CBE350 Fluid Mechanics HOMEWORK #01

Fall 2013 4:00PM / Friday September 6

th
2013

Always Show All Of Your Work Staple Your Homework Set All Work Must Be Your Own

Consider this experimental set-up for problem 1 and problem 2:


The distance between the plates [ h = 0.85 cm ] and top plate velocity [ V = 6.45 cm/s ].

1. Assume the fluid between the two plates is water.
--- Check the course Blackboard site for some properties of water ---

(a) What is the shear stress [ N/m
2
] at 20
o
C?

(b) What is the shear stress [ N/m
2
] at 80
o
C?

(c) How did the shear stress change when the temperature increased?

(d) Why did the shear stress change?



2. Assume the fluid between the two plates is air.
--- Check the course Blackboard site for some properties of air ---

(a) What is the shear stress [N/m
2
] at 20
o
C?

(b) What is the shear stress [N/m
2
] at 80
o
C?

(c) How did the shear stress change when the temperature increased?

(d) Why did the shear stress change?






h
V
CBE350 Fluid Mechanics HOMEWORK #01
Fall 2013 4:00PM / Friday September 6
th
2013


3. The capillary rise in a tube depends on the cleanliness of both the fluid and the
tube. The typical values of h are less than those predicted by the surface tension
equation that we developed in lecture (which assumes values for u and o based on
clean fluids and clean tubes). Some measurements of the height, h, to which a
water column rises in a vertical open tube of diameter, d, are given in a table
below. The water in this experiment was at 60
o
F and no effort was made to clean
the glass tube.

(a) Fit a curve to the data and estimate the value of the o cosu term [ lb
f
/ ft ].

(b) Assume o has the value for clean water find the value of u | degrees |.

(c) Assume that u = 0
o
find the value of o [ lb
f
/ ft ].

--- I suggest that you use Excel for the curve fitting ---
--- I suggest you keep three non-zeros in your curve fit significant figures ---
--- Include your plot with your solution ---
--- Be careful to distinguish between degrees and radians ---
--- The density of water at 60
o
F is 62.37 lb
m
/ft
3
---



d [ in ] 0.300 0.250 0.200 0.150 0.100 0.080 0.050
h [ in ] 0.129 0.157 0.236 0.271 0.465 0.505 0.875





4. Consider an open and clean glass tube (with u = 0
o
). This tube is vertically
inserted into a pan of water. The effect of surface tension causes the water level
in the tube to rise to a height equal to twice the tube diameter. The temperature
for this experiment is constant at 60
o
F.

(a) What is the diameter of the clean glass tube [ ft ]?






CBE350 Fluid Mechanics HOMEWORK #01
Fall 2013 4:00PM / Friday September 6
th
2013


5. We learned in class that pressure change with height in a gas can be shown as


( )
(

= z g
RT
MW
p z p exp
0
(5.1)


The pressure and temperature that appear in this expression are always the
absolute pressure and absolute temperature (because this came from the ideal gas
law). Equation (5.1) is an exponential decrease in pressure with an increase in
height. We can make an approximation to convert equation (5.1) into a linear
relationship. Think about a Taylor series expansion of exp[-x].


| | ... 2 1 exp
2
+ = x x x (5.2)


So the pressure change with height can be approximated by


( )
(
(

|
.
|

\
|
+ ~ ...
2
1
2
2
0
z
RT
g MW
z
RT
g MW
p z p (5.3)


For small values of
|
.
|

\
|
z
RT
g MW
the higher order terms become negligible. This
gives the linear relationship that we are searching for.


( ) z g
RT
p MW
p z p
0
0
~ (5.4)


You have air at a temperature of 70
0
F. You wish to calculate the absolute
pressure at an elevation that is z miles above ground level.

(a) How large can z be [ miles ] such that the error associated with using the
linear approximation (equation 5.4) is no more the 1% of the exact value?