Slide 1

12 3 45 6 7

Slide 2
Customerswith
large generators
beingpaid Rs. 21.15
per unit for
generatingtheir
own power . Two days before news

Slide 3 Copper indiumgallium(di)selenide(CIGS) verifiedbyNRELto beasefficient as14.6%in2006,

NANOSOLARPOWERSHEET
THENEW DAWN OFSOLAR

http://www.popsci.com/popsci/flat/bown/2007/index.html
Slide 4 Solar cell Priceand
production2008=3700MW

Slide 5

Slide 6

123 45 6 7
Slide 7 ONAVERAGEAROUNDTHE WORLD, SUNLIGHTDELIVERSA BARRELOFOILOFENERGY ONEVERYSQUARE METER OFLANDEVERYYEAR

Incomingsolar energy

Sri Lankagetsat
6(kWh/m2/day)
7000kWh/year
Colombo

Slide 8

Efficiency Rated Life Cost per 50,000

(Lumens/Watt) (Hours) hours
Supply of
Kerosene .03 $1251
Kerosene
Incandescent Bulb 5-18 1000 $175
Light Emitting Diode
25-50 50,000 $20
(LED)

Slide 9
Slide 10
Buy power duringthe night

Slide 11
CEBTARIFF
Domesticeffective fromNov2008

Fuel Adjustment Charge30%onall unit chargesexcept DP& RPconsumers

consuminglessthan90unitsper month

Slide 12
Residential tiered tariff
30.00X1.3=Rs39

25.00X1.3=Rs32.50

16.00X1.3=Rs20.80

Rs7.50
Rs4.70
Rs3.00
Slide 13 Rs39

Rs39/kWh

Slide 14
Technology
transfer to
rural Sri
Lanka
Slide 15 .
.

Annual SavingsBefore and After

.

10000
.
8000

6000

4000

2000
20
. 0

1 2 3 4 5

Slide 16
Accumulated Net Savings
.
8000

6000

4000

2000
20
. 0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

Slide 17
How Storage will Help Smoothingof Out Put

12 3 4 5 6 78 9 101
Slide 18

Slide 19
Conversion factor
(multiply top row by factor to obtain side column)

W/m² kW·h/(m²·day) sunhours/day kWh/m²•y kWh/kWp•y

W/m² 1 41.66666 41.66666 0.1140796 0.1521061
kW·h/(m²·day 0.024 1 1 0.0027379 0.0036505
sunhours/day 0.024 1 1 0.0027379 0.0036505
kWh/m²•y 8.765813 365.2422 365.2422 1 1.333333
kWh/kWp•y 6.574360 273.9316 273.9316 0.75 1

Slide 20
Solar Radiationin W/msq
Slide 21

Slide 22

Slide 23
Efficiency of Solar cells
2009

12 3 4 5

12 3 4 5 6 71314
Slide 24
Cost of Generation by Solar
CEBDOM tariff for>600kWh/m

Slide 25
SUN POWERPRODUCTIONvsLOAD
PROFILE
12 3 4 5 6 7

A Typical CEB
Load curve

Slide 26 The annual results for Sri Lanka, which range from4.5to 6.0 kWh/m2/day, are consistent with, and
slightly higher than earlier studies usingsunshine recorders,which gave resultsof 4.2to 5.6kWh/m2/day.
The slightly higher resultsare due most likely to the fact that, for Sri Lanka, we chose to
calculate the resource for a flat plate collector tilted to latitude, rather than the more
traditional method of calculating the resource on a horizontal surface that the earlier studies
used. With two axistrackingone axis done manually for seasons wecan get 7.32 kWh/m2/day.

http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy03osti/34645.pdf http://rredc.nrel.gov/solar/codes_algs/PVWATTS/version1/#map
With a 4kW system we can get thisamount of Energy
• Radiation Energy Energy
• (kWh/m2/day) (kWh) Axis tracking per Watt/day
• Colombo Ratmalana
• 6.58 7411 2 1.85 22.5%Extra
• 6.35 7172 1 1.79
• 5.38 6028 0 1.51
• Colombo/Katunayake
• 6.71 7632 2 23.56%Extra
• 6.47 7377 1
• 5.46 6177 0
• Hambantota
• 7.32 8494 2 2.12 29% Extra
• 7.00 8140 1
• 5.71 6583 0
• Trincomalee(AFB)
• 7.11 8033 2 26.1%Extra
• 6.83 7731 1
• 5.64 6343 0
Slide 27
Solar Power Costsfor Sri Lanka
Power needed1577kWh/yr OR131 kWh/MonthACoutput needed0.75 kW
Modulearea1.33 sq.ft Areaneeded 11 sq.ft No of Modules8 Power per module
100watts DCpower 789 watts Inverter efficiency95 %ACpower750 watts
Modulecost rate$2.00 wattModule Cost $1,500 Rs/house 178,406
(assumingtoday’s exchangerate) Inverter costrate $0.50 wattsInverter cost$395 Installation
cost rate$0.50 per wattInstallationcost $395Capacityfactor 24 % Sri Lanka 2102.4
kWh/Year/kW Output per year 1577kWhDegradationrate-0.30 %/Outputafter
year: 25 Total power delivered– kWh 37,991
Cost per kWh amortizedwith out batteries=$0.11
(Withnet meteringno Batteriesarerequired). Simple Payback period <4Years
Cost per kWh amortized with batteries =$0.25
Moneysavingfor consumers>331kWh/M =Rs1,252,693/Y (At today’stariff of Rs32.50 for>180
unitsNet meteringbut surelytheCEBtariff will increase) Typical CO2 emission from oil 583 kg/MWh

Emissionssaved (kg) 22,148 Typical fuel consumption per MWh125gal. Fuel saved (gal)
4,749. Cost of fuel saved for the country Rs 1,258,336. Assumingall marginal units are fromDiesel

Fuel Savingin Import Rs719,049/house

(At today'simport price but whichwill soongo up)

Slide 28 NANOORGANICPVCELL
(HIGHEFFICIENCY)

Slide 29
Flexible Plastic PV Cell

1234 56 7
Slide 30

Slide 31
Ultra TripleJunctionSolarCells

Slide 32
Slide 33
Solar Concentrators

123 45 6

Slide 34

Slide 35

12 3 4 5 6 7
Slide 36
The SolarWall®PV/thermal
solar system
is housed on the roof of a
service
centre and health clinic for the
Olympic athletes in Beijing

PV module efficiencyis typically between 8-20%.

What happens to the rest of the sun’s energy that
shineson the panels? Most of it is converted into
heat energy, which normally is lost and provides
no value to the systemowner. As well, the heat
build-upbehind PV modules reduces the electrical
output by 0.4-0.5%for every 1°C above its rated
output temperature (which is 25°C). Given that
roofscan reach temperaturesas high as 90°C,
the actual operatingefficiencyof PV systems is
oftensignificantlyless than the rated output.

Slide 37 Benefitsof Solar Cell Energy a Zero

EmissionTechnology
• Moremanual labor jobswill becreated
• Thevalueof the propertywill go up
• Bydistributedgeneration daypeak will comedown. TransmissionandDistributionlosseswill bereduced.
• Reductionof costlyoil importsto the country
• Reductionof costlyGasturbinegenerationandcostlyPrivatepower.
• Reductionof Global warming
• Reductionof pollutingCO2 andother CHSGasses
• Reductionof wasteful use of water in thermal Power stations
• With net meteringthe large homeswill benefit more on reducingthere costly electricity bills.
• Combinedwithenergyefficiency andenergysavinganduse of LEDlamps thenight peakcan also be reducedto
benefittheutility.
• Shouldbeable to getRenewableEnergy Certificates andCarbon trading
• Lowinterest soft loans will becomeavailablefromthe local bankslike for Rural solar homesystems
• Amental satisfactionthat wehavenot contributedto Pollution andGlobal warming.
• Itis expectedthat bilateral and multilateral financeand market stimulationprogramsbased onbest serviceat least
costwill besoonavailable

Distributed Generation: the Next Step in Smart Power Distribution

Solar Power iscommerciallyviable.

Slide 38
Slide 39
12 3
45 6
7

20%efficiency =
200W/m2 or
20W/ft2.
LEDlamp LIFESPAN
of up to 50,000
hours!
Upto 90%more
efficient than
traditional lighting

Slide 40 Solar Powered LEDLantern

Slide 41
Solar street lamps in China
Slide 42
D Light India

Slide 43
Solar power has several advantages
• Economical Benefits:
• The energy from the sun is practically free, after the initial investment has been recovered
• Solar energy reduces our dependence on foreign or centralized conventional source of energy
• Solar energy supports local jobs and creates wealth, which elevates local economies

• EnvironmentallyFriendly:
• Solar energy is clean, quiet, renewable and sustainable unlike other conventional energy sources such as gas,
oil, and coal
• Solar energy does not contribute to global warming, acid rain, or smog, on the contrary, it helps to lower
harmful green house gas emissions
•
• Independent/Semi-Independent:
• Solar energy reduces our dependence on foreign or centralized sources of energy
• Solar energy can reduce your electric bill, and also supply your property with electricity in the event of a power
outage
• Solar energy systems can operate entirely independent from a power or gas grid; therefore systems can be
installed in remote location
•
• Lowor no Maintenance:
• Solar energy systems are virtually maintenance free and will last at least 25 years
• Systemsizes can be increased in the future as your electricity needs grow
• Systems operate silently, and have no moving parts

Slide 44
Toyota 2010 Solar Roof Prius
Thesepanels will powerthe air conditioningsystem,allowingits operation without turningonthecar's main engine.
Toyotahas announced that the next redesign
of their highly successful hybrid Prius
automobilewill include solar panels on its
roof
Slide 45
A photo of the new world record solar cell.

The sunlight was concentrated454-times onto a 5 mm² multi-junction solar cell

composed of GaInP/GaInAs/ Ge(galliumindiumphosphide, galliumindium
(©Fraunhofer ISE) arsenide on a germaniumsubstrate) a record 41.1 percent efficiency.

Slide 46

Slide 47 A new phone

of Samsung
"Blue Earth"
powered by
solar energy is
seen at the
Mobile World
Congress in
Barcelona,
Spain,
Monday, Feb.
16, 2009.
Priced at
$40
Slide 48 Researchersat the FraunhoferInstitutefor Solar Energy Systems (ISE)
in Freiburghave reached a record 41.1 percent efficiency

Slide 49 http://www.news.com.au/heraldsun/story/0,21985,25105900-2862,00.html

Slide 50
First Solar first to US$1 per watt
manufacturingcost
http://www.pv-tech.org/news/_a/first_solar_first_to_us1_per_watt_manufacturing_cost/
Slide 51

Slide 52

Thank
You

Slide 53
Bicycle Powered Generator
http://www.mattshaver.com/bikegen/index.htm IndRs.4000