite different. Storage, Layer IV-fragments of two other jars with tubular foot: one is similar to M 126 in shape

OBJECTS OTHER THAN POTTERY

M 127. LAMP, SIGNED.

M 132. LAMP.

L 3211. D. est. 0.075. Small part of rim, discus L 2958. Max. dim. 0.055. Part of base and lower and body preserved. body. Brownishclay; dull, brownglaze. Soft, micaceous,gray-buffclay. As K 122, but the details of the relief are finer. From a lamp as G143-145, et al.; largereliefdots; on the base, in relief, the letter alpha. Perlzweig. Perlzweig. The quality and design of the rim pattern render this 46. P1. M 128. LAMP,SIGNED. lamp very similar to a more completespecimen from another source, signed rnpe Ip.ov (L 4144). L 2957. D. rim est. 0.095. About half of discusand of nozzle restored; part fragmentpartly non-joining P1. 47. M 133. PLASTICLAMP(?). base also preserved. T 1448. H. 0.155; W. at shoulders0.082. Head, Brittle, brownishbuff clay; dull, brownishglaze. Rim: wide and flat, markedby a concavechannel arms, legs from above knees, and the separately and by raised panels at either side. Discus: two attached penis are missing. Fine, reddish clay; dark red glaze. The fabric branchesof oak leaves and acornsjoined in a knot that of J 14. Mouldmade,but of thick resembles Base: is branches of the one preservedhere). (only circulargroove and an incuse signature, divided in fabric. the center by a small circle and dot, ['Erracy]&5ov. Torso of standing male figure, nude except for chlamys fastened over right shoulder; left leg adPerlzweig. vanced and crossedover in front of right leg, which P1. 46. supports the weight. Such figures occur not infreM 129. LAMP,SIGNED. with a lamp projectingfrom the groin; this L 2956. L. 0.114; W. 0.09; H. 0.024. Mostof discus quently have held a lamp in the outstretched figure might missing; hole in base. hands. Perlzweig-Grandjouan. Soft, orange-buff clay. Rim: small ovules, set close to discus; raised side M 134. PLASTIC LAMP (?). panels. Discus: traces (?) of a figuredrelief. Handle: P.H. 0.065. Five fragments,of which T Max. 1597. pierced,grooved above and below; ivy leaf at base. two join. Base: two concentric grooves and faint traces of Rather soft, fine, reddish clay; dark red glaze, ou. incusesignature, Tfp[E?]|I Perlzweig. much worn. Fragmentsof a nude male torso, apparentlyfrom P1. 46. M 130. LAMP. a plastic lamp in which the lamp proper projected L 2955. L. 0.101; W. 0.087; H. 0.033. Intact. from the groin (see M 133). Yellow-buffclay. Rim: small impressed dots, set close to discus; M 135. TERRACOTTA FIGURINEFRAGMENT. PI. 48. raisedside panels.Discus: fine rays. Handle: pierced, T 1598. P.H. 0.07. Three joining fragments grooved above and below; ivy leaf at base. Base: preservepart of the back of the head. two concentricgrooves,rosette at center.Perlzweig. Rather soft, fine, reddishclay. From a head on which the hair is indicated by P1. 46. shallowgrooves;a braidat the crown,similarto that M 131. LAMP, SIGNED. L 2954. L. 0.094; W. 0.076; H. 0.027. Intact. on J 14. Grandjouan. Rather soft, yellow-buffclay. P1. 50. Rim: conventionalizedvine pattern (wave line M 136. WOODEN COMB. W 7. L. ca. 0.11; W. ca. 0.055. Broken in two andgroupsof dots),raisedsidepanels.Discus:rosette. Handle: pierced, grooved above and below. Base: pieces, which probably join; the teeth badly bent. two concentricgrooves,signaturein relief,Tlpifplou. Flat, doublecombwith roundedends; teeth coarse at one edge, fine at the other. Perlzweig.

GROUP M
M 137. LEAD BUCKET.

97

IL 572.P.L. 0.18; W.0.084.Endofhaft brokenaway. Blade long and narrow;the haft is rectangularin IL 571. H. as preserved0.13; D. rim ca. 0.205. The section. bottom crushedand piercedby severalholes; handle and both handle lugs missing. As J 9 and J 18. Traces of corrosionat the lip Storage, Layer IV-parts of at least three glass vessels (a bottle as M 56 and two vessels with ring suggest that the handle and handle lugs were of iron. feet); several knucklebones,one piercedby a drilled M 138. IRON SPEARHEAD. P1. 58. hole; numeroussmall sea shells.
LAYER V (MIDDLE OF 3RD CENTURY TO 267)

Buff clay; dull glaze (partial), fired purplish on interior and brownish black on exterior. M 139. RED WAREPLATE. P1.64. As K 54 and M 143, but smaller than either and P 9891. H. 0.048; D. 0.284. Fragmentary;restored. with less pronounced flare to the lip.
MISCELLANEOUS GLAZED AND NON-GLAZED WARES

Fabric and glaze as K 1. Shapeas K 1; a groovemarksthe outeredge of the base.

PAINTED WARE BOWL FRAGMENT.

M 140.

P 11607. P.H. 0.067; D. rim est. 0.40. Small section of rim with part of one horizontal handle (and trace of vertical loop handle) preserved. Buff clay; dull, red glaze. From a bowl as K 28. Decorationin added white paint: dots on top of lip and on rim, above handles.
P1. 24. [M 141]. BOWL,FLANGEDRIM. P 18416. Deposit C 18:2 (early 8rd century; cf.

H. 0.064; D. 0.12. Intact. Rather soft, orange-buffclay; dull, reddish glaze (partial). Shape as K 46, but without grooveson rim. Storage,Layer V-fragments of a bowl similar to P 18416,of orangeclay with dull, red glaze; a groove marks the rim just below the lip.
M 142. BOWL, FLANGEDRIM.

[M1131).

P 11611. P.H. 0.038; D. lip est. 0.11. Part of rim M 146. JUG, PAINTEDINSCRIPTION. and body preserved. P1.57. Dark buff to reddish clay; purplish red glaze P 9911. P.H. 0.09; D. ca. 0.125. Fragmentary; handle and rim missing. (partial),firedgray on exteriorof rim. Similarto [M 141] and K 46, but the rim profileis Gray-buff clay; dull, black glaze. convex on the exterior; a groove on the rim below As M 145. Inscription around the body in white the lip. paint: [--K]Aoc[--]X[--]. There is no trace of the handle attachment to show where the inscription M 143. CuP. begins. P 11609.P.H. 0.05; D. lip est. 0.11. Five fragments Pls. 24, 57. (two non-joining) preserve part of rim and body; M 147. JUG, PAINTEDINSCRIPTION. P 9890. H. 0.142; D. 0.122. Fragmentary. base missing. Reddish clay; dull, reddishbrown glaze. Orange-buff clay; reddish brown glaze (partial). As M 145-146. Inscription around body in white Shape as K 54; horizontalgroove at base of lip and anotherat point of maximum diameter. paint: EeppcovL-IaEs (Eugene Vanderpool and Mabel M 144. Cup. Pls. 24, 70. the extremities of the dotted line indicate the P 11618. H. 0.087; D. lip 0.08. A single fragment position of the handle. A horizontal row of white dots above and another below the inscription. preservescomplete profile; restored.
Lang read EOf.QTv Lliofs); in the drawing on Plate 57

M 145. JUG, PAINTEDINSCRIPTION. Pls. 24, 57, 73. P 9903. H. 0.188; D. 0.165. Fragmentary, handle missing; restored. Buff to brownish buff clay; dull, brown to reddish brown glaze, fired red on lower part and foot as a result of stacking in the kiln. Globular body on ring foot; grooved base. Low, vertical rim, set off from body by two grooves. Sliced handle. Inscription around the body in white paint: xpatiypoaa. The inscription (as always on these jugs) begins to the right of the handle; in the drawing on Plate 57 the extremities of the dotted line indicate the position of the handle in relation to the inscription. A horizontal row of white dots above and another below the legend. Compare note on K 19. The word IZaotypaoc, known only on this vase and on M 190, has been interpreted by T. L. Shear (Hesperia, VII, 1938, p. 348) as "the old woman who slaughtered"; another possible interpretation would associate the initial element oayit- with the form oa6, acraybS in the meaning of "throat" or "gullet." Eugene Vanderpool calls attention to the use of 6iaoa9&hin sens. obsc.

98

THE ATHENIAN AGORA: POTTERY OF THE ROMAN PERIOD

P1. 57.

INSCRIPTION. M 148. JUG, PAINTED

P 9905 P.H. 0.115; D. 0.121. Fragmentary;base missing. Brownishorange clay; brownishto brownishred glaze. As M 145-147. Inscriptionaroundbody in white in the drawing on Plate 57 the paint: fi Koa) cbpafa; extremitiesof the dotted line indicate the positionof the handle. A horizontalband of white dots above and anotherbelow the inscription.
JUG. WARE M 149. PAINTED P1. 24.

Globular, wheel-ridgedbody on ring foot; high rim set off from body by ridges,plain lip; the mouth diameteris small in proportionto the body, in comparisonwith K 63-64 and M 161-162. Ridgedhandle.
M 166. JUG, ROUND MOUTH. P1. 24.

P 11602.H. 0.146;D. 0.124.Fragmentary; restored. buff red-brown Hard, glaze (partial). clay; dull, As J 35, K 66; compareL 4 and the more slender version,M 218. Storage,Layer V-a jug of similarshape but more slenderproportions.

restored. P 9904.H. 0.188; D. 0.162. Fragmentary; MOUTH. Pls. 24, 73. M 156. JUG, ROUND Buff day; dull, reddishbrownglaze (partial). P 9910. H. 0.244; D. 0.181. Almost complete; As M 145-148. Decorationin white paint around restored. the body: a band of "reversedS" pattern (cf. K 23) Rather coarse, reddish buff clay; dull, red glaze; with intermediate dots; horizontal bands of dots mastic. above and below. Ovoid body; flat base, offset and flaring slightly from the body. Neckterminatesin a flaring,thickened 24. M 160. JUG, ROUNDMOUTH. P1. on top. Ridged handle. Body lightly wheelflat P 22000. H. 0.141; D. 0.127. Handle and part of lip, ridged. lip missing;restored. Brownish buff clay; dull, reddish brown glaze DECORATION. P1. 24. [M 167]. JUG, GOUGED (partial). P 15543. Deposit R 21:1 (late 2nd to middle of Plump, wheel-ridged body on small ring foot; 3rd century). flaringrim, set off from the body by a groove; plain H. 0.218; D. 0.13. Almost complete;restored. lip. Soft, orange-buffclay; dull, red glaze (except on P1. 24. M 161. JUG, ROUND MOUTH. base). Piriformjug on ring foot; the high neck terminates P 22002. H. 0.137; D. 0.123. Fragmentary; in a flaring rim with everted lip, grooved on the restored. surface. A horizontalridge marks juncture vertical clay with some mica; dull, orange-red Orange-buff of neck and rim; groovesmark the juncture of body glaze (partial). As K 63-64; the ridgesbetweenbody and rim are and neck. The ridged handle terminatesbelow in a spreadingivy-leaf pattern and above flares out to M 192. sharplycut; sliced handle. Compare either side at its attachmentwith the lip. The body Storage,LayerV-fragments of eight similarjugs; with obliquegougedlines; below the ridge decorated the clay and glaze vary in color but are of the same and rim, decoration consisting of a neck between quality as in M 161. horizontalline and a series of seven diamond-shaped in small punchmarks. MOUTH. P1. 24. patternsrendered M 162. JUG, ROUND and decoration are presumably an The Almost shape P 11614. H. 0.19; D. 0.151. complete; For the punchedornamenware. metal of imitation restored. L 5. tation, compare clay; dull,purplishbrownglaze (partial). Gray-buff Storage,Layer V-a rim and lip fragmentsimilar As M 161, but the ridgesat the base of the rim are morewidely spaced,and the body is moreovoid than to P 15543 (yellow-buffclay covered with brownish glaze). globular.
MOUTH. M 163. JUG, ROUND PI. 24.
M 168. DECANTER,PAINTEDDECORATION. P1. 24.

P 22001. H. 0.137; D. 0.122. Intact. glaze (parOrange-buffclay; dull, orange-brown tial). Globular, body on ringfoot; highrim, wheel-ridged a everted lip. Sliced handle. toward small, tapering
M 164. JUG, ROUND MOUTH.

P1. 24.

restored. P 9912. H. 0.234; D. 0.20. Fragmentary; Rather soft, orange-buffclay; dull, orange-red glaze (partial).

P 11604. P.H. 0.168; D. 0.182. Neck, handlesand part of body missing; partly restored. Buff clay, self-slip. As L 24-25; compareM 216. Decorationin brown and buff paint: a horizontalband of irregular,small with a dot (buff)at the centerof each; circles(brown) a above, crudely executed wreath in brown with details addedin buff. An uninventoried, fragmentary decanter-neckin storage (Layer V) may belong to M 158.

GROUP M
M 169. DECANTER (?) NECK. P1.24. P 11608. P.H. 0.059; D. 0.059. The neck is incomplete. Buff clay; dull, reddish brown glaze. A slender neck, narrowingtoward the top; near the bottom of the preservedfragmentappearsa sharp angle, below which the neck is constrictedand starts to curve downward.Two horizontalgrooves around upper part. Perhaps from a decanterwithout flange at the neck; it is possiblethat two handlesjoined the neck above the angle.

99

Buff to reddishclay, hard fabric; self-slip. Similar to L 9. Handle attached behind lip. A groove at b.a.h.; no grooveson neck. Storage, Layer V-six similarjugs, marked by a concave shoulder;no grooves on the neck; the clay rangesfrom buff throughreddishto gray-buff.
M 165.
JUG, TREFOIL MOUTH.

P1. 25.

P 21996. H. 0.31; D. 0.173. Intact. Hard, reddishbuff clay. Similarto M 164 but of more slenderproportions. Single groove at b.a.h.; two grooves aroundneck. M 160. MINIATURE JAR, BASKET HANDLE. P1.24. Storage, Layer V-eleven jugs, nearly complete, P 9909. H. 0.091; D. 0.058. Almost complete; and fragmentsof eleven others, all similarto M 165; restored. the fabric is in general hard, ranging from yellowPinkish buff clay, buff slip. buff to red in color; there is no clear indication of a Slender, wheel-ridgedbody on flat base; ridged slip. It is noteworthy that M 165 and most of the handle. twenty-two similar jugs in storage are from higher J 2-3. It is noteworthythat there are no (and chronologicallylater) levels of Layer V than Compare certainly identified fragments of large basket- are M 164 and its six parallels. handled water jars among the catalogued or stored M 166. JUG, TREFOIL MOUTH. P1. 25. pottery from Layer V (but cf. M 198, Layer VI). For P 21998. H. D. 0.169. Intact. 0.258; other miniature vessels see H 14. Dark buff clay, fired red in part; self-slip. M 161. MINIATURE JUG, TREFOIL MOUTH. P1. 24. Ovoid, wheel-ridgedbody on ring foot; convex P 9913. H. 0.102; D. 0.063. Intact. shoulderset off from neck by two grooves; everted Dark buff clay, self-slip. lip with groove on upper surface; trefoil mouth. Wheel-ridgedbody on flat base; trefoil mouth; Ridged handle attached behind lip; handle does not groovedhandle attached behindlip; groove at b.a.h. rise above lip nor does it indent the lip, as in M 164 and M 165. Groove at b.a.h.; two grooves around M 162. MINIATURE KANTHAROS. P1. 24. below upperhandle attachment. P 9914. H. 0.088; D. lip 0.061. Onehandleand part neck, Storage, Layer V-considerable fragments of at of base missing; restored. least seventeen jugs similar to M 166 and 167; the Buff clay, self-slip; dull, thick, red glaze. buff to yellow-buffin color, often fired is Miniatureversion of a Hellenistic kantharostype clayin hard, red part; self-slip is present. M 166, M 167 and (cf. H 14). Solid, flaringfoot and flat base. Plain lip; the majority of the seventeen stored jugs are from handle markedby a single groove. (and chronologicallylater) levels of Layer V higher In the 3rd century there occur a numberof glazed than areM 165 and its twenty-twoparallels.Compare vessels, both miniature and of normal size, which also M 195. reflect shapes current in the Hellenistic period; M 167. JUG, TREFOIL MOUTH. P1. 42. compareK 52-53 (also P 2266, 13071, 20022). P 11606. H. 0.26; D. 0.168. Muchof body and lip Storage,Layer V-fragments of two plates similarto restored. missing; K 37 and of a jug as M 115; also a small lip fragment Gray-buff clay, rathercoarse; self-slip. possibly from a jug as L 26, L 41 andM 220 (this type M 166. As ofjug, however,is predominantly post-Herulian). P 21999. H. 0.232; D. 0.167. Intact. Buff clay, self-slip. As M 167, except that the handle rises above the P 11612. P.H. 0.045; D. est. 0.40. A small section and by its upperattachmentcausesan indentation rim and lip of wall, with part of one handle. of the lip. Compare M 196. Buff clay, self-slip. Froma basin, probablysimilarto K 81; the sloping Pls. 25, 58. M 169. JUG, ROUND MOUTH, DIPINTI. rim is flat on top. P 9902.H. 0.256; D. 0.171.Fragmentary;restored. M 164. JUG, TREFOIL MOUTH. P1. 25. Buff to pinkish buff clay of thinner fabric than P 21997. H. 0.253; D. 0.164. Handle missing; that in M 164-168; self-slip. restored. Ovoid, wheel-ridged body on ring foot; wide neck,
M 163. BASIN FRAGMENT.
7* MISCELLANEOUS COARSE AND STORAGE VESSELS

M 168. JUG, TREFOIL MOUTH.

P1. 25.

100

THE ATHENIAN AGORA: POTTERY OF THE ROMAN PERIOD

M 174. AMPHORA.

everted lip, the top surface of which slopes to the exterior and is providedwith a small vertical flange at inner edge. Groovedhandle, rising above lip and attached to the top of the lip. Grooveat b.a.h. The shapeis similarto that of M 120. Inscriptionin black paint on shoulder(P1.58), read by MissMabelLang as: di(-rpai) T; a similar inscription on the base employs a cursive eta (as also in M 170). Miss Lang informs me that the capacity of the repairedjug is 2i liters and that the vessel would hold eight Roman poundsof any liquid having the same specificweight as water or wine. Storage,Layer V-fragments of two similarjugs, one of which has two groovesaroundthe neck.
M 170. JUG, DIPINTO. P1. 58.

P 11605. P.H. 0.14; D. est. 0.165. Neck, handles, shoulderand part of body preserved;lip missing. Buff to orange-buff clay, self-slip. Ovoid, wheel-ridgedbody on ring foot; shoulder profileconcave; flaringlip. Heavy handleswith deep central groove. Grooves around neck at t.a.h. and at b.a.h. For a morecompletespecimensee P 21818 (P1.40), fromthe late 3rdor early4th centuryfillingof Deposit C 18:1. A related shape, but with convex shoulder, is found in J 48, K 68, L 3 and L 28. Storage,LayerV-fragments of a similaramphora of soft, gray clay.
M 175. AMPHORA.

P1. 25. P 9907. P.H. 0.159; D. 0.167. Neck, handle and P 9900. H. D. 0.255. 0.39; Complete. some of body missing; partly restored. Buff clay, firedpink at core; self-slip. Buff clay, firedred in part. Plump, ovoid, wheel-ridged body on neatly turned Similar,as far as preserved,to M 169. Inscription foot. The neck is constrictedat the middle high in black paint on the base, identicalwith that on the ring and in terminates a plain lip. Heavy, broadhandles. base of M 169: i(-rpai) r\. P1. 25. M 176. AMPHORA. Pls. 25, 73.

M 171. JUG, ROUND MOUTH.

P 9908. P.H. 0.377; H. rest. 0.408; D. 0.172. Lip M 172. JUG, ROUND MOUTH. P1. 25. missing, base fragmentary;restored. Gray-buff clay, firedpink at core; self-slip. P 9906. H. 0.297; D. 0.155. Almost complete; Slender, wheel-ridgedbody with heavy, flaring restored. ring foot and mouldedbase. Wideneck, flaringat top Hard, reddishclay; self-slip. toward a thickened lip (restoredon the basis of a As M 165, except that the mouth is round. similaramphora froma 2nd centurydeposit,M 18:1). Storage,Layer V-parts of two similarjugs; both are of somewhatplumperproportions,lack the neck M 178. AMPHORA. P1. 25. grooves and are from lower (and chronologically P 9901. H. D. 0.139. Almost 0.32; complete; reearlier)levels of Layer V than M 172. stored (was intact when found). M 173. JUG, ROUND MOUTH. P1. 25. Brownishbuff clay, with some mica; self-slip. P 11610. H. 0.249; D. 0.179. Fragmentary; rein upper part, Slenderbody, lightly wheel-ridged on small ring foot. Wide neck, terminating in a stored. thickenedlip, flat on top. Plain, narrowhandles. clay, firedred in part; self-slip. Orange-buff Almost globular,wheel-ridgedbody on ring foot; the neck widens towardthe small, evertedlip, which Storage, Layer V, storage vessels-parts of two is level on top. Handle, markedby a single groove, glazed amphoraesimilar to J 48, K 68 and L 28; rises above lip and is attached behind lip. Groove fragmentsof an amphorasimilar to J 49 and K 85 at b.a.h., fourgroovesat base of neck and two around but of largersize; handlefragmentof an amphoraas K 115 and P 21330 (P1.40); fragmentof handle and neck at t.a.h. of an amphorapossibly similarto [K 1121; of six similar shoulder Storage, Layer V-fragments jugs. M 173 and its parallelsare for the most part from the fragmentsof one or more one-handledjars as M 125 lower (and chronologically earlier)levels of Layer V. and of one jar as M 126.

P 9899. H. 0.264; D. 0.164. Intact. Hard, gray-buffclay; self-slip. As M 169, but lip is level on top and there are two groovesaroundthe neck. Storage, Layer V-two similarjugs, almost complete, and fragmentsof three others. M 171 and its two well-preservedparallels are from higher (and chronologically later) levels of Layer V than M 169 and its parallels;the three fragmentaryparallelsto M 171, however,are from the same level as M 169.

P 11603. H. 0.227; D. 0.149. Almost complete; restored. Rather gritty, buff to pinkishbuff clay; self-slip. Plump, wheel-ridged body on false ring foot; base markedby concentricridges. Wide neck with thickened, flaringlip. Handles marked by a single ridge. The fabric similarto that of M 103 and M 334.
M 177. AMPHORA. P1. 25.

GROUP M
OBJECTS OTHER THAN POTTERY

101

T 1447.P.H. 0.032. Eyes, nose and browpreserved. Buff clay, self-slip; no traces of coloring remain. Fragment of a grotesque, male face; the nostrils M 180. LAMP. PI. 46. are widely dilated and the eyebrows slope upward L 2951. L. 0.08; W. 0.069; H. 0.024. Top of handle toward the sides of the face. Grandjouan. missing. M 186. GLASSVESSELFRAGMENT. Pinkish buff clay, self-slip. P1. 55. Rim: broad and plain, set off from discus by two G 155. P.H. 0.017; D. base 0.049. Base and part grooves. Discus: small, decorated with fine rays. of wall preserved.Clearglass. Handle: pierced and grooved above. Base: two The base of a cup. concentricgroovesnear edge, a small circulargroove Storage, Layer V-four glass bases similar to and dot at center. Perlzweig. M 185 and one similarto K 143. M 181. LAMP. PI. 46. L 2950. L. 0.102; W. 0.079; H. 0.029. Intact. Hard, buff clay. Rim: set off fromdiscusby'twogroovesand marked by six groups of dots in relief. Discus: fine rays. Handle: piercedand groovedabove and below. Base: as on M 180. In the nozzle and filling hole there is a substance composed of lime deposit and carbonized fiber, presumably part of the original wick. Perlzweig.
M 182. LAMP,SIGNED. PI. 46.

M 179. LAMP. PI. 46. L 3212. Max. dim. 0.064. Part of rim and discus preserved. Soft, buff clay. Rim: rosettes of raised dots. Discus: there are visible on the preservedpart a wing and part of the draperyof Eros (?) movingto left. Perlzweig.

Rim: set off from discus by two ridges and marked

by pairs of dots in relief. Discus: plain. Handle: pierced and grooved above and below. Base plain. Perlzweig.
M 184. TERRACOTTA FIGURINE FRAGMENT. P1. 48.

P1.55. G 157. P.H. 0.026; D. lip 0.072. Part of rim and wall preserved.Clearglass.
From a vessel possibly similar in shape to the pottery jug M 114.
M 187. GLASS VESSEL FRAGMENT.

M 186. GLASS VESSEL FRAGMENT.

P1. 54. G 156. Max. dim. 0.055. Base fragment. Clear

glass. The base of a vessel, convex on the interior and decoratedon the flat undersurfacewith an applied thread of glass in a spiralpattern.

PI. 53. L 2953. W. ca. 0.078; H. 0.031. Small part of base, M 188. IRONNAIL. IL 636. P.L. 0.089 (P.L. when found 0.105); body and discus preserved. dimensions of head 0.03 x 0.038. Gray-buffclay. Rim: set off from discus by two grooves and A heavily oxidized stud (nail). markedby groupsof dots in relief. Discus: fine rays. P1. 53. Handle: piercedand groovedabove and below. Base: M 189. IRONKEY. IL 637. L. dimensions of bit 0.038 0.038. x 0.12; three concentricgrooves near edge and relief signabut oxidized. The Apparently complete, heavily ture, nip[EfOou]. Perlzweig. stem ends in a ring; the bit consists of five teeth set L 77-78, M 319. M 183. LAMP. P1.46. at right angles to the stem. Compare L 2952. L. 0.097; W. 0.064; H. 0.031. Intact. Storage, Layer V-fragments of a lead bucket; Hard, reddishto orange-buff bronzebucket handle. clay.

LAYER VI (LATE 3RD CENTURY, AFTER 267)

MISCELLANEOUS GLAZED AND NON-GLAZED WARES

(as M 145). In the drawing on Plate 57 the extremities

M 190. JUG, PAINTED INSCRIPTION.

Pls. 26, 57.

P 9892. H. 0.139; D. 0.127. Intact. Pinkish buff clay; reddish to reddish brown glaze (partial). P1. 26. Shape as M 145, but the body is more nearly M 191. JUG, PAINTEDDECORATION. globular and terminates below in a high foot; flat P 9893. H. 0.136; D. 0.12. Almost complete; rebase with groove on resting surface; sliced handle. stored (was intact when found). Inscriptionaroundbody in white paint: Sqpciypcta Buff clay; dull, reddishbrownglaze (partial).

of the dotted line indicate the position of the handle. A row of white dots above and another below the legend; white dots on the handle. Publ. Hesperia,VII, 1938, p. 348, fig. 32.

102

THE ATHENIAN AGORA: POTTERY OF THE ROMAN PERIOD Yellowishbuff to reddishbuff clay, self-slip. As M 168, but less plump. Storage,Layer VI-fragments of a similarjug.
M 197. CYLINDRICAL JUG. P1. 26.

Shape as M 190. Decorationaround the body in white paint (much worn): horizontal floral pattern (cf. K 21 and K 26) borderedabove and below by a horizontalline; dots on handle. M 192. JUG, ROUND MOUTH. PI. 26. P 9894. H. 0.143; D. 0.122. Intact. Buff clay; dull, purplish brown to black glaze (partial). As M 151. Storage, Layer VI-fragments of at least six similarjugs.
M 193. JUG, ROUNDMOUTH.

P 9898. H. 0.198; D. 0.081. Almost complete; restored. Brownishbuff clay with grits. Cylindricalbody, constricted below to a small ring foot. Angular shoulder and flaring lip; round mouth. Singleridgedhandle.
M 198. WATER JAR, BASKETHANDLE. P1. 26.

P 22004. H. 0.189; D. 0.123. Almost complete; restored. P 11601. H. 0.14; D. 0.122. Almost complete. Reddish buff clay, self-slip. Dark buff clay; reddishbrownglaze (partial). As M 192. Plump, ovoid, wheel-ridgedbody on ring foot. neckand small,evertedlip. Ridgedhandle. Two High PI. 26. M 194. JUG, ROUND MOUTH. horizontalgrooveson shoulderand two aroundneck. P 22003. H. 0.148; D. 0.107. Fragmentary, handle Contrast[G 1061,J 44 88-89. This 4, 1, M44, missing;restored. is the latest example of a water jar with basket Buff clay, light buff slip; dull, brown to reddish handle; the shape appearsto have been uncommon in the 3rd centuryand to have disappeared glaze (partial). from use As M 192 and 193, but the body is ovoid rather beforethe beginningof the 4th. than globular. DIPINTO. Pls. 26, 59. Storage, Layer VI-fragments of a similar jug. M 199. AMPHORA, P 9897. H. 0.295; D. 0.188. Almost complete; M 194 was found in the upper levels of Layer VI; the ovoid shapeshowsa greaterresemblance to M 219 restored. Rather soft, gritty, buff to pinkish buff clay; in Layer VII than to the globular jugs of Layers V and VI. self-slip;mastic. Ovoidbody on ring foot; mouldedbase. The plain, Storage, Layer VI-fragments of two jugs as L 41 everted lip rises directly from the shoulder. Plain and M 220-222 and of one jug as L 26 (without handles. Horizontal groove at t.a.h. Inscription in grooves on lip) may have filtered down in the well black paint on shoulder between handles, read by fillingand on typologicalgroundsare to be associated Miss Mabel Lang as: (OrlK&c(arTo) A(Tpai) y o(O)more closely with Layer VII than with V. y(yial) r1[KaOap(oO)Xi(rpai) (i.e. "[weight]of vessel 3 [Roman]pounds,8 ounces;net [weight]10 [Roman] MISCELLANEOUS COARSE AND STORAGE VESSELS pounds"). These figures correspond accuratelywith the weight and capacity of the amphora;its capacity MOUTH. M 195. JUG, TREFOIL P1. 26. of 3.3 liters is consistentwith the bulk of 10 Roman P 9896. H. 0.177; D. 0.123. Almost complete; pounds of a liquid having the same specificweight restored. as water or wine. Reddish clay, self-slip. Storage, Layer VI-fragments of two amphoraeas As M 166 and 167. L 31 and M 230; handle fragmentof an amphoraas Storage,Layer VI-another jug similarto M 195 K 115 and P 21330 (P1.40); fragmentof an amphora but with slightly more globularbody. as M 237; fragmentsof at least four jars of the type MOUTH. M 196. JUG, TREFOIL of M 126. Also, from the upper levels of Layer VI: P 9895. H. 0.265; D. 0.172. Almost complete; fragmentsof an amphoraas M 239 and of another as M 236. restored(was intact when found).
OBJECTS OTHER THAN POTTERY

M 200. LAMP.

P1.46.

right, standing gladiator, similarly armed). Handle:

pierced, grooved above and below. Base plain. Perl-

L 2949. L. 0.106; W. 0.081; H. 0.035. Intact.

zweig. Hard, somewhatbrittle, reddishclay. Rim: plain except for side panels, set off from discus by two grooves. Discus: gladiatorialscene (at M 201. LAMP. PI. 46. L 3210. L. rest. 0.10; W. rest. 0.088. Four joining left, kneeling gladiator with sword and shield; at

GROUP M and one non-joining fragments of rim, discus and body; partly restored. Dark buff to gray-buffclay. Rim: plain, set off from discus by two grooves. Discus: Eros, winged, 3/4 right, lookingback toward a torch (?) held downwardin right hand. Perlzweig.
M 202. LAMP. PI. 46.

108

ment, broken all around, from the rim of a large bowl (?). Clearglass. The fragment consists of two distinct layers of glass.
M 206. FRAGMENT OF BRONZE STATUE.

P1. 53.

L 2948. Max. dim. 0.05. Discus alone preserved. Reddish clay. Discus: ram to left. Perlzweig.
M 203. PLASTIC LAMPFRAGMENT.

B 510. P.L. 0.075; W. 0.036. The big toe of the left foot of a bronze statue of heroic size.
M 207. IRON BAIL HANDLE FOR BUCKET. PI. 53.

L 3005. P.H. 0.05; Max. dim. 0.072. Two joining fragmentspreservemost of lower part of lamp. Hard, dark buff clay; dull, red glaze on exterior. Two grooves set off the flat base from the body of the lamp, of which there is preservedonly a trace of a left humanear and of the back of a bald cranium. The lamp may have resembledL 2409, which comes from a filling of the first half of the 3rd century in Deposit D 12:1 (A.J.A., XL, 1936, p. 411, fig. 8, M 208. LEAD BUCKET. middle row, right); compare also L 2207, from IL 570. Dimensions,as H. 0.172; D. dumped fill of same Deposit (A.J.A., XL, 1936, p. 0.235. Handle and about preserved: of one-quarter body miss200,fig.21; Howland,no. 616).PerlzweigGrandjouan. bent out of ing; shape. Lead bucket, apparentlywith round bottom and M 204. CONICAL LOOMWEIGHT. straight sides; plain lip, slightly thickened toward MC358. H. 0.064; D. 0.048. Intact. Hard, red clay. interior.Handle held in place by two thick lead lugs As M 22, M 318. which one is (of missing)appliedagainst the outside, This object is probably not contemporarywith just below the lip; rust marks and traces of iron Layer VI, as loomweightswere not employed after on top of the preserved lug show that the rings the 1st century (Davidson, Minor Objects, pp. 147- throughwhich the bail handle pivoted were of iron. 161); but in the 3rd centuryit may have found a use CompareJ 9, J 18, M 137, M 207, M 263 and other than its originalone. note on p. 101, at end of catalogueof Layer V. Storage, Layer VI-fragments of another lead M 205. GLASSFRAGMENT. P1. 73. bucket and of one of bronze (with which compare G 154. P.H. 0.03; Max. P. D. 0.35. Single frag- M28).
LAYER
GLAZED WARES

IL 635. P.L. 0.14; D. largerring 0.06. Fragment of bail handle, to the top of which is fixed a small ring, through which moves a larger ring which served as a means of suspensionof the bucket from the well-rope. Much oxidized; neither end of the handle is preserved. Might have served as handle for a lead bucket such as M 208 or for a bronze bucket as the uninventoriedexample noted below. Storage,Layer VI-fragments of two similariron bail-handles.

VII (EARLY

4TH CENTURY)

M 209.

HANDLE. BOWL, ANIMAL

P1s. 26, 37, 71.

P 9803. H. 0.07; D. 0.22. Almost complete. Reddish buff clay; dull, reddish glaze (partial). Shallow bowl on ring foot; everted lip and projecting horizontal handle. The handle is mouldmade in two parts, with vertical seam; its outer end terminates in a panther's head; the cylindrical shaft of the handle is grooved longitudinally. Decorationin white paint: on the interior, spirals rotating clockwise toward center and linked above; on the top of the handle shaft and of the panther's head, short, M 210. BOWL, ANIMAL HANDLE. P1. 26. transversestrokes. P 9802. Max. dim. 0.127. The handle and a small Zoomorphic handles occur commonly in metal part of rim preserved. vessels from the 1st century after Christand appear Reddish clay; dull, red glaze.

with great frequencyin clay bowls of the shape of M 209 at Athens (Agora and Kerameikosexcavations) in the 4th century. Numerousparallelsare to be found in Egypt, Syria and Palestine. Considerable termination variety is to be noted in the animal-head of the handles of the clay bowls; the most common animals are ram, panther, lion, lioness; of greater rarity are boar, dog, horse,crocodile,bird (accipiter). The animal-handle bowlsof the Agorawill be treated in the second volume of this work. fully

104

THE ATHENIAN AGORA: POTTERY OF THE ROMAN PERIOD

As M 209; the handle terminatesin a ram'shead; Shape as L 24-25, M 158 and P 10005 (P1. 39, the shaft of the handleis groovedspirally.Decoration cited under L 24). Decoration in white paint: on in white paint: traces of spirals on the interior; upperglazed band, spiralsrotating clockwisetoward the center and linked below; on centralband, spirals transversestrokeson top of handle. as above, with the addition of S-shaped lines bePI. 26. tween; on lower band, short obliquelines. M 211. BOWL, PAINTED DECORATION. P 11593.H. rest. 0.082; D. rest. 0.138. One-quarter Storage, Layer VII-a fragmentary decanter of rim and part of wall preserved;restored. mouth which may belong to M 215. Reddish buff clay; dull, reddish glaze (partial), PI. 27. M 216. DECANTER. firedblack on exteriorof rim. D. rest. P.H. 0.143. P of 11587. 0.215; As K 33. Decorationin white paint on rim: spirals Top neck, rotating clockwise toward center and linked above base and much of body missing; partly restored. Extremely fine, thin and brittle clay which one (cf. M 209). This bowl may have had a singlevertical handle at the rim. might almost term eggshellfabric, reddishbrownto gray in color; no glaze or other decoration. PI. 26. M 212. BOWL. Plump, ovoid body narrowingsharply to a small P 9804. H. 0.07; D. 0.15. Almost complete; re- flat base (the base so narrow that the vessel could stored. not have been set erect without a support); tall, Reddish buff clay; dull, red glaze (partial). narrow neck, interrupted at mid-point of its preBowl as M 211, but the transition from wall to servedheightby a projecting, horizontalflange;neck, rim is curved rather than angularand is markedby above flange,wheel-ridged.Smallridgedhandles. a horizontalgroove. No painted decoration. Storage, Layer VII-fragments of two other decanters of the same shape and fabric, includingbase M 213. JUG, PAINTEDDECORATION. P1. 27. and lip fragments;both show traces of a horizontal P 11595. H. rest. 0.232; D. 0.124. Foot and part band of buff glaze on shoulderat b.a.h. of body missing; restored. The quality of clay of these decanters is much local ware and clay; dull, red glaze (partial). Orange-buff finer than that of any contemporary Slender, ovoid body [on ring foot]; concave probablyindicates an importedfabric. The western shoulder, bulbous neck and trefoil mouth. Wide origin of the similar fine, brittle fabrics of the 1st ridged handle. Horizontal grooves at b.a.h. and at centuriesbefore and after Christsuggests that these base of neck. Decorationin white paint: aroundthe decantersmay have been imported from the west; body, spirals rotating counterclockwise toward I am not, however, familiar with parallels from center and linked above; at b.a.h., a horizontalband Italy or elsewhere.For earlierwestern brittle ware of vertical strokes; transverse strokes across the vessels, compareF 18-24, G 2, G 39-44, H 2-3, M 3. M 265. handle. Compare
M 214.
AMPHORA, PAINTED DECORATION.

P1. 27.

[M 217]. SPRINKLERJUG.

P1. 27.

P 9886. P.H. 0.205; D. 0.125. Neck and handles

missing.

Darkbuffclay with grits; dull,blackglaze(partial). Almost cylindrical body on ring foot; nearly horizontalshoulder;narrowneck. Two vertical strap handles (lowerattachmentspreserved).Two grooves at b.a.h. and two at base of neck. Decoration in white paint: spiralsrotating clockwisetowardcenter and linked below. The shape was probably similar to that of a decanter. CompareP 12985, a decanter with painted spiral decorationfrom the 5th to 6th century filling of Deposit P 18:1 (P1.40).
M 215. DECANTER, PAINTED DECORATION. P1. 27.

P 9884. P.H. 0.228; D. 0.20. Neck, handles and part of body missing. Hard, dark buff clay; three bands of brownish MOUTH. P1. 27. glaze paint (the central band wider) applied around M 218. JUG, ROUND a band of 0.103. strokes of P H. D. Handle the 22005. 0.147; body; irregular,oblique missing; same glaze appliedat b.a.h. restored.

P 7864. Deposit D 12:1 (middleof 3rd century). H. 0.209; D. 0.113. Part of body missing;restored. Rather soft, orange-buff clay; dull, reddishbrown glaze (partial). Piriform body on ring foot; the narrow neck terminates in an everted lip; the round mouth is closed over except for a small hole (D. ca. 0.002). The base is piercedby thirteenholes, each of slightly smaller diameter than that at the mouth. Single, ridged handle. Horizontal groove at b.a.h. and another around neck. Decoration in white paint: below the handle, a simple garland, of which only faint traces remain. Storage, Layer VII-fragment of the base of a sprinkler jug of reddishbuff clay. P 7864 is of earlier date than LayerVII of GroupMand can servemerely as an indicationof the natureof the vesselrepresented by this uninventoriedbase fragment.

GROUP M
clay; dull, blackto brownglaze (partial). Gray-buff Ovoid,wheel-ridged body on ringfoot; pronounced shoulder; wide neck; everted lip; round mouth. Sliced handle. Compare the earlier and stouter variety, M 155. Storage,Layer VII-fragments of a similarjug. M 219. JoG, ROUND MOUTH. P1.27. P 11589. H. 0.165; D. 0.106. Almost complete; restored. Yellowishbuff clay; brownish yellowglaze (partial). Ovoid, wheel-ridgedbody on ring foot; shoulder concave and marked by wheel-ridging;wide neck; plain lip; round mouth. Sliced handle. Comparethe earlier variety, M 194, and also L 37, M 266-267, M 291. Storage, Layer VII-two completejugs and fragments of several others, similarto M 219. PI. 27. M 220. JUG, ROUND MOUTH. P 11586. H. 0.326; D. 0.199. Almost complete; restored. Buff clay with grits; dull, slightly metallic, red glaze (partial). As L 26 and 41; two grooves on upper surface of lip; groove on shoulderat b.a.h. Storage, Layer VII-one jug, almost complete, and fragmentsof twelve others,similarto M 220-222; the best preservedspecimen is of more slender proportionsthan M 220 (H. 0.348; D. 0.198).

105

Storage, Layer VII, glazed wares-fragments of two bowls, probablyas K 22; fragmentsof a jug similar to M 268; a few fragmentsof a jug (?) of orange-buff clay with traces of gouged decoration.
MISCELLANEOUS COARSE AND STORAGE VESSELS

M 225.

JUG, ROUND MOUTH.

P1. 27.

P 23540. H. rest. 0.194; D. rest. 0.145. Half of neck fragmentspreserved; body, foot and non-joining restored. Dark buff clay; mastic. Globular body, lightly wheel-ridged; ring foot. The neck widenstowardthe top and terminatesin a plain lip. Five horizontal grooves at b.a.h.; four grooves around neck below lip. Restored with single, ridged handle, on the basis of P 11938 and P 21855.
M 226. JUG, ROUND MOUTH. P1. 27.

P 9807. H. 0.414; D. 0.258. Complete. Dark brownishclay, self-slip. Ovoid body narrowingto false ring foot; moulded base. High neck, widening toward the thickened, evertedlip. Handle oval in section. The shape similar to L 49 but less plump; the uppertwo-thirdsof body markedby spiral grooving. Compare M 371.
M 227. JUG, ROUND MOUTH.

P1.27. P 9883. H. 0.252; D. 0.175. Fragmentary; restored. Coarse,gritty, reddishclay, firedgray at the core; thin fabric. Ovoid body, lightly wheel-ridged;false ring foot, M 221. JUG, ROUND MOUTH. mouldedbase. Wide neck with thickenedlip. P 11592. H. 0.312; D. 0.191. Almost complete; M 228. JUG, ROUND MOUTH. P1.27. restored. P 9888. H. D. 0.151. Part of 0.226; lip missing; Coarse,brownishbuff clay; dull, brown to black restored. glaze (partial);warpedin firing. Buff clay with grits; mastic. As M 220. Broad, false ring foot; narrow neck; thickened, M 222. JUG, ROUND MOUTH. P1. 27. flaring lip. Ridged handle. Two horizontal grooves P 11599. H. 0.29; D. 0.188. Almost complete; at b.a.h., two at t.a.h., two at base of neck. Storage,LayerVII-fragments of two similarjugs restored. Buff clay; dull, purplishred to blackglaze (partial). with flat bases. As M 220-221; two grooves aroundneck. M 229. AMPHORA. P1. 27. P 11600. H. 0.271; D. 0.169. Fragmentary; reM 223. JUG, ROUND MOUTH. P1. 27. stored. P 9887. P.H. 0.22; D. 0.138. Lip missing. Buff clay, self-slip. Buff clay; dull, red glaze (partial). Ovoid, wheel-ridgedbody on ring foot; concave As L 27. shoulder;plain, flaringlip. Handles markedby deep M 224. THYMIATERION. P1.26. centralgroove. Two horizontalgrooves at b.a.h. and P 11598. P.H. 0.068; D. 0.104. Base and part of two at t.a.h. Comparethe larger amphorae L 30 and 54. lip missing; partly restored. Storage,Layer VII-fragments of two amphorae, Gray-buffclay; matt, white slip inside and out; similarto M 229. probably traces of burningon interior. Pls. 28, 58. Wheel-ridged,cup-shapedbody with flaringrim; M 230. STORAGE AMPHORA, GRAFFITI. a groove on the vertical surface of the lip. Compare P 9806. H. 0.44; D. 0.285. Part of lip missing; G 169, H 15, M 74. restored.

106

THE ATHENIAN AGORA: POTTERY OF THE ROMAN PERIOD Slender body tapering toward a pointed toe; convex shoulder.Body lightly and irregularly wheelridged.
M 237.

STORAGE AMPHORA. P1. 28. P 9882. P.H. 0.613; D. 0.237. Resting surface of foot missing. Coarse,brick-redclay; mastic; traces of a black substance, possibly used in sealing the jar, around the lip and the tops of the handles. Slender body tapering to a hollow, tubular toe. The tall neck narrows toward the thickened lip, belowwhichis a projecting,horizontalflange.Heavy, to read: iva I Ill. vertical handles, roughly oval in section. Broad on neck. M 231. STORAGE AMPHORA. wheel-ridging L Compare 33, M 274, M303. Thistype of amphora, P 9805. H. 0.445; D. 0.27. Complete. quite common in deposits of the 4th century, does Fabric and shape as M 230; mastic. occur infrequently in pre-Herulian 3rd century M 232. STORAGE PI. 58. fillings,as [K 113]. AMPHORA, GRAFFITO. Storage, Layer VII-fragments of two similar P 9881. P.H. 0.452; D. 0.298. Lip missing. Coarse,gritty, micaceous,reddish buff clay; self- amphorae. slip; mastic. M 238. STORAGE AMPHORA. P1. 28. Shape as M 230; the handles marked by two P 11597. H. 0.40; D. 0.213. Almost complete; grooves. On the shoulder,graffitonumerals,read by restored. Miss Lang as: [Ai-rpat] 16, [oCyytal] 2; the tare Buff clay with grits, self-slip. 16 of the is vessel Roman weight pounds,2 ounces. As L 55, but the point of maximum diameteris lower on the body of the jar; the toe is hollow and M 233. STORAGE AMPHORA, DIPINTO. P1. 59. below. M 305-306. open Compare P 9808. P.H. 0.465; D. 0.271. Lip missing. Fabric as M 232; mastic. Shape as M 230; the M 239. CYLINDRICAL AMPHORA STORAGE P1. 28. handlesare markedby two longitudinalgrooves. On P 9885. H. 0.497; D. 0.177. Complete. the shoulder,a faded inscriptionin black paint, read Coarse,dark reddishclay, white slip; mastic. Tl (i.e., 8th year of by Miss Lang as: Trriv(ft(paEcos) body taperingat bottom Cylindrical, wheel-ridged the indiction). to a long slender toe. Narrow,horizontalshoulder; low neck with rolled lip. Two small handles M 234. STORAGE AMPHORA. P1. 28. wide, on shoulder(too small to have servedas hand-holds). P 11588. H. 0.523; D. 0.291. Almost complete; L 11 and the earlierspecimenG 199. Compare fillinghole; restored. Fabric as M 232; mastic. Shape as M 230. P1. 28. M 240. JAR, ONE HANDLE. of some dozen Storage, Layer VII-fragments P 22006. P.H. 0.493; D. 0.195. Toe and part of amphoraesimilarto M 230-234. lip missing;fillinghole. Reddish clay with high mica content; mastic. AMPHORA. M 235. STORAGE P1. 28. Fusiform,wheel-ridged jar; thickenedlip; splayed P 11596. P.H. 0.42; D. 0.27. Neck, handles and handle with broad groove. Compare F 65 and other part of body missing; partly restored. jars cited there. Hard,gray-blackclay, firedreddishat corein part. Storage, Layer VII-fragments of at least 15 Ovoidbody narrowingsharplyto a small, pointed similar clay. jars,someof red,othersof blackmicaceous toe. Convexshoulder.Spiralgrooving,widely spaced, P1. 58. on shoulderand upperbody. Neck and handleswere M 241. JAR FRAGMENT, DIPINTO. doubtlessas those of P 16074 (P1.40), which comes P 11594.Max. dim. 0.08. Wall fragmentfromjust from the contemporaryfilling of Deposit F 15:1. below handle. Red, micaceous clay. From a jar also the shape of M 272. in blackpaint: irl. as M 240. Inscription Compare presumably Miss MabelLang has kindly offeredthe following AMPHORA. P1.28. commentson this and seven other dipinti in Group M 236. STORAGE P 11591. P.H. 0.48; D. 0.196. Neck, handles and M: "Of the late one-handledmicaceous jars from GroupM, eight have what seem to be similardipinti: part of body missing. mastic. white M 266, 258, 259, 278 certainly,and M 255 probably, Reddishclay with grits;

Coarse, gritty, gray-buff to reddish buff clay; self-slip;mastic. Ovoid body on false ring foot; moulded base. A small flange encircles the neck just below the lip. Handles round in section and bowed out from their lower attachment. Compare L 31, M 302, M 323. On shoulder, on either side, between the handles, a graffito.One (P1.58, M 230a) is read by Miss Mabel Lang as: 6acrrp&Kovu A(Tpal)lt (i. e., "[weight]of pot 15 [Roman] pounds"-this correspondswith the actual weight of the restored amphora).The other graffito (P1.58, M 230b), less deeply incised, appears

GROUP M
M 241 reads ,iq. M 242 and 257 read rraA; read wrpo; Since these vessels are apparently very similar in weight and capacity, the three differentlegendsmust referratherto contentsor to the name of the producer or seller. In the former case, -rrpowould stand for (the sweet Mytileneanwine that first ran wrp6TpolroS off the press); irax would signify TraXai6s;and till would mean uq[i'rTsl (apple or quince wine). Proper and iTl names beginningwith the syllables rrpo,TroC are so numerousas to allow no specificsuggestions."

107

one-handled jug as M 240. Below handle, an in(see under M 241). scriptionin black paint: lTOca
M 243.
LID.

P1. 26.

P 22007.P.H. 0.035; D. 0.047.Top of knobchipped. clay, self-slip. Orange-buff Small lid with high, tapering knob, roughly finishedon top.

Storage,Layer VII, storagevessels-fragments of an amphora(?) of fabric and shape similar to that of DIPINTO. P1. 58. M 242. JAR FRAGMENT, M 334 though apparently of plumper and shorter P 11590.P.H. 0.17. Mouth,handle and upper part form; toe and handle of jar as M 282; fragmentsof of body preserved. Red micaceous clay. From a floorand wall of a basin probablysimilarto K 81.
OBJECTS OTHER THAN POTTERY

M 244. LAMP.

P1. 47.

L 2947. Dimension across top (including one nozzle) as rest. 0.132; H. 0.047; H. includinghandle 0.071. Half of body, two nozzles, part of third nozzle and of handle missing; restored. clay with some mica. Orange-buff Lamp with three nozzles, and vertical handle rising from center of discus. Rim: herringbonepattern between circulargrooves, pairs of dots at base of each nozzle. Discus: plain. Base: two concentric grooveswith three small incised circlesbetweenthem and anotherat center. Handle: piercedand grooved. Perlzweig. Storage, Layer VII-a lamp handle of Broneer's type XXVIII, grooved on top only and not pierced.
M 245. CLAYANTEFIX. P1. 49.

with engraved horizontal grooves on the exterior. no. 589. Davidson, MinorObjects, Compare
BEAKER. M 248. GLASS P1. 55.

G 151. D. est. 0.08; Max. P.H. 0.075. Profile and decoration reconstructed from three non-joining pieces. Colorless glass. From a beaker of funnel shape. Engraved horizontal groove below the lip; the body decoratedwith dots of pale blue glass fusedinto the surface.Compare nos. 615-616, 641-643. Davidson,MinorObjects,
FRAGMENT. M 249. GLASS BOTTLE P1. 55.

A 808. P.H. 0.201; P.L. 0.113; P.W. 0.14. About two-thirds of the face and edge of the palmette preserved;brokenbehind, at one side and below. Coarse,reddish clay of brick-likefabric; traces of white paint on the face. The relief decoration of the face consists of a palmette above scrollswith the maker'sname below: A more complete specimenfrom [HPAKAE]IAO[Y]. the same mould (A 749b) is illustratedin P1. 49; this antefix comes from the 4th century filling of Deposit B 18:2.
BOWL. M 246. GLASS P1. 55.

G 152. D. lip est. 0.05; P.H. 0.019. Profilereconstructedfrom two non-joiningpieces. Greenish glass. The low neck of a bottle with horizontalshoulder. Applied to the top of the lip, a thread of opaque, bluish green glass.
M 250. GLASS AMPHORA NECK.

P1. 55.

G 149. D. lip 0.076; P.H. 0.165. Profile reconstructed from many joining and non-joining fragments. The neck is made of colorlessglass with a folded of the lip, on the exterior,is lip; to the undersurface a coil of applied opaque, bluish green glass. The handlesare of similarbluishgreenglass with irregular vertical threads of red laid on.
M 261. BONEDIE. PI. 56.

G 153. H. 0.055; D. est. 0.10. Fragmentary;the full profileis preserved.Colorless glass. A bowl of hemispherical shape decorated with engravedhorizontalgrooveson the exterior.Compare nos. 590, 592. P1. 52. M 252. WHETSTONE. Davidson,Minor Objects, ST 219. Max. dim. 0.185. BOWL. P1. 55. M 247. GLASS An irregularlyshaped piece of fine-grained, dense, G 150. P.H. 0.065; D. 0.103. Base and part of dark purplish red stone with some mica inclusions. Two surfaces show extensive wear from use as a body missing. Greenishglass. A bowl with obliquewall and plain lip, decorated whetstone.

BI 427. Dim. 0.008 at each edge. Intact. The values are arranged as on L 68. Each pip consists of a circulargroove with dot at center; the grooves and dots seem to have been filled with red L 68-72, M 109. coloringmatter. Compare

108

THE ATHENIAN AGORA: POTTERY OF THE ROMAN PERIOD LAYER VIII (MIDDLE OF 4TH CENTURY)

P 11584.H. 0.485;D. 0.197.Fragmentary; restored. Fabric and shape as M 240. Below the handle, an P 11585. D. est. 0.075; P.H. est. 0.035. Four nonjoining fragments of rim and body; spout missing. inscriptionin black paint: .rrpo(see under M 241). CompareF 65 and otherjars cited there. Fine, hard, grayish buff clay. From a very small funnelwith incurvedrim. Storage, Layer VIII-fragments representingat least eighteen similarjars. Storage, Layer VIII-fragments of a jug similar to M 266 and severalbits of gougedware,possiblyfrom M 266. Pls. 28, 58. JAR, ONE HANDLE, DIPINTO. jugs as M 292; parts of two jugs as M 220-222. P 9800.P.H. 0.49; D. 0.189.Lipmissing;fillinghole. P1. 28. AMPHORA. M 254. STORAGE As M 255. Below the handle, an inscription in P 11581.H. rest. 0.432; D. 0.30. Handlesand part black paint: rrpo(see underM 241). of neck missing; neck fragments do not join body; Pls. 28, 58. M 257. JAR, ONEHANDLE,DIPINTO. restored. Rather coarse,buff clay; self-slip;mastic (?). P 22008. P.H. 0.425; D. 0.19. Most of neck and to a foot below false ring resting surfaceof foot missing; filling hole. Plump body tapering As M 255. Below handle, an inscriptionin black with moulded base (? most of base missing but from P a similar resembled 12856, amphora paint: rcrA (see underM 241). probably in a neck terminates The 0 high Deposit 19:1). P1. 58. horizontalflange just below the sharp lip. Handles M 258. JAR, ONE HANDLE, DIPINTO. P 22009. P.H. 0.464; D. 0.19. Most of neck and round in section. It is possible that the restoration should have accentuated more the angle between resting surfaceof foot missing;fillinghole. As M 255. Below handle, an inscriptionin black shoulderand neck. three of two or paint: rpo (see underM 241). Storage, Layer VIII-fragments similaramphorae. P1.58. DIPINTO. M 259. JARFRAGMENT, Storage, Layer VIII-fragments of two amphorae P 11583.Max. dim. 0.038. Small fragment,broken similar to M 230-234 and of two others similar to all round, from the body of a jar such as M 255. M 237 (one of smallersize); fragmentsof two or three Inscriptionin black paint: rrpo(see under M 241). amphoraeas M 235 and of one possibly like M 273; four amphoratoes of the type representedby L 55 Storage,Layer VIII-fragments of threejars similar to M 282. and M 238.
OBJECTS OTHER THAN POTTERY M 260. WOODEN BUCKET.

HOUSEHOLD WARES MISCELLANEOUS P1. 71. M 23. FUNNEL.

255.

JAR, ONE HANDLE, DIPINTO.

Pls. 28, 41, 58.

P1. 51. BUCKET. M 261. WOODEN D. rest. 0.225-0.23. staves 13. H. of W 0.245; lip W 6. H. of staves 0.265; D. lip rest. 0.265-0.285. When found, the bucket was in nine pieces; now When found, the bucket was in twenty pieces; now reassembled by the use of beeswax. reassembled by the use of beeswax. The bucket consisted of nineteen staves and a The bucket consisted of sixteen staves held together by three horizontal iron bands (at top, single, circular piece of wood serving as base and middle and bottom). Base made of a single, circular inserted as in M 260 (set 0.015 above the bottom). piece of wood set into a groove cut on the inner face The staves were held together by three flat iron of the staves, 0.025 above the bottom. At two points, bands, that at the middle much narrowerthan the diametricallyopposed,the horizontalbands are held other two; vertical iron bands also, as in M 260. Of in place by transverse,vertical iron bands, to the these iron attachments almost nothing remains; they upper ends of which are fastened the rings in which were apparently fastened to the staves as in the case the bail handle (now missing) once pivoted. The of M 260. upper horizontal band was apparently fastened by P1.51. BUCKET. means of a nail to each of the staves; the other two M 262. WOODEN 0.142. rest. When W 14. H. of staves 0.163; D. lip bands were fixed to the staves at only a few points. For a handleand chainfragmentwhichmight belong found the bucket was in seventeen pieces; the base to this bucket (or to M 261, 262 or 263), see M 264. is missing; reassembled by use of beeswax. Thebucketconsistedof sixteen or seventeenstaves For examplesof Augustanor Tiberiancoopering,see the largewine casks,ca. 1.40 high, foundat Oberaden and was constructedas M 260-261, the base set 0.01 above the bottom of the staves. None of the iron I, p. 19, pl. 20). (Oberaden,
PI. 51.

GROUP M
attachments are preserved,but the nail holes in the staves indicate an arrangementsimilar to that of M 260-261.

109

M 264. IRON CHAINAND HANDLE FRAGMENTS. P1.58.

IL 634. Length of links varies from 0.058 to 0.067. This chain was found at the same level as the M 260-263 and presumablywas used with buckets M 263. LEAD BUCKET. P1. 51. one of them for drawingwater. Of eight fragments, IL 563. H. 0.16; D. 0.24. Handle and small part the four largest are shown in Plate 53. Threeconsist of the wall missing.Heavy fabric. of chain links. The fourth consists, apparently, of Bucket as J 9, J 18, M 137, M 208; the bottom a portionof a bail handlewith a fixedsuspension ring apparently preserves its original rounded profile. attached; a free-moving and anotherring which ring Plain lip; two U-shaped lugs, attached at lip, held seems to have been equippedwith a swivel joint run iron staples (of which only traces remain) through through the fixed ring. which the bail handle (alsoiron?) pivoted. LAYER IX (LATE 4TH CENTURY)
MISCELLANEOUS GLAZED AND NON-GLAZED WARES

M 265. JUG, PAINTEDDECORATION. P1.29. P 11578. H. 0.22; D. 0.121. Almost complete; restored. Hard, gray-buff clay; dull, reddish brown glaze (partial). Shapeas M 213. Decorationin white paint: around the body, spirals rotating clockwise toward center and linked below; transverse strokes across the handle.
M 266. JUG, ROUND MOUTH. P1. 29.

Flat-bottomed vessel with small, everted lip and round mouth. No handles.
M 270. Juo, ROUND MOUTH.

P1.29. P 11577. H. 0.24; D. 0.159. Handle missing; restored. Hard, buff clay; self-slip. Ovoid,wheel-ridged body on ring foot; wide neck, evertedlip and roundmouth. Singlehandle,attached to top of lip and indenting the lip slightly.
COARSE HOUSEHOLD WARES

P 11576. H. 0.145; D. 0.10. Complete. M 271. JUG, ROUND MOUTH. PI. 29. Hard, brownish clay with grits and mica; dull, P H. 11573. rest. D. 0.125. and brownto reddishbrownglaze (partial). 0.193; Lip part of restored. body missing; Shapeas M 219. Buff to reddishbuff clay with grits. M 267. JUG, ROUND MOUTH. Jug with wheel-ridged body, flat base and narrow P 9796. H. 0.158; D. 0.105. Intact. the everted lip probably neck; (as restored). Single Fabric, glaze and shape as M 266. strap handle. Two groovesaroundneck. Storage, Layer IX-fragments of four jugs AMPHORA. similarto M 266-267; in three cases the wheel-ridging M 272. STORAGE P1. 29. extends higherup the neck. P 11580. P.H. 0.40; D. 0.34. Neck, shoulder,one handle and part of second handle missing. M 268. JUG, ROUND MOUTH. P1.29. Hard, dark buff clay; self-slip. P 9798. H. 0.18; D. 0.112. Part of neck missing; Plump, ovoid body terminatingin a small knob. restored. Spiralgroovingon shoulderand upperthird of body; Dark buff clay; dull, reddishbrownto black glaze wheel-ridging, widely spacedat mid-partof body and (partial). closely spacedbelow. The shape of the shoulder,neck Piriform, wheel-ridgedbody on ring foot; high, and handles was probablysimilar to that of P 4129 narrow neck widening toward a plain lip. Sliced also the shape of M 235. (P1.40). Compare handle with single deep groove. Horizontal grooves Storage, Layer IX-fragments of a similar amaround neck below lip. CompareL 42, M 295-296. phora. Storage, Layer IX-fragments of three jugs of similar shape, two being of larger size. M 273. STORAGE AMPHORA, GRAFFITO. Pls. 29, 58. P 11579.H. 0.59; D. 0.335. Fragmentary; restored. Storage, Layer IX-several fragments of gouged reddish with mastic. Coarse, of two clay grits; ware, including parts jugs resemblingM 292 and of one spoutedjug similar to M 360. Plump, wheel-ridged body with the point of maximumdiameternear the roundedbottom; short, M 269. SMALL POT. P1.29. blunt toe. Wide neck, thickenedlip; handlesmarked P 9795. H. 0.063; D. 0.05. Intact. by a single, broadgroove.On the shoulder,a graffito: Yellow-buffclay, self-slip. A<((i.e. 371/2 [orctai]); the capacityof the jar is about

110

THE ATHENIAN AGORA: POTTERY OF THE ROMAN PERIOD

(name producer). P 22010. P.H. 0.511; D. 0.157. Resting surfaceof toe, parts of both handles and of lip missing; partly M 280. JAR, ONEHANDLE. P1. 29. restored. P 9797. H. 0.294; D. 0.167. Intact except for Coarse,brick-redto orange-redclay; mastic. fillinghole. Shape as L 33 and M 237, but smaller. Compare Reddishbrown,micaceousclay; mastic. M303. Small and exceptionally plump, fusiform,wheelStorage,Layer IX-fragments of three amphorae ridgedjar. Short,tubularfoot; thickenedlip; splayed of similarshape but of largersize (as M 237). handle with broad groove. M 275. JAR, ONEHANDLE. P1. 29. M 281. JAR, ONE HANDLE. P1. 29.

AMPHORA. M 274. STORAGE

on the basis of the standardof measureFabric as M 277. 371/2 orcrai ment whichoperatesalso in the case of M 123. Fusiform, wheel-ridged jar with pronounced Storage,LayerIX-fragment of a similaramphora. shoulder, high neck and a spreading,tubular foot. Splayed handle. Below handle, inscriptionin black
P1. 29. paint: ZCOTIKOV of owner or

P 9799. P.H. 0.331; D. 0.115. Neck and resting surfaceof foot missing. Dark red, micaceousclay. Small, fusiform,wheel-ridgedbody with long toe and tubular foot; pronouncedshoulderset off from the wall at an angle. Single handle with splayed attachments. F 65 and other jars cited there. Compare
M 276. JAR, ONEHANDLE. P1. 29.

P 11575.H. 0.355; D. 0.170. Complete; fillinghole. reddish micaceous mastic. brown, Dull, Light clay; reddishbrownglaze over upper third of body. As M 280, but the tubularfoot flaresoutwardand the everted lip is undercut.
M 282. JAR, ONE HANDLE. Pls. 29, 41.

P 11574.P.H. 0.278; D. 0.10. Mostof neckmissing; fillinghole. Light brown, micaceousclay. As M 275.
M 277. JAR, ONEHANDLE. P1. 29.

P 9792. H. 0.485; D. 0.188. Almost complete; fillinghole. Reddish brown, micaceousclay; mastic. As M 255-258. Storage,LayerIX-three completejars (eachwith filling hole) and fragments of eighteen others, all similar to M 277.
DIPINTO. M 278. JAR FRAGMENT, P1. 58.

P 11582.P.H. 0.094. Shoulderfragment,including handle. From a jar of the same fabricand shape as M 277. in blackpaint: rrpo(see Storage, Layer IX-fragments of four jugs as Below the handle,inscription M 220-222 and of one jug similar to M 225; two underM 241). amphorae,almost complete, and two fragmentary, Pls. 29, 58. similarto M 230-234; M 279. JAR, ONE HANDLE,DIPINTO. fragmentsof three amphorae P 9794. H. 0.369; D. 0.159. Most of lip missing; similarto M 235 and of two others similarto M 254. fillinghole; partly restored.
OBJECTSOTHERTHANPOTTERY

P 9793. H. 0.592; D. 0.225. Resting surface of foot and part of lip missing; filling hole. Partly restored. Coarse, gritty, gray-black clay with some mica (quite unlike the fabric of the micaceousware jars such as M 255-258 and M 277-279); mastic. Fusiform, wheel-ridged jar tapering toward a small, tubular foot. Small, everted lip. Splayed handle with broadgroove. Storage, Layer IX-three jars nearly complete (each with filling hole) and fragmentsof six others, all similarto M 282; also a jar, almost complete, of the shape of M 282 but made of the red micaceous fabric which occurs in M 255-258, M 277-279, etc. Layer IX marksthe first appearance(except for the fragmentsnoted on pp. 79, 107) of this gray pointed of 5th and 6th century jar,whichis quitecharacteristic fillings.

M 283. LAMP,SIGNED.

P1. 46.

M 284. LAMP,SIGNED.

PI. 46.

L 2915. L. 0.112; W. 0.079; H. 0.04. Intact.

Hard, buff clay. Rim: vine pattern. Discus: rays. Handle: solid, grooved above and below. Base: incuse signature, POY I Y, within two circular grooves. CompareK 122. Perlzweig.

L 2914. L. 0.108; W. 0.077; H. 0.034. Intact. Hard,reddishbuffclay; dull, purplishbrownglaze. Rim: herringbonepanel at each side flanked by circles.Discus: rosette. Handle: solid, groovedabove and below. Base: incuse signature, KY, within circulargroove.Perlzweig.

GROUP M
M 285. DISCOID LOOMWEIGHT.

111

MC427. D. 0.075; Th. 0.026. Intact. Coarse,pinkish buff clay with grits. As G 162 and certainly out of context in this late 4th century filling.

Coarse-grained,grayish marble. The shaft is approximatelyround in section, narrowingtoward the splayed handle. Grindingsurfaceflat and worn.
M 288. FooT OF BRONZE VESSEL. PI. 53.

B 422. P.H. 0.068; P.W. 0.025. Part of the animal M 286. GLASS BOWL FRAGMENT. P1. 55. G 148. P.H. 0.019; D. est. 0.24. A small fragment paw brokenaway. Foot apparentlydesignedfor a vessel with almost of the rim. vertical wall; a horizontaltongue at the back of the From a bowl of opaque, dark blue glass; the rim foot held the floor of the vessel ca. 0.03 above the folded outward. supportingsurface.The front of the foot is rendered M 287. MARBLEPESTLE. P1.52. as an animal'spaw in the lowerhalf and as a palmette ST 185. L. 0.185; W. handle 0.112. Chippedat the above. bottom.
LAYER X (EARLY
P1. 86.

5TH CENTURY)

MISCELLANEOUS GLAZED AND NON-GLAZED WARES

M 289. PLATE, STAMPED DECORATION.

Similarto L 38, but the neck is higher.Upperhalf of body markedby obliquegougedlines.

P 11562.Max. dim. 0.18; Max. P.D. est. 0.25. Part of floor with start of the wall preserved. Reddish buff clay with grits; dull, purplish red glaze (partial). From a plate with flat floor and rounded wall. Stamped decorationon floor: a pattern consisting of concentriccircles and a border of dots is impressed once at the centerand (eight)times in a circularband, the whole surrounded by three circulargrooves. The rim was probably similar to that of P 8651 (P1. 71), which comes from Deposit D 6:1 (with coins of the 5th century extending down to Marcian, 450-457). M 290. BOWL, PAINTED DECORATION. P1.71. P 11570. H. 0.04-0.045; D. 0.158. Fragmentary; restored. Rather coarse,buff clay with grits; dull, red glaze (partial). Bowl of broad conical shape with false ring foot and vertical rim. Grooveson exterior of rim and at centerof floor.Decorationin white paint: on the floor, spiralsrotating clockwisetoward center. A very similarbowl, P 8656, was foundin the same 5th century deposit as P 8651, cited underM 289.

M293. JUG,

GOUGED DECORATION.

PI. 80.

M 291. JUG, ROUND MOUTH. P1.30. P 11565. H. 0.165; D. 0.095. Handle and part of M 296. JUG, ROUND MOUTH. P1. 80. lip missing; restored. Buff clay with grits; dull, brownish black glaze P 22013. H. 0.283; D. 0.152. Handle and part of (partial). lip missing;restored. Buff clay with grits; dull, reddish glaze (partial). Shape as L 37, M 219, M 266-267. As M 295. Four groovesaroundneck above handle Storage, Layer X-one similar jug, almost comattachment. plete, and anotherfragmentary.
M 292. JUG,
GOUGED DECORATION. P1.80. M 297. JUG, GOUGED DECORATION. P 9789. H. 0.182; D. 0.102. Intact. P 11572. P.H. 0.22; D. 0.187. Neck, handle and Buff clay with grits; dull, purplish brown glaze part of body missing; partly restored. (partial). Hard, reddishbuff clay; self-slip; mastic.

P 22011. H. 0.165; D. 0.126. Intact. Dark pinkish buff clay with grits; dull, brownish glaze (partial). As M 292 but larger and of more nearly ovoid shape. Storage, Layer X-six almost completejugs and fragmentsof five others, all similar to M 293 (those found, like M 293, in the upper levels of Layer X, tend to have more slender proportionsthan those from the lower levels). M 294. JUG, ROUND MOUTH. P1. 80. P 11563. H. 0.35; D. 0.217. Almost complete; restored. Hard, darkbuff clay; dull, darkred glaze (partial). Plump, fusiformbody on ring foot; low neck with evertedlip. Ridged handle. Two groovesaroundbase of neck. Compare M 313. M 295. JUG, ROUND MOUTH. PI. 30. P 11566. H. rest. 0.212; D. 0.125. Fragmentary, lip missing;restored. Reddish buff clay; dull, reddish brown glaze (partial). As L 42, M 268. A groovearoundneckabove handle attachment.Handle markedby single, broadgroove.

112

THE ATHENIAN AGORA: POTTERY OF THE ROMAN PERIOD

P1. 31. As L 43. The profileis almost angularat the point M 303. STORAGE AMPHORA. of maximum diameter and is marked there by a P 9791. P.H. 0.439; D. 0.151. Resting surface of horizontalgroove; another groove halfway between foot and one handle missing; partly restored. that point and the base of the neck. Coarsebrick-redclay with grits. As M 237 and 274 but smaller;there is, however, DECORATION. P1. 30. M 298. JUG, GOUGED no angularityto the shoulderand the lip is marked P 11571. P.H. 0.25; D. 0.191. Handle, neck and by a grooveratherthan a flange. base missing; partly restored. Storage, Layer X-fragments of an amphora of similarshape but of largersize. Hard, reddishclay with grits; mastic. Shape as M 297, but larger. Heavy grooves at base of neck with trace of spiral groovingabove (as M 304. STORAGE JAR, ONE HANDLE. P1. 31. L 43). The gougeddecoration is in two zones:immediP 11568.P.H. 0.418; D. 0.159. Handle,mouth and ately below the neck, a band of leaf patterns alterresting surfaceof foot missing. nating with vertical wave lines (cf. [M 312]); below, Coarse,orange-redclay with grits (similar,except alternatingtriangularpanels of vertical and oblique for color, to the fabric of M 303 and its parallels). lines. to a false ring foot. Wide Slender body tapering Storage,Layer X-a lip fragmentsimilarto L 43 neck, offset from a narrow shoulder, and tapering but of fabricdifferentfrom that of M 297 and 298. upward.Handlesfrom shoulderto near the preserved top of neck. Lower part of body marked by coarse M 299. JUG, GOUGED DECORATION. P1. 30. P 11564. P.H. 0.232; D. 0.159. Mouthand handle wheel-ridging. Storage, Layer X-part of a similar one-handled missing. jar. Red to orange-red clay with grits; mastic. 44. As L P1. 30. M 305. STORAGE AMPHORA. Storage,Layer X-two incompletejugs of similar P 11567. P.H. 0.40; D. 0.253. Fragmentary;neck decorationbut of slightly more globular shape; fragand handlesmissing. M 299. similar to ments of three others probably Hard, reddishbuff clay with grits; self-slip. As L 55 and M 238; plumpbody,the profilealmost COARSE HOUSEHOLD WARES angularat mid-point. Storage, Layer X-fragments of three similar JAR. P1. 30. [M 300]. SPOUTED amphorae.

P 11569. H. rest. 0.405; D. rest. 0.112. Fragmentary; lip, toe and one handlemissing;partlyrestored. Reddish brown,micaceousclay. Smallfusiformjar, similarto M 275-276, but with MOUTH. M 301. JUG, TREFOIL P1. 30. high, sloping shoulderand two splayed handles. On P 9790. H. 0.188; D. 0.128. Intact. shoulder,between handles, a graffito:On<vo (the jar wild with have wine flavored held iKlvos, might Coarse, yellow-buffclay; self-slip. there. F 65 and other cited wide and with flat everted jars Compare basil). neck, base, lip Jug trefoil mouth. Broad strap handle with single ridge. Storage, Layer X-fragments of at least twelve red micaceous jars of the one-handledvariety and AMPHORA. P1. 31. of the large size such as is seen in M 277; fragments M 302. STORAGE P 22012. H. rest. 0.475; D. 0.24. Fragmentary, of two double-handledred micaceousjars of large size. base missing;restored. Rather coarse, buff to pinkish buff clay; mastic. As M 230-234, but more slender. Storage,Layer X-fragments of two jugs as M 220 of four --221; fragmentsof two amphorae as M 235 and amphorae Storage, Layer X-fragments as M 229. of another M to similar 302. probably

H. 0.214; D, 0.226. Tip of spout and one handle missing. Rather coarse, reddish buff clay with some mica. Plump jar with flat base; wide, low neck and everted lip. Two vertical, ridged handles; single spout centered between the handles and projecting upwardfrom the shoulder(inner D. of spout 0.03). Lightly incised decorationon neck: two intersecting wave lines. Storage, Layer X-fragment of a jar, including part of the spout, probablysimilarto P 13434.

P 13434.DepositP 19:1 (early6th century).

AMPHORA. M 306. STORAGE

P1. 30.

P 22015. P.H. 0.297; D. 0.152. Neck and handles missing. Fabric as M 305. Shape similar to M 305, but smallerand more slender.
M 307. JAR, TWOHANDLES,GRAFFITO. PIs. 31, 58.

GROUP M
OBJECTS OTHER THAN POTTERY

118

Bird of indeterminablespecies on a roughly cylindrical base, the whole cast in a two-part mould T 1596. Max. dim. 0.057. Left side of head prewith vertical seams at tail and head. On the left served. Buff clay; traces of white paint on head and red wing, a graffito:aoarpos(genitive case of the proper name "Aorlp ?). Grandjouan. paint on beak. From a figureof a bird, of which a more complete STEMFRAGMENT. P1. 55. example (not from the same mould)may be seen in: M 309. GLASS G 147. P.H. 0.048. Broken at bottom. Greenish, T 1854 (Pls. 48, 58). translucent 18:1 0 glass. Deposit (4th century). The preserved portion resembles a bottle with H. 0.128. Tail and part of back missing. Reddish clay; traces of white paint on body and of yellow (?) very shallowbody; below the body, traces of a bowl on head. (? or base?) spreadingto the sides.
M 308. TERRACOTTA FIGURINE FRAGMENT.

LAYER XI (LATE 5TH CENTURY)

MISCELLANEOUS GLAZED AND NON-GLAZED WARES

M313. JUG, ROUND MOUTH.

M310.

neck missing; restored. P 11560. P.H. 0.037; D. est. 0.32. Small fragment Buff clay with grits; dull, red glaze (partial). of rim and wall. As M 294; grooves at base of neck and at point Hard, reddishclay; dull, reddishglaze, firedblack of maximumdiameter. on exteriorof rim. Storage, Layer XI-one similar jug, almost The rim of a plate; it is possiblethat the floorwas complete, and fragmentsof three others (one larger, markedwith stamped patterns (cf. M 289). and one smallerthan M 313).
[M 3111. JUG, PAINTED DECORATION.

PLATE FRAGMENT.

P1. 71.

P1. 31. P 22016. H. 0.30; D. 0.192. Handle and part of

P1. 31.

P 5626. Deposit N 13:1 (5th century). P.H. 0.382; D. 0.23. Fragmentary, lip missing; restored. Hard, gray-buff clay with grits; dull, purplish brownglaze (partial). Plump, fusiform body on ring foot; wide neck, presumably with everted lip and round mouth as [M312]. Two groovesat base of neck. Broad,grooved handle. Decorationin white paint: aroundthe upper half of the body, two rows of spirals rotating clockwise toward center, each of those in the upper row linked vertically to that beneath. Storage, Layer XI-numerous fragments of two jugs similarto P 5626 in shape and decoration.
[M 312]. JUG, GOUGEDDECORATION. P1. 31.

Storage,Layer XI-fragments of two unglazedbowls similarin shape to M 290; parts of five jugs as M 293, one with spouted lip (cf. M 360); lip fragmentof a jug similarto M 298.
COARSEHOUSEHOLDWARES

P 9874. Deposit K 18:1 (5th century). H. 0.36; D. 0.22. Fragmentary;restored. Rather coarse, buff clay; dull, purplish brown glaze (partial). Shape as [M 311]; lip slightly everted, round mouth. Two grooves at base of neck and two at point of maximum diameter. On the upper part of the body, gouged decoration:tall leaf pattern alternating with vertical wave line (comparethe decoration of M 298). Storage, Layer XI-fragments of at least two similarjugs, one ornamentedwith the same pattern, the other with vertical gouged lines.
8

P1. 31. P 11561. P.H. 0.225; D. rest. 0.262. Fragmentary, upperpart (includinghandles,if any) missing;partly restored. Rather fine, reddishbrownclay. Plump jar with flattened base (base slightly concave at center); roundedshoulder.There appear to be faint traces of the upwardturn of the neck, the diameter of which must have been ca. 0.15. The shape suggests a cookingpot, but the fabric is much finer than that of cooking ware and there are no traces of burningon the vessel.
M 314. COOKING (?) POT. [M 316]. JAR, ONE HANDLE,GRAFFITO. Pls. 33, 58.

P 10564. Deposit D 15:2 (6th century). H. 0.52; D. 0.183. Intact. cuted vertical streaks of reddish brown glaze from shoulderto toe; mastic. Slenderbody taperingto narrowtoe with concave base. Shortneck; everted,thickenedlip. Onthe body, a small graffito: Christianmonogram. Storage,Layer XI-fragments of a similarjar.
Reddish buff clay with mica; six carelessly exe-

114

THE ATHENIAN AGORA: POTTERY OF THE ROMAN PERIOD

Storage, Layer XI-fragments of two amphoraeof the type of M 230-234 and of one similarto M 306; handles and body fragments of three amphoraeas M 329; parts of two jars similar to M 282 (one of brown rather than black fabric); fragmentsof two reddishbrown micaceousone-handled jars as M 277 and of two two-handledjars as M 335.

P1.26. M 316. LID. P 11559. P.H. 0.024; D. 0.059. Top of knob missing. Pinkish buff clay. A circular disc with slight concavity on undersurface; on the top, a thin knob (pinchedbetween the potter'sthumb and forefinger).

OBJECTS OTHER THAN POTTERY

P1.46. M 317. LAMP. L 2918. L. 0.088; W. 0.061; H. 0.028. Intact.

Dark buff clay, containing some mica.

M 318. CONICAL LOOMWEIGHT.

Rim: herringbone pattern. Discus: plain. Handle: and below. Base: five small, above solid, grooved P1. 53. M 319. IRONKEY. incuse circles arrangedin a cross pattern and surIL 562. L. 0.055. Dim. of bit 0.028 x 0.018. roundedby two oval grooves.Perlzweig. but apparentlyintact. Corroded, of two similar Storage, Layer XI-fragments As M 189; corrosionprevents the determination lamps. of the numberof teeth in the bit. LAYER XII (EARLY 6TH CENTURY) togetherat front to create a spout. Handle as M 321 and upperpart of body neatly wheel-ridged Shoulder Storage, Layer XII-fragments of the handle of a Compare M 370. bowl as M 209-210, terminatingin a panther'shead; Storage, Layer XII-fragments of three similar fragmentsof two bowls similarto M 350. jugs; one is of plumperproportions(as A 321), on extends up the neck. DECORATION. M 320. JUG, GOUGED PI. 31. anotherthe wheel-ridging
MISCELLANEOUS GLAZED AND NON-GLAZED WARES

MC426. H. 0.054; D. 0.036. Intact. Fine, hard, light buff clay. As M 22, M 204 (q.v.).

P 22017. H. 0.187; D. 0.10. Most of neck missing; restored. Brownishclay with grits; dull, purplishbrownto black glaze (partial). Slender, ovoid body on crude ring foot. Vertical neck with evertedlip; mouthmight have beenround, as in M 357 (so restored),or spouted, as in M 360. Groovedstrap handle. Decorationof obliquegouged lines on upperpart of body. Storage, Layer XII-fragments of at least ten jugs similarto M 320; more than half have spouted lips as M 360; some are of plumper,more globular shape than M 320.

LARGE STORAGE VESSELS, ETC.

M 323. STORAGE AMPHORA.

P1. 32.

P 11554. H. 0.425; D. 0.245. Fragmentary;one handle missing; restored. Coarse,reddishclay with grits, firedgray at core; the clay poorly kneaded and badly fired, with the result that severallargeblistersoccuron the surface; self-slip;mastic. Ovoid body on false ring foot with mouldedbase. Narrow neck and thickened lip. Handles round in section. This appearsto be a late variant of the form by M 230-234. represented Storage, Layer XII-fragments of two vessels P1.31. M 321. JUG. probablysimilar in shape to M 323 but of a fabric P 9785. H. 0.255; D. 0.199. Almost complete; like that of M 230-234. restored. DIPINTO. Pls. 32, 58. M 324. STORAGE AMPHORA, Coarse,yellow-buffclay. P 9784. H. 0.38; D. 0.215. Fragmentary;restored. in an everted neckterminates Flat base; the narrow a at to front create Coarse,reddishbrownclay with grits. spout. lip, pinched together Ovoidbodytaperingto falseringfootwith moulded Handle marked by single, prominent ridge. Spiral base. Narrowneck; evertedlip with groove on upper groovingon shoulderand upperpart of body. Storage, Layer XII-fragments of a similar jug. surface. Carelessly executed grooves on shoulder. MOUTH. M 322. Juv, SPOUTED P1.31. P 9786. H. 0.242; D. 0.179. Part of lip missing. Coarse,buff to pinkishbuff clay. Flat base; wide neck with everted lip pinched
Handles oval in section. On shoulder, an inscription

in black paint, written upsidedownin relationto the

pot: [symbol for criora, followed by] 0(. Miss Mabel Lang informs me that the capacity of this amphora is just 91 o-rTai.

GROUP M
AMPHORA. M 325. STORAGE P1. 82.
M 330.

115
STORAGE AMPHORA, PAINTED DECORATION,

GRAFFITO. Pls. 32, 58. P 9787. H. 0.47; D. 0.215. Complete;filling hole. Fabric as M 324; mastic. P 9788. H. 0.41; D. 0.268. Fragmentary;restored. Slender, ovoid body tapering to false ring foot Fabric,shapeand decorationas M 329, except that with mouldedbase. Narrowneck and plain, thickened the painted spirals are here replaced by vertical lip. Handles oval in section. Two grooves below lip; groups of short horizontalstripes. On the shoulder, a graffito: KaX (or KaS = K&6os, i amphora; the groove at t.a.h. of this to vessel corresponds that of a K&SOS). capacity P1. 82. [M 326]. STORAGE AMPHORA. P 12937. Deposit P 18:1 (late 5th or 6th century). M 331. STORAGE AMPHORA, PAINTED DECORATION. H. 0.425; D. 0.227. Almost complete;restored. P 11557.P.H. 0.40; D. 0.268. Fragmentary;partly restored. Hard, slightly coarse, buff clay; self-slip. Ovoid body on false ring foot with mouldedbase. Fabric and shape as M 329; decorationas M 330. in neck with thickened Handles oval section. High lip. M 332. STORAGE VESSEL. P1. 32. Threegrooves aroundneck at t.a.h. P 11553. P.H. 0.253; D. 0.205. Fragmentary; Storage, Layer XII-fragments of a similar of more slender upper parts missing; partly restored. amphora proportions. Gritty, reddishorangeclay; self-slip. DIPINTO. Pls. 32, 58. M 327. STORAGE AMPHORA, From a vessel with cylindrical,wheel-ridged body P 11558. P.H. 0.42; D. 0.262. Fragmentary;neck and roundedbase. and handlesmissing; partly restored. Pls. 32, 58. AMPHORA, DIPINTI. Brownishclay with grits. [M 333]. STORAGE P 14093. 18:1 5th P or 6th Deposit (late century). Shape similarto M 235, but the toe is shorterand H. 0.495; D. 0.211. Fragmentary;restored. broader. On the shoulder, inscription in red paint: Gritty, pinkishbuff clay; buff slip. ]rl < (i.e.[a-rTa -] 81). Almost cylindricalbody; roundedbase with small Storage, Layer XII-fragments of two similar projecting knob. Thickened, rounded lip. Handles amphorae. markedby a single, deep groove. Body wheel-ridged, AMPHORA. P1. 32. the [M 328]. STORAGE ridgeswidely spacedat the mid-pointof the body P 14090. Deposit P 18:1 (late 5th or 6th century). and close set on shoulderand base. On the shoulder, H. 0.45; D. 0.28. Fragmentary;restored. three unintelligible inscriptions in red paint: pv Reddish brown clay, with much mica; buff slip. (=150) yca Er. Plump body, lightly wheel-ridged,with point of Storage, Layer XII-fragments of at least three greatest diameter near bottom; base rounded, with similaramphorae. small projectingtoe. Short neck with roundedlip. AMPHORA. P1. 33. Storage, Layer XII-fragments of a similar M 334. STORAGE P H. D. 11555. rest. 0.191. 0.595; Fragmentary; amphora. toe missing; restored (toe restored on basis of unM 329. STORAGE AMPHORA, PAINTED DECORATION. inventoriedfragmentfrom Layer XII). Pls. 32, 35. Soft, gritty, orange-buff clay; self-slip. P 11556.H. 0.41; D. 0.269. Fragmentary;restored. Slender, tapering, wheel-ridgedbody ending in a flat base. High neck tapering toward a plain lip; Gritty, buff to reddishbuff clay. of with diameter near Plump body point greatest projectinghorizontalflangejust belowthe lip. Ridged the rounded base. Low, vertical neck with rounded handles. For earlier occurrencesof this fabric, see lip. Grooved ring handles. Body wheel-ridged in M 103, M 176 and pp. 77, 107. handle zone, at point of maximum diameterand on Storage, Layer XII-fragments of two similar base. Decoration in white paint: vertical patterns amphorae. of interlacedwave lines extending from shoulderto P1.33. base; at the mid-point of the body, a row of spirals M 335. JAR, TWOHANDLES. P 23541. P.H. 0.495; D. 0.189. Lip, one handle borderedby a horizontal stripe above and another below. Compare M 330-331 and the earlieramphora and foot missing; partly restored. K 108. Amphoraefrom Palestine, similar to M 329, Reddish brown,micaceousclay; mastic. have been publishedby O. R. Sellers and D. C. BaFusiform, wheel-ridgedbody with high, slender A.S.O.R. and splayed handles. The toe was originallyof neck ramki, Suppl. Studies, XV-XVI, 1953, in 8. from tubular Another Palestine is the form, tapering toward the resting surface pp. 9, 30, fig. AmericanUniversity Museum,Beirut (Inv. 4978). M F 65 and other jars cited there. 373). Compare (cf. of at least sevenof two similar XII-fragments Storage, Layer XII-fragments Storage,Layer in LayerXII teen similar No occurred amphorae. jars. fragments

116

THE ATHENIAN AGORA: POTTERY OF THE ROMAN PERIOD

The bottom surface is convex; on the top, a rough which could with certaintybe identifiedas belonging to one-handledmicaceousjars. knob, approximatelysquarein cross section.

P 13172.Deposit 0 18:1 (late 5th or 6th century). H. 0.50; D. 0.203. Complete. Hard, reddishbuff clay; dull, brownto blackglaze smearedover the upperpart of body; mastic. Shape as [M 316], but the toe is sufficientlywide for the jar to stand upright; mouldedbase. Storage,LayerXII-fragments of six similarjars.
M 337. LID.

[M 336]. JAR, ONE HANDLE.

P1. 33.

P 11552. H. 0.027; D. 0.047. Intact. Rather soft, buff clay; traces of white slip (?).

M369.

Storage,Layer XII-fragments of threejugs similar in shape to M 294 but slightly smallerand without L 49, glaze; considerable portionsof a jug resembling but slightlymoreplump;numerous joiningfragments of a flat-bottomed jug similarto M 370; considerable remains of an amphorasimilar to P 21818 (P1. 40; cited under M 174-this late recurrenceof a 4th century shape is noted also in P 13180, which comes from the same deposit as [M 336]); part of an unguentarium, coated with mastic inside, similar to

OBJECTS OTHER THAN POTTERY

M 338. LAMP.

P1. 46.

M 342.

GLASS CUP FRAGMENT.

PI. 54.

M 339. LAMP.

G 312. P.H. 0.029; D. 0.048. Foot preserved. L 2912. P.L. 0.095; W. 0.077; H. 0.032. Part of Colorless discus and most of body missing. glass. As M 341. clay. Orange-red Rim: ovules. Discus: bust of Helios, radiate, M 343. GLASS CUP FRAGMENT. facing. Handle: solid, groovedabove only. Perlzweig. G 313. P.H. 0.026; D. 0.048. Foot preserved. As M 342.
P1. 46.

L 3209. P.L. 0.079. Part of discus preserved. Reddish clay with grits. Rim: groups of concentric semicircles. Discus: rosette. Handle: solid, grooved above. Perlzweig.

M 344.

GLASS CUP FRAGMENT.

G 314. P.H. 0.029; D. 0.045. Foot preserved. As M 342.

M 346. GLASS CUP FRAGMENT.

M340.

KILN-SUPPORT

(?).

P1. 50.

As M 342.

G 315. P.H. 0.024; D. 0.041. Foot preserved.

MC352. P.H. 0.068. Brokenabove. M 346. GLASSCUP FRAGMENT. Coarsebuff clay. G 316.P.H. 0.029;D. 0.038.Foot preserved. A roughlytriangularpiece of clay, smoothedfront As M 342. and back, with a small flange projectingat a right M 347. GLASS BOTTLE FRAGMENT. P1.55. angle from the base on the front. The use to which G 145. P.H. 0.04; D. 0.062. Lower part of body this object was put is uncertain. preserved.Greenishblue glass. Cylindrical body; concave base. PI. 54. M 341. GLASS CUP FRAGMENT. G 144. P.H. 0.03; D. 0.048. Foot of cup preserved. Greenishglass. Short, globular stem; flaring base with folded edge. Compare Davidson, Minor Objects,no. 720 (datedin 11th or 12th century, but with 6th century parallels).
HANDLE. M 348. GLASS P1. 54.

G 146. P.H. 0.063. One handle,with part of body at lower attachment. The body colorless;the handle of opaque, dark blue glass. A vertical, grooved handlewith doublefold at the top.

MISCELLANEOUS

M 349. BowL, STAMPED DECORATION. Pls. 36, 71.

LAYER XIII (LATE 6TH CENTURY) M 350. BOWL, STAMPED DECORATION.Pls. 33,36,71. WARES GLAZEDAND NON-GLAZED P 9657. H. 0.065; D. 0.258. Almost complete;
restored.

restored. P 9656.H. 0.055; D. 0.207. Fragmentary; Hard, orangeclay; reddishorangeglaze (partial). Bowl on ring foot. Everted, horizontallip, marked by groove at outer edge and another at inner edge; outer edge of lip has plan of a decagon.At center of floor,stampeddecoration:swastikain incuse square.

Thin, hard, reddishbrownclay; dull red glaze. Broad bowl on ring foot. At center of floor, stamped decoration: dog (?) to left, head turned back (the outlinesof the figureareincuse,ratherthan in relief,as also on M 361 and a largegroupof related bowls).

GROUP M
M 361. BOWL, STAMPED DECORATION.

117

Orange-buff, micaceous clay; dull, orange-red P 9658. H. 0.057; D. est. 0.24. A single fragment glaze (partial). As M 320 and M 358; round mouth, two grooves preservesthe full profile. neck. Gouged decoration around the body: around Hard, reddishclay with grits; thicker fabric than irregularlyarrangedvertical and oblique lines. M 350; dull, reddishglaze. Shape as M 350. On the floor, incuse stamped M 358. JUG, GOUGEDDECORATION. PI. 83. decoration:cross, impressedat least twice. P 9665. H. 0.173; D. 0.122. Part of mouth and Storage,Layer XIII-rim fragmentsof two plates similarto M 350 and 351. body missing; restored(with roundmouth as M 357). clay with grits; dull, red glaze (parOrange-buff M 352. GLAZEDBOWL. P1. 71. tial). As M 357. Gougeddecorationaround body: four P 9659. H. 0.052; D. est. 0.18. Single fragment vertical leaf patterns. preservescompleteprofile. Reddish clay with grits; dull, red glaze (partial). P1. 33. Shallowbowl on ring foot; five concentricgrooves M 359. JUG, GOUGEDDECORATION. P 22019. H. 0.184; D. 0.134. Intact. at center of floor. Coarse,reddishbrown clay with grits; dull, black PI. 33. BOWL. [M 3531. GTAZTED glaze (partial). P 8654. Deposit D 6:1 (late 5th or early 6th As M 357, but the body is more plump and the century). point of maximum diameter is low. Round mouth. H. 0.095; D. 0.185. Fragmentary;restored. Gougeddecorationas on M 357. Brownishbuff to reddishclay with grits; dull glaze P1. 83. (partial), fired black inside and on exterior of rim, M 360. JUG, GOUGEDDECORATION. red on exterior below rim. P 9652. H. 0.187; D. 0.115. Intact. bowl on ring foot; plain rim, turned Buff to pinkishbuff clay; dull, red glaze (partial). Hemispherical in slightly. Two grooves around body at point of Shape as M 357, except that the neck flares out; maximum diameter,anotherjust below lip. a small indentation of the lip at the front creates a Storage, Layer XIII-rim fragment of a similar spouted mouth. Gougeddecorationas on M 357. bowl; the dull glaze firedblack on exteriorof rim, red on interiorand on exteriorbelow rim. M 361. JUG, GOUGEDDECORATION. P1. 33. P 11551. H. 0.183; D. 0.127. Most of mouth M 354. GLAZEDBOWL. P1. 71. missing; restored (with round mouth, on the basis P 9649. H. 0.047; D. 0.09. Complete. of an uninventoried jug fragmentwith similargouged Soft, light buff clay with grits; dull, reddishglaze decoration). (partial). Buff to pinkishbuff clay with grits; dull, red glaze Bowl on ring foot; everted lip; five grooveson top (partial).Very crudelymade. of lip. Shape as M 357, but somewhat more plump. decorationaroundbody: at either side of the Gouged Pls. 83, 71. M 355. BOWL. handle, crisscross pattern; on front, vertical line with P 11549. H. 0.061; D. 0.105. Fragmentary; an row of small gougings extending down oblique restored. from its top at either side. Soft, reddish buff clay with grits; self-slip. Storage, Layer XIII-ten jugs similar to M 357, one similarto M 360, one similarto M 361; fragments P1. 71. M 366. GLAZED BOWL FRAGMENT. of at least five other jugs with gouged decoration. P 11547. P.H. 0.046; D. est. 0.11. Small fragment of wall; base missing. M 362. JUG, PAINTEDDECORATION. P1. 33. Soft, gray-buff,micaceousclay; the surfacehas a P 9653. H. D. 0.134. Intact. 0.185; smooth, almost soapy texture, as also in M 363 and Buff with some mica; dull, dark red glaze clay [M 365]; dull, red glaze, much worn. in a pattern of interlocking,inverted U's. From a bowl with wheel-run grooves about the applied Plump body on broad ring foot; plain lip, round body. mouth. Handle oval in section. Storage, Layer XIII-a jug of similar shape Storage, Layer XIII-rim fragments of a bowl without similarin shape to M 290, but much smaller(D. est. glaze decoration. 0.08).
P1. 86. M 363. JUG FRAGMENT. P1. 42.

M 367. JUG, GOUGEDDECORATION.

P 9651. H. 0.199; D. 0.123. Intact.

P 11548.P.H. 0.03; D. foot 0.061. Base and lowest part of body preserved.

118

THE ATHENIAN AGORA: POTTERY OF THE ROMAN PERIOD

P1. 34. Soft, buff, micaceousclay; soapy texture on the M 368. JUG. surface (cf. M 356 and [M 365]). Trace of dull, red P 11550. P.H. 0.10; D. 0.074. Mouth and part of glaze (partial). body missing;partly restored. The shape of this jug may have been that of Soft, orange-buff clay with grits; the surface P 10563 (P1.40), which comes from Deposit D 15:2 flaked. (6th century) and is of fabric and glaze very similar Ovoid body; flat base, set off from the body by a to M 363. groove. No trace of handle preserved,althoughthere might have been one. M 364. JUG. P1.33. M 369. UNGUENTARIUM P1. 34. (?). P 22018. H. 0.175; D. 0.133. Intact. P 9648. H. 0.26; D. 0.062. Complete. Yellowishbuff, micaceousclay. Ratherhard,pinkishbuff,micaceousclay; crudely The shape is similarto that of M 362; the handle, which is lightly ridged,joins the neck below the lip. made; mastic. Wheel-ridged,fusiform body; narrow, flat base; Storage,Layer XIII-a similarjug of gritty, buff narrow neckwith slightlyevertedlip. No handles. with reddish tall, dull, clay glaze (partial). It is of interest to observe that between the bulbous unguentariaof the 1st century (as G 96-98 [M 3656. JUG, INCISED ORNAMENT. P1. 33. P 21609. Deposit D 14:1 (late 6th and 7th cen- and M 6-7 and [81) and those of the 6th (as M 369 and a commontype of late stamped unguentarium, turies). H. rest. 0.228; D. 0.166. Most of lip and frag- of which two specimensare publishedin Hesperia, ments of body missing;base does not join; restored. III, 1934,p. 295, nos. 289-290) thereare no terracotta micaceousclay; soapy textureto unguentariain evidence in the Agora collection. It Soft, orange-buff, surface (as M 366 and 363); dull, red glaze (partial), is logical to assume that the light weight of glass bottles and their cheapness(as a result of the rapid much worn; mastic. Plump jug on flat base; slender neck; plain, diffusion of the technique of glass-blowingin the flaring lip. Ridged handle. Grooves aroundneck at 1st century and later) made glass preferableto clay F 50. its base and below lip. Incised decoration:at base for perfumecontainers.Compare of wall, a wave patternbetweentwo horizontallines; Storage,Layer XIII-fragment of anothersimilar vessel. For an uninventoriedfragment of a similar on base, wave pattern. in Layer XII, see p. 116. Storage, Layer XIII-base fragment of fabric unguentarium similarto that of P 21609 and markedwith the same COARSE HOUSEHOLD WARES incised wave pattern.
M 366. JUG, GOUGEDDECORATION. P1. 83. M 370. JUG, TREFOIL MOUTH. P1. 34.

P 9664. P.H. 0.212; D. 0.175. Handle,most of neck and part of body missing; partly restored. Yellowishbuff clay, self-slip. Almost globularbody on ring foot. Short, narrow neck markedby a sharp,horizontalridgejust below the preservedtop. Gougeddecoration:on shoulder, obliquelines. Inciseddecoration:wave patternabout the neck, above and below the ridge; wave pattern below the gouged ornament.
"LEKYTHOS." M 367. GLAZED

P 9650. H. 0.247; D. 0.192. Intact. Brownishbuff clay with grits. Jug with flat base, wide neck and evertedlip; two slight indentations of the lip near the front create a trefoilmouth. Singlehandlewith centralrib. Faint aroundbody and neck. Compare M 322. wheel-ridging XIII-another almost identiStorage,Layer jug, cal.
M 371. JUG, SPIRALGROOVING. P1. 84.

P1. 34.

P 9647. H. 0.141; D. 0.072. Intact. Hard, buff clay with grits; dull, red glaze (partial). Piriform body on stem foot; flat base. Narrow neck and high, flaring lip. Groove at base of neck. Incised decoration:just below neck, wave pattern with a horizontalband of punch marksbeneath. Similar vessels occur in the late 6th century Pls. 34, 58. osteothekein Sophroniskos Street (pp.84, 121);com- M 372. STORAGE AMPHORA, DIPINTO. P 9660. H. 0.467; D. 0.148. Almost complete; pare also a "lekythos" of unknown provenancein Museum(no. 1898). restored. Vienna, Kunsthistorisches Buff clay with some mica, self-slip;mastic. Storage, Layer XIII-lip fragment of a similar Almost cylindrical body; rounded base. Short vessel, markedwith multiple,incised wave patterns.

P 9663. H. 0.402; D. 0.293. Almost complete; restored. Brownishbuff clay with grits, yellowish buff slip. Ovoidbody narrowing to false ring foot; moulded base. Wide, wheel-ridged neck with everted lip. Handle oval in section. Spiral grooving on the shoulder.Compare L 49 and M 226. Storage,Layer XIII-fragments of a similarjug.

GROUP M

119

neck, slightly thickened lip. Body lightly wheelPlump body; base probably moulded (as in P ridged. On the shoulder,inscriptionin black paint; 11296, Deposit G 11:2, 5th century). Wide mouth only the letters Eucan be made out with certainty. with plain, everted lip; top of lip slopes toward interior.Handles oval in section. Pls. 84, 41. M 373. JAR, TWO HANDLES. The fabricof this pot is quite unlike that of earlier P 9662. P.H. 0.542; D. 0.208. Lip and tip of toe cookingware (asM51-52,G112ff.,G192ff.,K 89ff.), hole. which is generally of a more gritty consistency and missing; filling Reddish brown,micaceousclay; mastic. contains particles of mica. The relative infrequency Fusiform, wheel-ridgedbody. Hollow toe which of cookingwaresin GroupM (and in the later Groups originallytaperedalmost to a point. Splayedhandles. in general) is probably explained by the fact that F 65 and other jars cited there. Compare Groups J, L and M are use fillings of wells and as A complete specimen of a two-handledjar with such were more likely to contain water jars than broken kitchen ware, which was generally thrown pointed toe is found in P 12861 (DepositP 18:2-6th onto a dump heap. century-PI. 40). Storage, Layer XIII-fragments of at least three Storage,Layer XII-fragments of a jug as M 322 similarjars. and M 370; fragments of three amphorae probably POT. P1. 84. similarto M 325, M 327, M 329; neck of a jar which M 374. COOKING P 9661. H. rest. 0.228; D. 0.243. Fragmentary; possibly resembled [M 336]; toe fragment of an base missing; restored. amphorasimilarin fabricto M 334 but of apparently with Coarse,gray-blackclay plumpershape. grits.
OBJECTS OTHER THAN POTTERY

PI. 46. M 375. LAMP. L 2875. L. 0.083; W. 0.057; H. 0.025. Intact. Soft, micaceous,buff clay. Rim: relief dots, interrupted at front by tongue pattern radiating from the wick-hole. Discus: small and plain. Handle: solid, without grooves.Base: two concentricgrooves.Perlzweig. Storage,Layer XIII-fragments of a similarlamp. M 376. LAMP. L 2876. L. 0.08; W. 0.05; H. 0.025. Part of body missing; much of discus broken away, probably intentionally,as a means of enlargingthe fillinghole. Soft, friable, orange-buff clay. As M 375, with the addition of two small groups of concentriccirclepatternson the rim, at either side of the handle. Perlzweig.

M 379. LAMP.

P1. 46.

L 2878. P.L. 0.071; W. 0.053; H. 0.029. Tip of nozzle missing. Soft, orange-buff clay with grits. Rim: wave line with dots (debasedvine pattern). Discus: cross, decoratedwith small concentriccircle patterns.Handle: solid, without grooves.Base: relief ring (resting surface), from which there radiate toward the rim three pairs of relief lines. Perlzweig.
M 380. LAMP. missing.

P1.46. H. 0.022. L 2879. P.L. 0.077; W. 0.056; Handle

M 377. LAMP. L 2874. P.L. 0.076; W. 0.059; H. 0.031. Part of nozzle and body missing. PI. 46. Soft, orange-buffclay; dull, reddish glaze, much M 381. LAMP. L 2882.Max.dim. 0.062.Fragmentof rimanddiscus. worn. As M 375. Perlzweig. clay; red glaze (?). Orange-buff Rim: debasedwreath pattern (?); short, straight PI. 46. lines adjacent to handle. Discus: leaf pattern (?) M 378. LAMP. L 2877. W. 0.059; H. 0.029. Nozzle and part of within a circle of dots. Perlzweig. rim and discus missing.
Orange-buff clay. Rim: indistinct pattern, possibly a debased form of the vine pattern which occurs on M 283. Discus: plain. Handle: solid, grooved above only. Base: plain. Perlzweig.

Hard, buff clay; thick fabric; dull, red glaze (partial). Rim: herringbonepattern (the short strokes of the innerside of the patternreplacedby dots). Discus: dots enclosed by relief lines in a diamond pattern. Base: oval relief ring (resting surface), from which a reliefline extendstowardhandle.Perlzweig.

M382.LAMP.

L 2881. Max. dim. 0.06. Fragment of rim and discus. Pinkish, micaceousclay; dull, red glaze. As M 381. Perlzweig.

120

THE ATHENIAN AGORA: POTTERY OF THE ROMAN PERIOD

P1. 46.

Watch-shapedbody. Rim: much worn ovule patat sides; tongue pattern radiating from wicktern L 2883. W. 0.075; H. 0.027. About half missing, hole discus.Discus:large andplain, separated toward includingnozzle and handle. from rim Pinkish clay; dull, red glaze. by a high circular ridge. Exceptionally solid handle markedby seven grooves.Base: All the relief decorationmuch worn. Rim: wave broad, oval relief lines anc dots. Discus: cross (?). Base concave.Perlring (restingsurface)from which grooves extend up the body on either side of the nozzle; zweig. between base and handle, three tongue patterns in P1. 46. relief. This lamp is perhaps an imitation of earlier M 384. LAMP. L 2880. P.L. 0.087; W. 0.05; H. 0.029. Tip of types such as F 98 and G 4; the tongue pattern adnozzle missing. jacent to the wick-holeis, however,quite similarto that of M 376-377. Perlzweig. Gray-buff clay; dull, brownishblack glaze.
M 383. LAMP. LAYER
M 385. GLAZED PLATE FRAGMENT.

XIV (9TH AND 10TH CENTURIES)

Clay as M 385. P 22022. P.H. 0.03; D. foot 0.11. Single fragment Plumpbody with roundedbase. Plain neck and lip. Broad strap handles. preservesfoot and center of floor. Coarse,reddishclay with grits and mica particles; P1.46. M 390. LAMP STAND. vitreous glaze on interior. green to yellow-brown, From a plate on ring foot; concentricridges on L 4862. P.H. 0.093; Max. P. dim. at base 0.073. the floor. Singlefragmentpreservesthe lowerpart of the stem. Clayas M 385; a few dropsof darkbrown,vitreous P1. 34. M 386. JUG. near the base (the lamp properwas doubtless glaze P 9411. H. 0.127; D. 0.138. Complete. glazed). Clayas M 386. The exteriorblackenedby fire. Hollow, conical stem; at the bottom the profile Plumpjug with flat base. Low, verticallip. Groove curves out and up into a cup-like base; trace of around exterior of lip and three around shoulder lowerhandleattachmenton the stem. Twohorizontal at t.a.h. ridges about the stem. Storage, Layer XIV-fragments of three similar CompareHesperia,VII, 1938, p. 449, A 58; also jugs; two were apparentlyof largersize. A 80, D 3 and E 1 in same article.
M 387. JUG. P1. 84. Pls. 34, 58. P 22021. P.H. 0.212; D. 0.159. Fragmentary;lip M 391. AMPHORA FRAGMENT, GRAFFITI. missing; partly restored. P 9654. P.H. 0.195; Max. P.D. 0.295. Mostof neck Clay as M 385. and shoulderpreserved;partly restored. Jug with flat base; neck marked by horizontal Pale buff, micaceousclay; self-slip. ridges. Grooves around body at lower handle atFrom a wheel-ridged amphorawith convex shoultachment. everted der, narrow neck, lip; two strap handles. two unintelligible graffiti.The fabric P1. 34. At base of neck, M 388. AMPHORA. of unlike those and shape,quite Byzantineamphorae, P 9655. H. 0.295; D. 0.225. Complete. that this pieceis an intrusioninto Layer XIV suggest Clay as M 386. and that it representsa Roman amphoraof the late body with roundedbase. 3rd or 4th Plump,almostcylindrical century. Groovearound the neck below the plain lip. Broad strap handles. Three inventoried objects from Layer XIV are exStorage, Layer XIV-fragments of at least three cluded from this list as they are not contemporary similaramphorae. with the filling: a Knidianstampedamphorahandle P1. 34. (SS 7213), a marble statuette of the Motherof the M 389. AMPHORA. P 22020. P.H. 0.375; D. 0.326. One handle and Gods (S 863), a fragmentaryinscriptionon Pentelic marble(I 4656). most of neck missing; restored.

GROUP N
EARLY 7TH CENTURY GroupN constitutesthe pottery and other objectsfoundin Deposit P 21:1, an osteotheke locatedon the northeastslopesof the Areopagus. In clearingthe 6th centurydestruction debris withinthe limits of anill-preserved a rectangular late Romanbuilding,the excavator discovered1 chamber(approximately 2.40 m. E-W by 1.80 m. N-S) of whichthe southwall was formedby a substantialretainingwall of conglomerate this had masonrybuilt againstthe risingbedrock;2 formedthe south wall also of the late Roman building.The other walls of the chamberwere built up of blocksof conglomerate and breccia,togetherwith tiles, set in lime mortar;the west wall, whichextendsnorthbeyondthe northwall of the chamber, may, like the southwall, be a part of the Roman building,utilized by the buildersof the osteotheke.The four walls are on bedrockand have a maximumpreserved constructed height of 1.10 m. Withinthe chamber the upperfill (0.05m. deep)containedlargequantitiesof brokentile, presumably derivingfrom the destructionof the roof of the osteotheke,and a bronzecoin of Heraclius(A.D. 610-641).3 Belowthis lay a deposit,about 0.50 m. deep, consistinglargelyof bone fragmentsand crushed bone, plus the pottery and other objectslisted belowas N 1-15. Eight skullscouldbe counted, but the quantityof skeletaldebrissuggeststhat manymorethaneightbodieswerehereinterred.4 Below the buriallayer was a deposit, about 0.50 m. deep, of sandy fill containingbrokentile and extendingdownto bedrock;this layerproduced only a few fragmentsof pottery,probably of the 6th century and includingthe stampedlid, N 16. The intermentsin the osteothekehad obviouslybeen disturbed,if by no hunman hands at least by the collapse of the roof, and the disintegration of the major part of each skeleton rendered exact observations as to the directionof the bodies5 and the relationship of impossible the pottery, glass and bronzeobjects to them. The uniformityin the eleven jugs, both as to
shape and to fabric, makes it unlikely that any great period of time elapsed between the first and the final interment. The presence of a dated coin in the fill above the bodies suggests the first half of the 7th century as the terminus ante quem for the burials. It is true that the coin

might have foundits way into the upperfillingat a date long after the reignof Heraclius;but in Sophroniskos Street (see above, p. 84) indicates the proprietyof acceptingthe Heraclius bronzeat its archaeological face value. The vasesfromSophroniskos (if not numismatic) Street, similar in to although many respects those from GroupN, reveal a greaterdiversityof shape,
and there are amon them eg two vessels with ring foot ind two with simple decoration in the form of gouging or deep grooving; such decoration is absent from the jugs of Group N. It is likely that the Sophroniskos Street osteotheke was closed at the beginning of the 7th century, comparison of the pottery in Group N with that from the more accurately datable osteotheke

at a slightly earlierdate than the Agoraosteotheke(GroupN).

3 As W. Wroth,

1 The depositwas excavatedon May 9-10, 1938. 2 At this point the wall had been rebuiltwith somerubbleand with lime mortar.
Catalogueof the Imperial Byzantine Coins in the British Museum, London, 1908, I, p. 205, no. 163, pl. XXIV,

6; Thompson, Coins,no. 1807b. 4 It is quitepossiblethat one of twelve burials jug was depositedwith eachburial;this wouldindicatea minimum (N 1-11 and an uninventoried, fragmentary jug). b It was noted, however, that the skullsseemedto lie towardthe west and the legs towardthe east.

122

THE ATHENIAN AGORA: POTTERY OF THE ROMAN PERIOD

P1. 85.
N 9.
JUG, TREFOIL MOUTH.

N 1. Juo, ROUNDMOUTH.

P1. 35.

P 12738. H. 0.12; D. 0.09. Front of lip missing; P 12780. H. 0.19; D. 0.1838. Part of lip missing; restored. restored. Hard, reddishto reddishbuff clay with grits; the Hard, reddish clay with grits, fired reddish buff surfacehas a tendency to flake, as in N 8. at surface. Similarto N 8, but the body is more globularand Jug with flat base, high neck, slightly flaring lip and presumablyroundmouth (asN 2). Strap handle. the base smaller. P1. 85. N 2. JUG, ROUND MOUTH. P1. 35. N 10. JUG. P H. D. 12789. 0.09. Most of lip and part 0.119; P 12781. H. 0.176; D. 0.146. Part of lip missing; of neck missing;restoredwith roundmouth. restored. Hard, buff to pinkishbuffclay with grits; self-slip. Hard, reddishto brick-redclay with grits. Jug with flat base, flaring neck and plain lip. Similar to N 1 but plumper;the handle, grooved handle. The proportionof neck to body suglongitudinally, is attached at the lip rather than Strap this jug had a roundmouth, as N 2, rather that gests belowit; at the top of the handle,adjacentto the lip, than trefoil mouth, as N 6-9. a small piece of clay to serve as a thumb-rest. N 11. JUG, ROUND MOUTH. P1. 35. N 3. JUG. P1. 85. P 12740. H. 0.119; D. 0.095. Part of lip and neck P 12782. H. 0.175; D. 0.189. Half of lip and part missing;restored. of body missing; restored. Hard, coarse,dark reddishclay with grits. Clayand shapeas N 2. Restoredwith roundmouth Jug with flat base, rather narrowneck, plain lip, as N 2. roundmouth; strap handle. N 4. JUG. P1. 85. N 12. GLASs BOTTLE FRAGMENT. P1. 54. P 12788. P.H. 0.144; D. 0.14. Handle, lip and G180.P.H. 0.102; D. lip0.086.Lip,neckand part of most of neck missing. shoulderpreserved.Thin,bluishgreen,translucent glass. From a sloping shoulderrises a tall, narrowneck Hard, reddish clay (finertexture than in N 1-2); buff slip. with plain, flaringlip. Shape as N 2, as far as preserved,but the neck N 13. BRONZE EARRING. P1. 53. is less wide. B 567. D. 0.088. Complete. A plain, thin circlet of bronze terminatingat one N 5. JUG. in a small loop which serves as a catch for the end P 12784. P.H. 0.114; D. 0.187. Neck and hande other end. missing. Hard, coarse,reddishclay with grits. N 14. BRONZEEARRING. Shape as N 4, as far as preserved. B 568. D. 0.028. The two ends of the circlet are broken away. MOUTH. N 6. JUG, TREFOIL P1. 85. As N 13, but the circlet is marked off into four P 12785. H. 0.17; D. 0.136. Intact. segments by thickened bands encirclingit at three Hard, purplishbrownclay with grits. points. Jug with flat base; neck narrowerthan in N 1-3; slightly everted lip, trefoil mouth; two groovesjust N 15. PAIR OF BRONZE EARRINGS. B 569. D. est. 0.029 and 0.08. Both rings are below lip; handle with thumb-rest,as N 2. broken;the ends in each case are missing. N 7. JUG, TRBFOIL MOUTH. P1. 85. Similarto N 13. P 12786.H. 0.168; D. 0.128. Intact. P1. 86. Coarse,gritty, reddish clay, fired buff at surface N 16. LID FRAGMENT, STAMPED HANDLE. SS 8048. Max. dim. 0.188; Th. lid 0.015. Small on one side. Similarto N 6, but there is a slight angularityat fragment of a flat lid, broken all around, with a the shoulder, and the handle, marked by a longi- heavy, archedhandle set on top. Hard, coarse, reddish buff clay with large grits. tudinal ridge, rises above the lip. At either end of the archedhandle,impressions of N 8. JUG, TREFOIL MOUTH. P1. 85. the potter's fingers; across the top of the handle, a P 12787. H. 0.125; D. 0.096. Intact. stamp,possibly incompleteat right, the letters retCoarse,reddishclay, softer than that of the other rogradeand -in relief: ]irlupos. N 16 is from the filling immediately below that jugs in GroupN and exhibiting a tendency to flake at the surface. which contained the bones and the objects N 1-15; Jug with flat base, narrowneck, slightly everted in the same lower filling were found fragments(unlip and trefoil mouth; strap handle. inventoried)of an amphorasimilarto M 329-31.

INDEX OF ROMAN DEPOSITS

In the preliminarypublicationsof the Agora Excavations locations have been indicated by referenceto the individual grids which had been applied to the fifty-seven sections into which the area was divided for purposesof excavation.'Each of these many sectionshad been treated as a unit in charge of an individual excavator, with its own set of field notebooksand inventory of objects found. Inasmuchas the only feasible region, it appearedimpracticalin the beginningto co-ordinatethe many section grids into one. Now, however, virtually the whole area has been openedup and it has been possibleto apply to it the grid of the plan of the city of Athens which is included in the national topographicalsurvey. For conveniencein reference, that part of the grid covering the Agora and its environs has been divided into squaresmeasuringtwenty meters to the side; these squareshave been designatedarbitrarilyby means of letters runningfrom west to east and by numbersfrom north to south (P1.76). Within the 750 grid-squares thus constituted have been a henceforth each receive found over 1200 "deposits" will ;2 deposit designationconsistingof its grid location a serial numeral which will serve to distinguish between several symbol (letter-numbercombination)plus It within the same is to grid-square.3 planned publishultimatelya catalogueof the designations depositslying of all depositsexcavatedin the Agora.Herewithis presenteda preliminary list of seventy-five deposits (those to which referenceis made in the presentvolume) with an approximateindicationof the chronological range of the materialfound in each. A partiallist of Agora deposits has alreadybeen publishedin connectionwith the Greeklamps (Howland, Lamps, pp. 234-245). Further study has in certain cases provided modificationin the dates previously cited; other changesmay be expected as the researchfor future volumes of the series clarifiesour understanding of the deposits. In this list the term "use filling"is employedto describematerialwhich found its way into a deposit as a result of normaluse of well or cistern as a sourceof water supply. "Dumpedfilling"refersto debristhrown into well, cistern or other deposit in orderto close it after its naturaluse had come to an end. Use fillings generally contain large numbersof nearly complete vessels, predominantlythose which had been designed for or adapted to use as water jars; brokenhouseholdpottery, throwninto the well- or cistern-mouth instead of onto a more distant refuse heap, occurs in smaller quantities. The pottery from use fillings may represent an accumulationover several centuries (as GroupM). Carefulexcavation of a narrowwell shaft can reveal a "stratified"use filling which is of value in determiningthe relative chronologyof the objects concerned;the great diameterof most cisterns,however,and the tendency of materialwhich falls into them to cistern use fillings. Dumped fillings generally consist of material from a public dump or from the debris of ruined buildings; such filling cannot provide evidence of stratification;further, the pottery from dumps is generallyof a very fragmentarynature and may representan accumulationof several generations.Dumped fillings,however, are more likely to contain a large proportionof fine wares than are use fillings.
1 Hsperia, II, 1933, pp. l0f. 2 Theterm"deposit" is hereused to referto any physicalunit (well,cistern,grave,pit, etc.) in whichthe recovered finds to be of valuein the study of type, style and/orchronology. presentsufficienthomogeneity 8 So, for example,the well depositpublished in Hesperia, to as well at 113/AA XVIII, 1949,pp. 298ff., and therereferred in section Tne, now becomesDepositB 15:1. create a conical mass over the floor, makes it extremely difficult to obtain a detailed "stratification" for boundaries of the sections were the irregular modern streets and alleys which threaded the thickly built-up

124
GRID GBID
RBEFERNCB

THE ATHENIAN AGORA: POTTERY OF THE ROMAN PERIOD

NATURE OF DEPOSIT CHRONOLOGY

A 14:1

well well

Use fillings of 2nd cent. B.C., 1st and 4th cents. after Christ;dumpedfillingof late 4th cent. Use filling of second half of 1st cent. B.C. to first half of 3rd cent. after Christ; dumped filling of 4th cent. Dumped fillings of 3rd cent. B.C. and of firsthalf of 1st cent. after Christ. Use filling of late 1st to early 3rd cent.; dumped filling of 4th (and 5th?) cent. Use fillingof middleof 1st cent. to 3rd cent. (before 267); dumpedfilling of 5th cent. Use filling of late 1st to late 2nd cent.; dumped fillingof 4th cent. Dumpedfillingof secondhalf of 1st cent. Use filling of second half of 1st to middle of 2nd cent.; dumpedfillingof early Byzantine times. Dumpedfillings of second half of 1st to early 2nd cent. and of 5th to 6th cent. Dumpedfilling of first half of 2nd cent. Dumped filling of second half of 4th cent. GroupJ. Use filling of middle of 2nd to early 3rd cent. Use fillingof late 3rd to 5th cent.; dumpedfillingof 5th or 6th cent. Use filling of second half of 1st to early 3rd cent. Late 2nd cent. B.C. Use filling of early 2nd to middle of 8rd cent.; dumpedfillings of late 3rd and 5th (?) cents. G. Use fillingof early 1st cent. B.C.; dumped Group fillings of first half of 1st cent. after Christ and of late 1st to early 2nd cent. Dumped filling of second half of 5th to early 6th cent. Dumped filling of late 1st cent. B.C. to middle of 1st cent. after Christ. Use fillings of first half of 1st to early 2nd cent. and of late 2nd to middle of 8rd cent.; dumped fillingsof late 3rd to middle of 4th and of 5th and 6th cents. Use filling of late 6th and 7th cents.; dumped filling of Turkishtimes. Filling of late 6th and early 5th cents. B.C. (fallen in from an adjacent well shaft); shallowuse filling of 2nd cent. after Christ: use filling of 6th cent.

B 12:1

B 18:1 B 18:2 B 14:1 B 14:2

cistern well well well cistern well cistern pit well well well well fill beneath Roman Bath well cistern

B 14:8
B 20:1 B 21:1

C9:1 C10:3 C 12:1

C 18:1 C 18:2

C 18:3
C 20:1

D4:1

D6:1 D 11:1
D 12:1

cistern well well

D 14:1

well well

D 15:2

INDEX OF ROMAN DEPOSITS

GRID REFERENCE NATURE OF DEPOSIT OHRONOLOGY

125

D 17:1 E 5:1 E 11:1 E 11:2 E 14:1

well

Use filling of late 1st and early 2nd cents.; debris of late 2nd cent. Dumped filling of late 4th and 5th (?) cents. Filling eliminated by digging of E 11:2. Use fillings of first half of 1st cent. and of 4th to early 5th cent. Use filling of late 4th and early 8rd cents. B.C.; accumulativefillings of late 3rd to early 2nd cent. and late 1st cent. B.C.; dumpedfillingof 3rd cent. after Christ. Use filling of 1st cent.; dumpedfillingsof 8rd cent. and of early Byzantine times. Construction in 1st (?) cent.; dumpedfillingsof 4th and 5th cents. Dumped filling of 1st and early 2nd cents. Use filling of 4th cent. GroupL. Use filling of late 3rd and 4th cents.; dumpedfilling of early 5th cent. Used from early 3rd to late 2nd cent. B.C. Use filling of late 2nd to early 6th cent. Use fillings of late 1st to middleof 3rd cent. and of 4th and 5th cents. Use filling of late 1st to early 3rd cent.; dumped filling of middle of 3rd cent. Use fillings of 3rd cent. (before267) and of 11th to 12th cent. Use filling of second half of 1st to 3rd cent. (before 267); dumpedfilling of late 8rd and 4th cents. Use fillings of late 1st to early 2nd cent., 4th to early 5th cent., Ilth cent. Group M. Use filling of middle of 1st to late 6th cent.; dumpedfilling of 9th and 10th cents. Construction early 1st cent. B.C.; use filling of 2nd cent. after Christ. Dumpedfilling of first half of 2nd cent. Use filling of end of 2nd cent. B.C.; dumpedfilling of first quarterof 1st cent. B.C.; dumpedfilling of 3rd cent. after Christ. Dumpedfillingof late 3rd and possiblyof early 2nd cents. B.C. Use fillingsof 5th cent. and of early Byzantine and Turkishtimes; dumpedfilling of Turkishtimes.

cistern cistern well dug through cistern E 11:1 cistern

E 14:2 E 15:1 F 11:1 F 15:1 F 19:1 G 11:1 G 11:2 I 16:1 J 12:1 J 18:1 J 18:2 K 18:1 M 17:1

well well well well well

cistern

well dug through cistern G 11:1

well

well
well

well well
well

M 18:1
M 19:1 M 20:1

well cistern
cistern

M 21:1 N 18:1

cistern well

126
GRID REFERENCE

THE ATHENIAN AGORA: POTTERY OF THE ROMAN PERIOD

NATURE OF DEPOSIT CHRONOLOGY

N 17:1 N 17:2 N 18:1 N 18:5 N 19:1

well well cistern well dug through cistern N 18:1 cistern

Use fillings of middle of 3rd cent., 4th and 5th cents., early Byzantine times. Use filling of middle of 1st to middle(possiblyend) of 2nd cent. Probably constructed in 3rd cent. B.C.; filling eliminatedby constructionof well N 18:5. Dumpedfillingof 4th cent. FDumped filling of late 2nd cent. B.C.; Group cent. of to end of second 1st dumpedfilling quarter B.C. Use fillingof middle of 1st to first half of 2nd cent.; dumpedfilling of 6th cent. Use filling of first half of 1st cent.; dumpedfilling of late 1st cent.(?). Cistern filling eliminated by construction of well N 20:3; amphoraeof secondhalf of 1st cent. placed in gaps betweenwell tiles and originalcisternwalls. in late 1st cent. Use filling of 3rd cent. Constructed (before 267); use (?) filling of 4th cent.; dumped fillingof 6th or 7th cent. Use fillingof late 2nd andearly1st cents.B.C. (before 86); dumped filling of second quarterof 1st cent. B.C. Use filling of first half of 1st to early 3rd cent.; dumpedfilling of 4th cent. Use filling of early 1st to 5th cent.; dumpedfilling of 6th cent. Dumpedfillingof secondto finalquarterof 1st cent. Use filling of 4th to 6th cent.; dumped filling of early Byzantine times. Use filling of early 4th to 6th cent. GroupH. First half of 2nd cent. Use fillingsof 1st cent. and of 5th to 6th cent. Use fillings of first half of 3rd cent. and of 4th to 6th cent.; dumpedfilling of 6th cent. Use fillingof late 1st (?) and of early3rd to 6th cent. GroupN. Burials of early 7th cent. Dumpedfilling of early 1st cent.

N 19:2 N 20:1 N 20:2

well well cistern

N 20:3

well dug through cistern N 20:2 cistern

N 20:4

N 20:5 N 21:1 0 17:1 0 18:1

0 19:1

well well cistern well well buildingfill of circularbuilding

well

P 8: P 18:1 P 18:2
P 19:1

well well osteotheke meansof accessto water underground channel

shaft serving as

P 21:1 Q 18:1

INDEX OF ROMAN DEPOSITS

GRID REFERENCE NATURE OFONOOGY DEPOSIT CHRONOLOGY

127

Q 15:1 Q 17:4 R 10:1 R 18:1 R 19:1 R 21:1 S 19:1 S 21:1 S 21:8

collectingbasin and drain well well well well well well well well

GroupK. Dumped filling of middle of 8rd cent. Use fillingsof early 1st to 6th cent. and of 8th cent. Dumped filling of early 1st cent. Dumped fillings of late 5th cent. B.C. and of late 1st cent. B.C. to middle of 1st cent. after Christ. Dumped filling of 1st cent. Use filling of late 2nd to middle of 8rd cent.; dumped filling of 4th cent. Use filling of middle of 3rd cent. Dumped filling of late 1st cent. B.C. and early 1st cent. after Christ. Use fillingof firsthalf of 1st to first half of 3rdcent.; dumpedfilling of post-Heruliandate.

)RDANCE OF CONCC INVENTORY AND CATALOGUE NUMBERS

POTTERY
Inv. No. P 762 822 1956 2255 2266 2273 2274 2275 2276 2277 2278 2279 2420 2421 2422 2423 2424 2425 3059 3060 3061 3062 3063 3064 3065 3066 3067 3068 3069 3070 3071 3072
8098

GroupNo. cf. M 4 cf. [K 113] cf. F 50 [J 45] cf. M 162 K 2 K 21 K 55 K 99 K 102 K 82 K 39 K 83 K 92 K 81 K 75 K 72 K 17 K 1 K 3 K 37 K 36 K 9 K 16 K 13 K 15 K 18 K 48 K 51 K 106 K 59 K 68 K 42 K 80 K 31 K 29 K 19 K 24 K 20 K 28 K 25 K 22 K 27

Inv. No. P 8104 3105 3106 8107 3108 8109 3110 3111 3112 3113 3114 4129 4201 4503 4592 4624 5313 5626 6340 6451 6589 6915 7307 7531 7532 7533 7584 7535 7536 7587 7538 7578
7579

GroupNo. K 109 K 110 K 108 K 79 K 78 K 80 K 89 K 90 K 100 K 97 K 103 cf. M 272 [M 13] cf. G 101, J 40 cf. K 22, L 25 cf. L 25 cf. G 102 [M 311] cf. F 79 cf. L 25 cf. H 3 cf. F 29 [M J J J J J J J J J
J

5] 19 22 20 21 10 12 13 11 2
3

3094 3095 3096 3097 3098

3099 3100

3101 3102 8108

7580 7581 7583 7668 7671 7678 7864 7969 7971 7974

J 1 J 4 J 5 [K 114] [J 46] J 88 [M 217] cf. F 62 cf. F 76 cf. F 84

CONCORDANCEOF INVENTORY AND CATALOGUENUMBERS

Inv. No. P 8154 8319 8320 8321 8322 8323 8324 8325 8326 8327 8328 8329 8330 8331 8332 8333 8334 8335 8336 8337 8338 8339 8340 8341 8342 8480 8481 8482 8487 8488 8489 8490 8491 8492 8493 8494 8495 8496 8497 8498 8499 8500 8501 8502 8503 8504 8505 8506 8507 8508 8509 8510 8511 8512 8513 8514
9

129

GroupNo. [H 13] J 31 J 29 J 28 J 33 J 37 J 34 J 43 J 32 J 53 J 58 J 54 J 48 J 49 J 41 J 44 J 50 J 51 J 40 J 47 J 55 J 56 J 39 J 52 J 30 cf. F 50 cf. F 50 cf. F 50 [G 99] K 69 K 70 K 61 K 54 K 52 K 47 K 46 K 26 K 28 K 43 K 44 K 5 K 6 K 7 K 12 K 14 K 45 K 49 K 35 K 62 K 68 K 65 K 64 K 84 K 105 K 104 K 98

Inv. No. P 8515 8516 8517 8518 8519 8651 8654 8656 8762 8790 8902 8903 8904 8905 8906 8907 8908 8909 8910 8911 8912 8913 8914 8915 8934 8935 8936 8937 8938 8939 8940 8941 8942 8943 8948 9034 9069 9084 9139 9171 9288 9402 9411 9530 9540 9626 9627 (+9988) 9628 (+9989) 9629 9647 9648 9649 9650 9651 9652

GroupNo. K 95 K 96 K 71 K 74 K 85 cf. M 290 [M 353] cf. M 289 cf. L 26 F 49 F 59 F 67 F 30 F 36 F 39 F 40 F 53 F 7 F 9 F 10 F 8 F 11 F 14 F 25 F 21 F 22 F 20 F 23 F 91 F 56 F 55 F 75 F 12 F 74 F 47 F 13 F 17 F 50 cf. F 71 cf. G 72 F 45 [K 67] M 386 F 57 F 33 G 213 G 34 G 76 G 214 M 367 M 369 M 354 M 370 M 357 M 360

130 Inv. No. P9658 9654 9655 9656 9657 9658 9659 9660 9661 9662 9668 9664 9665 9670 9694 9697 9784 9785 9786 9787 9788 9789 9790 9791 9792 9793 9794 9795 9796 9797 9798 9799 9800 9802 9803 9804 9805 9806 9807 9808 9814 9815 9842 9843 9844 9845 9846 9847 9848 9850 9851 9852 9853 9854 9855 9856

THE ATHENIAN AGORA: POTTERY OF THE ROMAN PERIOD GroupNo. M 362 M 391 M 388
M 349

M 350 M 351 M 852 M 372 M 374 M 373 M 371 M 366 M 358 F 92 G 183 G 182 M 324 M 321 M 322 M 325 M 330 M 292 M 301 M 303 M 277 M 282 M 279 M 269 M 267 M 280 M 268 M 275 M 256 M 210 M 209 M 212 M 231 M 230 M 226 M 233 F 48 cf.F 24 G 95 G 85 G 45 G 102 G 33 G 97 G 48 G 37 G 36 G 38 G 71 G 66 G 21 G 22

Inv. No. P 9857 9858 9859 9860 9861 9862 9863 9864 9865 9866 9867 9868 9869 9870 9871 9874 9881 9882 9883 9884 9885 9886 9887 9888 9890 9891 9892 9893 9894 9895 9896
9897 9898

9899 9900 9901 9902 9903 9904

9905 9906 9907 9908 9909 9910

9911 9912 9913 9914

9915 9916 9917 9918 9919

GroupNo. G 24 G 61 G 29 G 30 G 25 G 58 G 57 G 31 G 32 G 19 G 53 G 14 G 75 G 47 G 27 [M 312] M 232 M 237 M 227 M 215 M 239 M 214 M 223 M 228 M 147 M 139 M 190 M 191 M 192 M 196 M 195 M 199 M 197 M 171 M 175 M 178 M 169 M 145 M 149 M 148 M 172 M 170 M 177 M 160 M 156 M 146 M 154 M 161 M 162 M 122 M 117 M 116 M 118 M 123
M 71

9920 9921

M 115

CONCORDANCEOF INVENTORY AND CATALOGUE NUMBERS Inv. No.

P 9922 9923 9924 9926 9987 (9988+) 9627 (9989+) 9628 9990 9991 10004 10005 10037 10038 10039 10040 10041 10042 10043 10044 10045 10046 10047 10048 10049 10050 10051 10052 10053 10054 10055 10056 10057 10058 10059 10060 10061 10164 10165 10170 10240 10351 10460 10563 10564 10714 10715 10759 11137 11138 11158 11165 11186 11217 11259
9*

181

No. Group
M104 M 75 M 72 cf. G 184 G 49 G 34 G 76 G 44 G 35 cf. p. 53, note 11 cf. L 24, M 215 M 99 M 77 M 97 M 94 M 100 M 96 M 76 M 73 M 74 M 92 M 80 M 102 M 39 M 47 M 35 M 41 M 50 M 31 M 33 M 34 M 36 M 2 M 1 M 6 M 7 G 1 G 2 G 172 cf. p. 53, note 11 [M 8] cf. G 91 cf. M 363 [M 315] cf. F 45 [G 106] [G 104] [L cf. M cf.L [H cf. L cf. F cf. H 2] 63 29 18] 61 45 10

Inv. No.
P 11296 11315 11461 11462 11463 11464 11465 11466 11467 11468 11469 11470 11471 11472 11473 11474 11475 11476 11477 11478 11479 11480 11481 11482 11483 11484 11485 11486 11487 11488 11489 11490 11491 11492 11493 11494 11495 11496 11497 11498 11499 11500 11501 11502 11503 11504 11505 11506 11507 11508 11509 11510 11511 11512 11513 11514

No. Group
cf. M 374 [M 101] G 184 G 191 G 192 G 178 G 181 G 189 G 177 G 188 G 180 G 186 G 193 G 185 G 176 G 194 G 187 G 199 G 196 G 190 G 179 G 168 G 197 G 195 G 112 G 55 G 84 G 93 G 101 G 107 G 50 G 51 G 67 G 123 G 113 G 115 G 114 G 121 G 56 G 28 G 54 G 74 G 70 G 81 G 80 G 26 G 52 G 87 G 59 G 122 G 116 G 86 G 89 G 65 G 92 G 120

132
Inv. No. P 11515 11516 11517 11518 11519 11520 11521 11522 11523 11524 11547 11548 11549 11550 11551 11552 11553 11554 11555 11556 11557 11558 11559 11560 11561 11562 11563 11564 11565 11566 11567 11568 11569 11570 11571 11572 11573 11574 11575 11576 11577 11578 11579 11580 11581 11582 11583 11584 11585 11586 11587 11588 11589 11590 11591 11592

THE ATHENIAN AGORA: POTTERY OF THE ROMAN PERIOD

Group No. G 68 G 69 G 73 G 77 G 60 G 39 G 9 G 90 G 215 G 216 M 356 M 363 M 355 M 368 M 361 M 337 Inv. No. P 11593 11594 11595 11596 11597 11598 11599 11600 11601 11602 11603 11604 11605 11606 11607 11608 11609 11610 11611 11612 11613 11614 11615 11616 11617 11618 11619 11620 11621 11622 11623 11624 11625 11626 11627 11628 11629 11630 11631 11632 11633 11634 11635 11636 11637 11638 11639 11640 11641 11642 11643 11644 11645 11646 11647 11648 Group No. M 211 M 241 M 213 M 235 M 238 M 224 M 222 M 229 M 193 M 155 M 176 M 158 M 174 M 167 M 140 M 159 M 143 M 173 M 142 M 163 M 144 M 152 M 114 M 125 M 126 M 119 M 63 M 93 M 88 M 89 Mi 67 M 84 M 87 M 83 M 68 M 98 M 91 M 78 M 64 M 61 M 62 M 90 M 86

M 332
M 323 M 334 M 329 M 331 M 327 M 316 M 310 M 314 M 289 M 294 M 299 M 291

M 295
M 305 M 304 Mi307 M 290 M298 M 297 M 271 M 276 M 281 M 266 M 270 M 265 M 273 M 272 M 254 M 278

M 85
M 79 M 103 M 95 M 40 M 52 M 32 M 46 M 45 M 44 M 51 M 42 M 38

M 259
M 255 M 253 M 220 M 216 M 234 M 219 M 242 M 236 M 221

CONCORDANCE OF INVENTORY AND CATALOGUE NUMBERS Inv. No. P 11649 11650 11651 11652 11653 11654 11692 11696 11704 11708 11733 11748 11814 11815 11818 11819 11820 11823 11832 11834 11836 11838 11840 11841
11845

133

GroupNo. M 48
M 43

M M M M cf.M [M [M [M [M cf.F cf.F cf.F F F F F F F

9 10 11 3 94 53] 81] 66] 65] 71 27 27 42 41 38 43 28 34

Inv. No. P 11887 11888 11889 11891 11893 11894 11896 11897 11900 11902 11903 11904 11906 11907 11908 11909 11910 11911 11938 11946 12009 12044 12154 12259 12361 12463 12730 12731 12732 12733 12734 12735 12736 12737 12738 12739 12740 12856 12861 12882 12935 12937 13071 13172 13180 13369 13370 13434 13597 13607 14078 14090 14093

F 26

GroupNo. F 90 F 62 cf. F 62 F 88 F 63 F 64 F 86 F 87 F 78 F 76 F 80 F 83 F 81 F 82 F 85 F 84 F 79 F 89 cf. M 225 [M 70] cf.L 61 cf. G 123 cf.F 55, F58 F 6 [M 54] [M 49] N 1 N 2 N 3 N 4 N 5
N 6

11846 11847 11848 11849 11850 11851 11852

11858

F 27 F 16 cf. p. 12, note 12 F 32 F 29 F 31 F 15 F 35 F 5

F 1

11854 11855 11856 11857 11858 11863 11864 11865 11866 11868 11870 11871 11873 11874 11875 11876 11877 11878 11879 11880 11882 11883 11884

F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F

2 3 4 18 19 24 44 52 51 37 54 58 66 65 69 70 73 71 72 94 95 93 77 60 61

N 7 N 8 N 9 N 10 N 11 cf. M 254 cf. M 373 [K 113] cf. M 214 [M 326] cf. M 162 [M 836] cf. p. 116 cf. [K 73] cf. [K 73] [M 300] [H 17] [K 34]
[K 111]

[M 328] [M 338]

134
Inv. No. P 14115 14122 14265 14481 14619 14678 14839 14855 14920 15279 15280 15291 15814 15819 15398 15399 15400 15402
15403

THE ATHENIAN AGORA: POTTERY OF THE ROMAN PERIOD GroupNo. [K 112] cf. G 116, G 123, p. 69 cf. F 71 cf. F 89 cf. H 3 cf. F 45 cf. M 10 cf. J 30 [K 73] [M 124] cf. G 107 [J 42] [G 105] [G 103] L 50 L 29 L 23 L 37
L 6

Inv. No. P 16357 16358 16359 16360 16361 16362 16363 16364 16865 16485 16717 17015 17049 17052 17105 17143 17148 17529
17530

GroupNo. L 45 L 53 L 52 L 32 L 51 L 60 L 59 L 61 L 63 cf. J 54 cf. F 26 cf. F 26 cf. H 10 cf. H 15 cf. p. 11, note 8 cf. G 179 cf. F 89 cf. M 74
cf. M 74

15404
15405

L
L

7
5

17871 18415 18416 18707 18877 19113 19376 19854 20022 20456 20514 20549 20654 21150 21880 2179 21880 21381 21882 21888 21884 21885 21886 21387 21888 21389 21390 21391 21392 21393 21418 21609

[M 69] [M 113] [M 141] cf. K 52 [G 108] cf. F 58 cf. G 102 cf. H 3 cf. M 162 cf. F 29 F 68 [M 82] K 4 [M 87] f. K 115, pp.100,102 H 5 H 16 H 20 cf. p. 49 H 4 H 9 H 6 H 12 H 11 H 2 H 10 H 31 H 30 H 32 H 33 H 15 [M 865]

15406 15425 15543 15564 15571 15872 16074 16089 16191 16333 16334 16885 16836
16887

L 8 cf. M 31 [M 157] cf. F 89 L 1 of. M 31 cf. M 285 of. G 117 [M 12] L 4 L 3 L 9 L 11

L 22

16888 16889 16840 16841 16842 16848 16844 16845 16846 16847 16848 16349 16350 16351 16852 16353 16354 16855 16856

L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L

24 25 28 27 26 81 80 88 57 56 49 54 55 48 89 88 42 44 43

CONCORDANCE OF INVENTORY AND CATALOGUE NUMBERS

185

Inv. No.
P 21733 21736 21740 21752 21753 21755 21780 21781 21818 21855 21994 21995 21996 21997 21998 21999 22000 22001 22002 22008 22004 22005 22006 22007 22008 22009 22010 22011 22012 22018 22014 22015 22016 22017 22018 22019 22020 22021 22022 22055 22056 22057 22058 22059 22060 22061 22062 22063 22064 22065 22066 22067 22068 22069 22070

No. Group
of. G 79 of. F 28 cf. [M 5] cf. F 63 [G 100] cf. F 60 cf. F 94 cf. F 94 cf. M 174, p. 116 cf. M 225 M 121 M 120 M 165 M 164 M 166 M 168 M 150 M 153 M 151 M 194 M 198 M 218 M 240 M 243 M 257 M 258 M 274 M 293 M 302 M 296 M 4 M 306 M 313 M 320 M 364 M 359 M 389 M 887 M 885 G 217 G 169 G 167 G 166 G 170 G 171 G 175 G 174 G 173 G 198 G 20 G 23 G 16 G 18 G 8 G 10

Inv. No.
P 22071 22072 22073 22074 22075 22076 22077 22078 22079 22080 22081 22082 22083 22084 22085 22086 22087 22088 22089 22090 22091 22092 22093 22094 22095 22096 22097 22098 22099 22100 22254 22369 22370 22371 22372 22373 22374 22375 22876 22377 22378 22379 22380 22881 22382 22383 22884 22385 22386 22387 22388K 22389 22390 22391 22392 22393

No. Group
G 11 G 12 G 18 G 15 G 46 G 41 G 42 G 94 G 62 G 64 G 68 G 78 G 79 G 72 G 117 G 118 G 119 G 82 G 109 G 110 G 124 G 111 G 126 G 43 G 98 G 96 G 88 G 40 G 17 G 88 G 91 K 38 K 101 K 66 K 82 K 8 K 77 K 41 K 119 K 58 K 56 K 91 K 40 K 10 K 50 K 88 K 115 K 93 K 107 K 94 11 K 53 K 57 K 60 K 86 K 87

186
Inv. No. P 22894 22895 22459 22460 22461 22462 22463 22464 22546 22547

THE ATHENIAN AGORA: POTTERY OF THE ROMAN PERIOD GroupNo. K 88 K 120 H 8 H 7 H 1 H 3 H 14 H 19 J 85 J 86 Inv. No I P 22548 22561 li 22562 22563 I 22564 I 22565 )i 22682 28540 28541 GroupNo. J 57 L 10 L 47 L 46 L 41 L 40 F 46 M 225 M 385

OBJECTSOTHERTHANPOTTERY

A 680 652 678 679 680 681 749b 803 804 805 806 807 808 1074 1128 1124 1812
1910

cf. K 141 J 7 K 189 K 140 K 141 cf. p. 72 cf. M 245 G 207 G 206 G 205 G 160 G 161 M 245 of. p. 78, note 2 cf. p. 58, note 2 cf. p. 58, note 2 of. G 205 M 60 cf. p. 58, note 2 of. p. 58, note 2 of. p. 58, note 2 K 148 J 17 M 288 M 28 M 29 M 206 N 13 N 14 N 15 K 149 K 151

B 611 L 716 i 724 735 786 742

)i

K 150 L L L L L 19 20 76 77 21

.1

9 BI 221 23( 28: 1 28S 318 6 344 34' 7 341 8 351 8 9 351 36i 2 (+426) 9 361 37( 37: 37; 42: 4 862 G+) (42( 421 42E 52( 521 L )a 583 583 )b 54( 541 54' 2a 54'2b 541 i 54L 4 I 678

J 25 J 15 J 16 J 8 J 68 G 211 G 208 G 209 G 210 G 7 M 109

Mill M111

1917 1918
1919

M 110 M 26 G 163 G 164 M 109 M 251 M 27 L L L L L L L L L L 35 16 68 69 74 75 70 71 72 73

B 182 826 422 485 486 510 567 568 569 609 610

M 57

CONCORDANCE OF INVENTORY AND CATALOGUE NUMBERS Inv. No. G 78 79 80 111 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 180 226 227 228 812 313 814 815 316 418 419 420 I 4221 4656 IL 368 869 562 563 567 570 571 572 GroupNo. J 69 K 143 K 142 M 56 M 841 M 847 M 848 M 809 M 286 M 250 M 247 M 248 M 249 M 246
M 205

187

Inv. No. IL 684 685 686 687 688 777 L 882 1015 1104 1105 1106 1245 1246 1257 2048 2207 2299 2800 2801 2818 2361 2864 2865 2888 2409 2503 2681 2682 2688 2684 2651 2652 2697 2698 2699 2719 2721 2866 2867 2868 2869 2870

GroupNo. M 264 M 207 M 188 M 189 M 80 L 78 cf. G 149 cf.K 17

K 125 K 129 K 126 K 124 K 128 K 180 cf. L 63 cf. M 203 J 24

J J J J J J J

M 185 M 187 M 186 M 107 M 108 M 106 M 105

M 25

M 24 M 23 N 12 L 67 L 66
L 65

M 842 M 843 M 844 M 845 M 846 H 27 H 26 H 25 cf.p. 72 cf. p. 120 J 18 J 9 M 319 M 263 G 212 M 208 M 187 M 188

23 14 6 64 66 60 62

cf. M 208 cf. J 14 J 63 J 59 J 65 J 61 K 122 K128 F 100 F 97 F 98 F 102 F 101 G 220 G 221 G 219 G 226 G 224

138
Inv. No. L 2871 2874 2875 2876 2877 2878 2879 2880 2881 2882 2883 2893 2912 2913 2914 2915 2980 2981 2982 2983 2934 2935 2947 2948 2949 2950 2951 2952 2953 2954 2955 2956 2957 2958 2962 2963 2964 2965 2966 2967 2968 2969 2970 2971 2972 2978 2974 2975 2976 2977 2978 2979 2980 2981 2982

THE ATHENIAN AGORA: POTTERY OF THE ROMAN PERIOD GroupNo. G 225 M 377 M 875 M 376 M 878 M 379 M 380 M 884 M 882 M 381 M 383 cf. p. 75 M 838 M 317 M 284 M 283 G 154 G 129 G 127 G 134
G G 4 3

Inv. No. L 2983 2996 2997 2998 2999

3000

GroupNo. G 131 M 55 M 20 M 16 M 17 M 19 M 15 M 203 cf. J 14 G 202 G 204 G 203 G 128 M 339 M 201 M 132 M 179 M 18 F 103 F 99 F 104 [K 132] L 34 L 12 L 13 L L L L 14 64 58 62

3001 3005 3104 3201 3202 3203 3204 3209 3210 3211 3212 3213 3222 3223 3225 3346 3879 3880 3881 3923 3953 3992 3993 4027 4144 4150 4217 4691 4795 4796 4862
4876

M 244 M 202 M 200 M 181 M 180 M 183 M 182

M 131

M 130 M 129 M 128 M 127 G 132 G 222 G 223 G 155 G 149 G 144 G 145 G 187 G 186 G 138 G 185 G 141 G 148 G 157 G 143 G 147 G 138 G 142 G 150 G 152 G 130

cf. G 134 cf. M 132 of. G 149 [K 1813 cf. G 4

H 22 H 21 M 390 G 201 cf. p. 38 G 200 G 153 G 151 G 156 G 158

4877a 4877b 4878 4879 4880 4881

CONCORDANCEOF INVENTORY AND CATALOGUENUMBERS Inv. No.

L 4882 4883 4884 4885 4954 4955 MC 852 858 862 868 417 418-425 426 427 603 625 905

189

No. Group
G 146 G 140 G 139 G 159 K 121 K 127 M 840 M 204 M 21 M 22 G 125 G 162 M818 M 285 cf. K 76 L 58a K 76

Inv. No.
SS 7263 7264 7265 7888 7896 7897 7406 8043 9079 9399 11154 ST 152 158 185 219 320 326 505

No. Group
G 218 of. G 218 of. G 218 of. p. 48 of. p. 43 of. p. 43 of. p. 43 N 16 cf. p. 80 cf. p. 76 cf. p. 49 K 146 K 147 M 287 M 252 L 18 L 17 H 29

S 856 891 781 868 894 908 904 1180 1519

K 144 K 145 J 27 cf. p. 120 G 165 M112 M 59 L 86 H 28 T 442 478 484 485 516 1270 1277 1405 1406 1444 of. K 139 K 136 K 187 K 184 of. F89 J 67 K 185 G 227 G 228 G 5

SS 1882 1835
1865 5922 5945 6614 6711 6817

of. p.72 cf. p. 72

K116 cf. p. 53 [M 14] K 118 F 96 K 117

1445 1447
1448 1510 1596 1597 1598 1854 2066 2069

G 6 M 184
M 133 [K 138] M 308 M 134 M 135 cf. M 808 cf. p. 80 cf. p. 80

7213

of. p. 120

2070

cf. p. 80

140
Inv. No. T 2187 3020 8071 3072

THE ATHENIAN AGORA: POTTERY OF THE ROMAN PERIOD

GroupNo. L 15 K 133 H 23 H 24 Inv. No. W3 6 7M 8 13 14 GroupNo. J 26 M 260 136 M 58 M 261 M 262

INDEX
GENERAL INDEX cular building (monopteros), Numbers refer either to catalogued items within 46; Great Drain, 58; Church or to the groups(letter plus numeral) of, 58; monopteros(circular Holy Apostles, pages (numeral building), 46; Panathenaic Way, 58; University only); page references are grouped after catalogue references.The square brackets which enclose some buildings, 3 group numbers in the catalogue (see p. 4) are not Augustus,emperor(27 B.C.-A.D. 14): F 48 indicatedin the indices. Entries which appearin the catalogue under the rubric "Storage" (see p. 8) and M.: F 44 which do not formpart of the descriptionof a specific BAEBIUS, Ballana (Nubia): F 65 catalogueitem are indexed by page numberonly. Bank, savings: L 29 Base: 7 AENEAS:G 202 Basin, collecting: 58-59 Africa, North: 609 Basin: stone, H 29; see also Pottery, Shapes M.Vipsanius:dedicatorof Odeionin Agora,3 Bassus Agrippa, (potter): G 102 Alexandria:G 102, G 159 Bead: glass, M 25 Altar: stone, K 145; terracotta,H 24 Beaker:glass, M 105, M 248; see also Pottery, Shapes AmmianusMarcellinus: 529 Beams: wood, 73 Amphora:glass, M 250; see also Pottery, Shapes Begarawiyah(=Meroe, Nubia): G 102, M 54 Anchises: G 202 Bell: bronze, J 17 Animalhandles: G 102, K 108, M 209-210; 114 Berthouville: G 172 Animals:terracotta, K 138, L 15, M 308 Boeotia: K 19 Antefix: G 205-207, K 141, M 245 Bone, objects of: G 7, G 163-164, G 208-211, J 8, Antioch: 1 J 15-16, J 25, J 68, L 16, L 35, L 68-75, M 26-27, Antonineperiod: 46 M 57, M 109-111, M 251; 11, 94 AntoninusPius, emperor(138-161): 464 Bottle: glass, F 50, M 56 (and97), M 106-108, M 249, 210 Appian: Mithridates, M 347, M 369, N 12; see also Pottery, Shapes Apse: 82 Bowl: bronze, L 76; glass, K 142, L 65, M 23-24, Arcadius,emperor(383-408): 596 M205, M246-247, M 286; marble,K 146-147,L 17; Architectural members:terracotta,G 161, G 205-207, see also Pottery, Shapes J 7, K 139-141, M 245 Brackets: terracotta, K 139-140 Arezzo: G 33 Brazier:bronze, G 123; see also Pottery, Shapes Arikamedu(Pondicherry): F 93-94 Bronze, objects of: F 44, F 65, G 123, J 17, K 148Aristides,Aelius: J 14 L 19-21, L 76-77, M 28-29, M 206, M 208, 151, Asklepios: J 14 M 288, N 13-15; 11, 90, 101 Athena: L 63 Bucket: 90; bronze, L 19, M 28 (and90), M 208, 80, Athens: Academy, 316; Acropolis, 3; Agora, see 101; lead, J 9 (and 518),J 18, M 137, M 208, M 263, Athens, Agora; Areopagus,3, 73, 121; Aristeides 80, 101; wood, M 260-262 Street, excavationsin, 118;city walls, 3; Hephais- Bust: L 63, M338; marble,K 144 (and59); terracotta, teion, 22, 50; Hephaisteiongarden,G 111; KerameiG 227 kos, J 30, M 209, 1, 3, 387,5311;KolonosAgoraios, 50; Late Roman Fortification, 3, 50, 58-59, 84; Library of Hadrian, 316;osteotheke onSophronis- CAMURIUS (potter): G 37 kos Street, M 867, 84,121; Pnyx, 3; potters' quarter, Canus(potter): G 102 2; sack by Heruli,3, 6, 59, 83; sack by Sulla,2, 103; Capua:G 102 schools, 3; Slavic invasion, 84; Telesphoros,wor- Carmona(Baetica): F 65 Casks:wine, M 260 ship of, J 14 Athens,Agora:v, 1, 3, 58, 123; Agrippa,Odeionof, 3; Cataloguenumbers:4; bracketednumbers,27,4 Attalos, Stoa of, 46; Byzantine building, 22; cir- Cato,M. Porcius:De Agri Cultura,82

142

INDEX
C 18:2-M 113, M 141 C 18:3-F 91 C 20:1-M 69 D 4:1 (= GroupG)-22-45 D 6:1-M 289-290, M 353 D 11:1-F 71, G 72,M 5 D 12:1-L 26, M 203, M 217 D 14:1-M 365 D 15:2-M 315, M 363 D 17:1-M 82 E 5:1-22 E 11:2-J 14 E 14:1-F 45, F 79 E 14:2-G 106, J 14 E 15: 1-M 13 F 11:1-G 101, J40 F 15:1-M 235 F 19:1 (= GroupL)-73-81 G 11:2-M 101, M 374 I 16:1-K 113 J 12:1-J 45 J 18:1-M 74 J 18:2-K 67 K 18:1-M 312 M 17:1 (= GroupM)-82-120 M 18:1-F 24, M 53, M 66, M 81, M 94, M 177 M 19:1-F 71, G 184, M 65 M 20:1-F 89 M 21:1-K 52 N 13:1-M 311 N 17:1-K 73 N 17:2-G 103, G 105, G 107, J 42, M 124 N 18:1-10 N 18:5-104 N 19:1 (= GroupF)-10-21 N 19:2-H 17, M 37 N 20:1-M 12 N 20:2-M 54 N 20:3-K 132 N 20:4-F 55, F 58
N 20:5-M 49

Cement,waterproof:101 Chain:iron, M 260, M 264 Channel,cistern: 10, 22, 28 1, 8, 82, 123; Actian era, M 45-46, 1715; Chronology: Byzantine period,2-3; Hadrianiceras, 50; Hellenistic period,2, 11; Roman period,2, 46 Cilli (Stiria): G 102 Cisterns:8, 10-11, 22-23, 123 Clamps,lead: F 64; 73 Claudius,emperor(41-54): G 102 Clay:5, 9; gray, G 134; greenishgray, mottled,F 60; pinkishbuff, 2 Clay, objects of: M 340 Coelus(potter): G 102 "Coffee cup": G 215 Coins:Athenianimperialissues, 14,595, 837;Athenian New Style issues, 14, 105; Byzantine issues, 121; Roman imperialissues, F 48, F 50, M 289, 14, 504, 516,596,745; Roman republicanissues, F 44 Coinsand coinage: G 102; 14, 3, 10, 22-23, 50, 516, 59, 73-74, 82-84 Color,descriptionsof: 9 Columnsection: terracotta, G 161, J 7 Comb:wood, M 136 58 Conglomerate: Constantine II, emperor(337-340): 504,516 ConstantiusII, emperor(337-361): 745 Context: 8 M 260-262 Coopering: Corinth:G 159, G 164, H 3, J 31; 8, 1213 Publius (potter): G 38 Cornelius, Cos: amphorae,F 93, G 198; 43 Counter:bone, M 27 Crystal,quartz: L 67 Cup:glass, J 69, L 66, M 185,M 341-346; wood,M 58; see also Pottery, Shapes Cyrene:G 159 G 164 DELOS: Deposits: v, 8; Index of, 123-127 Deposits: Comparativematerial from the following catalogue depositsis cited underthe accompanying numbersand pages: A 14:1-L 24 B 12:1--J 46, K 114 B 18:1-F 45 B 13:2-G 91, H 18, M 245 B 14:1-K 188, M 70 B 14:2-L 2, M 63 B 14:3-G 104, H 10 B 15:1-1233 B 20:1-F 89, G 179 B 21:1-H 10, H 15 C 9:1-H 13 C 10:3-L 29 C 12:1 (= GroupJ)-50-57 C 18:1-M 174

N 21:1-F 26

0 17:1-G 123
0 18:1-M 308, M 336; 116 0 19:1-K 112, M 254 P 8:1 (= GroupH)-46-49 P 18:1-M 214, M 826, M 328, M 333 M 373 K P 18:2-K 111, 113, P 19:1-K 34, M 300 P 21:1 (= GroupN)-121-122 Q 13:1-F 50, G 99 Q 15:1 (= GroupK)-58-72 R 10:1-F 28, F 60, F 68, F 94, G 79, G 100, M5 R 13:1-F 62, F 76, F 84, M 14 R 19:1-F 71
Q 17:4-26, 825

INDEX R 21:1-M 157 S 19:1-K 73 S 21:1-G 108 S 21:3-K 76 Descriptions:8 Destructiondebris: 10, 22, 23 Dice: bone, L 68-72, M 109, M 251 Dionysos: G 102, K 139-140; as Herakles, G 159 Dioscurides:De MateriaMedica, G 215; 82, 503 Dipinti: F 65, F 74, F 92, G 126, H 20, H 33, J 5, J 52, K 17, K 19, K 33, K 58, K 112, L 32, M 54, M 94, M 102,M 104,M 118,M 123, M 145-148, M 169-170, M 190, M 199, M 233, M 241-242, M 255-259, M 278-279, M 324, M 327, M 333, M 372; v-vi, 50 Dolium: J 5 Dolphin and trident: K 145 Dump: 11

148

GroupC: F 48, G 90 GroupD: F 5, F 29, F 84, F 44, F 48, F 55, G 123, K 53; 1213 GroupE : F 5, F 17, F 27, F 34, F 44, F 48, F 62-63, F 69, F 76, F 78, G 123, K 53, M 10 Groups,Roman: 1-2 GroupF: 10-21 GroupG :22-45, 46, 83 GroupH: 46-49, 83 GroupJ: 46, 50-57, 83 GroupK: J 30; 51, 58-72, 73, 83 GroupL: 73-81, 83-84 GroupM: 73-74, 82-120 GroupN :121-122

HADRIAN, EMPEROR (117-138): J 5; 50 F 65; see also Pottery, Shapes Haltern (Germania): Dura-Europos: G 161 Handles and handle attachments: bone, G 211; bronze, L 20, M 28, 90, 101; glass, H 27, M 348; EARRING: bronze, N 13-15 iron, L 19, M 137, M 207, M 260, M 263-264; wood, Egypt: M 209; 609 G 212, L 21 Eleusis: 464 Handles and handle types: 7; animal handle, G 102, M 118 Ephippos: M 209-210, 114; bail handle, G 102, J 9, L 19-20, Eros: G 36, G 38, G 159, K 121, M 179, M 201 M 28, M 207-208, M 260, M263-264; baskethandle, Eudoros (potter and lamp maker): 531 G 95, G 106, G 128, H 22, J 2-3, J 44-45, K 73, L 7, Eupolis: 5311 M 44, M 63, M 88-89, M 160, M 198, 75; horned handle, G 198, M 54; loop handle, K 28, K 33, FABIUS LABEO, Q.: F 44 M 211 (?); ribbon handle, J 22, K 19-28, K 82, J K G G Figurines:terracotta, 5-6, 227, 67, 183-135, K 81; ring handle,H 19, K 22, K 34, K 108; sliced K 138, L 15, M 133-135, M 184, M 308; 80; seealso handle, G 103 and passim in catalogue;splayed G 159 handle, F 65 and passim in catalogue Fill: building,46; dumped, 11, 22, 23, 50-51, 58-59, 74, 82-84,123; period-of-use,M 374, 23, 50-51, 73, Helios: M 338 Heraclius,emperor(610-641): 121 82, 123 Herakles: G 159; 38, 5311 F hole: 65 and in 7-8 Filling passim catalogue; Herculaneum:G 159 Fish: G 211 Herm: G 165; bronze, K 148 Foot: F 65, M 206, 6; for bronzevessel, M 288 Hertorius,P. (potter): G 53 Foot-bath (?): F 91 Heruli: sack of Athens 3, 50, 59, 88 France: K 116 Hesychius: 4411 Fruit pits: 84, 94 Horace: Carmina,503 Hygieia: 529 GALEN: G 215

Geoponica:J 5 INLAY: J 26 Glass: F 50, M 369; 11 Inscriptions, Greek: see Dipinti, Graffiti, Index of Glass,objects of: H 25-27, J 69, K 142-143, L 65-66, Greek and Latin Names and Words, Pottery M 23-25, M 56, M 105-108, M 185-187, M 205, Stamps M 246-250, M 286, M 309, M 341-348, N 12; 87, 97 Inscriptions, Greek: convivial, K 17, K 19, K 33, Gordianus III, emperor(238-244): 504 K 58, M 145-148, M 190 M 31 Gorgoneion: Inscriptions, Latin: see Index of Greek and Latin Graffiti: F 7-8, F 10, F 12-13, F 65, G 70, K 19, Names and Words K 115, L 51, M 1, M 27, M 45-46, M 90, M 125, numbers:4 M 230, M 232, M 273, M 307-308, M 315, M 330, Inventory of: G Iron, objects 211-212, L 78, M 188, M 188-189, M 391; v-vi, 83 M 207-208, M 260-264, M 319 Group:8 Italy: G 44, M 216; 1, 503 Groups, Hellenistic: F 79; 2, 1212-13 JUG: bronze,F 44, M 29; glass, H 25-26, M 186; see GroupA :F 48, G 90 also Pottery, Shapes GroupB : F 48, F 89, G 80, H 14

144

INDEX
Relief patterns: G 4 and passim in catalogue Relief scene: Aeneas and Anchises, G 202; animal (?), G 151; Eros, K 121, M 179, M 201; erotic symplegma, G 153, L 12; gladiatorial combat, M 200; Helios, M 338; Herakles, 38; ram, M 202; uncertain, M 129 Plastic: G 159, J 14, J 24 (and 70), M 133-134, M 203; 75 Roman: 8-9, 517 Signatures:see Pottery, Stamps Wick: M 181 Lanx: K 4 Lead, objects of: F 64, J 9 (and 518), J 18, M 30, M 137, M 208, M 263; 80 Limestone(poros):H 29; 46, 58 Lion: J 27, K 17 Lip: 7 Looms: G 162 Loomweights: G 162, L 58a, M 22; conical, M 22, M 204, M 318; discoid, G 162, M 285; pyramidal, L 58a, M 21

Justinian, emperor (527-565): closes schools of Athens, 3 Juvenal: Satirae,503

KALLIPPOS: 4411

Key: bronze,L 77; iron, L 78, M 189, M 319

Kiln-support: F 1, M 340

F 96,L 55, 43,45,53,72,120 Knidos:G 159;amphorae, Knife: iron, G 211-212 Knucklebones:84, 94, 97
Koronis: 529

Kourion (Cyprus):F 65 F 97-104, G 3-4, G 127-129, G 130-131 (and LAMPS:

86), G 132-158, G 200-204, G 219-226, H 21-22, J 6, J 14, J 23, J 24 (and70), J 59-66, K 121-132, L 12-14, L 34, L 58, L 62, L 64, M 15-20, M 55, M 127-131, M 132 (and94), M 133-134, M 179-183, M 200-203, M 244, M 283-284, M 317, M 338-339, M 375-384, M 390 Attic, Howlandtypes: type 35 B: M 15 type 39: G 221 MAECILIUS TULLUS,M.: F 48 type 40 A: G 3 Magnus(potter): F 50 type 44 A: F 102-103 J 27, L 36, M 287, 58, 120; Hymettian, 46; Marble: type 44 D: G 140, G 220 Pentelic, G 165, H 28, K 144-145, K 147, L 17, type 49 A: G 134, G 142, G 149 M 59-60, M 112, 46, 120 type 49 B: G 134 Marcian,emperor(450-457): M 289 type 50 B: G 127-128 MarcusAurelius,emperor(161-180): J 14 type 52 B: G 219 Martial:503 type 52 C: F 100 Mask: G 36, G 102, G 228, H 23, K 136-137 type 52 E: F 99, F 101, G 130-131 F 65, J 5 and passim in catalogue; Mastic: 8 type 53: G 133 Mauricius 84 Tiberius,emperor(582-602): type 54 A: F 97 8 Measurements: type 54 B: M 16 Medallions,mouldmade:K 17, L 63, M 31 type 54 C: M 17 Eastern: 1, 609 138 D: 54 G G Mediterranean, 135, type bowls: G 48 132 var.: 56 G Megarian type Mehrum G 102 F 98 57: (Germania): type Meroe 4 58 A: G Nubia): G 102, M 54 (=Begarawiyah, type 34 C. G 222 B: G Merus, 58 G (potter?): 136-137, type Broneertypes: Methymna(Lesbos):G 113 Corinthian, Mirror:bronze,L 21 3 XIII: G type Christian:M 315 38 G XVIII: Monogram, 4; type Mosaic: 38 XIX: G 50, 74 G 10, 4, 134; type of the Mother Gods: J 27; 120 70 H XX: G 463, 21; 38-39, 147, type 80 terracotta: XXI: 38 Mould, type M 57 F 104 bone, XXII: Moulding: type Munatius M.: 529 XXIV: 70 G Vopiscus, 38-39, 200; type XXV: 70 38-39, type NAIL:iron, M 188, M 260, M 262 type XXVII: L 63; 38, 463,70 80 M Needle: bone, J 15-16, J 25, L 16, L 35; 94 XXVIII: G 244; 70, 147, type 149 Nomenclature: 5-8, 399, 609 G G 134, Ephesos: Nubia: Ballana and Qustul, F 65; Begarawiyah Hellenistic: 8 Knidos: G 3 (= Meroe), G 102, M 54 Numeral notation: J 5 Ornamentation: Nutshells: 84, 94 Applique: G 3

INDEX
OBERADEN(GERMANIA):M 260

145
Geometric:8 Gray ware: F 26-27, G 46-47, H 10; 40 Hellenistic: F 16-17, K 52-53, M 162; 2, 6 Importation:M 216; 2, 3, 10, 609 Italian: 1-2 Kitchen ware: 584 Late Roman red ware: K 1-4, M 139; 51, 609,88 Late Roman stamped ware: M 849, M 850 (and 78, 80), M 351; 609 Late Roman wares (A, B, C and D): 609 Lead glaze ware: G 45 Lid, pithos: F 89 Lip, trefoil: G 90 Local late Roman painted ware: J 19, K 17, K 19-28, K 33, K 58-61, L 22, L 24-25, M 140, M 145-149, M 158, M 190-191, M 209-211, M 213-215, M 265, M 290 (and 78, 80), M 811; 51, 609,83 Local late Roman stamped ware: G 178, J 80, K 5-12, L 59-61 (and 78, 80), M 289, M 310; 609,73-74, 83-84 Local wares: 2-3, 609 Manufacture: Burnishing:G 115, H 3; 91 Double-dipping streak: G 174; passim in Groups F-G; 6 "Fehlbrand":L 59, L 62, M 68 Firing: J 40, K 36, M 323; 5 Glazes: 5; alkaline, 5; Arretine, 5; Attic, 5; black, G 134, 2; Byzantine, M 385, M 890, 2, 84; lead, G 45; partial, 5; Roman, 2, 5; Samian, 5; vitreous, G 160, M 35 Handmadevessels: G 217 Kilns: K 19, 1; stacking in, F 18, F 37 and passim in catalogue Kiln-supports:F 1, M 340 Repairs: F 63-64, F 88 Slip: 5; matt white, H 15, M 74, M 224, 5; self-slip, 5 and passim in catalogue Eastern: 1 Mediterranean, Micaceous ware: F 65-66, G 107, J 46-47, L 5051, M 45-46, M 125-126, M 240-242, M 255259, M 275-282, M 307, M 335, M 373; 42, 56, 67, 75, 85, 91, 93, 100, 102, 108, 114 Mottojugs: K 58, M 145-148, M 190 Motto plates and bowls: K 17, K 19, K 33 Mouth:bulbous, G 90 Ornamentation: Applique:F 29, G 21, G 35-36, G 102, K 17, L 63, M 31, M 33 6 Combing:passim in catalogue; L K L L 40, 32, 38, Gouging: 43-44, M 115, M 157, M292-293, M 297-299, M 812, M 820, M 357-361, M 366, 6, 73, 83-84, 105, 108109, 113, 121; crisscrosspattern,M 861; leaf pattern, M 298, M 812, M 858 Incision: F 16, G 99, M 89, M 300, M 865-867

Olympia:Nymphaeumof Herodes Atticus, 464 materials:sea shells,nutshells,etc., 84, 94, 97 Organic Oribasius:G 215 Ornavasso(Italia): Persona cemetery, F 26, F 48, F 50; S. Bernardocemetery,F 44 Osteotheke:M 367; 84, 121 Ostia: G 102, K 116
PAEAN:529

Painters: TrefoilPainter, L 25 Palestine: M 209, M 329 Palladius: 503 Parthia: J 14 PerenniusBargathes,M. (potter): G 38 Pergamon: G 159, J 14 Pestle: marble,M 287 Pine cones: G 159; 84, 94 Pins: bone, G 7, G 163, G 208-210, J 8, L 73-75, M 110, 94; bronze, K 150 Plague: J 14 Plaster, wall (stucco): 10, 22 Plates: silver, G 172; see also Pottery, Shapes Pliny: NaturalisHistoria, G 215; 82, 503 Plutarch: Sulla, 210
Pollux: 4411

Pompeii: G 102, G 123 Poros (limestone):H 29; 46, 58 Portrait: marble, K 144 Pottery: Arretineand otherWesternSigillatawares:F 15, G 28, G 33-38, G 44, G 48, G 74; v, 1, 2, 10, 118,129,22-23, 26, 40, 88 Attic: G 28; 2, 49 Barbotine:F 24-25, F 45; 1213 Brittle ware: F 18-24, G 39-43, H 2, H 3 (and 27), M 3-4, M 216 Burnished: G 115, H 3; 91 Byzantine: M 385-391; 2-3, 84 Coarse household vessels: F 51-74, F 89-96, G 99-111, G 123-124, G 126, G 184-189, G 197-199, G 216-218, H 16-18, J 4-5, J 13, J 39-54, K 78-88, K 108-120, L 8-11, L 30-33, L 45-56, M 9-10, M 12-14, M 39-50, M 53-54, M 75-99, M 101-104, M 118-126, M 163-178, M 195-199, M 225-243, M 253-259, M 269-282, M 300-307, M 315-316, M 321-337, M 370-373, M 386-389, N 1-11 Cookingwares: F 75-88, G 112-122, G 125, G 190-194, G 195 (and85), G 196, H 19, J 22, J 55 (and68), J 56-58, K 89-107, M 11, M 5152, M 100, M 314, M 374 Early Romanfine wares:F 18-27, G 2, G 39-48, G 160, G 172, H 2-8, M 4, M 85; 1213 Eggshell ware: H 3 (and 27), M 216 Faience: G 160, M 35 Frying pans: F 79, G 113-115 (and 42), M 11
10

146

INDEX Painted ornament(see also Local late Roman painted ware): F 16-17, F 91, G 101, J 4, K 108, M 38-40, M 92, M 217, M 329-331, M 362, 75, 83; floralpattern,F 16-17, K 2022, K 24, K 26, K 60, L 25, M 158, M 191, M 217; "reversedS" pattern, K 23, K 25, M 149; spiral pattern, J 19, K 22, K 28, K 59, K 61, L 22, L 24, M 209-211, M 213-215, M 265, M 290, M 311, M 329; wave lines, interlaced,M 329-331 Punch marks:L 5, L 57, M 157 Relief ornament:G 38, G 45, G 48, J 31, K 4, K 17, L 63, M 31 Rouletting: F 1-2, F 20, F 22, F 26-27, F 33, G 16, G 18-21, G 28, G 33-35, G 44, G 5357, G 61-62, G 66, G 76, G 78, G 85-86, G 166-167, G 169, G 179, H 4, H 10-11, H 13, H 17-18, K 3, M 4, M 31, M 34, M 36-37 Spiralgrooving:M 226, M235, M 272, M 321; 6 Stampedornament:see Late Roman stamped ware, Local late Roman stamped ware, Stamps (potters') Thorndecoration:F 23, G 2 F 69 andpassimin catalogue; 6 Wheel-ridging: F ware: G G G G 1-14, 1, 8-15, 28, Pergamene 73-74, G 174, K 35, v, 6, 117-8,40; imitation ware, G 14-15; mottledPergamene Pergamene 40 H 1, ware, 8 Protogeometric: Relief ware, moulded: G 38, G 45, G 48, G 172, J 31, J 54, K 4, K 77, L 57, L 63, M 31, M 209210 Samian ware: F 15, F 34, G 16-32, G 166-171, G 174, G 176, G 213, H 30, J 28-29,M 31-33, v, 6, 129,25, 40, 60; imitation Samian ware, G 15, G 28 Shapes: Amphora:F 69-74, G 108, J 48 (and31, 100), J 49 (and100), J 50-52, K 68 (and31, 100), K 84, K 85 (and100),L 3 (and31), L 28 (and 100), L 30 (and75), L 31 (and80, 102), L 32 (and80), L 52-54, M 12 (and93), M 41 (and 43), M 47 (and43), M 48-49, M 50 (and93), M 77, M 90-94, M 95 (and 96), M 96-99, M 123-124, M 174 (and67, 116), M 175, M 176 (and 77), M 177-178, M 199, M 214, M 229 (and 112) Amphora,storage: F 92, F 98 (and 43), F 94 (and35, 43), F 95-96, G 126 (and35), G 197 (and 96), G 198 (and 35), G 199 (and 69), G 218, H 20, H 33, J 5, K 108-111, K 112 (and100), K 113, K 114 (and43), K 115 (and 100, 102), K 116-118, L 11, L 33 (and 75), L 55 (and77, 108),M 18-14, M 53, M 54 (and 35), M 102 (and 96), M 103 (and 77, 89), M 104, M 230 (and 102, 108, 110, 114), M 231234 (and108,110,114), M 285 (and108, 110, 112),M 236 (and102), M 237 (and102, 108), M238 (and108),M239 (and102),M 254 (and 110),M 272, M 273 (and108),M 274, M 302303, M 305, M 306 (and114), M 323-324, M 325 (and 80, 119), M 326, M 327 (and 119), M 328, M 329 (and 114, 119; cf. N 16), M 330-331 (cf. N 16), M 332-333, M 334 (and 77, 107, 119), M 372, M 388-389, M 391 Basin: F 62 (and 31), F 90, G 99-100, G 187, K 78-80, K 81 (and 107), M 163 Beaker: F 18-24, G 41-42, G 44, G 94, H 2, H 3 (and 27), M 4 Bell-cup: F 12 (and 24), F 13-14, G 28 (and 40), G 35 (and 26), G 70-71, G 73, H 6-7, M 33 Bottle, medicine: G 217 Bowl: F 16-17, F 28-35, F 51-54, F 60-61, G 12, G 14, G 21-24, G 48, G 51 (and 41), G 52-69, G 76-78, G 169, G 179 (and 31), G 184, G 185 (and 31), G 186, G 216, H 1, H 12-13, H 31-32, J 31, K 17-18, K 19-21 (and 75), K 22 (and75, 105), K 23-27 (and75), K 28-34, K 42-51, L 2, L 22, L 63, M 1, M3132, M 34, M 61-64, M 66, M 113, M 140-142, M 209-210 (and114),M 211-212, M 290 (and 78, 80, 113, 117), M 349, M 350 (and78, 80, 114), M 351-356 Brazier: G 123 (and 69) F 76, F 77 (and 34), G 190 Casserole: Closedvessel (shapeindeterminate):91 Cup:F 26, G 17-18, G 28-30, G 39-40, G 43, G45, G47, G72, G 79-81, H 10, J 29, K 5257, M 2-3, M 33, M 143-144 F 6-11, G 1 (and 40), G Cup, hemispherical: G G 74-75 13, 73, (and 88), G 180, H 8-9 Decanter:L 24-25 (and75), M 158-159,M215216 Dish, cookingware: G 112, J 22, K 89-91 Flowerpot: G 111 Frying pan: F 79, G 113-115 (and42), M 11 Funnel: F 63-64, M 9, M 119, M 253 Haltern shapes: Haltern lb, G 33; Haltern 2, G 34, 26; Haltern3b, G 49; Haltern8, G 35; Haltern 16, G 44 F 67, G 107, M 126 (and56, Jar, one-handled: 100), M 282 (and 107, 108, 114; cf. L 50), M 304, M 315, M 336 (and 119) Jar, one-handled, micaceous ware: F 65-66 (and42), G 107 (and42), J 46, J 47 (and67), L 50-51, M 45 (and85, 93), M 46, M 125 (and 100, 102), M 240-242 (and 75), M 255-258 (and 110), M 259, M 275-276, M 277 (and 110, 1,14;cf. M 307), M 278-279 (and 110), M 280-281, M 307, M 335 Jar, two-handled:M 78-79, M 118, M 300 Jar, two-handled, micaceousware: L 50-51, M 307, M 335 (and 114), M 373

INDEX
Jug: F 25, F 44-45, F 55-59, F 68, G 2, G 8586 (and 41), G 87, G 88 (and 41), G 89-92, G 93 (and41, 93), G 103 (and42, 89), G 104105, G 119, G 120 (and 85), G 171, G 182183, G 188 (and56, 89), G 189, G 214, H 11, H 17-18, J 10-11, J 13, J 19-21, J 34-36, J 41, J 42-43 (and 89), K 58-67, K 82-88, K 106, L 4, L 8-10, L 23, L 26 (and 75, 99, 102), L 27, L 37-40, L 41 (and 99, 102), L 42-46, L 47-48 (and77), L 49 (and116), M 5 (and 88), M 36-38, M 42, M 43 (and 33), M 67-70, M 80 (and 89), M 81-87, M 101 (and 89), M 114, M 115 (and 99), M 120-122, M 145-157, M 164-166, M 167 (and56), M 168173, M 190-197, M 213, M 218-219, M 220 (and99, 102, 108, 110, 112), M 221-222 (and 100, 102, 108, 110), M 223, M 225 (and 110), M 226-228, M 265, M 266 (and 108), M 267, M 268 (and 105), M 270-271, M 291, M 292 (and 108-109), M 293 (and 113), M 294 (and 116), M 295-297, M 298 (and 113), M 299, M 301, M 311-313, M 320-321, M 322 (and 119), M 357-359, M 360 (and 109, 113), M 361-366, M 368, M 370 (and116,119), M 371, M 386-387, N 1-11 Jug, cookingware:G 119, G120 (and85), K 106 Kantharos: G 80, H 14, M 162 Large storage vessel: F 89-96, G 126, G 197199, G 218, H 20, H 33, J 5, K 108-120, L 11, L 33, M 13-14, M 47-49, M 53-54, M 102-104, M 235-239, M 272-274, M 303-306, M 327-334, M 372, M 388-389, M 391 Lekythos: M 367; 84 Lid (and stopper):F 86-87, F 89, G 109-110, G 121-122, G 124, G 196, H 16, J 53-54, J 58, K 86-88, K 107, K 119-120, M 243, M 316, M 337, N 16 Lid, cookingware:F 86-87, G 121-122, G 196, J 58, K 107 Liqueurcup: G 215 (and41), J 38, K 75, L 56, M 117 Miniature vessel: G 95, H 14, J 1-3, J 12, J 37, K 69-72, K 73 (and75), L 5-7, M 73, M 116, M 160-162 Mortar:M 10 Mug: F 46-47 Pan, cookingware: F 78, G 191, M 100 Plastic vase: K 77, L 57 Plate: F 1-2, F 3-4 (and 24), F 5, F 15, F 27, F 36-43, G 8-10, G 11 (and 40), G 15-16, G 19-20 (and31), G 25-27 (and40), G 31-33, G 34 (and 26, 40), G 36 (and 26, 40), G 37, G 46 (and40), G 49 (and85), G 50, G 82-84 (and 85), G 160, G 166-168, G 170, G 172173, G 174 (and 40), G 175, G 176 (and 40),

147
99), K 38-41, L 1, L 59-61 (and 80), M 85, M 65, M 139, M 289, M 310, M 385 Pot, cookingware: F 80-85, F 88, G 116-118, G 192, G 193 (and 34), G 194, G 195 (and 34, 85), H 19, J 55-57, K 92-96, K 97-105 (and 56), M 51-52, M 314, M 874 Pot, small: M 71-72, M 269 Pyxis: G 17 Savings bank: L 29 Situla: G 102 Skyphos: K 52 Sprinkler jug: M 217 Stamnos: G 101, J 4, J 89-40, M 39-40, M 7576 Stand: G 125, K 76 Thymiaterion:G 159, H 15, M 74, M 224; see also J 53 Unguentarium:F 48-50, G 96-98, M 6-8, M 369 (and 116) Vat: F 91 Water jar, basket handle: G 106, J 44-45, M 44, M 88, M 89 (and 96), M 160, M 198 Spout: F 90, G 89 78 Stamps, potters': M 369; 1, 129-10, Absenceof: G 28, G 51-52, J 32, K 13-16, M 31 Amphorahandles (and necks): F 96, G 197, G 218, K 116-118; 43, 72, 76, 80, 120 Convivialstamps: F 15, G 21; 129 Device-stamps:G 71, K 12, L 60, M 310, 129, 73, 78, 80; concentriccircles, M 289; concentric squares, L 61; crescent-shapeddevice, K 10-11 (cf. K 132); cross, K 9, M 33, M 351; diamond, G 184, M 63; dog (?), M 350; leaf, G 24, H 1; leopard,J 30; palmette, F 29-31, G 27, G 178, L 59; rosette, F 2, G 23, G 25, G 30, G 63-64, G 168, G 170, K 5-8; sandalled foot, G 53-56, G 61; swastika, M 349 Lampsignatures:F 98, G 130-131, G 133-134, G 136-139, G 141, G 143-145, G 149, G 152, G 200, G 219, G 220, G 228-226, H 21-22, J 23, J 60, J 62-63, J 65, K 122, K 125-126, K 132, L 12-13, M 20, M 127-129, M 131132, M 182, M 283-284 Latin: G 33-34, G 37, K 116-117 Lettered, illegible: G 16, G 166 Lid: N 16 Multiple:F 29-31, G 38 Name-stamps:F 50, G 33-34, G 37, G 102; 129,531 Plantaform:F 26, F 50, G 29, G 37, G 166; 23 Style: 8 Table ware: 584 Thornware: F 23, G 2 Typology: v, 8 West Slope ware: F 16-17, H 14; 1211 Westernsigillata wares: see Pottery, Arretine

G 177-178, G 181, G 213, H 4-5, H 30, J 28, J 80, J 32-33, K 4-16, K 35-36, K 37 (and

148
Pounder:L 18 Probus, emperor(276-282): 3, 88 Puteoli: G 159

INDEX
TARSUS: F 65; 1

Telesphoros:J 14 Terracotta,objects of: G 5-6, G 205-207, G 227-228, H 23-24, J 7, J 67, K 133-141, L 15, M 135, M 184, M QUARTZ: L 67 245, M 808; 22, 72 F 65 Terracottas,Roman: 9 Qustul (Nubia): Thasos:amphorae,43, 49, 80 Theocritus:50S REVETMENT: marble, G 165; 74 Thumb-rest:G 2, G 85-86, H 11, H 17 Rhodes: 2016;amphora,F 94 G 159, H 15, M 74, M 224; seealso J 53 Rim: 7 Thymiaterion: Tiberius,emperor(14-37): G 102; 22 TiberiusII, emperor(578-582): 84 G 161 SAMARIA: Tile: hypocaust, G 161, J 7; roof, 58; well, 50, 73, 82; Sarapionof Chollidai:529 window,22 Satyr: mask, H 28, K 137 ScriptoresHistoriae Augustae:MarcusAurelius,529 Titius, L. (potter): G 33 Sculpture:bronze, K 148, M 206; marbleand stone, Titius Thyrsus,L. (potter): G 33 G 165, H 28, J 27, K 144 (and59), K 145, L 36, M Toe: M 206 59, M 112, 120; terracotta,G 5-6, G 227-228, H 23, Toy: K 188 J 67, K 133-188, L 15, M 135, M 184, M 808 Troy: 61 Sea sheUls: 84, 94, 97 UNGUENTARIUM: glass, M 56, M 106; see also Pottery, Seilenos:L 86 Shapes Serpentine:46 Severus (potter): G 34 VALENTINIAN II, EMPEROR (375-392): 745 Siphnos:F 29, G 108 Vandals: 596 Situla: G 102 Skeletalmaterial: 121 Vespasian,emperor(69-79): G 102 Vindobona:G 102 88 Slag, foundry: Slavs: invasion of Athens, 84 WATER: flOW, 22; level, 82; pipe, terracotta,72 Spain: K 116 Wells: M 138 head: 3, 104, 123; iron, GroupJ, 50-57; GroupL, 73-81; Spear 82-120 M 111 M J M, 26, 68, bone, Group Spoon: Stone, objects of: G 165, H 28-29, J 27, K 144-147, Wheel: lead, M 30 L 17-18, L 36, M 59-60, M 112, M 252, M 287; 11, Whetstone:M 252 Wine: F 65, G 215, J 5, 82, 4411,50; apple (or quince), 82 M 241; Opimian M 241; Falerian, 503;Mytilenean, 824 Storage:8, M 307 wild 123 basil, 23, 50S; 82, 1, 51, vintage, Stratigraphy: Wing: bronze,K 149 Stylus: bronze,K 151 sack of Athens, 2, 103 Wood, objects of: G 212, J 26, M 58, M 186, M 260Sulla, L. Cornelius: 262 209 M Syria: INDEX OF MUSEUMSAND COLLECTIONS materialfrom the followingmuseumsis cited underthe accompanyingcataloguenumbers. Comparative Museum:G 102, G 159 Leiden, Rijksmuseumvan Oudheden:M 31 Alexandria,Greco-Roman 102 des G Mus6e London,British Museum:G 159, G 172, K 4, K 77, Antiquit6s: Angers, L 29 Athens, KerameikosMuseum:G 159 102 G collection Walter Michigan, University, Museum:G 102 C., York): Baker, (New Beirut, AmericanUniversity Museum:G 159, M 829 Munich,Museumantiker Kleinkunst: G 102 Naples, MuseoNazionale: G 123 Benachi, Loukas, collection: G 159, M 81 Berlin, K6nigliche Museen: Agyptische Sammlung, Odessa,Museum... ftir Geschichteund Altertumskunde: G 102 G 102; Antiquarium,G 159, K 19 Ostia, Museodi: G 102 Boston, Museumof Fine Arts: H 3, M 54 Stroganoffcollection (Rome): G 102 Cairo,Egyptian Museum:F 65 Danish National Museum:L 29 Tunis, MuseeAlaoui (Bardo):K 4 Copenhagen, Museum:G 102, M 367 Vienna, Kunsthistorisches Corinth,Museum:G 159 Scavi, Casadell'atrio a mosaico:G 159 Herculaneum,

INDEX
INDEX OF GREEK AND LATIN NAMES AND WORDS
GREEK NAMES
AMPHORAE

149

GREEK WORDS

'ETrEp(-): G 218 EOv(-): K 118 [ K]7iarriEus:F 96

ANTEFIXES

J 52, M 104 &agcpl (and [&]68EAp[cov]):

&6xvos:M 807 J5 &pirrAoX:

'Ar)vafou: K 141 G 205 (cf. G 130) 'ATr[oAAcov]ou:

['HpaKxE]o[U]: M 245
LAMPS

M 104 &rr6Bos: G 215 B6arrpfaS: 8iaap&g:M 145 Sfya (and 6fy0l): K 19 copo[v]:F 15
iviauovnaai (and bviavuoalov): J 5 hmve(,pfasc:o): M 283 frovs: J 5, M 46 eOei)v: M 147 ureAlS: 4411 eqippcov:M 147 Laacrls (and LoES): K 17, K 33, M 147

'A(-): G 133, G 136, G 138-139, G 141, G 148-145, G 149, G 152, G 220, G 223-226, H 21-22, J 60,
J 62, M 20, M 127

'Arr(-): G 131 (?) 'Airoacoviou: G 130 (cf. G 205)

AIovWoiou:F 98

'Emrrtrq6pou:K 125 M 128 ['Erray]&Oou: Ku(-): M 284 na(-): G 131 (?) G 134 Hlpacal6vou: Thpdeou:J 23, K 122 (?), L 12, M 182 Tphiou (nlpeFiou):L 13, M 129, M 132 Poopou: M 283 (?)
Xco-rr(-): G 219 K 126 OAtXO?poOV::

Oicuvpoi: L 29 J 24 i&d(TrS:
KadsS: M 330 Kaeap(ou): M 199

M 146 [K]aC;&: K KOaAi: 19, M 148

Kip6os: G 21 Ai(Tpai): M 169-170, M 199, M 230, M 232

M 241 AiTrlS: cuial: M 54, M 123, M 273, M 824, M 827

olviorrpia: 5311

Illegible: G 200, J 63, J 65, K 132

POTTERY AND FIGURINES

M 230 6aoarp&Kov:

'ASpiavov: J 5 "Aaopos: M 308

E0Sco(pos): 5811

o(O)y(ylai): M 199, M 232 rraiyvia:M 118 'racato6: M 241

Iltuuov: H 20

M 241 Trp6rpoorros:
M 199 OrKcbjp(acros):

Eipupi[--]: H 33 M 46 NiKTI: H 33 TTEpiqc: M 104 OltAinrS: M $IAirrcp: 104 [--aaiKAfiS: L 32

M 279 ZCoTIKO0: ['l]epcov[*]cp: J 52

aipaiov: G 215 aTrd6vov: M 104 M 145 ap&dg: M 145, M 190 qx<palxypaTa: J 14 qpaEivppo-ros:
4411 qPacUXoS:

LATIN NAMES

: J 52 [X]pTIari X0 (a): M 54 dcpaa: M 148

LATIN WORDS

Asul(eianenses ?): K 117

Camuri:G 37 Severi: G 34 L. Titi Thyrsi: G 33 Uncertain:K 116

deuteria: 4411

figlinae: K 117 vina: 4411

operaria: 4411

PLATES

PLATE 1

F 24 (1:2) Fl F5

F8

F9

F10

F13

F 18

F 19

F 20

F23 F25

F 24

F68

F75

.' .

.
F-79 (2:5)

F68

F75

F 38

F 39

I 1I F30 F 16 F 32

l)

F55 F56
F55 F56

F58

F59

F44

F45

....,,, -

.......

w;Xw
... ....
.(.~ Group 7) . . . F. ~:;-,.;,~
lstCenturyB..C..(17)

..

?~~~~~~~~~~~'~~~~ '".':':'.!..... ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.?"

indicated) where (except Scale?1:5

. ~?

F 48

F 49

F 50

.. . c~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.? .ic" .1 ..S...

(ecpwhr';:

;:?~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ F 64 F 63 r~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ F~~~~~~~~~~~~~~lerarr~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ . . ' ~ ~ ~ ~

56F F6
i4
?

F67
.

F6
Ci:..

F71

.'";F
'"'??;

?~~~~~:
F F F 467 4 F. Group

.hr . , iniat :....... ": Scale~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

:. 9 Ist Century C,, B.

.F 5 i

PLATE 3

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

i~~~~~~~~~~~~~

....... ~$.. . . " _,

F 80

F81

F82

_*:-:::???

...

?~~~~~

liL_~
.
_,

F83

F 84

F 85

L:~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
:' 0 0

?~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~?

::a
?

.. .-

?~~~~~~ w~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
't ? I n CIUE~?

''~~i~
f

kMI~~ i~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~"
I ?. ~ f.. 'iU

? ?Y"i

F| F 92

~
IF93

I
(1:10)

J
F.

-'
F 94

r?i

t
F 95

1st CenturyB. C.

F86

(1:5)

F87

Group F.

1st Century B. C.

)
G1 G2 G40 G,441

C
G 43 G 79

)
G80 G81

)
G 76

..G29

G 19

G 26

G 32

G 33

Group G.

1st Century before Christ and 1st Century after C Scale 1:5

I
G 93 G 95 G 96 G 97 G 98 G48 (1:2)

G 65

~~~~G671' ~ G 67

...............

~G6~8 G.68

.G:e,0.

G71

G 72

G73

G 74 G 85

G60

?G61

I
G51 G56 G 57 G 89 G90

1st Century after Christ. Group G. Scale 1:5 (except where indicated)

G 102 (1:7)

G 102 (2:3) [G100]

- . .S
q
. . S * N

... ? .

? ?;

,I r:"'?? : 'i"l '"

G83

i? "

1?'?; ?

..I.BI? -:.
?'?:-I? I-.

i.
;-? ::...

*;:

P i

[G105]

[G 106]
(1:7)

[G 108]

G 109

G 110

1st and Early2nd Centuries. GroupG. Scale1:5 (exceptwhereindicated)

?...
[G104] [G103] G 107
r. .. ,:** .'^^^^^^:. ,^'^(BB^^^!^^^^^^^^^

,-

fl ...
G120

G1

-.

:.''.

G 214.

GG-215

217d

179

'. .

'"

?~~~~~Sale1:

G 182

G188

11

Group G.

1st and Early 2nd Centuries. Scale 1:5

PLATE 8

G 198

G 197

G199

Group G.

Late 1st and Early 2nd Centuries. Scale 1:7

H 1 (exterior)

H4

H 16

H 10

H1

H 14

H15

H19

[H 13]

[H17]

H8]

H20

Group H.

1st Half of 2nd Century.

J12

J 34

J 36

J 37

J 38 (1:4)

J35

h2

J 31 (4:5)

Group J.

2nd to Early 3rd Century.

PLATE 10

J4

J39

J40

J13

J41

[J42]

J44 Group J.

J48

J49 2nd to Early 3rd Century.

[J45]

[J46]

J5

J51

._.

. .;.

J56

J55

J57

J54

2nd to Early 3rd Century. Group J. Scale 1:5 (except where indicated)

.ZA." I-M ".

'.. '50 , 'Moak

Kl

K9

K7

K3

K 27

[K 34]

K 28

K 31

K 43

Middle of 3rd Century. Group K. Scale 1:5 (except where indicated)

K51

.K.52

K 53

?
K 54 K 55 K 56 K 57

K65

K66

_ _
K58 K59 K62 K64

Group K. .Middle

of 3rd Centu.

..

H ^^^^^^^^H T ffl^ffls^^BH^^^^^^^^^B ' 'K_HE^'^M^ _--

^^^^^^^^^^^^^ H BR-?HIH HMM^^^^H K _ where .1: 5 (except Scale.

*' indicated)...

. B^I^^^HRMk. . ... '"MM

K78

K79 (1:7)
Group K.

K81
Middle of 3rd Century.

[K73]

Scale 1:5 (except where indicated)

'

...

,"z^,_]

....

''

i
K80 K90

v-_'^^W^B
K 82 K83 K84 K85 K96

_-:'----^.. ..

_ ^___. f

,... ..

..2 ....

4.-

K97

K 99

K 106

K 101

K 103

K92

GroupK.

Middleof 3rdCentury. Scale1:5

PLATE 15

?? -?'?' ""' i:?1 '?''?"

?1 ?I* ?:.'? ???' r-, ...?I?? :??I?: ?i ". ; ??:

K 108

K 109

[K1ll]

. 7V

[K 112]

[K113]

[K 114]

Group K.

Middle of 3rd Century. Scale 1:7

Q
L4
L

LS
5.

L6
6.

....

L7

L 56 (2:5)

Lll

L3

L9

L10

L22

L23 L31

L 57 (2:5) L 27 L 28 L 29

L 37

3rd and 4th Centuries. Group L. Scale 1:5 (except where indicated)

L 39

L43

L 44

L48

L 45

L 50

L 51 (1:7)

L 54

L55

L49

4th Century. Group L. Scale 1:5 (except where indicated)

..

PLATE 18

..... ,.,~ .a-,,^.:. ~'~;:*' ':'.""' f,.-,..:...:..:.:.:.:......-. _..~~~~~~ '' - - s e;--i......................:.; '4:?1 r :''~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ i. -... ..r..i. *-*. . .. .. MS

.. 34 ':

._

..

I
[M5] M6 M7 [M8] M33 M36

[M 37]

I:

M 39

M 40

M41

-'T?* .? ??? .1 ?. ':?'??'?"';':? "''' '''; I:? ?: ??r;; r? .??l::;lr'?;l ''' ' 'I'''

I-

M9

[M12]

M 119

GroupM.

Middleof 1stto Early3rdCentury.

PLATE 19

...

"

~r .,'i

..... .

~' ~~~~~LJ-i~~~~~~~~~~~~
... .

re

~~~~l..
. '?' . . . ? .:,.i". ? ~: " .. '

..

g_J

~~?
.,

C\i

L_

?.L,.~~~~~~C1
-'? ....--

~,

,.~, [.~

4-a

co :i

g_.Jr

rr O

I? , 1 rCI ?^:i??'?\ r)

::.. : ? ....?:';1"?`? . ?.'

PLATE 20

M 38

M 42

M 43

M 44

M45

M47 (1:7)

M48

[M 49
_

M 50

M 51

M 52

Late1stto Early2ndCentury. GroupM. Scale1:5 (exceptwhereindicated)

PLATE 21

rM691

M 70]

M71

M 73

M 74

M80

--.

M 68

M6

M 67

M 75

M 76

M 77

M 84

L11*?? ??:'??;I,;::??(\ :s.i.??. ?i7:? '"": :::::?-1;:' d:Cr i?.

)
M83 M78 [M81] [M82]

Group M.

Late 2nd Century. Scale 1:5

i :";:;??L ;'_;u:.?I;I

ii

M 85

M 87

M88

M89

M90

?-???" "'-';.:i ,I.?

; ?r?I':'*? :y??,;?:?? ????'?

_FWyr .t ? ! .-#

M95

M96

M97

M98

M 79

M94

GroupM.

Late2nd Century. Scale1:7

[M 113 ] [M 101]j M 102

M 114

/7"v

I 1,

118

12.0 Mi (1:7)

M'121

M 122

M 123

[lvi 124]

Late 2nd to Early 3rd Century. Group M. Scale 1:5 (except where indicated)

PLATE 24

[M 141]

M 144

M 159 (1:3)

M 160

M 161

M 162

M 145

M 147

M 149

M 158

Iw
M 150 M151 M 152 M 153

a
M 154 M 156
M 15 r M 1i'7,

Middle of 3rd Century. Group M. Scale 1:5 (except where indicated)

PLATE 25

I
I
M164 M 165 M 166 M 168

M 169

M 171

M 172

M 173

..

. ".

ii

M 175

M 176

M 177

M 178

M 190

M 191

M192

M 194

M 209 (1:2)

M 210 (1:2)

M 195

M 197

__

M 211

M 243

M 316 (1:3)

M 224

Late 3rd to Early 4th Century. Group M. where 1'5 (except Scale Scale1:5 (except where indicated) indicated)

M213

M214

M215

M 220

M 222

M216

M218

M 219

[M 217]

M 226

Early 4th Century. Group M. Scale 1:5 (except where indicated)

PLATE 28

M230

M234

M 235

M 236

M237

M 238

M 239

M 240

M 254

M 255

M 256

M 257

M.

4th

M 265

M 266 (1:5)

M 268

M 269

M 276

M 279

M 270

M 271 (1:7)

M 272

M275

M273

M2

Group Group M.

Late 4th Century. Century.

PLATE 30

M291

M 292

M 293

M 294

M 295

M 296

M 298

M 299

[IM300]

M301

M305

M 3o6

Group M.

Early 5th Century. Scale 1'5

PLATE 31

M 302

M 303 (1:7)

M 304

M 307

?:V J:

?s ir F?? Lt1l2 P?r:?

[M 311]

[M 312]
(1:7)

M 313

M 314

.~L~C

?-???7 ..

M 320

M 321
(1:5)

M 322

Group M.

5th Century.

PLATE 32

M323

M 324

M 325

[M 326]

[M 3281

M 329

M 330

M 327

M 332

[M 333]

M.

6th

W.
M 334 M 335 (1:7) [M 315]

[M 336]

M358

M3

6th Century. Group M. Scale 1:5 (except where indicated)

M 370

M371 (1:7)

M372

M373

M386

M 367

M368

M369

M374

M387

Group M.

Late 6th Century and 9th and 10thCenturies.( Scale 1:5 (except where indicated)

PLATE 35

M 99 (1:3)

M 329 (1:5)

Group M.

11-i'"1-"

^^1_||IK|IIH^F-"".'

,~.,,';~i~ x

N1

N2

N3

N4

N6

N8

N9

N7

0 N1H

Nll

GroupN.

Early7th Century.

PLATE 36

J30

P 14855 (cf. J 30)

K5

K6

K7

K8

I
K 10 K l L59 L61 M 349

M289

M350

M 351

P 11138 (cf M 63)

P 11138 (cf. M63)

Stamped Ornament

F96

G218

K 116

K 117

K 118

N 16

Stamps. Coarse Wares

L 63

Inv. L 2043 (cf. L 63)

K 17

Inv. L 1015 (cf. K 17)

iP t1li,"

K 20

K21

K 24

K25

K 61

L 25

Painted Ornament. 3rd and Early 4th Centuries., Scale 1:2

F 89

P 17148 (cf. F 89)

P 14122 (cf.G 123) and G 116

P 14122 (cf. G 123)

GroupsF and G and CollateralDeposits. Scale1:5

?. ?~ (P; cf .

'' '?rQ P ar

P 9815 (cf. F 24)

P 18707 (cf. K 5

(1:5)

PP2o456(cf. F 29) . ?r I?. ... u.:?? L?.: I??I:;k'

?. .

??:?.:

(1:2

P 10005 (cf. L 24) - from a water color) P 19376 (cf. G 102)

Collateral Deposits.

(1:2)

I
P 4503 (cf. G 101) P 11138 (cf. M 63) P 21818 (cf. M 174) P 12935 (cf. M 214) P 10563 (cf. M 363)

(1:.5)

~~~~~~~~~~~~(1:5i.) -.~

.-

P 11692 (cf. M94) (1:7)

P 16074 (cf. M 235) (1:7)

P 4129 (cf. M 272) (1:7)

Collateral Deposits.

PLATE 41

F65

J46]

a
M 255
1

tl?

I:??:

:. "'' ?? :;: ''' ?;r .? ???:? -?;? C?:.(.' i?? "?".. I ' . ? .. i'-' i i'r ''' 'r' ?? .I??? . ??: ;V. ;.??,: ?(. . ?? ?'\ -t

-_

Wae Micaeou

JasMetiso
......cal

282k ..:3 -..M 373

..-. .!

Fee "(cf.p..::.,

Micaceous Water Jars, Details of Necks and Feet (cf. p. 17)

Scale 1:3

PLATE 42

Sliced

[G 103] (2:3)

G 183 (2:3)

J 13 (1:2)

M 167 (1:2) Ridged or Grooved

M 357 (1:2)

G 198 (1:3) Double rolled

K 20 (1:2) Ribbon

F 68 (1:2) Twist

HandleTypes.

PLATE 43

Beaker,Corinth (cf. H 3) Museumof Fine Arts, Boston. (1:1)

Base of Beakershown at left. (1:1)

SamianBowl, Egypt (cf. M 31) Coll. L. Benachi,Alexandria (1:3)

Thymiaterion,Cyrene (cf. G 159) AmericanUniversityMuseum,Beirut (1:2)

PLATE 44

F lO0

F 01

F 102

F103

G129

G 130

G 132

G 133

G 134

135'

143

G 1456

: G138 G139 G140 G 141

5'G

'

4 G 147 G 150

144 G 15i G 152

G14t

G 156

G 15

19 G158

v^^^^~ &

--^r .'.

G 202 ' .:

7 G 157

G261
2

-1

G203

G 204

Lamps. Groups F and G. Scale 1:4

41

G 222 G219
k

J6. G224 l23 J23

^/G G221

G 225

G 226

H 21

H 22 J 62 J63

K 122 K 121 K 124 K 126

^
L12

K 128

K 129

[K131]

[K 132]

L 34

Lamps.GroupsG-L.
Scale 1:4

M 180 M 16 M15 M17

mv 19

M 179

M 55

M 128

M 129

M 130

M 183

M2

M 375

M 378

M 283

M 284

M 317

M 338

M 339

M 381

M 383

Lamps. Group M. Scale 1:4

cr>

QCS

re co '-4 0 QO

0e

PLATE 48

. k

I:

[K138]

T 1854 (cf. M 308)

,??.

G 5

G6
G6

4
K 135

L 15

M 184

G 228

Terracotta Figures. Groups G-M and Collateral Deposits. Scale 2:5

PLATE 49

G 205

G 206

G 207

A 1312 (cf. G 205-207)

K 141

A 630 (cf. K 141)

M 245

A 749b (cf. M 245)

K 139 (2:5)

Architectural Members. Groups G, K and M and Collateral Deposits.

PLATE 50

G 161

J7

G 125

(1:5)

m'

' .:
5

.: "~
.

,.''

''?''':*" "

.;

'.

dlii.i .... :
.,...
.

...

:..

_ ^^^^^BP' *:'.. . .-. . .

M22

M3lo

K76

Terracotta

and Wood.

Groups G-M.

PLATE 51

M 260

M 261

M 262

I~ ~ i

F~~~~~~
>~
/e

M 28 (2:5)

J9

M 263

L 19

Buckets of Wood, Bronze and Lead. Groups J, L and M. Scale 1:5 where

PLATE 52

M 59

H...28

G:165

M 112

Sculpture. Groups G, H and M. Scale 3:5

I.

"'

Stone Objects. Groups H, K, L and M. Scale 1:4

PLATE 53

J17
K 148

K 1O

K 151

M30

M 288

N 13

M 206

M 138
(2:5)

M 264

'1

(1:2)

Bronze,Ironand Lead.GroupsG, J-N.

PLATE 54

74

..?

H 27

M23

M24

::%

...

(1:2)

J Dy

i I
OL,

MdEENF"'

i i,

M_OS l08

M 348
? "..'.,a..-

(7:10)

Glass and Stone. Groups H-N.

PLATE 55

247
:M X 107? L65

M185

M 186

..fSc!a
\-r7 . M 249 M 309

M 286
t i . *w" . a . .

/* >; .
X. --.,i

M 56

M 248
M250 ."
. .; . ;

Glass.GroupsL and M. Scale2:5

PLATE 56

Ilir

? i? *1

M 109

M 251

si .r:. ?,

G7

J
1
L74

M 27

[
L 73 G 208 M 110 J8 j15 M 57 J68 M 111

G 163

Bone and Ivory. Groups G, J, L and M. Scale 3:5

YI~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
N~~~~~dik

:m

.:O

ll

e.

_.

e
9&JlA

^^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.M i-^

.. ... ... :
.. *-" -* *

I(.?! .-

-.

tF-

= '.' \''

Animal and Vegetable Remains. Group M (cf. p. 84) Scale 2:5

1I

K1dle

IH

I I

K 19

/
/

>.

K 17

K 33

4 t

$-k
4

L' ( _-? - - -- ----,

.-- - -M 147

~i

f-

~ -

I%

'I II
II It

C
?
F2 F 15 G 16

I I'

t,~~~~~~~~~~~~i,
I.)

1 \

I' d

.4
- - M 145

I~

cw
-1

Painted Mottoes. Groups K and M. Scale 1:4

..,,,J
G19 G21 G23 G24

a
G25

4
G 27

'-3^^
G 37 G 53

(oxC*
G55

J, .??
L

;! .,
2=

g
G

G 56

G61

G62

G63

G64

G 168

Potters' Stamps. Groups F, G, H and M. Scale 1:1

PLATE 58

F7

F8

F 10

o
F 12 F13

L 51

Ml

A M45
M27 M 45

/%/I
M 46

11/2//
M90
M 125

M /

M232

k
M230(a) 230(a)

/
M 230 (b)

14/<llm
M 273 M273 M 307 [M315] T 1854 (cf. M 308)

M 330

330

M 391 (a)

M 391 (b)

Graffiti. Groups F, L and M. Scale 1:2

M 102

M 16 M 169

M 170

M 241

M 242

M 255

M25
M256 M 27 M257 258 M 258 M259 M 278 M 279 M 324

M 94 G 126

6'

'4

[M 333] M 327
0 0
I *

1i0 Om1,
4 p

M 372

Dipinti. Groups G and M.

PLATE 5

Avn Ar
F 74 F 92

wv

ere

fF/
-.

rI

tP,
H 20

(r
H 33 L 32

-t

AI AAt IOrVI
,tAyVC
J5

I AIo,i

uI

-i(
-4

T r',1

18 FNIM

M118

/
r
J52 2

fA

^f
M 233

k rm

nr/w0

1*
I/A H TH

(
C

I A H rt
M 104

t5 \~~04
Ml'I

0 4

M 199

M 199

PLATE 60

F
I

F2
F2

r~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
F3

Z
F4
11 -l/
7

G8

G9

G 10

Gil

Gilr

i
G 12 G 15

HI

F 12

F 14

F6
110 .

F7
. . . . .

10

cLs.

F 11

Pergamene Ware. Profiles.

PLATE 61

I
G 13

i/
Pergamene Ware.

G 14

F 15

G 16

G 17

G 18

Samian B Ware.

21 ~.-zi/
G 19
_ _%h

J 28
I

G 167

G 169

)/ G22 G 213

G 31

IM 31

G 32

G 24

/G25
9 10 cns.

Samian A Ware. Profiles.

PLATE 62
l iuMl3l i3lllllllllllilll J ,li)Ulllullll

O ilB IU I lif

M 33

J2 J29

G 28

IG

G21

G 171

M 32

G 29

G 30

Samian A Ware.

G 33

G 35
4F-

G 34 L

36i ----G G 36

Western Sigillata Ware.

F27

G47

-gm
U~G G 46 46

M 35
0
10 cu,6

G 160
I

Fine Early Roman Wares. Profiles.

PLATE 63

G 172
K4

G45

F 26

H3

G 42 P 762 (cf. M 4)

F 46
o

10 cms.

G 94

Fine Early Roman Wares. Scale 1:2

F 16
0
10 cms.

West Slope Ware.

F 17

PLATE 64

K1

K2

M 139

- -

K3

Late Roman Red Ware.

/%
(

ML

I~ ~

F 29

F 34

F33
0 IIo

F 28
10 cms.

Group F.

1st Century B. C.

F35
_dWS

F 36
,=.. I -. -

F41

F 42

F 51
At I

F5

G49

G50 oo

c,s.

Groups F and G.

1st CenturyB. C. and 1st Centuryafter Chris Profiles. Scale 1:2

PLATE 66

G 54

G 52 G 58

;t/-///T//////X-

G 53

G 59

G60

G 65

G61 G 61

G 66

G 68

G 69

G 70

G73

G 74

G 76
0
I

1o cms.

Group G.

1st Centuryafter Christ. Profiles.

G 77

G 176

G 216
to oms.

Group G.

1st and Early 2nd Centuries. Profiles. Scale 1:2

PLATE 68

H4

H7

P 11259 (cf. H 10)

H 32

Group H.

First Half of 2nd

J 30

J31

J32

J33

J 36

Group J.

2nd to Early 3rd Century

K 17
o & ffI
*I*

* *

10 CfU.

Group K.

Middle of 3rd Century Profiles.

AW

/MI. lomblm.--

"W.

K 19

K 32

K41

K 48
o
? I *

10 c st.
J

Group K.

Middle of 3rd Century. ~~~~~~~~~~~~ Scarofile 1:2 Scale 1:2

PLATE 70

[L2]

N~

^^^^---R^^^

L 59

P 11186 (cf. L 61)

Group L.

Late 3rd to Early 5th Century.

M2

M3

M 34

M64

[M66]

[M65] 65] [M
.0
I . . * Io0 os.
0

M 144

Group M.

1st to 3rd Century. Profiles.

PLATE 71

M 209

M 253

M 290

P 8651 (cf. M 289)

M 3-10

M 350

M 354

M 352

M 355

X 'r
M 349 . . . . . . . . lo, M 356

(~~~~

Group M.

4th to 6th Centuries. Profiles.

PLATE 72

F60

F61

F 62
I

1'
G 113

P 14839 (cf. M 10) -p F82

F 80

F 81

)
) 1 J55

F83

)
J57

F84

F85

(rims of cooking pots)

G 190 (with elevation of handle) lanof handle)

_& en

J 22 (with plan of handle)

F 77

F 78

K 89

.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
t G 191 I
,J

G 112

10 cms. I

M 100

Utility Vessels. Profiles.

PLATE 73

4 r',,
G 13
(ring foot) M 94 ring foot, (flarinng moulded base)

1
M 176 G 21 (false ring foot)

(tubular foot, conical base)

P 822 (cf. [K 113])

G 82
(ring foot, conical base)

[M io1]
(moulded base) M 145

(groovedbase)

G 33
(carinate rim)

1,

1
G 175 G 13 (flanged rim)
M 95

(rolled lip) a
.

(thickened lip)
. . .

M 48

(groovedbase)

Details of Feet, Bases, Lips. Scale 1:3

K 146 (marble) M 58 (wood)

K 147 (marble)

L 76 (bronze)
4--

r
--w .T. ,.

H 24 (clay) M 205 (glass)

I
I\ \\

K 142 (glass)
\

K 143 (glass)

P 8480 and 8482 (cf. F 50) (clay unguentarium)

M 106 (glass)
10 cnm.

PLATE 74

N Iq:l

N 18:1

4
HHHRHI t t I

wm.

Section and Plan of Group F Deposit.

CO
rlt

C)

"a
4:

I --

?L

PLATE 76 .A |B C D |E FG C

L M -

TU

V W X

ATHENS
3 4 5

'

'"6

12
133
16

?/

r,
0

17

9~-2 i5

k,,~

i~
a

2Lo:2r

Ci]_ AIB ~~
27~~~~~~~~~Ata A B
C

m,O
I J

]J
L IA
| HO

PQP'i]
Stt P Q

[Jl
T U
V

F |

w x

Actual State Plan of the Athenian Agora